| natural distemper in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in warsaw. | two hundred and twenty-four dogs with clinical signs of distemper were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus (cdv) in mucous membranes by direct immunofluorescence assay. the study showed that 22% of the animals were cdv-positive. most (33/50; 66%) of the infected dogs had never been vaccinated against distemper, whereas only 11 of 50 (22%) cdv-positive animals were immunized at least once. the difference in the infection rate between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals was statist ... | 2002 | 12489707 |