| usefulness of clinical case-definitions in guiding therapy for african children with malaria or pneumonia. | the world health organisation has developed disease-specific clinical case-definitions to guide management of children with fever or cough, the cardinal signs of malaria and pneumonia. to assess the usefulness of the case-definitions and to investigate their interaction, we studied children with fever or cough brought to a hospital in lilongwe, malawi. for all children, a thick blood smear was examined for plasmodium falciparum parasites. chest radiography was done only for children with parasit ... | 1992 | 1359219 |
| therapeutic efficacy of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and susceptibility in vitro of p. falciparum isolates to sulphadoxine-pyremethamine and other antimalarial drugs in malawian children. | since 1993 sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (sp) has been used as the first-line drug for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in malawi. to investigate the current efficacy of sp and other antimalarial drug resistance, we studied in vivo and in vitro responses to sp, chloroquine (cq), mefloquine (mf), quinine (qn), and halofantrine (hf) in salima, central malawi. in a follow-up of 14 days, nine (13.8%) of 65 children under five showed rii/riii parasitological resistance, and in in vitro microt ... | 2001 | 11422956 |
| high prevalence of quintuple mutant dhps/dhfr genes in plasmodium falciparum infections seven years after introduction of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine as first line treatment in malawi. | malawi changed its national policy for malaria treatment in 1993, becoming the first country in africa to replace chloroquine by sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine combination (sp) as the first-line drug for uncomplicated malaria. seven years after this change, we investigated the prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) mutations, known to be associated with decreased sensitivity to sp, in 173 asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum infections from salima, malawi. ... | 2003 | 12659974 |
| recovery of chloroquine sensitivity and low prevalence of the plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene mutation k76t following the discontinuance of chloroquine use in malawi. | in 1993, malawi stopped treating patients with chloroquine for plasmodium falciparum malaria because of a high treatment failure rate (58%). in 1998, the in vitro resistance rate to chloroquine was 3% in the salima district of malawi; in 2000, the in vivo resistance rate was 9%. we assayed two genetic mutations implicated in chloroquine resistance (n86y in the p. falciparum multiple drug resistance gene 1 and k76t in the p. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene) in 82 p. falciparum ... | 2003 | 12875289 |