| epidemiology and control of egg-associated salmonella enteritidis in the united states of america. | the isolation rate for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) in humans in the united states of america (usa) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). the proportion of reported salmonella isolates which were se increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. in 1990, 1994, and 1995, se was the most commonly reported reported salmonella serotype in the usa. much of this increase ... | 1997 | 9501367 |
| multinational outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infections due to contaminated alfalfa sprouts. | in december 1995, reported salmonella enterica serotype newport (sn) infections increased sharply in oregon and british columbia but not elsewhere in north america. similar unexplained increases had been noted in 6 other states in the fall of 1995. | 1999 | 9917119 |
| salmonella enterica serotype dublin infection: an emerging infectious disease for the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype dublin (s. enterica dublin) emerged for the first time in new york, pennsylvania, and ohio in 1988. since that time this host-adapted serotype has spread throughout the veal- and dairy beef-raising operations in the region; very few dairy farms have experienced clinical s. enterica dublin infections. this study details the epidemiology of the outbreaks in cattle. during the period 1988 through 1995, nine new york and four pennsylvania counties hav ... | 1999 | 10405378 |
| molecular characterization of cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport isolates from animals in pennsylvania. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains of salmonella enterica serotype newport have been described for many years. however, the recognition of newport strains with resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics is more recent. plasmid-mediated cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamases have been identified in salmonella in the united states, and the bla(cmy-2) gene has been shown to be present in salmonella serotype newport. this organism is currently undergoing epidemic spread in both animals and humans in the united stat ... | 2002 | 12454172 |
| the role of disinfectant resistance of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in recurring infections in pennsylvania egg quality assurance program monitored flocks. | the pennsylvania egg quality assurance program (peqap) has made major gains in the reduction of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis). however, s. enteritidis continues to be a major food safety concern for the commercial egg laying industry. despite intensive control efforts through peqap, some commercial egg layer houses still remain positive for s. enteritidis. the primary objective of this study was to determine whether s. enteritidis isolates obtained from historically e ... | 2003 | 12713169 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium infection from milk contaminated after pasteurization. | an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections occurred in pennsylvania and new jersey. a case-control study implicated pasteurized milk from a dairy, and an inspection indicated the potential for contamination after pasteurization. dairy cattle are the likely reservoir, and milk may be an important vehicle of salmonella transmission to humans. | 2004 | 15200835 |
| salmonella serovars in the herpetofauna of indiana county, pennsylvania. | herpetofaunal salmonella enterica serovars have not been fully examined in any u.s. region. thirty-three salmonella serovars were isolated from 156 samples from 34 species, all within indiana county, pennsylvania. results suggest that herpetofaunas could potentially pose a threat to humans. further understanding of salmonella in herpetofaunas may prevent future human cases. | 2006 | 16672533 |
| a survey of foodborne pathogens in bulk tank milk and raw milk consumption among farm families in pennsylvania. | a 2-part study was conducted to determine the risk of exposure to human pathogens from raw milk. the first part of the study focused on determining raw milk consumption habits of dairy producers. a total of 248 dairy producers from 16 counties in pennsylvania were surveyed. overall, 105 (42.3%) of the 248 dairy producers consumed raw milk and 170 (68.5%) of the 248 dairy producers were aware of foodborne pathogens in raw milk. dairy producers who were not aware of foodborne pathogens in raw milk ... | 2006 | 16772561 |
| the key role of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in investigation of a large multiserotype and multistate food-borne outbreak of salmonella infections centered in pennsylvania. | five different serotypes of salmonella enterica were implicated in a large outbreak linked to fresh roma tomatoes served at gas station deli counters in pennsylvania and nearby states during july 2004: s. enterica serotypes javiana, anatum, thompson, typhimurium, and muenchen. one of these serotypes, anatum, was isolated from both tomatoes and patients. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) played a key role in identifying the outbreak-associated isolates and distinguishing them from unrelated ... | 2006 | 16954249 |
| salmonella typhimurium infection associated with raw milk and cheese consumption--pennsylvania, 2007. | in february 2007, the pennsylvania department of health received reports, through routine electronic laboratory disease reporting, of two persons with recent laboratory-confirmed infections with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. both persons had reported drinking raw (unpasteurized) milk from the same york county, pennsylvania, dairy (dairy a). s. typhimurium isolates from these persons had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns that were indistinguishable by use of the xbai re ... | 2007 | 17989645 |
| longitudinal study of a clonal, subclinical outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cerro in a u.s. dairy herd. | salmonellae are a major group of foodborne pathogens known to affect both humans and animals. dairy cattle are a known reservoir of these bacteria and human salmonella infections have been associated with the consumption of improperly processed or contaminated dairy products. many of the over 2500 known serotypes of salmonella are known to infect cattle, resulting in asymptomatic to fatal salmonellosis. this study describes the course of a salmonella outbreak and subsequent endemic infection on ... | 2007 | 18041954 |
| multistate outbreak of human salmonella infections caused by contaminated dry dog food--united states, 2006-2007. | during january 1, 2006-december 31, 2007, cdc collaborated with public health officials in pennsylvania, other states, and the food and drug administration (fda) to investigate a prolonged multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype schwarzengrund infections in humans. a total of 70 cases of s. schwarzengrund infection with the outbreak strain (xbai pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] pattern jm6x01.0015) were identified in 19 states, mostly in the northeastern united states. this re ... | 2008 | 18480745 |
| salmonella infections in the common raccoon (procyon lotor) in western pennsylvania. | ten salmonella enterica serotypes were isolated from fecal samples collected from anesthetized raccoons (n = 738) trapped in six pennsylvania counties from 2003 to 2005. comparison of raccoon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pulse type data with the pennsylvania department of health pfge database revealed that the patterns of seven salmonella serotypes matched those isolated from humans with salmonellosis. | 2008 | 18596136 |
| update: recall of dry dog and cat food products associated with human salmonella schwarzengrund infections--united states, 2008. | on may 16, 2008, cdc reported on a 2006-2007 multistate outbreak of infection with salmonella enterica serotype schwarzengrund that was associated with dry dog food. at the time of that report, a total of 70 cases had been reported from 19 states, with the last case identified on october 1, 2007. subsequently, an additional case was identified on december 29, 2007. epidemiologic and environmental investigations have suggested the source of the outbreak was dry pet food produced by one manufactur ... | 2008 | 18987615 |
| outbreak of salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar newport mdr-ampc in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital. | nosocomial salmonellosis is an important problem for large animal veterinary teaching hospitals (vths). | 2010 | 20584143 |
| subtyping salmonella serovar enteritidis isolates from different sources using sequence typing based on virulence genes and crisprs. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis in the united states. two major food vehicles for ser. enteritidis are contaminated eggs and chicken meat. improved subtyping methods are needed to accurately track specific strains of ser. enteritidis related to human salmonellosis throughout the chicken and egg food system. a sequence typing scheme based on virulence genes (fimh and ssel) and crisprs (clustered regularly interspaced short palind ... | 2011 | 21571881 |
| regional distribution of two dairy-associated salmonella enterica serotypes. | salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen that is often associated with dairy farms. the organism can cause disease in cows but is also frequently shed in large numbers by dairy cows that are asymptomatic. long-term asymptomatic infections with serotypes cerro and kentucky were previously identified in cows on a 100-head dairy farm in pennsylvania, united states (focal dairy). milk filters were collected from farms within 30 miles of the focal dairy to determine whether the infections by cerro ... | 2013 | 23536986 |
| prevalence of salmonella cerro in laboratory-based submissions of cattle and comparison with human infections in pennsylvania, 2005-2010. | the aim of this study was to identify salmonella serotypes infecting cattle in pennsylvania, to compare infection rates for the predominant serotype, salmonella enterica serotype cerro, with the infection rates for the same serotype in humans, and to study the clonal diversity and antimicrobial resistance for this serotype in cattle from 2005 to 2010. clonal diversity among the selected isolates was studied using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and repetitive (rep)-polymerase chain react ... | 2012 | 22953739 |
| notes from the field: outbreak of salmonellosis associated with pet turtle exposures--united states, 2011. | cdc is collaborating with the pennsylvania state health department in an ongoing investigation of an outbreak of human salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b var. l (+) tartrate + infections associated with pet turtle exposures. turtles have long been recognized as sources of human salmonella infections and are a particular risk to young children. although the sale or distribution of small turtles (those with carapace lengths <4 inches [<10.2 cm]) has been prohibited in the united states since ... | 2012 | 22298304 |
| longitudinal monitoring of successive commercial layer flocks for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | the pennsylvania egg quality assurance program (eqap) provided the framework for salmonella enteritidis (se) control programs, including the food and drug administration (fda) mandated final egg rule, for commercial layer facilities throughout the united states. although flocks with ≥3000 birds must comply with the fda final egg rule, smaller flocks are exempted from the rule. as a result, eggs produced by small layer flocks may pose a greater public health risk than those from larger flocks. it ... | 2016 | 27792449 |
| histopathology case definition of naturally acquired salmonella enterica serovar dublin infection in young holstein cattle in the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin ( salmonella dublin) is a host-adapted bacterium that causes high morbidity and mortality in dairy cattle worldwide. a retrospective search of archives at the new york animal health diagnostic center revealed 57 culture-confirmed salmonella dublin cases from new york and pennsylvania in which detailed histology of multiple tissues was available. tissues routinely submitted by referring veterinarians for histologic evaluation included sections of ... | 2017 | 28599615 |