| american trypanosomiasis (chagas' disease) in a striped skunk. | | 1985 | 3923215 |
| chagas disease after organ transplantation--los angeles, california, 2006. | chagas disease is an infection caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi. reduviids (i.e., "kissing bugs") transmit the parasite through infected feces. t. cruzi also can be transmitted congenitally and through blood transfusion or organ transplantation. the infection is lifelong if left untreated; the majority of infected persons are asymptomatic, and their disease remains undiagnosed. although routine serologic testing of organ and blood donors is performed in areas of latin america where chaga ... | 2006 | 16874295 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi among eleven potential reservoir species from six states across the southern united states. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in latin america. although rare in humans and domestic animals in the united states, t. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (procyon lotor) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana). to increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of t. cruzi (arizo ... | 2010 | 20020815 |
| infection rates of triatoma protracta (uhler) with trypanosoma cruzi in southern california and molecular identification of trypanosomes. | we report trypanosoma cruzi infection rates of the native kissing bug triatoma protracta in southern california. the rates are within the historically reported range, but differ significantly between the two sites (19% in escondido and 36% in glendora). identification of t. cruzi in t. protracta was conducted for the first time by using partial 18s ribosomal rna and 24sα ribosomal rna sequences. incongruence of 24sα ribosomal rna phylogeny with current t. cruzi genotype classification supports n ... | 2010 | 21036830 |
| trypanosoma cruzi and chagas' disease in the united states. | chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi and causes potentially life-threatening disease of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. the southern half of the united states contains enzootic cycles of t. cruzi, involving 11 recognized triatomine vector species. the greatest vector diversity and density occur in the western united states, where woodrats are the most common reservoir; other rodents, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes are also infected with t. cruzi. in the east ... | 2011 | 21976603 |
| two approaches to discovering and developing new drugs for chagas disease. | this review will focus on two general approaches carried out at the sandler center, university of california, san francisco, to address the challenge of developing new drugs for the treatment of chagas disease. the first approach is target-based drug discovery, and two specific targets, cytochrome p450 cyp51 and cruzain (aka cruzipain), are discussed. a 'proof of concept' molecule, the vinyl sulfone inhibitor k777, is now a clinical candidate. the preclinical assessment compliance for filing as ... | 2009 | 19753483 |
| transmission of trypanosoma cruzi by heart transplantation. | trypanosoma cruzi infection (i.e., chagas disease) is an unusual complication that can occur after solid-organ transplantation and that can result in severe illness or death. in 2006, there were 2 heart transplant recipients in los angeles, california, reported to have acute trypanosomiasis during the same month. we conducted an investigation to determine the source of these infections. | 2009 | 19400748 |
| cost-effectiveness of implementation methods for elisa serology testing of trypanosoma cruzi in california blood banks. | the first u.s. elisa test for t. cruzi antibodies was licensed by the food and drug administration (fda) on december 13, 2006. blood banks have begun screening in absence of fda recommendations for best implementation methods. we surveyed 2,029 blood donors at five california sites with three risk-based chagas risk-screening questions. semi-markov models compared the cost-effectiveness of three testing strategies. 30% of donors screened positively. screening all dominated doing nothing, being le ... | 2008 | 18606764 |
| chagas disease in the united states: a cause for concern in louisiana? | chagas disease, or american trypanosomiasis, is an arthropod-borne protozoan infectious disease, hyperendemic throughout latin america, caused by trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to man by reduviid or kissing bugs. throughout the americas, chagas disease shares many life cycle features with malaria, including transmission of infectious stages by local arthropods, exacerbation or reactivation of subclinical infections by immunosuppression (particularly hiv/aids) and pregnancy, and both transpla ... | 2007 | 17396472 |
| genetic variation, population structure, and phylogenetic relationships of triatoma rubida and t. recurva (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) from the sonoran desert, insect vectors of the chagas' disease parasite trypanosoma cruzi. | nucleotide and amino acid sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene segments were used to gain insights into the population biology and phylogenetic relationships of two species of hematophagous kissing bugs (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) from the sonoran desert of northwestern mexico and southern arizona, usa, triatoma rubida (uhler, 1894) and t. recurva (stål, 1868), both of which are vectors of the protozoan parasite trypanoso ... | 2006 | 16934496 |
| prevalence of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi among solid organ donors in southern california: a population at risk. | trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes chagas' disease, is endemic in parts of mexico, south america, and central america. transmission of t. cruzi infection by solid organ transplantation has been reported in latin america and recently in the united states. to determine the prevalence of t. cruzi antibodies in southern california organ donors, 404 samples from deceased organ donors between may 2002 to april 2004 were screened using a qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eia) and co ... | 2006 | 16477238 |
| trypanosoma cruzi in los angeles and miami blood donors: impact of evolving donor demographics on seroprevalence and implications for transfusion transmission. | trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas' disease, continues to be a concern for blood safety, as demonstrated by recent transfusion-transmitted cases in the united states and canada. the chronic nature of chagas', coupled with increasing numbers of immigrants from t. cruzi-endemic countries, suggests that chagas' is a long-term public health problem. herein, we report on a multiyear epidemiologic study of t. cruzi in los angeles and miami blood donors. | 2002 | 12084162 |
| seroepidemiology of trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of chagas' disease, in us blood donors. | a comprehensive seroepidemiologic study was conducted in two red cross regions (los angeles and miami) to determine the prevalence of trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in at-risk blood donors, to identify additional risk factors, and to assess the likelihood of transmitting t. cruzi by transfusion. at-risk and control donors were stratified by a broad risk question, tested for t. cruzi antibodies, and if confirmed as seropositive, enrolled in case-control and lookback investigations. a total of 299,3 ... | 1997 | 9333165 |
| specific antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors in los angeles, california. | trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of chagas' disease, is often transmitted by transfusion in latin america. previous studies showed that at least 1 in 1000 eligible blood donors at the los angeles county+university of southern california (lac+usc) medical center blood bank had specific antibodies to t. cruzi. in june 1993, serologic screening of prospective allogeneic donors at epidemiologic risk for t. cruzi infection was begun voluntarily. | 1997 | 9225937 |
| risk factors for trypanosoma cruzi infection in california blood donors. | trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes chagas'disease, is endemic in central and south america and in mexico. risk of infection is related to exposure to insects harboring t. cruzi or to the transfusion of blood from an infected donor. large numbers of immigrants from endemic areas reside in california, but the frequency with which persons at risk for t. cruzi contribute to the blood supply there is not known. | 1996 | 8604507 |
| use of a questionnaire to identify potential blood donors at risk for infection with trypanosoma cruzi. | trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan parasite that causes american trypanosomiasis (chagas' disease). chagas' disease is endemic in latin america. the infection is usually seen in poor people who live in rural areas in substandard housing, where they are bitten by infected reduviid bugs. transmission also can occur by blood transfusion. infected individuals who immigrate to the united states might donate blood if they are asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. this study evaluated the useful ... | 1993 | 8424268 |
| chagas' disease in northern california. no longer an endemic diagnosis. | chagas' disease has long been considered a diagnosis endemic to south and central america, with over 10 million seropositive cases in brazil alone, and over 25 percent of infants in rural brazil with demonstrable parasitemia. in northern california, progressive biventricular heart failure developed in a 75-year-old woman with a history of right bundle branch block, sinus bradycardia, and ventricular dysrhythmias. echocardiography showed a characteristic pattern of inferoposterior hypokinesis wit ... | 1983 | 6650538 |
| epizootiology of trypanosoma cruzi in southwestern north america. 8. nocturnal flights of triatoma protracta (uhler) as indicated by collections at black light traps (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae). | | 1966 | 5941571 |
| agent of chagas' disease from honduran vector capable of developing in california insects: implications for cardiologists. | an exotic strain of trypanosoma cruzi recovered from triatoma dimidiata from tegucigalpa, honduras, was shown by isoenzyme studies to be closely related to the miles' zymodeme 1 and laboratory reference strain tehuantepec. it was injected into swiss random-bred icr mice. clean triatoma protracta nymphs and adults, which had been captured in winters, california, fed on inoculated mice and were then examined over a 15-month period. their feces contained multiplying epimastigote and infective trypo ... | 1985 | 3929580 |
| human and sylvatic trypanosoma cruzi infection in california. | in august 1982, a 56-year-old woman from lake don pedro, california, developed acute chagas' disease (american trypanosomiasis). she had not traveled to areas outside the united states with endemic chagas' disease, she had never received blood transfusions, and she did not use intravenous drugs. trypanosoma cruzi cultured from the patient's blood had isoenzyme patterns and growth characteristics similar to t. cruzi belonging to zymodeme z1. triatoma protracta (a vector of trypanosoma cruzi) infe ... | 1985 | 3919598 |
| exotic stock of trypanosoma cruzi (schizotrypanum) capable of development in and transmission by triatoma protracta protracta from california: public health implications. | a stock of trypanosoma cruzi was recovered from a triatoma dimidiata from tegucigalpa, honduras. this stock was shown to be capable of development and transmission by native california triatoma protracta protracta. isozyme analysis indicated that this t. cruzi is closely related to the tehuantepec strain and to a lesser extent the miles' zymodeme 1 strain. the potential public health significance of development and transmission of exotic stocks of t. cruzi by native reduviids is discussed. | 1987 | 3107409 |
| biological characterization of a strain of trypanosoma cruzi chagas isolated from a human case of trypanosomiasis in california. | in august 1982, the first autochthonous case of human american trypanosomiasis in california occurred. the isolate, the tuolumne strain of trypanosoma, was infective to young laboratory mice and capable of causing death or chronic disease in these animals. the morphology and mensural characteristics are described. this strain can develop in 2 species of triatominae native to california, triatoma protracta and t. rubida. the flagellates isolated from these insects were infective to vertebrate hos ... | 1989 | 2508500 |
| prevalence of antibody to trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors in los angeles, california. | transfusion-associated chagas' disease is a serious public health problem in central and south america. with the recent influx of immigrants from chagas' disease-endemic areas, concern about the risk of disease from blood transfusion has increased in the united states. to assess the prevalence of trypanosoma cruzi infection in one area, 1024 consecutive blood donations from 988 voluntary blood donors at a medical center in los angeles county were screened serologically. the median age of donors ... | 1991 | 1755086 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: new foci of enzootic chagas' disease in california. | | 1975 | 809291 |
| molecular diversity of trypanosoma cruzi detected in the vector triatoma protracta from california, usa. | trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of chagas disease in humans and dogs, is a vector-borne zoonotic protozoan parasite that can cause fatal cardiac disease. while recognized as the most economically important parasitic infection in latin america, the incidence of chagas disease in the united states of america (us) may be underreported and even increasing. the extensive genetic diversity of t. cruzi in latin america is well-documented and likely influences disease progression, severity and treatm ... | 2016 | 26797311 |
| habitat management to reduce human exposure to trypanosoma cruzi and western conenose bugs (triatoma protracta). | chagas disease, which manifests as cardiomyopathy and severe gastrointestinal dysfunction, is caused by trypanosoma cruzi, a vector-borne parasite. in california, the vector triatoma protracta frequently colonizes woodrat (neotoma spp.) lodges, but may also invade nearby residences, feeding upon humans and creating the dual risk of bite-induced anaphylaxis and t. cruzi transmission. our research aimed to assess t. cruzi presence in woodrats in a previously unstudied northern california area, sta ... | 2016 | 27515118 |
| a case of cardboard boxes likely facilitating the biting of a patient by trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomine bugs. | chagas disease is a vector-borne and potentially fatal parasitic disease that is transmitted by the triatomine bug, a nocturnal feeding, flying arthropod, often referred to by its colloquial name, the "kissing bug." vector-borne transmission is considered the most important means of spreading chagas disease in endemic and nonendemic areas. corrugated cardboard boxes may accelerate the spread of these insect vectors to nonendemic areas through their ability to harbor and transport small terrestri ... | 2016 | 27601526 |
| prevalence of chagas disease in a u.s. population of latin american immigrants with conduction abnormalities on electrocardiogram. | chagas disease (cd) affects over six million people and is a leading cause of cardiomyopathy in latin america. given recent migration trends, there is a large population at risk in the united states (us). early stage cardiac involvement from cd usually presents with conduction abnormalities on electrocardiogram (ecg) including right bundle branch block (rbbb), left anterior or posterior fascicular block (lafb or lpfb, respectively), and rarely, left bundle branch block (lbbb). identification of ... | 2017 | 28056014 |
| vector blood meals and chagas disease transmission potential, united states. | a high proportion of triatomine insects, vectors for trypanosoma cruzi trypanosomes, collected in arizona and california and examined using a novel assay had fed on humans. other triatomine insects were positive for t. cruzi parasite infection, which indicates that the potential exists for vector transmission of chagas disease in the united states. | 0 | 22469536 |
| polymerase chain reaction detection of trypanosoma cruzi in suboptimally preserved vectors and comparative infection rates 2007-2010 in escondido, southern california. | we investigate the effect of specimen preservation on reliable detection of infection rates of the chagas disease agent trypanosoma cruzi (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in the californian endemic vector triatoma protracta (uhler) (hemiptera: reduviidae) by using polymerase chain reaction. infection rates in suboptimally preserved specimens (dry or low-percentage ethanol) were found to be not significantly different from optimally preserved samples. based on our samples, the infection rate of ... | 2011 | 21919730 |
| prevalence and impact of chagas disease among latin american immigrants with nonischemic cardiomyopathy in los angeles, california. | chagas disease is a well-known cause of cardiomyopathy in latin america; however, 300 000 individuals are estimated to have chagas disease in the united states. this study examined the prevalence and impact of chagas cardiomyopathy (ccm) in a us population. we hypothesized that patients with ccm would have increased morbidity and mortality when compared with patients with non-ccm. | 2015 | 26206855 |
| genotype diversity of trypanosoma cruzi in small rodents and triatoma sanguisuga from a rural area in new orleans, louisiana. | chagas disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi that represents a major public health problem in latin america. although the united states is defined as non-endemic for chagas disease due to the rarity of human cases, the presence of t. cruzi has now been amply demonstrated as enzootic in different regions of the south of the country from georgia to california. in southeastern louisiana, a high t. cruzi infection rate has been demonstrated in triatoma san ... | 2015 | 25890064 |
| a community-based screening program for chagas disease in the usa. | chagas disease (cd) affects over 300 000 people in the usa, many with limited access to healthcare. although early detection and treatment prevents life-threatening complications, <1% of people with cd receive diagnosis, and routine screening is virtually nonexistent in the usa. we describe a program that led to an increase in cd screening in the latin american-born population of los angeles. | 2017 | 28756912 |
| the prevalence of chagas disease among latin american immigrants with pacemakers in los angeles, california. | abstractchagas disease (cd), with associated conduction abnormalities, is a common indication for pacemaker implantation in latin america. the prevalence of cd in latin american immigrants with pacemakers residing in the united states has never been studied. this single-center cross-sectional study included pacemaker patients who were aged 18 years or more with a previous residence in latin america for at least 6 months. patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, cardiac resynchron ... | 2017 | 28500812 |
| prevalence of chagas disease in the latin american-born population of los angeles. | according to an estimate from the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), chagas disease (cd) may affect 1.31% of latin american immigrants in the united states, with >300 000 cases. however, there is a lack of real-world data to support this estimate. little is known about the actual prevalence of this neglected tropical disease in the united states, and the bulk of those infected are undiagnosed. | 2017 | 28329123 |
| chagas disease awareness among latin american immigrants living in los angeles, california. | approximately 300,000 persons have chagas disease in the united states, although almost all persons acquired the disease in latin america. we examined awareness of chagas disease among latin american immigrants living in los angeles, california. we surveyed 2,677 persons (age range = 18-60 years) in los angeles who resided in latin america for at least six months. a total of 62% of the participants recalled seeing triatomines in latin america, and 27% of the participants reported triatomine bite ... | 2014 | 25200261 |
| indigenous chagas' disease (american trypanosomiasis) in california. | | 1984 | 6425516 |