| cut and puncture accidents involving health care workers exposed to biological materials. | the first report of occupational acquisition of hiv appeared in 1984, and, by june, 1997, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) had reported 52 documented cases of sero-conversion following occupational exposure to hiv-1 by health care workers of those cases. 47 (90.3%) were exposed to blood. the most frequent type of accident reported was percutaneous needlestick injury. prospective studies have estimated that the risk of hiv transmission following percutaneous exposure to infect ... | 2001 | 11779449 |
| [hiv and hepatitis b virus co-infection: prevalence and risk factors]. | the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis b virus and possible risk factors for this disease in 401 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, followed at the university hospital of the ribeirão preto medical school, são paulo state university. each participant was submitted to a specific questionnaire and had a blood sample tested for the serologic markers hbsag, total anti-hbcag, anti-hbsag and anti-hcv, using elisa technique. the overall prevalence of ... | 2004 | 15361955 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus in monte negro in the brazilian western amazon region. | this study was carried out in monte negro (state of rondônia), a village in the brazilian western amazon region, where a university of são paulo medical school program for medical student training in rural assistance took place. it aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus, to investigate risk factors for infection, and to evaluate the state immunization program against hepatitis b virus in the region. | 2005 | 15838578 |
| hepatitis c virus coinfection in a cohort of hiv-infected individuals from santos, brazil: seroprevalence and associated factors. | although hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection has been recognized worldwide in individuals exposed to blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases (std), limited data are available on the epidemiology of this coinfection in brazil. a cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of hcv seropositivity in a cohort of people living with hiv/aids in santos, brazil, and to investigate potential risk factors for hcv infection. anti-hcv antibodies were sought by using two immunoe ... | 2004 | 15104874 |
| [the discarding of blood units and the prevalence of infectious diseases in donors at the pro-blood foundation/blood center of são paulo, são paulo, brazil]. | to analyze the changes in the proportion of blood units discarded from 1991 through 2001 at the pro-blood foundation/blood center of são paulo (fundação pró-sangue/hemocentro de são paulo), which is the largest blood bank in latin america, and to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases among donors at the blood center in november 2001. | 2003 | 12744786 |
| predictors of hbeag status and hepatitis b viraemia in hiv-infected patients with chronic hepatitis b in the haart era in brazil. | hbv-hiv co-infection is associated with an increased liver-related morbidity and mortality. however, little is known about the natural history of chronic hepatitis b in hiv-infected individuals under highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) receiving at least one of the two drugs that also affect hbv (tdf and lam). information about hbeag status and hbv viremia in hiv/hbv co-infected patients is scarce. the objective of this study was to search for clinical and virological variables associat ... | 2011 | 21933423 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis c infection in a brazilian prison: identification of risk factors for infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) causes infectious hepatitis worldwide. it is transmitted mainly by blood products and sharing of intravenous paraphernalia during illicit drug use. high prevalence rates have been described among specific groups considered to be at higher risk for hcv infection, including prison inmates. the objectives of this study were: to determine the hcv seroprevalence among inmates of casa de detenção de são paulo; to identify risk factors for hcv infection; and to compare the serop ... | 2001 | 11506773 |
| research of antigen and antibodies from retroviruses, cmv and hbv among prisoners of the penitentiary complex of the region of campinas, sp, brazil. | some viruses of the families retroviridae, such as human t lymphotropic virus (htlv); herpesviridae as the cytomegalovirus (cmv) and hepadnaviridae such as the hepatitis b virus (hbv) are liable to be co-transmitted with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of hiv and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of campinas, sp, brazil, including hiv+ and hiv- ones, were e ... | 1998 | 9876432 |
| knowledge of and attitudes about blood-borne viruses and infection control in brazilian dental practice. | to determine whether there were any recent changes in hepatitis b immunisation of dental staff, infection control or understanding of viral infections in brazilian dentists. | 1996 | 8957936 |
| [frequency of pregnant hbsag carriers in a brazilian community]. | in view of the benefits of immunoprophylaxis among newborns of mothers who are seropositive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag), these women must be correctly identified so that this measure can be instituted in brazil. the research reported here studied 7992 women who gave birth in the hospital das clínicas of the ribeirão preto school of medicine, university of são paulo (hcfmrp-usp), brazil, in order to determine the rate of serum reactivity of hbsag and other markers of hbv i ... | 1996 | 8694988 |
| [serological evaluation for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and for hepatitis b (hbv) among candidates who have passed the admission tests at a hospital institution in são paulo]. | health professionals (hp) are frequently exposed to accidents with materials contaminated with blood and/or body fluids, thus representing a population at risk for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). purpose--to determine the prevalence of hiv and hbv infection among hp admitted to the university hospital, faculty of medicine, university of são paulo (uh-fmusp), and to identify the possible sources of contamination. methods--a total of 345 hp who se ... | 1995 | 8520597 |
| [post-transfusional hepatitis in the city of campinas, sp, brazil. i. incidence, etiological agents and clinico-epidemiological aspects of hepatitis c]. | we have followed up 111 transfusion receptors in the ambulatory, for at least 180 days, in order to evaluate the occurrence of post-transfusional hepatitis and the etiological agents involved in the disease in the city of campinas, state of são paulo, brazil. at the end of the study we have diagnosed this hepatitis in 18 (16.2%) subjects. out of these 18 subjects, 16 (89%) were caused by hepatitis c virus, 1 (5.5%) caused by hepatitis b virus and 1 (5.5%) with undetermined etiology, 15 months af ... | 1993 | 7506446 |
| hepatitis b virus infection in hemodialysis units: clinical features, epidemiological markers and general control measures. | 1. a total of 140 patients and 41 staff members were submitted to periodic testing for hbsag from january 1979 to december 1984 at the hemodialysis unit of the university hospital, faculty of medicine of ribeirão preto, university of são paulo. twenty-two hbsag-positive subjects were detected during this period, 15 of whom had acquired the hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the unit (10 patients and 5 staff-members). 2. hbv prevalence was not uniform throughout the period of study, with an increase of h ... | 1986 | 3651627 |
| relationship between the prevalence of antibodies to arbovirus and hepatitis b virus in the vale do ribeira region, brazil. | 280 students, between 6 and 14 years old, residents in the iguape county, southern coast of the state of são paulo, were studied in order to identify the existence of a possible association between the prevalence of specific antibodies to the hepatitis b virus and the exposure to haematophagous mosquitoes, evaluated indirectly through the prevalence of antibodies to 17 arboviruses isolated in brazil. the children were from 4 areas with different topographical characteristics: 89 of the children ... | 1989 | 2574904 |
| seropositivity to chlamydia trachomatis in prostitutes: relationship to other sexually transmitted diseases (stds). | the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and its relationship with other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) was investigated by serological determinations in a group of 45 women working as prostitutes in santos, state of são paulo. seropositivity to hiv-1 was demonstrated in 4 (9%) of the cases and to hiv-2 in one case. syphilis and hepatitis b were detected in 29% and 43% of the 45 women, respectively. specific antibodies to c. trachomatis were found in all subjects. the high seroprevalence of ... | 1990 | 2101095 |
| relationship between the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen and arbovirus in fishermen from the ribeira valley, brazil. | sera from 299 fishermen 16 to 80 years old, residents in cananeia and iguape counties, southern cost of são paulo state, brazil, were studied in order to identify a possible association between the prevalence of specific antibodies to the hepatitis b virus (hbv) and exposure to haematophagus mosquitoes evaluated by the prevalence of arbovirus antibodies. this professional group presented the highest prevalence of arbovirus antibodies (54.1%) in past investigations carried out in this heavily for ... | 1990 | 1983738 |
| number of recent sexual partners among blood donors in brazil: associations with donor demographics, donation characteristics, and infectious disease markers. | background: brazilian blood centers ask candidate blood donors about the number of sexual partners in the past 12 months. candidates who report a number over the limit are deferred. we studied the implications of this practice on blood safety. study design and methods: we analyzed demographic characteristics, number of heterosexual partners, and disease marker rates among 689,868 donations from three brazilian centers between july 2007 and december 2009. donors were grouped based on maximum numb ... | 2011 | 21756264 |
| hepatitis b genotype g and high frequency of lamivudine-resistance mutations among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis b virus co-infected patients in brazil. | in this study, we evaluated the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype distribution and hbv genomic mutations among a group of human immunodeficiency virus-hbv co-infected patients from an aids outpatient clinic in são paulo. hbv serological markers were detected by commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. hbv dna was detected using in-house nested polymerase chain reaction and quantified by cobas amplicor. hbv genotypes and mutations in the basal core promoter (bcp)/pre-core/core regions and s ... | 2010 | 20944991 |
| hbv markers in haemodialysis brazilian patients: a prospective 12-month follow-up. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the incidence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) among haemodialysis (hd) subjects and to evaluate whether testing for serological markers at the time of admission is suitable for hbv screening in this population. one hundred twenty-three patients belonging to two hd centres from são paulo, brazil, were tested prospectively. hbv dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in each of the prospective subjects (n = 123) during one year. addi ... | 2010 | 20209339 |
| seroprevalence of hbv, hcv and hiv co-infection in selected individuals from state of são paulo, brazil. | few studies are available on hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co-infection in populations living in small and medium-sized brazilian cities. we evaluated the seroprevalence of these viruses in selected individuals from a clinic of infectology, who were referred to the university regional hospital of the west region of state of são paulo, brazil. among a total of 7,021 individuals seen in the clinic following receipt of preliminary elisa resu ... | 2009 | 20027460 |
| distribution of hepatitis b virus genotypes and viral load levels in brazilian chronically infected patients in são paulo city. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the serum viral load in chronically infected hepatitis b virus (hbv) patients and to investigate the distribution of hbv genotypes in são paulo city. quantitative hbv-dna assays and hbv genotyping have gained importance for predicting hbv disease progression, have been employed for assessing infectivity, for treatment monitoring and for detecting the emergence of drug resistance. twenty-nine brazilian patients with suspected chronic hepatitis b ... | 2009 | 19893979 |
| [prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the cities of ribeirão preto and são paulo]. | the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the state of são paulo, brazil. we evaluated 319 individuals infected with hiv type 1 who were attended at specialized clinics in two cities (ribeirão preto and são paulo). the patients were interviewed and tested for antibodies against htlv types 1 and 2 (orthoâ htlv-1/htlv-2 ab-capture enzyme immunoassay). direct dna sequen ... | 2009 | 19684973 |
| high human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) prevalence, clinical correlates and high incidence among recently hiv-1-infected subjects in sao paulo, brazil. | background: human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the etiological agent for kaposi sarcoma, which occurs especially in hiv-infected subjects. hhv-8 infection and its clinical correlates have not been well characterized in recently hiv-1-infected subjects, especially men who have sex with men (msm). methodology/ principal findings: we assessed the hhv-8 seroprevalence, clinical correlates, and incidence after one year of follow-up in a cohort of 228 recently hiv-1-infected individuals, of whom 83.6% wer ... | 2009 | 19479040 |
| low occurrence of occult hepatitis b virus infection and high frequency of hepatitis c virus genotype 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma in brazil. | occult hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection has been reported among patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). our aim was to evaluate the presence of occult hbv infection in patients with hcv-related liver cirrhosis (lc) with or without hcc in são paulo, brazil. serum and liver tissue samples from 50 hepatitis b surface antigen-negative patients with hcv-related lc who underwent liver transplantation at the university of são paulo school of medicine hospita ... | 2008 | 18097499 |
| [hiv infection, hepatitis b and c and syphilis in homeless people, in the city of são paulo, brazil]. | to estimate the prevalence of hiv infections, as well as hepatitis b and c and syphilis viruses in homeless people. | 2007 | 18094786 |
| hepatitis b virus genotype e detected in brazil in an african patient who is a frequent traveler. | genotype e of hepatitis b virus (hbv) has not been described in brazil and is found mainly in africa. genotype a is the most prevalent in brazil, and genotypes b, c, d, and f have already been reported. we report here an hbv genotype e-infected patient and some characterization of surface (s) protein, dna polymerase (p) and precore/core (prec/c) coding regions based on the viral genome. the patient is a 31-year-old black man with chronic hepatitis b who was born and raised in angola. he has been ... | 2007 | 17934636 |
| risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among blood donors in sao paulo, brazil, and their relevance to current donor deferral criteria. | the objective of this study was to investigate risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive blood donors in brazil and to determine if current donor deferral criteria are appropriate. | 2007 | 17381618 |
| absence of hepatitis b virus dna in patients with hepatitis c and non-a-e hepatitis in the state of são paulo, brazil. | occult hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection has been reported as cases in which hbv dna was detected despite the absence of any hbv serological markers or in cases in which anti-hbc antibody was the sole marker. the aim of the present study was to determine, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), whether hbv infection occurs in hepatitis c and non-a-e hepatitis patients without serological evidence of hepatitis b infection in sao paulo state. two different populations were analyzed: 1) non-a-e ... | 2004 | 15517082 |
| hepatitis delta in hiv/hbv co-infected patients in brazil: is it important? | this study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/hepatitis b virus (hbv) co-infected patients from são paulo, in the southeast region of brazil. | 2011 | 21999909 |
| searching for chronic hepatitis b patients in a low prevalence area--role of racial origin. | clinical studies for testing new drugs against hepatitis b ought to be carried out in low prevalence areas despite difficulties on patient recruitment. in such areas, relatives of chronic hepatitis b patients are considered to be at risk of acquiring the hepatitis b virus (hbv). the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hbv markers (anti-hbc, hbsag and anti-hbs) in familial members of chronic hepatitis b (chb) patients according to their origin (asian or western) in a low prevalenc ... | 2004 | 15084223 |