Publications

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composition of some urinary calculi of ruminants in western australia.forty ruminant urinary calculi, selected as being essentially inorganic and mainly obtained from sheep grazing in the drier wheatbelt areas of western australia, were examined by optical and x-ray diffraction techniques. four mineral types-silica (sio2-nh2o), weddellite (cac2o4-2h2o), calcite (caco3) and aragonite (caco3)--were found. these minerals were present respectively in 30, 17, 13 and 1 of the 40 calculi examined and were the sole component in 12, 0, 7, and 0 calculi. one calculus was fo ...1976193170
evaluation of mastitis control programs. 1977326740
the prevalence of sarcosporidiosis in australian meat animals.the prevalence of sarcocystis infectious in tasmanian sheep, cattle and pigs was assessed during february 1974. serological results indicated that over 90% of sheep and cattle were infected. macroscopic sarcocysts were found in 0.6% of lambs, 8.8% of 2- to 6-tooth (1 to 4 years old) sheep and 66% of full-mouth (4 years and older) sheep. the minimum prevalence in pigs, as determined by microscopic examination of muscle tissues, was 1.4% for animals less than 12 months old and 16.7% for animals ol ...1975812465
polioencephalomalacia of sheep and cattle.polioencephalomalacia was confirmed histologically in western australia in sheep from 100 farms and cattle from 14 farms during the period 1965 to 1974. the condition affected sheep and cattle in good physical condition of all ages, throughout the year. mortality rates in sheep flocks ranged from less than 1% to in excess of 10% and occurred under a number of management systems.1977849216
pulmonary diseases of cattle in the kimberley district of western australia.a survey of pulmonary disease in cattle slaughtered in the kimberley district of western australia, incidental to the monitoring of lungs for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp), was initiated in 1969. the results of the first 3 years are reported and indicate the complete absence of cbpp, the occurrence of actinobacillosis as the most common pulmonary lesion, the existence of phycomycosis in a few lungs each year, the frequent presence of subacute and chronic bronchopneumonias and intersti ...1976962735
bronchopneumonia in calves in western australia associated with actinobacillus actinoides. 1976985228
congenital bovine epizootic arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in australia. distribution of antibodies to akabane virus in australian cattle after the 1974 epizootic.at the end of the 1974 epizootic of bovine congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in south-eastern new south wales, an australia-wide serological survey (about 4,000 serums) was made to determine the ditribution of cattle possessing serum neutralising antibodies against akabane virus. eighty per cent of the serums from cattle in northern australia (western australia, northern territory, and queensland) were positive. a detailed study in the epizootic area in new south wales (particularly ...19761016149
ord river arboviruses--serological epidemiology.this paper presents the results of haemagglutination-inhibition tests carried out on sera from 441 persons, 1,080 cattle and 335 birds in the kimberley area. two alphaviruses (group a) (ross river and sindbis) and one flavivirus (murray valley encephalitis) were used for the preparation of haemagglutinins in the haemagglutination-inhibition tests. the tests showed a high percentage of antibody of murray valley encephalitis in humans, birds and cattle, with an obvious focus of infection in the st ...19761021093
wimmera rye grass toxicity in western australia.outbreaks of wimmera rye grass toxicity in the south-west of western australia, and the associated distribution of wimmera rye grass parasitised by anguina sp and corynebacterium sp were investigated. between 1970 and 1974, 58 outbreaks occurred on 26 farms in sheep and cattle grazing pasture, cereal crop, stubble, screenings, or hay containing parasitised wimmera rye grass. morbidity rates up to 77% were observed. clinical signs were characterised by staggering, collapse, periods of convulsions ...19751220656
sarcocystis spp in western australian cattle. 19921530561
the epidemiology of sarcocystis spp. in cattle of western australia.oesophagus samples from 714 cattle from western australia were examined by artificial digestion to detect the presence of sarcocystis spp. the overall prevalence of infection was 52%. the prevalence of infection increased with age and was highest in the entire males (92%). the prevalence was lower in cattle which originated from arid and semiarid regions (9 and 31% respectively) than those from tropical (87%) and temperate (60%) regions. possible reasons for these differences are discussed and i ...19921547831
a congenital haemolytic anaemia and jaundice of murray grey calves. 19921632732
maple syrup urine disease in poll shorthorn calves. 19921642599
hyperthermia and death in feedlot cattle associated with the ingestion of claviceps purpurea. 19912043090
ddt concentrations in cattle grazing irrigated pastures in the ord river irrigation area in western australia. 19902085305
sarcocystis in murray grey stock cattle introduced from australia. 19902118201
detection of dna of human papillomavirus types 6/11 and 16/18 in cell scrapings of the uterine cervix by filter in situ hybridisation. correlation with cytology, colposcopy and histology.the application of filter in situ hybridisation (fish) to detect the presence of the dna of human papillomavirus genotypes 6/11 and/or 16/18 in cell scrapings of the uterine cervix of 248 women in western australia is described. the results obtained by fish are related to cervical dysplasia as assessed by cytology, colposcopy and histology. the detection of hpv infection was more sensitive and specific by fish than by either histological/cytological evidence of an hpv cytopathic effect (koilocyt ...19872826222
bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer and related viruses: current situation in australia.since 1975 3 serotypes of bluetongue (bt) virus (btv) have been identified in australia: btv1 (csiro156), btv20 (csiro19) and btv21. at present 2 further bt viruses (dpp90 and dpp192) have been isolated from the blood of healthy cattle in the northern territory (nt) and are undergoing identification. there is serological evidence for btv15 infection in western australia (wa) and the nt, and a background level of serological activity to btv serotypes 1 to 17. in addition, over 50 isolations of ep ...19852989863
experimental infection with murray valley encephalitis virus. pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs, rabbits, macropods and chickens.a total of 142 young animals including 10 domestic and 14 feral pigs, 12 hereford calves, 12 crossbred and 24 merino lambs, 11 dogs, 8 domestic and 16 feral rabbits, 14 grey kangaroos, 9 agile wallabies and 12 chickens was exposed to infection with 4 strains of murray valley encephalitis virus (mve), mainly using orally infected culex annulirostris mosquitoes. in terms of their viraemic response, the animals were grouped into high (grey kangaroos, rabbits), moderate (pigs, dogs, chickens) and lo ...19852990398
epidemiology of bovine ephemeral fever in australia 1981-1985.bovine ephemeral fever is an important viral disease of cattle in australia. the disease occurred each year, principally in summer and autumn, between 1981 and 1985. queensland and the northern half of new south wales were areas of greatest activity with only sporadic cases being reported from the northern territory and the northern third of western australia. since 1981, the disease has been endemic in an extensive area of eastern australia and has tended to occur in widely scattered outbreaks ...19873662967
the distribution and prevalence of stephanofilariasis in cattle in queensland.a total of 10,543 cattle from 1,386 farms throughout queensland was examined at abattoirs and the presence of stephanofilarial lesions was related to property of origin, sex, breed, and age of the slaughtered cattle and season of slaughter. the mean prevalence was 38% and within the infected area this varied from less than 5% in south east queensland to 95% on cape york peninsula. the prevalence of lesions was higher in bulls than in steers [corrected] and was least in cows [corrected]. bos indi ...19863741275
discovery of the tick haemaphysalis longicornis in western australia. 19854062732
studies of the epidemiology of arthropod-borne virus infections at mitchell river mission, cape york peninsula, north queensland. iv. arbovirus infections of mosquitoes and mammals, 1967-1969. 19714398589
letter: kikuyu poisoning of cattle in western australia. 19744419978
calicophoron calicophorum (trematoda: paramphistomatidae) and paramphistomiasis in domestic cattle in the east kimberley district of western australia. 19734802415
the immune response to viruses in calves. i. response to murray valley encephalitis virus. 19685245225
thelazia in a cow in western australia. 19705464839
drought in south western australia. 19705533343
incidence of the serotypes of mycobacerium avium and atypical mycobacteria in human and animal diseases. 19685638077
preliminary observations on the productivity of female cattle in the kimberley region of north-western australia. 19685678290
the endoparasite burden of cattle in the kimberley region of north-western australia. 19695816698
isolation of arboviruses from insects collected at beatrice hill, northern territory of australia, 1974-1976.between october 1974 and may 1976, 57 596 mosquitoes, 169 957 culicoides, 5923 lasiohelea and 1043 phlebotomines were collected for virus isolation at beatrice hill (lat. 12 degrees 39's.,long. 131 degrees 20'e.) in the northern territory of australia. a total of 94 viruses belonging to 22 different serological groupings was isolated. the following species of insect yielded viruses which were identified and those viruses marked with an asterisk represent a new record of insect host: culex annuli ...19846152599
towards prediction and surveillance of murray valley encephalitis activity in australia.current practices for early warning of activity of murray valley encephalitis and other medically-important arboviruses are reviewed with view to improvement. data from previous papers on culex annulirostris populations, environmental factors and virus infection rates were reanalysed and the results considered as a basis for prediction and surveillance. this goal will only be achieved with improved national cooperation, a better epidemiological understanding and greater knowledge of the bionomic ...19806255919
a serological survey for bluetongue virus antibody in western australia.a serological survey was carried out to detect specific (serotype 20) and a group bluetongue virus antibody in cattle and sheep serums collected in western australia during the period january 1 1978 to june 30 1979. of 18,849 cattle serums examined by the gel diffusion precipitin test (gdpt), 9.7% were positive and 6.1% gave doubtful results. all 1949 sheep serums tested were negative. precipitin antibody was demonstrated in 22.5% of serums from kimberley cattle and 3.6% of cattle serums from th ...19806261730
antibody to more than one bluetongue virus serotype in western australia. 19816282246
serological studies of australian and papua new guinean cattle and australian sheep for the presence of antibodies against bluetongue group viruses.following isolation of a virus (csiro19) from insects in australia and its identification as bluetongue virus serotype 20 (btv20), a nationwide survey of antibodies in cattle and sheep sera was undertaken. initial studies using the serum neutralization (sn) test showed that the distribution of btv20 antibodies in cattle was confined to the northern part of australia. group-reactive antibody tests (agar gel diffusion precipitin, agdp, and complement-fixation, cf) showed group-reactive cattle sera ...19836306901
applied serology in the latter stages of the eradication of bovine brucellosis.late in the program to eradicate bovine brucellosis from western australia, rose bengal test (rbt) and complement fixation test (cft) results on the serums from 2,307 cattle (from herds where infection was still present after a minimum of 3 complete herd tests) showed that 327 were positive in the cft and 246 were positive in the rbt (p less than 0.001). subsequent testing by the rbt, cft and the indirect haemolysis test (ihlt) of 722 serums from cattle slaughtered as part of infected herds show ...19836416247
observations on spiral deviation of the penis in beef bulls.premature spiral deviation of the penis was investigated in 1083 british breed beef bulls in 42 herds in victoria (35) and western australia (7) by means of the serving capacity test. the herd prevalence was 60%. the prevalence of the defect at the initial test for all bulls was 10%. the prevalence in 635 polled bulls was 16% compared to a prevalence of 1% in 448 horned bulls. the breed prevalence and the number of bulls tested per breed was red poll 27% (15), murray grey 25% (4), poll shorthorn ...19846540082
zoophilic dermatophytes and their natural hosts in western australia.zoophilic dermatophytes were a common source of both human and animal ringworm infections in western australia. microsporum canis was the chief aetiologic agent of infections in kittens and children. trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated from domestic pets, farm animals, laboratory animals and wild animals as well as humans. t. verrucosum was a less frequent cause of infection in both man and animals. other zoophilic species isolated included m. gypseum, m. nanum and t. equinum var. autotroph ...19807207348
an evaluation of lupinosis in cattle in western australia.a retrospective study of cases of bovine lupinosis submitted to this laboratory, and a trial in which 3 cows, 3 steers and 3 heifers were grazed together on toxic lupin stubbles, were carried out to determine further knowledge of this disease. it was found that what is presently recognised as bovine lupinosis can be divided into 2 distinct entities on the basis of liver pathology. firstly, a fatty liver syndrome, which accounted for most outbreaks of the disease and most deaths, affected late-pr ...19817295236
genetic characterization of isolates of giardia duodenalis by enzyme electrophoresis: implications for reproductive biology, population structure, taxonomy, and epidemiology.the nature and extent of genetic variation in giardia was used to infer its mode of reproduction, population structure, taxonomy, and zoonotic potential. ninety-seven isolates of giardia duodenalis, from a defined area in western australia and throughout australia and overseas, were obtained from humans, cats, cattle, sheep, dogs, goat, beaver, and rats. enzyme electrophoresis revealed extensive genetic variation with 47 different zymodemes. the widespread occurrence of certain zymodemes and the ...19957776122
characterisation of australian ovine adenovirus isolates.we have characterised two groups of adenoviruses isolated from sheep in australia. restriction endonuclease maps for enzymes bamhi, clai, sali, smai and sphi have been determined for the genome of ovine adenoviruses related to bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (bav 7) from sheep in western australia. although previously serotyped as bav 7 these isolates are different from bovine isolates of bav 7 based on comparison with published restriction endonuclease profiles and maps of bav 7 cattle isolates. a ...19947975153
diagnosis of botulism in cattle using elisa to detect antibody to botulinum toxins. 19938216086
suppurative otitis in cattle associated with ear mites (raillietia auris). 19938240177
sampling ryegrass to assess the risk of annual ryegrass toxicity.most stock losses caused by annual ryegrass toxicity occur because stockowners unknowingly allow their stock to graze annual ryegrass (lolium rigidum) infected with the bacterium clavibacter toxicus. to help stockowners avoid losses we have developed criteria for a testing service to determine the risk of poisoning before the pasture is grazed. low, medium and high risk categories were selected using samples of dry, mature ryegrass seedheads collected by stockowners from untreated, infected past ...19938368964
mycobacterium bovis infection in a goat. 19938368969
background soil concentrations of phenolic compounds, chlorinated herbicides, pcdds and pcdfs in the melbourne metropolitan area.during june and july 1990, surface soil samples were taken in the melbourne metropolitan area and analysed for phenolic compounds, chlorinated herbicides, polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated furans (pcdfs). a surface soil sample from a werribee farm treatment complex paddock, where cattle graze on land that is used for filtration of sewage, was also taken and analysed. no phenolic compounds or chlorinated herbicides were detected at the parts per billion detection li ...19938399710
a survey for mycoplasmas in bulk-tank milk of dairy herds in western australia. 19938460984
epidemiology of ostertagia ostertagi in weaner-yearling cattle.epidemiologic events in the life cycle of ostertagia ostertagi are best known in the weaner-yearling phase of cattle development throughout the concentrated cattle-rising areas of the world. animal and pasture management demands placed on this age class are greater than for suckling calves and adult stock in either beef or dairy breeds. this fact alone would likely account for a higher prevalence of clinical and subclinical disease in weaner-yearlings. additionally, the developing immune respons ...19938484223
vetch toxicosis in cattle grazing vicia villosa ssp dasycarpa and v benghalensis.the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of a disease syndrome in adult cattle grazing woolly-pod vetch (vicia villosa ssp dasycarpa) or popany vetch (v benghalensis) are reported. outbreaks of toxicosis occurred between midwinter and midsummer in 3 dairy and 6 beef herds on the north coast of new south wales, between 1982 and 1992. friesian, angus, murray grey, guernsey and hereford breeds were affected. mean morbidity and case fatality rates in affected herds were 7% (65 of 889) ...19938494523
black soil blindness: a new mycotoxicosis of cattle grazing corallocytostroma-infected mitchell grass (astrebla spp).a new, fatal mycotoxicosis of cattle has been recognised in north-western australia. a feeding trial confirmed the toxicity of a previously unknown species of corallocytostroma that grows on mitchell grass (astrebla spp). the disease has been colloquially named 'black soil blindness' because its most prominent features are its confinement to pastures on black soil, and blindness and death of affected animals. over 500 cattle have died and considerable subclinical disease in present. above averag ...19968660198
estimating deaths in breeder-age female cattle in the kimberley region of western australia. 19968660231
testing for undesirable traits in cattle: an australian perspective.a variety of autosomal recessive defects, many lethal to the newborn calf, have been recognized in australia. definition of a defect at the biochemical or molecular level facilitates development of heterozygote detection tests essential for efficient disease control programs. the prevalence of alpha-mannosidosis in angus and murray greys, generalized glycogenosis in brahmans and shorthorns, and citrullinemia in holstein/friesians has been reduced as a result of industry-sponsored disease-control ...19968728015
the geographic distribution of hydatid infection in cattle in western australia. 19958929193
continued freedom from bluetongue virus infection in cattle and sheep in western australia south of latitude 26 degrees s. 19968937679
anthrax in cattle in southern western australia. 19968941423
introduction into japan of pathogenic yersinia through imported pork, beef and fowl.yersinia was isolated from imported raw meat and fowl products by hela cell treatment and conventional koh-treatment, to obtain information on the origin of pathogenic yersinia in japan. forty-one strains of yersinia enterocolitica and one strain of yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serotype 4b were isolated from 38 (3.0%) of 1278 samples of pork, two (0.3%) of 612 samples of beef and two (0.3%) of 615 samples of chicken. y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to b:4/o:3 (biotype/serotype, 15 strains), ...19979105929
sensitivities and specificities of two elisa tests for detecting infection with sarcocystis in cattle of western australia.the accuracies of two elisas, one using antigen from merozoites of s. cruzi grown in vitro and the other using antigen from cystozoites of s. cruzi, for detecting infection of cattle with sarcocystis, were evaluated by testing the sera of 303 cattle from 36 western australian herds. the results were compared with those obtained by digestion of oesophageal samples collected from the same animals. a similar proportion of infected animals were detected by the three methods. the sensitivity of the a ...19979361318
differentiation of australian isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.to examine strain variation amongst australian isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.19979469224
molecular heterogeneity for bovine alpha-mannosidosis: pcr based assays for detection of breed-specific mutations.dna tests, based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), were developed for the detection of two breed-specific mutations responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder bovine alpha-mannosidosis. the tests involve separate amplification of two exons of the lysosomal alpha-mannosidase gene followed by restriction enzyme digestion of the amplicons. we demonstrate that one of the mutations, the 662g-->a transition, is responsible for alpha-mannosidosis in galloway cattle. the other mutation, the ...19979491457
molybdenum poisoning in feedlot cattle.to describe a case of acute, fatal molybdenum poisoning in feedlot cattle. description of the herd: in total, 831 hereford, hereford x angus, and hereford x simmental steers, aged 8 to 10 months, with an average body weight of 310 kg were fed a diet, to which sodium molybdate at a rate of 1.9% of the total ration had been accidently added.19989631705
morphological and genetic characterisation of cryptosporidium oocysts from domestic cats.faecal samples were collected from domestic cats in the metropolitan area of the city of perth, western australia, and screened for the presence of cryptosporidium by both microscopy and pcr. of 162 samples screened, two were positive for cryptosporidium (a prevalence of 1.2%). sample ct33 was from an 18-month-old female and sample ct131 from a 12-month-old female. morphological studies revealed oocysts with an average size of 4.6 x 4.0 microm, smaller in size than isolates typically seen in hum ...19989763312
evidence for freedom from johne's disease in cattle and goats in western australia. 19989791716
molecular and biological characterisation of cryptosporidium in pigs.genetic and biological characterisation of 12 isolates of cryptosporidium from pigs and comparing them with cryptosporidium isolates from humans and cattle.199910028394
comparison of serological tests and faecal culture for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and analysis of the antigens involved.three hundred and forty-one sera from cattle in western australia and 106 sera from mycobacterium paratuberculosis faecal culture positive cattle were used to evaluate the performance of two absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) (one locally produced, the other a commercial test) and a complement fixation test (cft) for the detection of johne's disease in cattle. the diagnostic sensitivity (47.2%) of the local elisa was significantly higher than that of the commercial elisa (31.1%) ...199910227475
serological evidence of an australian bovine lentivirus.recombinant 26 kda capsid (ca) proteins of bovine lentiviruses, bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) and jembrana disease virus (jdv), were expressed in escherichia coli and utilised as antigens for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a western immunoblot (wib) procedure for the detection of antibody in dairy cattle in western australia. a total of 690 serum samples, 30 from each of 23 farms, were tested by elisa with a jdv ca protein antigen, and antibody was detected in 3.8% (p<0.0 ...199910501174
the epidemiology of melioidosis in australia and papua new guinea.melioidosis was first described in australia in an outbreak in sheep in 1949 in north queensland (22 degrees s). human melioidosis was first described from townsville (19 degrees s) in 1950. melioidosis is hyperendemic in the top end of the northern territory (nt) and as in parts of northeastern thailand it is the commonest cause of fatal community-acquired septicemic pneumonia. in the 9 years since 1989 the prospective nt melioidosis study at royal darwin hospital (12 degrees s) has documented ...200010674639
animal melioidosis in australia.melioidosis was first diagnosed in australia in sheep in 1949. while it has been considered endemic in tropical australia, there have been animal outbreaks in southwest western australia and southern queensland. infection occurs in many species, with both latency and a wide range of clinical manifestations. some species may develop melioidosis only if immunocompromised. sheep and goats are particularly susceptible, resulting in the requirement for pasteurisation of tropical commercial goat's mil ...200010674644
using genetics to control cattle parasites-the rockhampton experience.ever since their accidental introduction, cattle ticks, gastrointestinal nematodes and buffalo flies have been major parasites of cattle in northern australia. enormous effort and resources have been directed at chemical control of these parasites but the problem persists in undiminished form. the principal control measure remains the use of breeds that have some degree of parasite resistance. no breed is completely resistant and all are at times adversely affected by parasites. complete resista ...200010719118
prevalence and genotypic characterisation of giardia in dairy calves from western australia and western canada.in this study, the prevalence of giardia duodenalis infections was determined in western canadian and western australian dairy calves. faecal samples were collected from holstein calves located on a commercial dairy near lethbridge, alta., canada (n=28) and from calves located on two commercial dairies located near perth, wa, australia (n=36). faecal samples were examined for the presence of giardia cysts using sucrose gradient centrifugation, followed by immunofluoresence microscopy. dna was th ...200010841999
bull selection and use in northern australia. 1. physical traits.a systematic breeding soundness examination, including assessment of serving capacity was conducted on 5/8 brahman, brahman and belmont red bulls, most aged 2-4 years, at 12 different cattle properties across northern australia. a subset of bulls (n=235) were subsequently mated in various groups, as multiple-sires, to cows and heifers at bull:female ratios of 2.5-6%. the number of calves sired by individual bulls (calf output) was determined by dna typing for paternity. overall, the incidence of ...200211988369
bull selection and use in northern australia. 3. serving capacity tests.serving capacity studies were conducted on santa gertrudis, 5/8 brahman, brahman and belmont red bulls at 10 sites. modifications, such as providing prior sexual experience, using females in oestrus and comparing restrained with unrestrained females, were made to the standard bos taurus serving capacity test in a series of experiments with santa gertrudis bulls. providing sexual experience to virgin bulls prior to testing improved the number of serves and libido scores in a serving capacity test ...200211988371
an estimate of specificity for a johne's disease absorbed elisa in northern australian cattle.to estimate the specificity of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for johne's disease (jd) when used in mature cattle populations resident in northern australia.200212180881
arsenic in australian environment: an overview.the most common source of elevated as concentrations in the australian environment are attributable to anthropogenic activities. mining activities have contributed to the contamination of soil and water primarily in western australia and victoria. however, other anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, forestry and industry have also contaminated soil and water at a localized scale. currently there are over 1000 as contaminated sites previously used as cattle dips for eradicating cattle tic ...200312635829
epidemiology of leukaemia. 196414165421
staphylococci in secretions from the bovine udder in western australia. 196514282008
bovine mastitis control in western australia. 196514300735
specificity of absorbed elisa and agar gel immuno-diffusion tests for paratuberculosis in goats with observations about use of these tests in infected goats.to determine the specificity of serological tests that are currently used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories in australia for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in goats.200315084016
rinderpest. 200315084026
molecular epidemiology of giardia and cryptosporidium infections in dairy calves originating from three sources in western australia.a longitudinal study was undertaken to determine the spread of naturally acquired giardia and cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in western australia. samples were collected weekly from birth to weaning, and only calves that were sampled four or more times were included in the analysis. it was found that calves rapidly acquire infections with cryptosporidium parvum and giardia, with cryptosporidium being the first to appear within 1-3 weeks after birth whereas giardia was most prevalent in calves 4 ...200415265565
cryptosporidium suis n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (sus scrofa).molecular and biological characteristics of a new species of cryptosporidium from the feces of pigs (sus scrofa) is described. oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of cryptosporidium parvum; they are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.9-4.4 microm (mean = 4.6 microm) x 4.0-4.3 microm (mean = 4.2 microm); length to width ratio 1.1 (n = 50). cryptosporidium suis is not transmissible to nude mice and is poorly infectious for cattle. molecular and phylogenetic a ...200415357067
microbial degradation of the organophosphate pesticide, ethion.the organophosphate pesticide, ethion, remains a major environmental contaminant in rural australia and poses a significant threat to environmental and public health. the aerobic degradation of ethion by mesophilic bacteria isolated from contaminated soils surrounding disused cattle dip sites was investigated. two isolates, identified as pseudomonas and azospirillum species, were capable of biodegrading ethion when cultivated in minimal salts medium. the abiotic hydrolytic degradation products o ...200415500978
epidemiology of leptospira weilii serovar topaz infections in australia.leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. leptospira weilii serovar (sv.) topaz is a newly described serovar first isolated in the far north of queensland, australia. the epidemiology of l. weilii sv. topaz infections in australia was characterised through the use of surveillance questionnaires and molecular studies. there have been 24 human and 2 animal (bovine and bandicoot) l. weilii sv. topaz infections diagnosed since 1991. the majority of these infections have occu ...200717724998
prevalence of cryptosporidium and giardia species in animals in irrigation catchments in the southwest of australia.screening of 445 animal faecal samples in irrigation catchments in western australia (wa) was conducted to identify the prevalence of cryptosporidium and giardia species. of the samples positive for giardia duodenalis, 30.7% (12/36) were the zoonotic assemblage a, while approximately 13% (4/30) of cryptosporidium positives were zoonotic. this is the first finding of giardia assemblage a in native marsupials and birds and indicates that marsupials and possibly birds may potentially be a reservoir ...200818068157
current value of historical and ongoing surveillance for disease freedom: surveillance for bovine johne's disease in western australia.'confidence' in freedom from disease is generally derived from multiple sources of varied surveillance information, and typically this surveillance evidence has been accumulated over time. in the state of western australia (wa) the main surveillance evidence supporting free zone status in the national bovine johne's disease (bjd) program comprises periodic surveys and the ongoing clinical diagnostic system. this paper illustrates a simple approach to current valuation of historical surveillance ...200818243373
rural veterinary services in western australia: part a. government veterinary services.to determine the status of rural veterinary services in western australia.200818271816
genotype by environment interaction for fertility, survival, and milk production traits in australian dairy cattle.the existence of a genotype x environment interaction (g x e) for fertility traits, survival, and milk yield traits was examined by considering performance recorded in different calving systems (seasonal, split, and year round) or regions as different traits. for fertility traits and survival, g x e were also investigated by applying a random regression model using continuous environmental variables, such as level of herd milk production, temperature-humidity index, and herd size as environmenta ...200819038960
estimated intakes of meat and fish by children and adolescents in australia and comparison with recommendations.long-chain n-3 pufa are considered important for cardiovascular health and brain development. meat other than fish contributes significantly to total intakes of long-chain n-3 pufa in adults; however, there are limited published data examining the intake of individual meat sources in children and adolescents in the australian population. a review of literature was conducted using pubmed, agricola and cab abstracts using the terms 'intake', 'beef', 'lamb', 'pork', 'poultry', 'fish', 'children' an ...200919055853
rickettsioses in australia.the rickettsial diseases of australia are described in their chronological order of discovery. the include epidemic typhus (r. prowazekii); murine typhus (r. typhi) found australia-wide; scrub typhus (o. tsutsugamushi) only in tropical, northen australia; q. fever (c. burnetti) found australia-wide; queensland tick typhus (r. australis) along the east coast of australia; flinders island spotted fever (r. honei) in southeast australia; variant flinders island spotted fever (r. honei, strain "marm ...200919538275
bovine myofiber characteristics are influenced by postweaning nutrition.this study determined the extent to which bovine longissimus lumborum muscle (llm) myofibers are influenced by nutrition for 120 d from weaning and the time-course of recovery after severe postweaning nutritional restriction. after weaning, 3 groups of belmont red cattle, a tropically adapted breed, were fed to achieve rapid growth (rg, > or =0.6 kg of bw gain/d; n = 16), slow growth (sg, 0.2 kg of bw gain/d; n = 17), or bw loss (wl, 10% loss of weaning weight; n = 17) over 120 d. they were then ...200919542515
determination of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bloodmeal sources in western australia: implications for arbovirus transmission.a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the bloodmeal sources of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected in encephalitis vector surveillance mosquito traps in western australia between may 1993 and august 2004. in total, 2,606 blood-fed mosquitoes, representing 29 mosquito species, were tested, and 81.7% reacted with one or more of the primary antibodies. aedes camptorhynchus (thomson) and culex annulirostris skuse were the most common species tested, ma ...200919769051
a survey of western australian sheep, cattle and kangaroos to determine the prevalence of coxiella burnetii.the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of coxiella burnetii in two domestic ruminant species (cattle and sheep) and the western grey kangaroo (macropus fuliginosus) in western australia (wa). the idexx chekit q fever elisa and cft were used to test sera from 50 sheep and 329 head of cattle for anti-c. burnetii antibodies and 343 kangaroo sera were tested using an indirect elisa developed specifically for this study. faecal or urine samples collected from the same animals w ...201020036083
estimated gene frequencies of genestar markers and their size of effects on meat tenderness, marbling, and feed efficiency in temperate and tropical beef cattle breeds across a range of production systems.the objectives of this study were to use genotypes for 12 commercially available genestar gene markers on 12,330 animals to estimate gene frequencies of the markers across a range of beef cattle breeds and to determine the effects of these markers on target traits using a subset of animals with both genotypic and phenotypic data (n = 9,414) for at least one trait. tenderness markers (t1, t2, t3, t4) were assessed against shear force of 2 muscles, marbling markers (m1, m2, m3, m4) were assessed a ...201020154168
serologic-based investigation of leptospirosis in a population of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) indicating the presence of leptospira weilii serovar topaz.eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) are one of the most abundant large macropodids sharing the landscape with humans. despite this, little is known about the prevalence of leptospira carriage within this species and the role that they may partake in the transmission of this disease in australia. the sera of 87 free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos, captured in the warragamba catchment area, sydney, australia, from june 2004 to november 2006, were screened against a reference panel of 22 le ...201020688651
cryptosporidium andersoni in western australian feedlot cattle.cryptosporidium andersoni has not been previously reported in feedlot beef cattle in western australia. faecal samples were collected from 10 groups of cattle ranging in age from 11 to 36 months in five different feedlots in western australia. the incidence of c. andersoni ranged from 0% to 26%. there were no clinical signs associated with c. andersoni infection, but there was a significant reduction in rate of gain of 0.44 kg in infected animals compared with negative pen mates. cryptosporidium ...201020973292
molecular characterization of cryptosporidium and giardia in pre-weaned calves in western australia and new south wales.a total of 364 fecal specimens from randomly selected pre-weaned calves, aged up to 4 months, from 5 different farms in the south of western australia and 1 farm from new south wales were screened for the presence of cryptosporidium and giardia using pcr. there were substantial differences in prevalence between the farms and the overall prevalence was 22.3% (81/364) and 26.9% (98/364) respectively for cryptosporidium and giardia. for cryptosporidium, 70 positives were identified at the 18s locus ...201021130578
cattle temperament: persistence of assessments and associations with productivity, efficiency, carcass and meat quality traits.relationships between temperament and a range of performance, carcass, and meat quality traits in young cattle were studied in 2 experiments conducted in new south wales (nsw) and western australia (wa), australia. in both experiments, growth rates of cattle were assessed during backgrounding on pasture and grain finishing in a feedlot. carcass and objective meat quality characteristics were measured after slaughter. feed intake and efficiency during grain finishing were also determined in nsw. ...201021169516
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