| first detection of adiaspiromycosis in the lungs of a deer. | adiaspiromycosis is a pulmonary infection caused by the soil fungi, emmonsia crescens and e. parva. it primarily affects small mammals and can range from an asymptomatic condition to fatal disseminated disease. we detected a granuloma containing fungal spherules, which were morphologically consistent with the adiaspores of e. crescens in the lungs of a female hokkaido sika deer. this is the first reported case of adiaspiromycosis involving a cervid in the world. | 2015 | 25787928 |
| a relapsing fever group borrelia sp. similar to borrelia lonestari found among wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) and haemaphysalis spp. ticks in hokkaido, japan. | a relapsing fever borrelia sp. similar to borrelia lonestari (herein referred to as b. lonestari-like) was detected from wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) and haemaphysalis ticks in the eastern part of hokkaido, japan. the total prevalence of this borrelia sp. in tested deer blood samples was 10.6% using conventional pcr and real-time pcr. the prevalence was significantly higher in deer fawns compared to adults (21.9% and 9.4%, respectively). additionally, there was significant regional d ... | 2014 | 25108784 |
| molecular characterization and specific detection of anaplasma species (ap-sd) in sika deer and its first detection in wild brown bears and rodents in hokkaido, japan. | a previously undescribed anaplasma species (herein referred to as ap-sd) has been detected in sika deer, cattle and ticks in japan. despite being highly similar to some strains of a. phagocytophilum, ap-sd has never been detected in humans. its ambiguous epidemiology and the lack of tools for its specific detection make it difficult to understand and interpret the prevalence of this anaplasma species. we developed a method for specific detection, and examined ap-sd prevalence in hokkaido wildlif ... | 2015 | 26431688 |
| Molecular analyses of a potentially novel Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Japan. | An Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer in Hokkaido, Japan was molecularly analyzed using 16S rRNA, citrate synthase (gltA), and heat-shock operon (groEL) gene sequences. Genome walking was performed to determine its complete gltA and groEL sequences (1233bp and 1650bp, respectively). Percent identities to the closest A. phagocytophilum sequences from the US and European strains were 98.6-98.8%, 76.5%, and 80.3-80.8% for 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL g ... | 2011 | 22204789 |
| serological evidence of infection with hepatitis e virus among wild yezo-deer, cervus nippon yesoensis, in hokkaido, japan. | in this study, 520 serum samples from yezo-deer in the hidaka district, hokkaido, japan were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate whether the animals were infected with hepatitis e virus (hev). the distribution of optical density values showed a bimodal pattern and 181 samples (34.8%) were deemed to be antibody-positive against hev. at least five (2.8%) of the positive sera gave specific bands by western blot analysis. an age-dependent increase in prevalence of the antibo ... | 2009 | 19215576 |
| detection of ehrlichia muris dna from sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. | ehrlichia muris dna was detected in the blood of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific pcr based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of e. muris. | 2007 | 17964725 |
| isolation of a megatrypanum trypanosome from sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | a trypanosome was isolated from a sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan, during the primary culture of sika deer renal cells. this is the first report of isolation of a megatrypanum trypanosome from japanese cervidae. the trypanosome, designated tsd1, was propagated and maintained in eagle's modified essential medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum with sika deer renal cells as feeder. the tsd1 trypanosome was morphometrically similar to trypanosoma cervi, which is commonly is ... | 2007 | 17714873 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in sika deer from eastern hokkaido, japan. | brain and serum were collected from 120 and 12 free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), respectively, from six regions in eastern hokkaido during controlled hunts in the autumn of 2003. brains were tested for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were measured by means of a latex agglutination test. no brain tested positive for either type of dna, and no antibody to toxoplasma gondii was detected in serum, s ... | 2005 | 16107684 |
| histological variations in myoepithelial cells and arrectores pilorum muscles among caudal, metatarsal and preorbital glands in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884). | the morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells and arrectores pilorum muscles were investigated in caudal, metatarsal and preorbital glands of hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) using immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin. in the metatarsal, preorbital and general skin glands, myoepithelial cell layers continuously embraced the secretory epithelium, while in the caudal gland, discontinuous myoepithelial cell rows surrounded the apocrine tubules. there ... | 2004 | 15107557 |
| detection of rickettsia helvetica dna from peripheral blood of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | partial nucleotide sequences of the citrate synthase and 17-kda genes of rickettsia helvetica were detected from peripheral blood samples of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. results suggest the presence of a rickettsiemia associated with r. helvetica. this is the first evidence of r. helvetica infection in sika deer and indicates that this species may represent a potential reservoir host of r. helvetica in japan. | 2008 | 18263833 |
| blood meal identification and prevalence of avian malaria parasite in mosquitoes collected at kushiro wetland, a subarctic zone of japan. | in japan, the prevalence of avian plasmodium in birds and mosquitoes has been partially examined in the temperate and subtropical zones; however, mosquitoes in the japanese subarctic zone have not been adequately investigated. in this study, mosquito collections and avian plasmodium detections from the mosquito samples were carried out to demonstrate the avian plasmodium transmission between vector mosquitoes and birds inhabiting in kushiro wetland, subarctic zone of japan. a total of 5657 unfed ... | 2011 | 21845952 |
| gestational age determination, variation of conception date, and external fetal development of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in eastern hokkaido. | the authors determined gestational age from fetal weight, examined the range in conception dates, and classified the external fetal development process in sika deer of eastern hokkaido. gestational age (t) can be estimated from fetal weight (w) with the equation: t = (3 square root of w + 2.730)/0.091. conception date can then be calculated back from date of kill of pregnant female, using gestational age. though estimated conception dates ranged from 7 october to 17 january, most of them were co ... | 1996 | 8811617 |
| molecular characterization of fasciola flukes obtained from wild sika deer and domestic cattle in hokkaido, japan. | the number of wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) continues to increase in hokkaido prefecture, japan. the major concern for the livestock industry is the transmission of pathogens between sika deer and cattle. fasciolosis is an important disease that can occur in both animals. the aim of this study was to examine the possible mutual transmission of this disease in hokkaido prefecture. a total of 105 fasciola flukes were obtained from sika deer and 96 from domestic cattle. the fasciola fluk ... | 2017 | 28396295 |
| serological evidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in japan. | one hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in japan had antibody titers to coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high prevalences were observed in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus) (78%), hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), japanese hares (lepus brachyurus) (63%), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) (28%). a low prevalence (13%) was observe ... | 1993 | 8355353 |
| reproduction of female sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in ashoro district, hokkaido. | the authors studied some reproductive characteristics of wild female sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in ashoro district, hokkaido. large numbers of females attained sexual maturation at the age of yearling, and the pregnancy rate of yearlings and older was 96.4% (n = 28). these high levels of fertility should be considered the standard for high quality populations of sika deer. the estrus cycle began in late october. twinning was exceptional. sex ratio of fetuses was statisticall ... | 1993 | 8286539 |
| serological survey for lyme disease in sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | seventy-six wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) from areas endemic for borrelia burgdorferi during 1988 to 1989 had the igg antibody to the bacteria in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the percentage of seropositive deer was 25.0% to strain ho14 and 22.4% to strain hp3, respectively. specific igg antibody titers were high in summer but low in winter. in summer, seropositive deer were 75.0%. similar results were obtained in serum specimens obtained monthly from 4 farmed deer. it was sugges ... | 1991 | 1808467 |
| annual changes of testis size, seminiferous tubules and plasma testosterone concentration of wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in hokkaido. | testis size, seminiferous tubules and plasma testosterone concentrations showed conspicuous annual changes in sika deer of hokkaido, japan. the onset of the spermatogenic process occurred in july or august. spermatogenic activity had already reached its height in late october, at the beginning of the rutting season, and had begun to decline in late december. spermatogenesis had stopped in february or march. plasma testosterone concentrations showed very high levels in late october and early nove ... | 1992 | 1643176 |
| phylogenetic analysis of theileria sp. from sika deer, cervus nippon, in japan. | the 18s rrna genes of theileria species detected in sika deer, cervus nippon centralis in yamaguchi and cervus nippon yesoensis in hokkaido, were analyzed. the percent identities of the nucleotide sequences of theileria from cervus nippon centralis and cervus nippon yesoensis were more than 99%. the percent identities of the theileria sp. from sika deer and theileria sergenti, theileria buffeli and theileria cervi were 97, 96 and 95%, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences als ... | 2004 | 15063944 |
| indices for nutritional condition and thresholds for winter survival in sika deer in hokkaido, japan. | we derived fat indices for sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in eastern hokkaido, japan, and estimated the probability of over-winter survival with a logistic regression model using fat indices. kidney fat mass (kfm) appears to be an adequate index of wide range of physical conditions before the onset of severe nutritional stress. when kfm values fell below 20 g, femur (fmf) and mandible cavity fat (mcf) indices declined sharply. fmf and mcf were useful indices for detecting malnourished deer. ... | 2000 | 11236274 |
| rumen ciliates of ezo deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) with the morphological comparison with those of cattle. | the composition of rumen ciliate protozoa was surveyed in 13 ezo deer, cervus nippon yesoensis, inhabiting hokkaido, japan. as a result, two species of the genus entodinium, e. simplex and e. dubardi, were detected. each ezo deer had only a single species of protozoa, e. simplex or e. dubardi. since e. simplex in ezo deer had a wide variation in body size and shape, its measurements were compared with those of e. simplex, e. nanellum and e. exiguum obtained from holstein-friesian cattle feeding ... | 1993 | 8461433 |
| spatially distinct responses within willow to bark stripping by deer: effects on insect herbivory. | within individual plants, cervid herbivory may cause positive or negative plant-mediated effects on insect herbivores, depending on where it occurs. using a combination of field observations and artificial bark-stripping experiments in hokkaido, japan, we examined the plant-mediated effects of bark stripping by sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) on insect herbivory in two spatially distinct parts of willow (salix udensis) trees: resprouting leaves below bark-stripping wounds and canopy leaves a ... | 2015 | 26253347 |
| molecular identification of the cryptosporidium deer genotype in the hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. | the protozoan cryptosporidium occurs in a wide range of animal species including many cervidae species. fecal samples collected from the hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), a native deer of hokkaido, in the central, western, and eastern areas of hokkaido were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect infections with cryptosporidium and for sequence analyses to reveal the molecular characteristics of the amplified dna. dna was extracted from 319 fecal samples and examined wi ... | 2016 | 26687968 |
| histological differences of skin among three body regions in male and female hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis). | the hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), the largest and most abundant of the sika deer subspecies in japan, has recently attracted new attention as a target for leather production, in addition to its meat value. to provide fundamental data for facilitating the effective use of skin for leather, the histological properties of skin at the shoulder, back and abdominal regions of male and female deer were compared. the results showed that the thickness of the outer skin layer was not signi ... | 2012 | 22975742 |
| prevalence and molecular analyses of hemotrophic mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) detected in sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are cell-wall deficient, epierythrocytic bacteria that cause infectious anemia in several mammalian species. the prevalence of hemoplasma species was examined by screening and species-specific pcr using blood samples collected from 51 sika deer in hokkaido, japan. molecular analyses were performed for the 16s rrna, 23s rrna and rnase p rna (rnpb) gene sequences. a total of 23/51 (45%) deer dna samples were positive for hemoplasmas in the screening pcr. using ... | 2014 | 24270803 |
| evaluation of fetal growth and estimation of fetal age based on skeletal growth in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884). | we investigated fetal development and the estimation of fetal age of 127 hokkaido sika deer fetuses, categorizing them into three groups according to the nutritional condition of populations. the order and time of the appearance of ossification centers were clarified, and fetal age was determined based on bone length and the appearance of ossification centers. then we observed the differences in fetal growth among three populations, and discussed the effect of poor nutrition on the fetal growth. ... | 2004 | 15644604 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in an endemic environment: wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) with infected ticks and antibodies. | ticks and blood samples were collected from wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) during a hunting season (august to october) of 1991 at a selected location in hokkaido, japan. ixodes persulcatus (adult and nymph) and i. ovatus (adult) were the common ticks on sika deer. spirochetes were detected in the midgut of the ticks by the indirect peroxidase-conjugated antibody staining method and by dark-field microscopy after cultivation. by the reactive pattern of monoclonal antibodies, isolates we ... | 1996 | 8871523 |
| molecular identification and characterization of piroplasm species in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), japan. | babesia and theileria species are tick-borne protozoan parasites that have a veterinary and zoonotic importance. in order to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of these parasites, a total of 269 sika deer blood dna samples collected from hokkaido, japan, were examined for babesia and theileria species by touch-down pcr targeting the 18s rrna gene. reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization was then used to detect 12 piroplasm species. the results revealed that 95.5% (257/269), 94.1% (25 ... | 2017 | 28651947 |