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quantitative assessment of malaria morbidity based on longitudinal data in 10 indian villages.house-to-house visits were made at weekly intervals to investigate malaria morbidity. the survey covered 7337 individuals in 10 villages in jhansi district, uttar pradesh. incidence rates of 252 spells of sickness from fever and six symptomatic cases of malaria per 1000 population were recorded. the incidence rates of unhealthy periods due to fever, of people sick and of spells of sickness per person were significantly higher in males. morbidity from fever was highest in the 15-24 year age group ...19863534281
abo blood groups among malaria cases from district mandla, madhya pradesh.a total of 2095 patients with fever were tested for malaria and classified according to abo blood groups. only 696 cases were malaria positive. while blood group a, b and o were equally susceptible to malaria infection, ab blood group had less number of persons with malaria parasites. a significantly lower frequency of plasmodium falciparum was observed among individuals with blood groups a and o. in other two blood groups b and ab, no difference in p. vivax and p. falciparum proportions were ob ...19957589729
dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and deforested regions of mandla district, central india (madhya pradesh).a longitudinal malaria study was undertaken in 1990-91 in 2 adjacent ecological zones in central india: villages in forest and villages away from the forest. the prevalence of anopheles species varied widely between the 2 ecological settings. in the villages in forest, anopheles culicifacies and an. fluviatilis were mainly exophilic, whereas in the villages away from forest, an. culicifacies was predominantly endophilic and an. fluviatilis was equally prevalent both indoors and outdoors. the sea ...19968827597
population dynamics of anopheles culicifacies and malaria in the tribal area of central india.a longitudinal study (1993-94) on malaria was conducted in dungaria, a typical forest fringe tribal village in mandla district of central india (madhya pradesh). our initial objective was to obtain in-depth baseline data on malaria transmission in the tribal village to elucidate the factors responsible for persistent malaria in the area and thereby to help in formulating an improved malaria control program. anopheles culicifacies giles was the predominant vector of malaria, although anopheles fl ...199910480116
usefulness of an inexpensive, paracheck test in detecting asymptomatic infectious reservoir of plasmodium falciparum during dry season in an inaccessible terrain in central india.the performance of a new indigenous rapid diagnostic test, paracheck pf was evaluated in detection of plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic children in remote forest villages of mandla district, central india to determine the lower limits of sensitivity and specificity of rapid test.200212387772
genetic polymorphism of falciparum malaria vaccine candidate antigen genes among field isolates in india.the present study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum among field isolates from india. a total of 71 clinical isolates were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the amplification of repeat regions of malaria vaccine candidate antigen genes, i.e., merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa-1), msa-2, and circumsporozoite protein (csp). all three genes showed variation; msa-2 has the maximum number of 10 variant forms while msa-1 and csp had 8 and 6 vari ...199910432065
effectiveness of alpha-beta arteether in clearing plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in central india (madhya pradesh).forty-six patients (25 females + 21 males) of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum in districts jabalpur and mandla of central india (madhya pradesh) were administered alpha-beta arteether (an ethyl derivative of qinghaosu), intramuscularly for 3 consecutive days (150 mg once a day). the results revealed that there was rapid control of fever in all the patients without administration of any antipyretic drug. the mean parasite clearance time was 30.78 +/- 10.92 hours and recrudescence/reinfection ...19989886102
studies on malaria during pregnancy in a tribal area of central india (madhya pradesh).in tribal villages of central india where malaria is highly prevalent (mesoendemic), this preliminary study was undertaken to determine the effects of malaria infection in a group of 456 pregnant women with or without fever. only 96 women were found infected with malaria, of which plasmodium falciparum accounted for 64% of the detected parasites, while p. vivax for the remaining 36%. there were no instances of cerebral malaria or death however, one abortion and four still births were recorded am ...19989740260
the use of a dipstick antigen-capture assay for the diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infection in a remote forested area of central india.a study was carried out in a highly malarious forested belt of central india (madhya pradesh) to evaluate the usefulness of a dipstick antigen-capture assay (parasight f) as a diagnostic method for plasmodium falciparum appropriate for field use. in all, 1,231 patients with fever were screened in parallel with the taking of thick blood smears. the sensitivity and specificity of the dipstick test for detection of p. falciparum were 93% and 92.5%, respectively. results also indicate that the dipst ...19979080879
application of peptide elisa in tribal malaria of madhya pradesh.a recently developed peptide elisa method was used for monitoring the efficacy of malaria control programme in the tribal areas of madhya pradesh. both crude pf antigen and synthetic nonapeptide were used in elisa for seroepidemiological studies. both antigen responded equally well but the synthetic peptide had advantages of purity, defined characteristic and easy availability. population of mandla protected by vector control measures showed lower antibody titre and lower percentage positivity c ...19969014398
drug resistant plasmodium falciparum in mandla district, madhya pradesh. 19958867063
malaria parasite density in pregnant women of district jabalpur, madhya pradesh.twenty-two cases (nineteen plasmodium falciparum and three p. vivax) of severe malaria among 200 pregnant women from district jabalpur, m.p. were studied for malaria parasite density. almost all of them were found anaemic. the patients were treated with quinine/chloroquine intravenously but seventeen pf cases died within 96 h of admission in hospital. out of twenty-two, thirteen were primigravidae.19968690131
prevalence of malaria among pregnant and non-pregnant women of district jabalpur, madhya pradesh.in the study period of two years 145 pregnant and 79 non-pregnant women with malarial infection were recorded. plasmodium falciparum was the most prevalent species accounting for 72% of the total malaria infection in pregnant women while, in non-pregnant women it accounted for 58%. results were analysed according to the species to which the parasite belonged, period of gestation and parity. while cerebral malaria, abortions, intrauterine foetal death, maternal anaemia were common in pregnant pat ...19958549840
sickle-cell trait in the tribal population in madhya pradesh and orissa (india). 19674865391
malaria outbreak in kundam block, district jabalpur (m.p.). 19883072220
a focus of high degree chloroquine resistant p. falciparum in mandla district (m.p.).a study on the bioenvironmental control of malaria was launched in bizadandi block (mandla district, m.p.) in may 1986. besides intervention, using environmental management methods and larvivorous fishes, weekly surveillance and chloroquine administration at 25 mg/kg body weight was practiced. studies during 1987 revealed that a large number of p. falciparum cases did not respond to the standard anti-malarial treatment. therefore, systematic 28 day in vivo studies were taken up on the follow-up ...19892680635
drug resistant p. falciparum in madras (tamil nadu) and district jabalpur (madhya pradesh).who micro in vitro tests for chloroquine resistance in p. falciparum were carried out during november, 1987 in madras city, tamil nadu and in kundam phc of jabalpur district, madhya pradesh. out of 6 samples tested from madras city, 5 showed resistance to chloroquine. likewise, out of 14 samples tested in jabalpur, 12 (85.7%) showed resistance to chloroquine. all the 20 samples showed normal susceptibility to mefloquine.19892676619
bio-environmental control of malaria in a tribal area of mandla district, madhya pradesh, india.bizadandi block of district mandla was selected for demonstration of bio-environmental control of malaria. the project presently covers 80 experimental villages and 12 control villages. in this area, because of indifferent surveillance and spraying in the past (from 1978-86) the api was reported low and the parasite reservoir in the community had built up over the years. at the outset of the study the malaria prevalence was high with preponderance of p. falciparum. densities of a. culicifacies w ...19892571525
response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in a tribal area of madhya pradesh.in vivo tests for chloroquine sensitivity of p. falciparum malaria parasites were carried out on a sample of 130 patients (mean age, 21 years) from two phcs during october-november 1988. during this period 20 cases (5.2%) were found positive for all seven days suggesting the presence of rii/riii chloroquine resistance. all the resistant cases were treated with metakelfin successfully without any recrudescence.19902292323
role of anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in madhya pradesh state, india. 19921287914
usefulness of a rapid on-site plasmodium falciparum diagnosis (paracheck pf) in forest migrants and among the indigenous population at the site of their occupational activities in central india.logistic, economic, and technical factors limit rapid access to microscopic confirmation of malaria in many tropical countries, including india. the occurrence of high-grade fever and three deaths during the hot summer months in some forest migrants created an emergency situation in jabalpur in central india. a cheap and rapid malaria test, paracheck pf, was tested in this group of migrants in parallel with microscopy. the indigenous population at the site of occupational activities of these mig ...200515728862
changing scenario of malaria in central india, the replacement of plasmodium vivax by plasmodium falciparum (1986-2000).since 1986, we have been studying the changing epidemiology of malaria in a forest belt of mandla, which has the highest number of malaria cases in central india (madhya pradesh) to define the epidemiological characteristics of the infection with each plasmodium species in different seasons of the year. our long-term objective was to determine the dynamics of plasmodium vivax vs.p. falciparum infections.200414996366
forest malaria in chhindwara, madhya pradesh, central india: a case study in a tribal community.parasitologic and entomologic cross-sectional surveys were carried out during an outbreak of malaria between december 1998 and august 2000 in forest villages near the mohkhed primary health center in the chhindwara district of madhya pradesh in central india. in december 1998, surveys showed that more than 70% of the fever cases had malaria, with 87% of the malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum. the rate of enlarged spleens in children was 74.5%. in november 1999, 58% of the inhabitants were i ...200312812354
patterns of rainfall and malaria in madhya pradesh, central india.some recent outbreaks of plasmodium falciparum malaria have been attributed, at least in part, to increases in the intensity and duration of rainfall caused by the el niño southern oscillation (enso), a periodic climatic phenomenon. since it takes time for unusually heavy rainfall to translate into unusually high densities of the vector mosquitoes, it has been suggested that data on recent rainfall might be used to predict climate-related epidemics of malaria. this possibility was explored by co ...200212171616
an assessment of the usefulness of a rapid immuno-chromatographic test, "determine trade mark malaria pf" in evaluation of intervention measures in forest villages of central india.plasmodium falciparum malaria, is a major health problem in forested tribal belt of central india. rapid and accurate methods are needed for the diagnosis of p. falciparum. we performed a blinded evaluation of the recently introduced determine trade mark malaria pf test (abbott, laboratories, japan) compared with microscopy and splenomegaly in children in epidemic prone areas of district mandla to assess the impact of intervention measures.200111532200
anopheline ecology and malaria transmission at a new irrigation project area (bargi dam) in jabalpur (central india).anopheline ecology and malaria transmission were studied in a newly irrigated area of the bargi project, district jabalpur, madhya pradesh, central india. observations were made for 2 years (1993-95) in 10 villages along the bargi irrigation canal, which are situated between 44 km (head end of canal) and 78 km (tail end of canal) from the dam site. anopheles annularis was the predominant species in the head-end villages and its abundance was directly related to the opening of the canal, whereas ...200011198914
field evaluation of the ict malaria p.f/p.v immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum and p.vivax infection in forest villages of chhindwara, central india.a rapid new immunochromatographic test (ict malaria p.f/p.v) for diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum and p.vivax was evaluated against thick blood smears in forest villages of chhindwara, madhya pradesh, where both plasmodium falciparum and p.vivax are prevalent. 344 symptomatic patients (gond ethnic tribe) in five villages were screened by field staff of the malaria research centre in october 1999. for p.falciparum, the ict was 97.5% sensitive and 88% specific, with a positive predictive value ( ...200011123823
some aspects of changing behaviour of malaria vectors in tribal areas of india.the field entomological studies and surveys carried out in 72 tribal districts out of 100 in seven penninsular states namely, andhra pradesh, bihar, gujarat, madhya pradesh, maharashtra, orissa and rajasthan indicated that in most of the areas the vector mosquitoes encountered during the present study were almost the same as recorded by the earlier workers except that anopheles fluviatilis james, 1902 was recorded in the areas of district raipur, durg, bilaspur, raigarh, shahdol, rajnandgaon, ba ...199810810568
epidemiology of malaria in pregnancy in central india.analysis of three years of data from a malaria clinic operated by the indian council of medical research (icmr) in the government medical college hospital in jabalpur, central india, showed a high malaria prevalence among pregnant women, which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001) compared with the situation among nonpregnant women. cerebral malaria was a common complication of severe plasmodium falciparum infection, with a high mortality during pregnancy, requiring immediate attenti ...199910444880
evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for assessing the burden of malaria at delivery in india.all pregnant women who came for delivery at a district hospital in mandla and a civil hospital in maihar were screened for plasmodium falciparum (placental parasitemia using a rapid test and microscopy and peripheral and umbilical cord parasitemia using microscopy alone). two rapid diagnostic tests (rdts), paracheck pf and parahitf, were used. at mandla, the sensitivity and specificity of the paracheck pf for p. falciparum were 93% and 84%, respectively. the positive predictive values (ppvs) and ...200516282293
efficacy of chloroquine chemoprophylaxis for plasmodium falciparum in dindori district, madhya pradesh. 200616687874
malaria control using indoor residual spraying and larvivorous fish: a case study in betul, central india.to assess the impact of intensified malaria control interventions in an ethnic minority community in betul using existing tools.200617002725
malaria diagnosis by field workers using an immunochromatographic test.a rapid immunodiagnostic test (ict malaria pftest) has been developed by ict diagnostics (sydney, australia) for the diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infection. the test is an antigen capture assay based on the detection of p. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 in peripheral blood. this study was undertaken to assess the performance and usefulness of the test as a diagnostic method in highly malarious, inaccessible forested villages of mandla district, central india. in all, 353 patients with ...19979373631
plasma ip-10, apoptotic and angiogenic factors associated with fatal cerebral malaria in india.plasmodium falciparum in a subset of patients can lead to cerebral malaria (cm), a major contributor to malaria-associated mortality. despite treatment, cm mortality can be as high as 30%, while 10% of survivors of the disease may experience short- and long-term neurological complications. the pathogenesis of cm is mediated by alterations in cytokine and chemokine homeostasis, inflammation as well as vascular injury and repair processes although their roles are not fully understood. the hypothes ...200818489763
the usefulness of a new rapid diagnostic test, the first response malaria combo (pldh/hrp2) card test, for malaria diagnosis in the forested belt of central india.malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in tribal belt of central india where two plasmodium species, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, are prevalent. in these areas, rapid detection of the malaria parasites and early treatment of infection remain the most important goals of disease management. therefore, the usefulness of a new rapid diagnostic (rdt), the first response(r) combo malaria ag (pldh/hrp2) card test was assessed for differential diagnosis between p. falciparum with other p ...200818620560
burden of cerebral malaria in central india (2004-2007).a study on the clinicoepidemiology of cerebral malaria (cm) and mild malaria (mm) among adults and children attending nscb medical college hospital jabalpur and civil hospital maihar, satna, in central india was undertaken. of 1,633 patients, 401 were plasmodium falciparum and 18 p. vivax. of 401, 199 cm patients and 112 mm patients were enrolled. severe complications among cm patients were jaundice (26%), acute renal failure (22%), respiratory distress (22%), severe malaria anemia (18%), hypote ...200818840756
malaria in india: challenges and opportunities.india contributes about 70% of malaria in the south east asian region of who. although annually india reports about two million cases and 1000 deaths attributable to malaria,there is an increasing trend in the proportion of plasmodium falciparum as the agent. there exists heterogeneity and variability in the risk of malaria transmission between and within the states of the country as many ecotypes/paradigms of malaria have been recognized. the pattern of clinical presentation of severe malaria h ...200819208983
identification of malaria hot spots for focused intervention in tribal state of india: a gis based approach.in india, presently malaria shows a declining trend whereas plasmodium falciparum (pf) cases show an up trend. in central india, specifically, madhya pradesh (m.p.) a forested and tribal area, control of malaria is logistically difficult and outbreaks are frequently recorded, reasons for this being inadequate surveillance, poor reporting, a time lag in reporting to decision makers and a lack of geo referenced information to pin point the trouble spots for a timely preventive action.200919457227
characteristics of genetic hitchhiking around dihydrofolate reductase gene associated with pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium falciparum isolates from india.sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) resistance in plasmodium falciparum has been widespread across continents, causing the major hurdle of controlling malaria. resistance is encoded mainly by point mutations in p. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps) target genes. to study the origin and evolution of pyrimethamine resistance on the indian subcontinent, microsatellite markers flanking the pfdhfr gene were mapped. here we describe the characteristics of gene ...200919786603
therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sequence variation in pfcrt gene among patients with falciparum malaria in central india.to assess the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine (cq) treatment against uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum infections in a tribal population of central india (madhya pradesh) and to investigate the prevalence of mutant p. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter (pfcrt) gene in the parasite population.201019912592
spleen rates and infant parasite rates as surveillance tool for malaria control in remote hard to reach areas of central india.abstract:201122185197
dynamics of forest malaria transmission in balaghat district, madhya pradesh, india.an epidemiological and entomological study was carried out in balaghat district, madhya pradesh, india to understand the dynamics of forest malaria transmission in a difficult and hard to reach area where indoor residual spray and insecticide treated nets were used for vector control.201324023900
characterization of drug resistance associated genetic polymorphisms among plasmodium falciparum field isolates in ujjain, madhya pradesh, india.since 2011, artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (asp), instead of chloroquine, has been recommended for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in india. in ujjain, central india, with an annual parasite index <0.1, the prevalence of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum is unknown. in other parts of india chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant p. falciparum is prevalent. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-malarial drug resistance-associated genetic polymor ...201424885535
genetic variation in the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in india and its relevance to rts,s malaria vaccine.rts,s is the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate, currently under phase-iii clinical trials in africa. this plasmodium falciparum vaccine contains part of the central repeat region and the complete c-terminal t cell epitope region (th2r and th3r) of the circumsporozoite protein (csp). since naturally occurring polymorphisms at the vaccine candidate loci are critical determinants of the protective efficacy of the vaccines, it is imperative to investigate these polymorphisms in field isolates. ...201222912873
genetic diversity in the block 2 region of the merozoite surface protein-1 of plasmodium falciparum in central india.malaria continues to be a significant health problem in india. several of the intended plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens are highly polymorphic. the genetic diversity of p. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) has been extensively studied from various parts of the world. however, limited data are available from india. the aim of the present study was a molecular characterization of block 2 region of msp-1 gene from the tribal-dominated, forested region of madhya pradesh.201222439658
community expansion and gene geography of sickle cell trait and g6pd deficiency, and natural selection against malaria: experience from tribal land of india.malaria is globally endemic in tropical and subtropical regions and so is the hemoglobinopathies, thalassemias and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency. this biological dogma of hyper-endemic all over the tribal land in india leads to high morbidity and mortality. the directed genetic abnormalities of human erythrocytes have found to decrease the susceptibility towards malaria parasites and the heterozygotes of abnormalities probably confer protection against the plasmodium falcip ...201222264009
clinical and molecular monitoring of plasmodium falciparum resistance to antimalarial drug (artesunate+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine) in two highly malarious district of madhya pradesh, central india from 2012-2014.the spread of p. falciparum resistant strain has led to a significant resurgence of malaria morbidity and mortality. the current cornerstone in malaria treatment in india is artemisinin based combination (artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine) therapy (act) for treatment of uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria since 2010. in the present study we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of act and molecular monitoring of antimalarial resistance. therapeutic efficacy was determined by in vivo method usi ...201728549390
fighting malaria in madhya pradesh (central india): are we losing the battle?malaria control in madhya pradesh is complex because of vast tracts of forest with tribal settlement. fifty four million individuals of various ethnic origins, accounting for 8% of the total population of india, contributed 30% of total malaria cases, 60% of total falciparum cases and 50% of malaria deaths in the country. ambitious goals to control tribal malaria by launching "enhanced malaria control project" (emcp) by the national vector borne disease control programme (nvbdcp), with the world ...200919419588
hidden burden of malaria in indian women.malaria is endemic in india with an estimated 70-100 million cases each year (1.6-1.8 million reported by nvbdcp); of this 50-55% are plasmodium vivax and 45-50% plasmodium falciparum. a recent study on malaria in pregnancy reported from undivided madhya pradesh state (includes chhattisgarh state), that an estimated over 220,000 pregnant women contract malaria infection each year. malaria in pregnancy caused- abortions 34.5%; stillbirths 9%; and maternal deaths 0.45%. bulk of this tragic outcome ...200919995437
evidence of selective sweeps in genes conferring resistance to chloroquine and pyrimethamine in plasmodium falciparum isolates in india.treatment of plasmodium falciparum is complicated by the emergence and spread of parasite resistance to many of the first-line drugs used to treat malaria. antimalarial drug resistance has been associated with specific point mutations in several genes, suggesting that these single nucleotide polymorphisms can be useful in tracking the emergence of drug resistance. in india, p. falciparum infection can manifest itself as asymptomatic, mild, or severe malaria, with or without cerebral involvement. ...201020038626
field and laboratory comparative evaluation of rapid malaria diagnostic tests versus traditional and molecular techniques in india.malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries. microscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing malaria infections in clinical practice and research. however, microscopy is labour intensive, requires significant skills and time, which causes therapeutic delays. the objective of obtaining result quickly from the examination of blood samples from patients with suspected malaria is now made possible with the introduction of rapid malaria diagnostic tests (rdts). several rdts ...201020602766
epidemic of plasmodium falciparum malaria in central india, an area where chloroquine has been replaced by artemisinin-based combination therapy.india contributes greatly to the global incidence of malaria. the factors influencing malaria in india are highly diverse and vary greatly from the epidemiological setting of any other country. central india is the most vulnerable area to malaria in india. this study was carried out in three community health centres in dindori district, madhya pradesh (central india). dindori district is mesoendemic for malaria, with both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax being present in all age groups. anophe ...201121292291
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