| epizootiology of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease in southern california, 1971-1973. | | 1973 | 4747907 |
| regulatory aspects of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease. | | 1973 | 4747908 |
| research support for eradication of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease and other diseases. | | 1973 | 4747909 |
| antibodies to selected disease agents in translocated wild turkeys in california. | wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) trapped within california (n = 715) or imported into california from other states (n = 381) from 1986 to 1996 were tested for exposure to certain disease agents. prevalence of antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus was low (0-4%) for wild turkeys trapped within california. with the exception of antibody prevalence to m. meleagridis of 33%, the ... | 2000 | 10682760 |
| the reemergence of newcastle disease. | | 1974 | 4608990 |
| antigenic relationships among newcastle disease virus mutants obtained from laboratory strains and from recent california isolates. | the antigenic relationship between pairs of plaque mutants of newcastle disease virus (ndv) derived from laboratory strains and from isolates from the 1971-72 california epizootic were examined by kinetic neutralization test. comparing four sets of mutants from laboratory strains by both kinetic neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests, a similarity was found in the antigenic relationship expressed as an r value with both tests. however, kinetic neutralization was the more precise as ... | 1974 | 4139119 |
| health survey of backyard poultry and other avian species located within one mile of commercial california meat-turkey flocks. | a survey was conducted to characterize domestic and exotic bird populations, estimate seroprevalence to selected disease agents, and describe health management practices on 62 premises containing "backyard" flocks located within one mile of 22 commercial california meat-turkey flocks participating in national animal health monitoring system (nahms). chickens were present on 56 backyard premises and turkeys on seven. antibodies were identified against mycoplasma gallisepticum, m. synoviae, m. mel ... | 1991 | 1854324 |
| avian paramyxovirus type 1 infections in racing pigeons in california. i. clinical signs, pathology, and serology. | an outbreak of diarrhea and neurological disease in california racing pigeons caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (pmv-1) is documented. predominant clinical signs were polydipsia, ataxia, poor balance, torticollis, head tremors, inability to fly, and diarrhea that was unresponsive to therapy. gross pathologic findings were often unremarkable or non-specific. the predominant histologic lesions were interstitial nephritis, chronic tubular necrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration within the kidne ... | 1992 | 1385700 |
| methods of spread of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease virus in the southern californian epidemic of 1971-1973. | data collected during the velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (vvnd) epidemic that occurred in southern california from 1971 to 1973 were analyzed to determine the methods of spread of the disease. spread between chicken flocks was extensive and due mainly to the movement of live birds and mechanical transport of virus by man, especially by vaccination and poultry service crews. spread to exotic birds was from contact with infected imported stock. spread to other species was most probably ... | 1975 | 1200943 |
| the role of indigenous wild, semidomestic, and exotic birds in the epizootiology of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease in southern california, 1972-1973. | during an epornitic of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (vvnd) in southern california, free-flying wild birds, captive and free-ranging semidomestic birds, and exotic birds were collected from the quarantine area to determine their role in the epizootiology of the disease. the vvnd virus was isolated from 0.04% of 9,446 free-flying wild birds, 0.76% of 4,367 semidomestic birds, and 1.01% of 3,780 exotic birds examined. three house sparrows and 1 crow directly associated with infected po ... | 1975 | 1176357 |
| purification and characters of the newcastle disease virus (california strain). | | 1947 | 20285158 |
| characteristics of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus from california. | an outbreak of infectious bursal disease (ibd) in two california layer flocks resulted in the isolation of two infectious bursal disease viruses designated ra and rb. increased mortality plus gross and histopathology in the layer flocks suggested ra and rb could be very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). preliminary studies indicated that high mortality resulted when bursa homogenates from the layer farms were used to inoculate specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks. in addition, ra ... | 2009 | 20095162 |
| persistence of exotic newcastle disease virus (endv) in laboratory infected musca domestica and fannia canicularis. | house flies (musca domestica) and little house flies (fannia canicularis) were examined for their ability to take up and harbor a velogenic strain of exotic newcastle disease virus (endv) (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus). laboratory-reared flies were allowed to feed on evaporated milk containing endv at a virus concentration of 10(8.3) egg infectious dose (eid)50/0.1 ml or on poultry feces containing an endv titer of 10(5.8) eid50/0.1 g. flies exposed to either infectious food source f ... | 2008 | 18939622 |
| detection and isolation of exotic newcastle disease virus from field-collected flies. | flies were collected by sweep net from the vicinity of two small groups of "backyard" poultry (10-20 chickens per group) that had been identified as infected with exotic newcastle disease virus (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, endv) in los angeles county, ca, during the 2002-2003 end outbreak. collected flies were subdivided into pools and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth with antibiotics. the separated supernatant was tested for the presence of endv by inoculation into embryo ... | 2007 | 17915517 |
| experimental pathogenesis for chickens, turkeys, and pigeons of exotic newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in california during 2002-2003. | exotic newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolated from chickens during the 2002-2003 california outbreak (ca exotic newcastle disease [end] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chickens, 3-week-old spf beltsville white turkeys, 6-week-old commercial broad breasted white turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of t ... | 2006 | 17099149 |
| susceptibility and protection of naive and vaccinated racing pigeons (columbia livia) against exotic newcastle disease virus from the california 2002-2003 outbreak. | the susceptibility, immune response, and protection to challenge after vaccination in racing pigeons (columbia livia) was assessed with the 2002-2003 exotic newcastle disease (end) virus responsible for the most recent major outbreak in southern california. immunologically naïve pigeons appeared resistant to disease, regardless of dose, after a natural route of exposure. twenty percent morbidity was observed in each group of birds receiving between 10(2.1) and 10(8.1) 50% embryo infectious dose ... | 2006 | 17039831 |
| use of sentinel chickens to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures in noncommercial poultry operations infected with exotic newcastle disease virus. | the use of sentinel chickens in establishing the negative status of commercial poultry flocks depopulated due to exotic newcastle disease (end) is considered to be an economically beneficial process. however, the costs and benefits of using sentinel chickens in noncommercial operations are in question. the objective of this study was to use sentinel chickens to evaluate whether adequate cleaning and disinfection coupled with an appropriate time period without susceptible poultry species on the p ... | 2006 | 16789722 |
| the isolation of exotic newcastle disease (end) virus from nonpoultry avian species associated with the epidemic of end in chickens in southern california: 2002-2003. | during the first 11 months of the 2002-2003 exotic newcastle disease (end) epidemic in chickens in southern california, a total of 27,688 cloacal and tracheal (oropharyngeal) swab pools and/or tissue pools from 86 different avian species other than chickens and turkeys were submitted for newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolation and characterization. fifty-seven specimens (0.23%), representing 12 species of birds and 13 unspecified species, from a total of 24,409 accessions or submissions were pos ... | 2005 | 16094822 |
| environmental air sampling to detect exotic newcastle disease virus in two california commercial poultry flocks. | the 2002--2003 exotic newcastle disease (end) outbreak in southern california poultry provided an opportunity to evaluate environmental air sampling as an efficient and cost-effective means of sampling flocks for detection of a circulating virus. exotic newcastle disease virus was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase pcr from air samples collected using a wetted-wall cyclone-style air sampler placed within 2 m of birds in 2 commercial flocks suspected of being naturally exposed to end vir ... | 2005 | 15825506 |
| high-throughput real-time rt-pcr assay to detect the exotic newcastle disease virus during the california 2002--2003 outbreak. | during the 2002--2003 exotic newcastle disease (end) outbreak in southern california, a high-throughput real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) system was developed to respond to the large diagnostic and surveillance sample workload. a 96-well rna extraction method, using magnetic bead technology, combined with a 96-well rrt-pcr assay, allowed 1 technician to process and test more than 400 samples per day. a 3-technician team could complete testing on approximately 1, ... | 2005 | 15825492 |
| exotic newcastle disease in california: laboratory response to an animal health emergency. | | 2004 | 15646851 |
| survival of exotic newcastle disease virus in commercial poultry environment following removal of infected chickens. | during the first weeks of 2003, after exotic newcastle disease (end) was confirmed in commercial layer flocks in southern california, it became apparent that the virus survival information in the literature varied widely and was difficult to extrapolate to current local conditions. the end task force used the information available in the literature and the recommendations of research scientists to establish protocols for safely handling manure from infected and depopulated premises. in an attemp ... | 2004 | 15529993 |
| phylogenetic relationships among virulent newcastle disease virus isolates from the 2002-2003 outbreak in california and other recent outbreaks in north america. | isolates from the 2002-2003 virulent newcastle disease virus (v-ndv) outbreak in southern california, nevada, arizona, and texas in the united states were compared to each other along with recent v-ndv isolates from mexico and central america and reference avian paramyxovirus type 1 strains. nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on a 1,195-base genomic segment composing the 3' region of the matrix (m) protein gene and a 5' portion of the fusion (f) protein gene including ... | 2004 | 15131226 |
| exotic newcastle disease strikes game birds in california. | | 2002 | 12458599 |
| detection of a macrophage-specific antigen and the production of interferon gamma in chickens infected with newcastle disease virus. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen and intestinal tissues were harvested at 2 days postinfection from 4-wk-old white rock chickens infected with five different strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv). these tissues were examined for the presence of macrophage antigen expression, virus replication, and interferon gamma (ifn gamma) production. the five strains represented all three ndv pathotypes. viral replication and ifn gamma, as determined by riboprobe in situ hybridization, were detect ... | 1999 | 10611986 |
| exotic newcastle disease in a game chicken flock. | a sudden increase in mortality, preceded by a short history of respiratory signs and diarrhea, occurred in a backyard flock of 48 game chickens in the central valley of california. necropsy findings included severe generalized linear hemorrhages and/or ulcers in the digestive tract, larynx, and trachea. histology revealed severe multifocal hemorrhages and necrosis in the mucosa of the respiratory and digestive tracts, vasculitis, and necrosis of lymphoid tissue. the birds were serologically nega ... | 1999 | 10396652 |
| a novel protein polymorphism differentiates the california serotype of infectious bronchitis from other serotypes common to california. | the california (cal) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was isolated from layer flocks in southern california in the early 1980s. since then, it has spread to the broiler-producing regions of central california, where it has been implicated in respiratory disease outbreaks in vaccinated flocks. lack of a procedure for quickly identifying ibv serotypes in commercial chicken flocks has prevented the causal association of the ibv cal serotype with respiratory disease outbreaks. a protein ... | 1997 | 9211233 |
| occurrence of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease in pet and exotic birds in 1991. | in 1991, velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (vvnd) was diagnosed in domestic psittacine birds in six states: illinois, indiana, michigan, texas, california, and nevada. in the first four states, the disease assumed outbreak proportions. the affected psittacine birds--yellow-headed amazon parrots (amazona ochrocephala oratrix), yellow-naped amazon parrots (amazona ochrocephala auropalliata), cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus), and conures (unknown species)--exhibited respiratory and/or cen ... | 1993 | 8452504 |
| seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in obligate and facultative scavenging avian species in california. | throughout the world, populations of scavenger birds are declining rapidly with some populations already on the brink of extinction. much of the current research into the factors contributing to these declines has focused on exposure to drug residues, lead, and other toxins. despite increased monitoring of these declining populations, little is known about infectious diseases affecting scavenger bird species. to assess potential infectious disease risks to both obligate and facultative scavenger ... | 2015 | 26606755 |
| paramyxovirus type 3 (pmv-3) in california turkeys: serologic study of pmv-3 antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detecting paramyxovirus type 3 (pmv-3) antibody. this test had a higher sensitivity than the hemagglutination-inhibition test, and no cross-reactivity with various paramyxoviruses or avian pathogens was detected when the sera were tested diluted 1:200. the incidence of pmv-3 infection in california was studied by testing 2037 turkey sera from 174 meat and breeder flocks for the presence of pmv-3 antibody using the elisa. the age at w ... | 1985 | 4026730 |