| quantitative studies of the vector competence of aedes aegypti, culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) with murray valley encephalitis and other queensland arboviruses. | | 1979 | 42801 |
| murray valley encephalitis acquired in western australia. | to report a recent fatal case of encephalitis associated with evidence of murray valley encephalitis virus infection, only the second fatality from this infection in western australia. | 1991 | 1645843 |
| experimental infection with murray valley encephalitis virus. pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs, rabbits, macropods and chickens. | a total of 142 young animals including 10 domestic and 14 feral pigs, 12 hereford calves, 12 crossbred and 24 merino lambs, 11 dogs, 8 domestic and 16 feral rabbits, 14 grey kangaroos, 9 agile wallabies and 12 chickens was exposed to infection with 4 strains of murray valley encephalitis virus (mve), mainly using orally infected culex annulirostris mosquitoes. in terms of their viraemic response, the animals were grouped into high (grey kangaroos, rabbits), moderate (pigs, dogs, chickens) and lo ... | 1985 | 2990398 |
| ord river arboviruses--the study site and mosquitoes. | the ord valey of tropical western australia has been studied for arbovirus activity following the development of a man-made lake of considerable size, a diversion dam and an irrigation scheme. kununurra, the largest town in the valley, is the focus for very large populations of birds and mosquitoes. the irrigation areas have not been important as mosquito breeding areas because of the excessive use of insecticides. lake argyle does not support high mosquito a bird population at present. however ... | 1976 | 14612 |
| murray valley encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes and domestic fowls in queensland, 1974. | field studies during an epidemic of murray valley encephalitis (mve) led to the isolation of mve virus from a pool of mosquitoes (culex annulirostris) and a sentinel chicken from charleville, south-west queensland. a high proportion of domestic fowls at charleville had antibody to mve virus at the beginning of february 1974, in advance of the first case recognized in queensland and allowing early warning from health authorities. a survey of antibody in domestic fowls in mid-1974 suggested widesp ... | 1976 | 13773 |
| genetic and epidemiological characterization of stretch lagoon orbivirus, a novel orbivirus isolated from culex and aedes mosquitoes in northern australia. | stretch lagoon orbivirus (slov) was isolated in 2002 from pooled culex annulirostris mosquitoes collected at stretch lagoon, near the wolfe creek national park in the kimberley region of western australia. conventional serological tests were unable to identify the isolate, and electron microscopy indicated a virus of the genus orbivirus, family reoviridae. here, a cdna subtraction method was used to obtain approximately one-third of the viral genome, and further sequencing was performed to compl ... | 2009 | 19282430 |
| vector competence of australian mosquito species for a north american strain of west nile virus. | since the establishment of west nile virus (wnv) into the united states, concern has arisen that this virus may also pose a serious threat to australian biosecurity. the vector competence of 19 australian mosquito species for a north american strain of wnv was evaluated. mosquitoes collected from cairns, brisbane, and sydney were exposed to blood containing 10(4.0+/-0.3) cell culture infectious dose(50)/mosquito wnv that was isolated from a crow during the 1999 new york outbreak. mosquitoes were ... | 2008 | 18973445 |
| a curious coincidence: mosquito biodiversity and the limits of the japanese encephalitis virus in australasia. | the mosquito culex annulirostris skuse (diptera: culicidae) is the major vector of endemic arboviruses in australia and is also responsible for the establishment of the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in southern papua new guinea (png) as well as its incursions into northern australia. papua new guinea and mainland australia are separated by a small stretch of water, the torres strait, and its islands. while there has been regular jev activity on these islands, jev has not established on mainl ... | 2007 | 17598922 |
| mosquito host-feeding patterns and implications for japanese encephalitis virus transmission in northern australia and papua new guinea. | japanese encephalitis (je) virus spread to northern australia during the 1990s, transmitted by culex annulirostris skuse and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). to determine the relative importance of various hosts for potential vectors of je virus, we investigated the host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes in northern australia and western province of papua new guinea, with particular attention to pigs, sus scrofa l. - the main amplifying host of je virus in south-east asia. mosquitoes were col ... | 2003 | 14651654 |
| epizootic activity of murray valley encephalitis and kunjin viruses in an aboriginal community in the southeast kimberley region of western australia: results of mosquito fauna and virus isolation studies. | we undertook annual surveys of flavivirus activity in the community of billiluna in the southeast kimberley region of western australia between 1989 and 2001 [corrected]. culex annulirostris was the dominant mosquito species, particularly in years of above average rains and flooding. murray valley encephalitis (mve) virus was isolated in 8 of the 13 years of the study from seven mosquito species, but more than 90% of the isolates were from cx. annulirostris. the results suggest that mve virus is ... | 2003 | 14628944 |
| population structure and dispersal of the freshwater mosquitoes culex annulirostris and culex palpalis (diptera: culicidae) in papua new guinea and northern australia. | in 1995 and 1998, outbreaks of japanese encephalitis (je) virus occurred for the first time in australia. virus isolation from pools of mosquitoes indicated culex annulirostris skuse was the most likely vector. it was hypothesized that wind-blown mosquitoes introduced je from papua new guinea to the torres strait and cape york, northern australia. this study used levels of genetic differentiation, as indirect evidence of dispersal of mosquitoes between the two continents. the results have demons ... | 2003 | 12693844 |
| isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected from the gulf plains region of northwest queensland, australia. | as part of investigations into japanese encephalitis (je) virus and related flaviviruses in northern australia, 153,529 mosquitoes were collected and processed for virus isolation from the gulf plains region of northwest queensland. collections from within 30 km of each of the townships of croydon, normanton and karumba yielded 3,087 (2.0%), 66,009 (43.0%), and 84,433 (55.0%) mosquitoes, respectively, from which 16 viruses were isolated. four isolates of murray valley encephalitis (mve), two of ... | 2002 | 12349863 |
| kunjin virus: an australian variant of west nile? | kunjin (kun) is a flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis antigenic complex that was first isolated from culex annulirostris mosquitoes captured in northern australia in 1960. it is the etiological agent of a human disease characterized by febrile illness with rash or mild encephalitis and, occasionally, of a neurological disease in horses. kun virus shares a similar epidemiology and ecology with the closely related murray valley encephalitis (mve) virus, the major causative agent of arboviral e ... | 2001 | 11797773 |
| mosquito (diptera: culicidae) dispersal: implications for the epidemiology of japanese and murray valley encephalitis viruses in australia. | one hypothesis to explain the southern extension of japanese encephalitis (je) virus from papua new guinea into the torres strait islands in 1995 and to mainland australia in 1998 is the dispersal of infected mosquitoes, particularly culex annulirostris skuse from which je virus has been isolated repeatedly. to investigate whether this species disperses in this manner, mosquitoes were identified from 368 aerial kite trap collections operated at 50-310 m (altitude) at inland new south wales betwe ... | 2000 | 11126532 |
| definition of species in the culex sitiens subgroup (diptera: culicidae) from papua new guinea and australia. | japanese encephalitis is a disease of major importance in asia, which from 1995 has extended its range into the north of australia. culex annulirostris skuse of the culex sitiens subgroup of culex was incriminated as the most likely mosquito vector. because misidentifications previously have occurred within this subgroup, our paper defines electrophoretic methods to identify culex specimens from queensland and the northern territory in australia and from western province in papua new guinea. in ... | 2000 | 11004787 |
| mosquito seasonality and arboviral disease incidence in murray valley, southeast australia. | adult female mosquito populations were monitored at weekly intervals during spring-autumn (november-march) for 4 years (1991-95) using dry-ice-baited light traps at forty sites in the murray valley of victoria, australia. among twenty species of mosquitoes collected, culex annulirostris was the most abundant (66.6 +/- 9.3%) followed by cx australicus (15.3 +/- 7.7%). from a total of 476,682 mosquitoes collected, nearly all were females and only 1295 (0.27%) were males. mosquito population densit ... | 1996 | 8994141 |
| australian x disease, murray valley encephalitis and the french connection. | epidemics of a severe encephalitis occurred in eastern australia between 1917 and 1925, in which over 280 cases were reported with a fatality rate of 68%. the disease had not been described previously and was called australian x disease. the next epidemic occurred in south-east australia in the summer of 1950-51. the disease was given its name of murray valley encephalitis as this was the area from which most cases were reported. a virus was isolated by eric french in victoria, and about the sam ... | 1995 | 8545982 |
| two possible mechanisms for survival and initiation of murray valley encephalitis virus activity in the kimberley region of western australia. | two possible mechanisms are described for the initiation of murray valley encephalitis (mve) virus activity in arid, epizootic regions of tropical australia. virus isolations were made from mosquitoes trapped shortly after the first heavy wet season rains and flooding in the east kimberley, which followed approximately nine months of drought. a number of isolates of mve virus were obtained, including isolates from pools of blood-engorged culex annulirostris mosquitoes and from a single pool of m ... | 1995 | 7625542 |
| species composition of mosquitoes collected in the murray valley of south-eastern australia during an epidemic of arboviral encephalitis. | mosquito activity at the height of an epidemic of arboviral encephalitis in the murray valley during the summer of 1974 was almost entirely crepuscular and nocturnal, but anecdotal evidence, indicated that day-biting aedes species were also unusually prevalent during the first 4-5 weeks of the epidemic. ninety-eight percent of the 138,359 mosquitoes captured in miniature light traps and by aspiration between 4th and 13th february, 1974, were culex annulirostris, and 10 other species of 5 genera ... | 1982 | 7165580 |
| variation in arbovirus infection rates in species of birds sampled in a serological survey during an encephalitis epidemic in the murray valley of south-eastern australia, february 1974. | there was extensive and exuberant breeding of waterbirds before and during an epidemic of arboviral encephalitis in the murray valley of south eastern australia in 1974. as estimated by haemagglutination inhibition tests on 432 bird sera collected between 4th and 13th february, 1974, infection with murray valley encephalitis virus, kunjin virus and possibly other flaviviruses was concentrated in species of the order ciconiiformes (55% positive) and pelecaniformes (41%), compared with only 5% in ... | 1982 | 6299259 |
| viruses recovered from mosquitoes and wildlife serum collected in the murray valley of south-eastern australia, february 1974, during an epidemic of encephalitis. | pools of mosquitoes collected in the murray valley in february, 1974, during an encephalitis epidemic yielded 239 isolates of 11 distinct viruses. these included 39 isolates of mve virus, an incriminated causative agent of encephalitis in man, and 111 isolates of kunjin virus, a probable causative agent. an additional isolate of mve virus was recovered from the serum of a white-faced heron, ardea novaehollandiae. the other 9 viruses comprised the alpha-viruses ross river and sindbis, the flavivi ... | 1982 | 6299258 |
| towards prediction and surveillance of murray valley encephalitis activity in australia. | current practices for early warning of activity of murray valley encephalitis and other medically-important arboviruses are reviewed with view to improvement. data from previous papers on culex annulirostris populations, environmental factors and virus infection rates were reanalysed and the results considered as a basis for prediction and surveillance. this goal will only be achieved with improved national cooperation, a better epidemiological understanding and greater knowledge of the bionomic ... | 1980 | 6255919 |
| isolation of arboviruses from insects collected at beatrice hill, northern territory of australia, 1974-1976. | between october 1974 and may 1976, 57 596 mosquitoes, 169 957 culicoides, 5923 lasiohelea and 1043 phlebotomines were collected for virus isolation at beatrice hill (lat. 12 degrees 39's.,long. 131 degrees 20'e.) in the northern territory of australia. a total of 94 viruses belonging to 22 different serological groupings was isolated. the following species of insect yielded viruses which were identified and those viruses marked with an asterisk represent a new record of insect host: culex annuli ... | 1984 | 6152599 |
| a preliminary investigation of the ecology of arboviruses in the derby area of the kimberley region, western australia. | a survey of mosquito populations in the derby area of the kimberley region, western australia, in march/april of 1977 yielded a total of 3,318 adult female mosquitoes. fifteen taxa were represented, seven being new locality records for this area. culex annulirostris was the dominant species, comprising 85.41% of the total catch. all mosquitoes collected were processed for virus isolation and thirteen strains of four (and possibly five) distinct arboviruses were obtained, all from pools of culex ... | 1981 | 6117275 |
| isolation of murray valley encephalitis virus and other arboviruses in the ord river valley 1972-1976. | this paper summarizes the isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes collected in the ord valley between 1972 and 1976. a total of one hundred and ninety five strains of at least fifteen antigenically distinct viruses have been isolated. seven of these isolates appear to be "new' antigenic types, and several are undergoing further testing. these are three new rhabdoviruses (kununurra [or194], a virus provisionally named kimberley [or250] and or189 [provisionally named parry's creek]), three ungrou ... | 1981 | 6117274 |
| seasonal activity and abundance of the arbovirus vector culex annulirostris skuse near echuca, victoria, in the murray valley of southeastern australia 1979-1985. | abundance of culex annulirostris in a state forest near echuca, northern victoria, was sampled with a dry ice-baited evs trap from 1979 to 1985, generally on a fortnightly basis. the species regularly became active from october, the population reached peak abundance in mid summer and then declined to become undetectable from late may. abundance varied between years, related to availability of larval habitats. the results confirm a pattern of seasonal activity in the murray valley that is relevan ... | 1986 | 3964139 |
| a mathematical model for the rural amplification of murray valley encephalitis virus in southern australia. | the exacerbation of epidemics of murray valley encephalitis in southern australia during 1951 and 1974 was studied retrospectively to determine when viral introduction may have occurred. data from studies spanning over 30 years were utilized 1) to determine the number of infective culex annulirostris necessary to cause one clinical case, based on known host-feeding patterns and the subclinical infection rate in man, and 2), using mathematical modeling, to calculate the likely duration of the rur ... | 1987 | 3826047 |
| population age composition and female longevity of the arbovirus vector culex annulirostris skuse near echuca, victoria, in the murray valley of southeastern australia 1979-1985. | a population of cx annulirostris in a state forest near echuca, vic., was sampled with a dry ice-baited encephalitis virus surveillance (evs) trap from 1979 to 1985, generally on a fortnightly basis. these collections were combined for monthly samples which were dissected for parity and population age composition. the proportion parous varied between months and between years; for mid-summer (february) proportion parous ranged from 0.54 to 0.83. there was no evidence that the population was autog ... | 1986 | 3593125 |