| [identification of group a streptococci from throats of school children in northern taiwan]. | a total of 2,750 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci was isolated from 10, 510 throat swabs collected from school children in the taipei area. most of them were classified as group a (61%) and group g (34%), and about 5% belonged to other groups or unclassified strains. 1, 772 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from healthy school children, and 69 strains from sick school children were grouped by the lancefield precipitin test, fluorescent antibody technique and/or bacitracin pap ... | 1975 | 770094 |
| a study on beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from the throats of healthy and sick school children in the taipei area. | | 1975 | 772158 |
| [the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals]. | the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ... | 1989 | 2791722 |
| establishment of a rheumatic heart disease registry in taipei: an early appraisal. | | 1988 | 3045715 |
| antibacterial activity of cefepime in vitro. | cefepime is a new parenterally active fourth-generation cephalosporin which is undergoing in vitro and in vivo evaluations. using the standard agar dilution method we compared the in vitro activity of this drug with other cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of escherichia coli (98 strains), klebsiella pneumoniae (99 strains), acinetobacter spp. (24 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (98 strains), haemophilus influenzae (108 strains), staphylococcus aureus (100 strains), ente ... | 1994 | 7842821 |
| macrolides resistance of common bacteria isolated from taiwan. | to determine the susceptibility to macrolides of common pathogenic bacteria isolated from taiwan, the in vitro activities of erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and dirithromycin were tested against 492 clinical isolates of eight different bacteria, collected from the national taiwan university hospital. the results showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) against most of the tested bacteria. the mic90s for staphylococcus aureus (both methicillin-resistant and ... | 1995 | 9407220 |
| invasive group a streptococcal disease in taiwan is not associated with the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes. | we reviewed the clinical features of 44 patients with invasive group a streptococcal (gas) disease who were treated at two teaching hospitals in southern taiwan from 1991 to 1994. genes encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin types a (spea), b (speb), c (spec), and f (spef) and serotypes of m1, m6, and m12 were determined by polymerase chain reaction to target specific sequences in the 44 isolates recovered from these patients and in 28 isolates recovered from upper respiratory sites in 28 add ... | 1998 | 9524827 |
| in vitro activity of meropenem against common pathogenic bacteria isolated in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of meropenem, in comparison with nine other antimicrobial agents, against 12 different common pathogenic bacteria were evaluated to know the susceptibility of common bacteria to meropenem in taiwan. meropenem was active against most gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas ... | 1998 | 9934544 |
| in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against clinical isolates of common gram-positive bacteria in taiwan. | the mics of quinupristin/dalfopristin against common gram-positive bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens at a university hospital in taiwan were determined by the agar dilution method. the tested bacteria included methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse), methicillin-susceptible s. epidermidis (msse), streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis. ... | 1999 | 10212757 |
| detection of antimicrobial activity in urine for epidemiologic studies of antibiotic use. | antibiotic resistance is the inevitable consequence of the selective pressure of antimicrobial drug use and the adaptive plasticity of the microorganisms. excessive and irrational use of antimicrobial drugs is a problem in all countries. it is particularly troublesome in developing countries where there is a heavy burden of infectious diseases. this study was designed to determine whether detection of antimicrobial activity in the urine might be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of the int ... | 1999 | 10408993 |
| [serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of group a streptococci (streptococcus pyogenes) isolated in taiwan]. | t-protein serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of a total of 139 group a streptococci (gas) strains isolated in taiwan area in 1993 and during the outbreak of scarlet fever in 1994 were analyzed. all strains were t-typable, and t12 (42.46%) and t4 (38.85%) were the dominant t types. according to the results of analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility, all gas strains were divided into 9 resistotypes, a (all susceptible), b (resistant to tetracycline), c (resistant to erythromycin and tetra ... | 1996 | 10592797 |
| prevalence of polyclonal mefa-containing isolates among erythromycin-resistant group a streptococci in southern taiwan. | a total of 204 nonrepetitive isolates of group a streptococci (gas), including 107 randomly collected between 1992 and 1995 and 66 and 31 consecutively collected in 1997 and 1998, respectively, from a university hospital in southern taiwan were examined to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of erythromycin resistance among these isolates. resistance to erythromycin was detected in 129 isolates (63.2%) by the agar dilution test. of these, 42 isolates (32.6%) were assigned to the constitutive ... | 2000 | 10878028 |
| increased prevalence of erythromycin resistance in streptococci: substantial upsurge in erythromycin-resistant m phenotype in streptococcus pyogenes (1979-1998) but not in streptococcus pneumoniae (1985-1999) in taiwan. | a total of 394 nonduplicate isolates of streptococcus pyogenes collected from 1979 to 1998 and 267 nonduplicate isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae collected from october, 1998, to may, 1999, in taiwan were evaluated. among the 220 erythromycin-resistant (mic, > or =1 microg/ml) s. pyogenes isolates, 35% had an m phenotype and 65% had an ml phenotype (inducible resistance [iml], 0.5%, and constitutive resistance [cml], 64.5%). among the 243 erythromycin-resistant s. pneumoniae isolates, the maj ... | 2002 | 12002646 |
| telithromycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in clinical isolates of streptococcus pyogenes: smart program 2001 data. | this study evaluated the current status of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of streptococcus pyogenes in taiwan as part of the smart (surveillance from multicenter antimicrobial resistance in taiwan) program. in 2001, 419 different isolates of s. pyogenes, including 275 from respiratory secretions, 87 from wound pus, and 31 from blood, were collected from nine hospitals in different parts of taiwan. mics of 23 antimicrobial agents were determined at a central location by the agar di ... | 2003 | 12821461 |
| molecular analysis of group a streptococcal isolates associated with scarlet fever in southern taiwan between 1993 and 2002. | collected between 1993 and 2002 at a taiwanese university hospital, 77 group a streptococcus isolates associated with scarlet fever were grouped by emm typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the predominance of an emm1 clone before 1996 and the presence of genetically diverse emm1 and emm4 strains thereafter were found. | 2003 | 14532243 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of streptococcus pyogenes recovered from scarlet fever patients in central taiwan from 1996 to 1999. | one hundred seventy-nine streptococcus pyogenes isolates recovered from scarlet fever patients from 1996 to 1999 in central taiwan were characterized by emm, vir, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing methods. the protocols for vir and pfge typing were standardized. a database of the dna fingerprints for the isolates was established. nine emm or emm-like genes, 19 vir patterns, and 26 smai pfge patterns were detected among the isolates. among the three typing methods, pfge was the m ... | 2004 | 15364982 |
| decreased erythromycin use after antimicrobial reimbursement restriction for undocumented bacterial upper respiratory tract infections significantly reduced erythromycin resistance in streptococcus pyogenes in taiwan. | | 2005 | 15736030 |
| clinical and genetic analysis of invasive and non-invasive group a streptococcal infections in central taiwan. | to evaluate the clinical, bacteriologic, and genetic relatedness between invasive and non-invasive infections caused by group a streptococcus (gas), we retrospectively analyzed the gas isolates in our hospital from the past decade. a total of 70 gas-infected cases were enrolled in our study from the period 1993 to 2002. twenty one cases had invasive disease, and 49 were non-invasive. their medical records were reviewed, and demographic data were collected for analysis. antimicrobial susceptibili ... | 2005 | 15843854 |
| group b streptococcal soft tissue infections in non-pregnant adults. | skin and soft tissue infections are the most common presentations of invasive streptococcus agalactiae infections. this study reviewed 71 patients in a medical centre in southern taiwan with s. agalactiae soft tissue infections. the mortality rate was 7%, and 11% of patients lost their extremities following extensive tissue necrosis. critical illness and the presence of cutaneous ulceration heralded a fatal prognosis. risk-factors for amputation of limbs included advanced age, cutaneous ulcerati ... | 2005 | 15966977 |
| changes in macrolide resistance among respiratory pathogens after decreased erythromycin consumption in taiwan. | measures to alleviate the growing problem of macrolide resistance in taiwan resulted in a decrease in macrolide consumption, from 0.629 defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants per day (dids) in 1999 to 0.301 dids in 2003 (a reduction of 52%). a linear relationship was observed between the decline in erythromycin consumption and the decline in erythromycin resistance in streptococcus pyogenes (46% in 1999 vs. 17% in 2003; p < 0.001) and azithromycin resistance in haemophilus influenzae (31% in 2000 ... | 2006 | 16451421 |
| presence of plasmid pa15 correlates with prevalence of constitutive mls(b) resistance in group a streptococcal isolates at a university hospital in southern taiwan. | to investigate the role of a plasmid bearing the erm(b) gene on the prevalence of the macrolide, lincosamide and group b streptogramin (mls(b)) phenotype of group a streptococci (gas) and to characterize the plasmid and determine the clonal relation between the erythromycin-resistant isolates. | 2007 | 17460027 |
| molecular epidemiology of group a streptococcus causing scarlet fever in northern taiwan, 2001-2002. | in this study, 830 streptococcus pyogenes isolates collected between 2001 and 2002 from patients with scarlet fever in northern taiwan were analyzed by m protein gene (emm) sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. a total of 21 emm types and 56 pfge patterns were identified. the most frequent emm types were emm1 (29.2%), emm4 (24.1%), emm12 (19.0%), emm6 (15.8%), stil103 (5.7%), and emm22 (1.9%). antimicrobial resistance profiles were de ... | 2007 | 17532590 |
| the antimicrobial activity of heyneanol a extracted from the root of taiwanese wild grape. | to search for antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic bacteria from grape vines (vitis spp.). to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of active compounds towards methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2008 | 18312569 |
| group a streptococcal infection caused by emm1 strains among children in southern taiwan. | the aim of this study was to characterize the molecular epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive group a streptococcus (gas) infections in children from 1997 through 2004 in southern taiwan. a collection of 32 invasive and 150 non-invasive isolates were recruited for analysis. emm1 (34.4%) and emm12 (40.0%) predominated in the invasive and non-invasive isolates, respectively. the peak incidence of invasive gas infection (igasi) occurred between 2002 and 2003. emm4 and emm12 were the major types ... | 2008 | 18597127 |
| necrotizing fasciitis in southeast taiwan: clinical features, microbiology, and prognosis. | to determine the spectrum of microorganisms, clinical features, and risk factors of necrotizing fasciitis in southeast taiwan. | 2009 | 18922719 |
| the prevalence of erythromycin resistance in group b streptococcal isolates at a university hospital in taiwan. | due to reduced antibiotic consumption in taiwan, erythromycin resistance rate had decreased in streptococcus pyogenes, but it increased in streptococcus pneumoniae. the objectives of the present study were (1) to determine the erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rate and minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the group b streptococcus (gbs) clinical isolates, and (2) to investigate the mechanism responsible for the macrolide, lincosamide, and group b streptogramin (mls(b)) resistance. a t ... | 2008 | 19025386 |
| association of the shuffling of streptococcus pyogenes clones and the fluctuation of scarlet fever cases between 2000 and 2006 in central taiwan. | the number of scarlet fever occurrences reported between 2000 and 2006 fluctuated considerably in central taiwan and throughout the nation. isolates of streptococcus pyogenes were collected from scarlet fever patients in central taiwan and were characterized by emm sequencing and a standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method. national weekly report data were collected for investigating epidemiological trends. | 2009 | 19486515 |
| changing epidemiology of streptococcus pyogenes emm types and associated invasive and noninvasive infections in southern taiwan. | a total of 242 isolates were recovered from 76 patients with invasive diseases, 89 with scarlet fever, and 77 with pharyngitis. the most frequent emm types were types 12 (43.4%), 4 (18.2%), and 1 (16.9%). emm12 reemerged in 2005 and peaked in 2007. emm11 was recovered only from patients with invasive disease. | 2009 | 19515840 |
| emergence of uncommon emm types of streptococcus pyogenes among adult patients in southern taiwan. | background: streptococcus pyogenes isolated from adult patients during a 12-year period in southern taiwan were analyzed to estimate the distribution of emm types and their correlation with disease manifestations and patient age. methods: three hundred thirty-four invasive and noninvasive isolates collected from patients older than 20 years between 1997 and 2008 at national cheng kung university hospital were included for emm typing. a correlation between emm type, disease manifestations, and pa ... | 2011 | 21601543 |
| in vitro activities of tedizolid and linezolid against gram-positive cocci associated with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and pneumonia. | tedizolid is a novel, expanded-spectrum oxazolidinone with potent activity against a wide range of gram-positive pathogens. a total of 425 isolates of gram-positive bacteria were obtained consecutively from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis) or pneumonia. these isolates included methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) (n = 100), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (n = 100), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 50), streptococcus agalact ... | 2015 | 26248355 |
| clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children. | in taiwan, clinical and microbiological data on acute otitis media (aom) with spontaneous otorrhea in children are limited. | 2013 | 23757372 |
| correlation of virulence genes to clinical manifestations and outcome in patients with streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis bacteremia. | streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is increasingly recognized as a human pathogen responsible for invasive infection and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss). the pathogen possesses virulence genes that resemble those found in streptococcus pyogenes (gas). we analyzed the association between these specific toxic genes, clinical presentations, and outcome in patients with sdse infections. | 2014 | 24210866 |
| epidemiology analysis of streptococcus pyogenes in a hospital in southern taiwan by use of the updated emm cluster typing system. | emm typing is the most widely used molecular typing method for the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes (group a streptococcus [gas]). emm typing is based on a small variable region of the emm gene; however, the emm cluster typing system defines gas types according to the nearly complete sequence of the emm gene. therefore, emm cluster typing is considered to provide more information regarding the functional and structural properties of m proteins in different emm types of gas. in the present s ... | 2016 | 26560544 |
| high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible streptococcus pyogenes emm12 in taiwan. | fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible streptococcus pyogenes has rapidly emerged in several countries. the aim of this study was to survey the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible s. pyogenes in taiwan. a total of 350 consecutive s. pyogenes isolates were collected between january 2005 and december 2012, including 152 (43.4%) invasive and 198 (56.6%) noninvasive isolates. thirty-nine isolates (11.1%) of s. pyogenes were nonsusceptible to fluoroquinolones, includi ... | 2015 | 26234479 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of macrolide-resistant streptococcus pyogenes in taiwan. | our multicenter nationwide surveillance data indicated that erythromycin (ery) resistance among group a streptococcus (gas) isolates in taiwan declined from 53.1% in 1998 and 2000 to 14.6% in 2002 and 2004 and 10.7% in 2006 to 2010 (p < 0.01). the present study aimed to assess the epidemiology of gas in taiwan and identify factors associated with ery resistance. all 127 ery-resistant (ery(r)) isolates and 128 randomly selected ery-susceptible (ery(s)) isolates recovered from 1998 to 2010 were em ... | 2014 | 24478481 |
| emergence of streptococcus pyogenes emm102 causing toxic shock syndrome in southern taiwan during 2005-2012. | streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) is an uncommon but life-threatening disease caused by streptococcus pyogenes. | 2013 | 24349115 |
| group a streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in the emergency department. | group a streptococcal (gas) necrotizing fasciitis is a critical emergency. patients with necrotizing fasciitis principally present to emergency departments (eds), but most studies are focused on hospitalized patients. | 2013 | 23937806 |
| molecular characterization of group a streptococcal isolates causing scarlet fever and pharyngitis among young children: a retrospective study from a northern taiwan medical center. | little information is available on the differences in frequency of pyrogenic exotoxin genes between strains of group a streptococci that cause scarlet fever and those that cause pharyngotonsillitis in children in taiwan. this study retrospectively monitored the presence of pyrogenic exotoxin genes, the emm typing, and the susceptibility of macrolide drugs in streptococcus pyogenes isolated from children diagnosed with scarlet fever and pharyngotonsillitis in northern taiwan. | 2014 | 23639381 |