Publications

the epidemiology of louping ill in ayrshire: the first year of studies in sheep.		1964	14128320
a preliminary investigation of photosensitization in scottish sheep.		1964	14105239
nitrogenous constituents of serum and urine in normal and scrapie sheep.		1965	14281671
isolation of ovine strains of parainfluenza virus serologically related to type 3.		1966	4291390
a serological examination of scottish strains of louping ill and their relation to other members of the complex.		1966	4964505
the isolation of a haemolytic neisseria from cattle and sheep in the north of scotland.		1966	5948840
observations on the development of periodontal disease in hill sheep and the effect of selenium injections.		1968	5689041
studies on the epidemiology of ovine fasciolosis in scotland.		1968	5753139
brucellosis in sheep.		1969	5812825
a survey of sheep sera for antibodies to an ovine strain of parainfluenza 3 virus.		1969	4309313
epidemiological studies on salmonella senftenberg. ii. infections in farm animals.		1969	5278164
osteodystrophic diseases of sheep. iv. osteomalacia and osteoporosis in lactating ewes on west scotland hill farms.		1970	5531125
salmonellosis in man and animals in n.e. scotland. a ten year review--1959-1968.		1970	5461451
the reproductive efficiency of british breeds of sheep in an equatorial environment.		1970	5529154
variation in carrier rates of pasteurella haemolytica in sheep flocks. i. normal flocks.		1970	5531124
q fever in north-east scotland.		1970	4098056
the epidemiology of louping ill in ayrshire, scotland. ii. ectoparasites of small mammals (ixodidae).		1971	5163209
a clinical study of ram infertilities in scotland.		1971	4397728
seasonal variations in ovine urinary constituents, with special reference to ph and potassium concentration.		1971	5577426
factors involved in middle ear infection (otitis media) in lambs.		1972	5079245
bracken retinopathy in sheep.		1972	4515549
studies of serological reactions in ovine toxoplasmosis encountered in intensively-bred sheep.		1972	4652151
an epidemiological survey of infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) of sheep in southern scotland.		1973	4591586
the prophylaxis of ovine fascioliasis by the strategic use of rafoxanide.		1973	4693386
a further study of the epidemiology of ovine fascioliasis in scotland and its control using molluscicide.		1973	4721938
the effects of nutrition and rainfall at the time of mating on the reproductive performance of ewes.		1973	4522378
the rut and the occurrence of oestrus in the soay sheep on st kilda.		1973	4522395
porcine and ovine lymphosarcoma: a review.		1973	4574189
type ii ostertagiasis in housed sheep.		1973	4772560
the effect of premating stress on the onset of oestrus and on ovulation rate in scottish blackface ewes.		1973	4796187
observations on the control of nematodes in housed young female sheep.		1974	4816770
the recovery of pasteurella haemolytica from the tonsils of adult sheep.		1974	4445591
isolation of y. pseudotuberculosis from a foal.		1974	4819707
louping-ill virus in red grouse in scotland.		1974	4375344
proceedings: ecology and control of headflies attacking sheep in the west of scotland.		1974	4419360
a new adenovirus from sheep.		1974	4138913
maternal and lateral transmission of scrapie in sheep.		1974	4212154
causes of mortality among young scottish blackface lambs.		1974	4615429
red foot disease of lambs.		1974	4819708
liver fluke in great britain: a survey of affected livers.	over a period of 15 months data were collected from abattoirs in great britain on 213,082 cattle and 362,838 sheep livers to determine the distribution and prevalence of damage by fasciola hepatica. the stock came from 8239 farms, and from livestock markets in 81 counties. 53 per cent of the farms had sent affected stock, with significant percentages in eastern as well as the western counties of england and scotland. 21 per cent of all cattle and 7 per cent of all sheep livers examined were affe ...	1975	1202744
an investigation into dystocia in a south country cheviot flock.	an abnormally high incidence of dystocia was encountered in the south country cheviot flock at the hill farming research organisation's research station at sourhope, yetholm, roxburghshire over the past four years, 1970 to 1973. lambing records were only available for 1972 and 1973 for sourhope ewes and gimmers of all breeds and showed the following: (see article) this meant that in terms of attention and vigilance, a high shepherding input was necessary with the south country cheviot flock. int ...	1975	1202743
studies in scottish hill sheep. i. changes in the susceptibility of the breeding ewe to ostertagia spp.		1975	1168661
a study of the application of the stormont "wet day" fluke forecasting system in scotland.		1975	1148813
seasonal variations in the gastro-intestinal nematode populations of scottish hil sheep.	in each of two consecutive years, groups of breeding ewes were removed from a hill farm in the west of scotland on four occasions, namely late pregnancy, early lactation, autumn and early winter. at slaughter the major nematode genus present in the alimentary tract was ostertagia, with o circumcincta the predominant species but three species previously found in scottish hill sheep, bunostomum trigonocephalum, strongyloides papillosis and chabertia ovina were absent. an absolute increase in total ...	1975	1144923
studies in scottish hill sheep. i. changes in the susceptibility of the lamb to ostertagia spp.		1975	1141463
editorial: deer more profitable than sheep?		1975	1136124
william ford robertson (1867-1923): his study of neuroglia.		1975	1102820
procedures for large-scale antiserum production in sheep.	the increased cost of maintaining and purchasing small laboratory animals used in the production of large quantities of antiserum resulted in a search for a more suitable animal. this paper describes the procedures used to raise antisera in scottish mountain sheep.	1975	807656
host-pathogen interactions in scrapie.	there are many strains of the agent which causes scrapie and these can be used singly or given as mixed infections to investigate the ways in which agent and host control mechanisms interact during the pathogenesis of the disease. two genes in mice are described; one only affects the kinetics of the disease when extraneural injections are used, the other acts irrespective of the route of injection and it is suggested that it determines the structure of a multimeric agent-replication site, the nu ...	1975	807505
an outbreak of c welchii type c enterotoxaemia in young lambs in south west scotland.		1975	164082
epidemiological studies on nematodirus species in sheep.	faecal egg count and pasture larval studies on n battus and n filicollis in lambs showed distinct differences in epidemiology, the infective larvae of n battus hatching over a short restricted period in spring, whereas those of n filicollis show an extended period of hatching, beginning in autumn and increasing steadily through the winter to reach a spring peak. this difference was considered to be responsible for the much slower annual rate of increase recorded for n filicollis. pasture infecti ...	1975	1215676
brucella abortus infection in sheep. i. field case.		1976	816418
an outbreak of s typhimurium in sheep and its consequences.	an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium in an upland sheep flock was characterised by rapid spread and heavy mortalities in ewes and young lambs. clinical signs included diarrhoea and abortion. abomasitis was the most striking and consistent post mortem lesion. vaccination was the only control method that was apparently successful. infection also occurred in the cattle, farm personnel, and a dog. following the outbreak, pasture contamination and excreting cattle provided a reservoir of infection s ...	1976	769302
brucellosis in animals.		1976	941009
a study of a strategic dosing programme against ovine fascioliasis on a hill farm.	in a farm-scale veterinary preventive programme run from 1973 to 1976 the use of rafoxanide (flukanide; merck sharp & dohme) in the prophylaxis of ovine fascioliasis resulted in a marked reduction in the percentage of ewes passing fluke eggs in the faeces and an absence of clinical cases of fascioliasis throughout these years. three separate flocks of hill sheep were used in this study in which the aim of the dosing programme followed was to kill the majority of liver flukes (fasciola hepatica) ...	1977	878250
a survey of rotaviruses in sheep in scotland.		1977	867760
a five-year study of the epidemiology of fascioliasis in the north, east and west of scotland.		1977	608065
studies on the epidemiology of dictyocaulus filaria infection in blackface sheep on a low-ground scottish farm.	the excretion of dictyocaulus filaria larvae in the faeces of blackface sheep on a heavily stocked lowland farm in south east scotland, showed considerable individual, week to week and year to year variation. patent infections were first observed in lambs in may or june but the heaviest and most prevalent infections occurred in the autumn. infection levels were generally low but infections tended to be prolonged and reinfection occurred following anthelmintic treatment until the late autumn or w ...	1977	146903
antibodies to ovine adenoviruses in sheep in scotland.		1977	415407
studies of louping-ill virus (flavivirus group) in wild red grouse (lagopus lagopus scoticus).	studies were made to find evidence of louping-ill virus infection in free-living red grouse and relate this to their breeding success. in areas where ticks were abundant 61 (84%) adult grouse had antibody to the virus compared with 1 (10%) in areas where ticks were relatively scarce. of 162 chicks tested 25 were shown to be viraemic. infected chicks were of significantly less weight than comparably aged uninfected birds and the probability that they died was much greater than that of uninfected ...	1978	212479
headfly damage in argyll and central scotland.		1978	654043
immunoglobulin concentrations in scottish blackface lambs on a hill farm.	the serum immunoglobulin concentration in one- to 11-day-old scottish blackface lambs born outdoors on a hill farm were very similar to those in scottish blackface lambs born indoors on an experimental lowland farm. the concentrations were significantly higher in single lambs than in twins, and in lambs which survived for six months than in lambs which died, and showed significant annual variations which could not be related to the weather. they were significantly correlated with the ages of the ...	1978	653126
a study of the effects of copper deficiency in scottish blackface lambs on improved hill pasture.	one member of each pair of twin lambs from 37 five-and six-year-old scottish blackface ewes, grazing reseeded pasture suspected of causing a molybdenum-sulphur induced copper deficiency in sheep, was given an injection of 12.5 mg copper calcium edetate at about eight weeks of age. plasma copper concentrations of these lambs were maintained in the normal range by further injections of copper as required (treatment group). the remaining member of each twin pair received no copper therapy (control ...	1979	573017
field studies on enzootic abortion of ewes in south east scotland.	statistical data were collected from 20 sheep flocks in which enzootic abortion of ewes (eae) was diagnosed by examination of fetal material and maternal blood samples. the abortion rate in the 10,645 ewes in these flocks was 7.6 per cent. thirteen of the flocks were fully vaccinated against eae but the abortion rate in these was still in the order of 6.5 per cent. eae was the major cause of the problem as ascertained from the laboratory examination of samples from a wide range of cases of abort ...	1979	552732
the biological selenium status of livestock in britain as indicated by sheep erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity.	the reliability of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity as an indicator of selenium status in livestock is discussed. based on this measurement, a survey is described of the biological selenium status of sheep on each of 329 farms in britain. results showed that 47 per cent of these farms were probably unable to provide grazing livestock with sufficient selenium to maintain blood levels greater than 0.075 microgram per ml. increased selenium deficiency from the increasing use of home grow ...	1979	473499
an accidental laboratory infection with trypanosomes of a defined stock. ii. studies on the serological response of the patient and the identity of the infecting organism.		1980	7185920
virus infections in cattle and sheep in scotland 1975-1978.	over the four-year period 1975-78 attempts were made to identify virus in samples from 1231 outbreaks of disease in cattle, and 682 outbreaks of disease in sheep. a virus identification was possible in 26 per cent of these disease outbreaks. the nature and significance of these virus infections is discussed.	1980	6244693
a survey of sheep losses and their causes on commercial farms in the north of scotland.	a three year survey on sheep deaths and their causes was conducted on 10 commercial farms in the north of scotland. diseases and other trauma associated with the perinatal period accounted for 56.81% of all ewe deaths, while pneumonia, parasitic gastroenteritis, torsion of the bowel and haemorrhagic enteritis (redgut) accounted for a further 21.7%. no one disease condition predominated in the rams and hoggs. in lambs, most deaths occurred between birth and four days old (77.86%). causes came in ...	1980	7361390
flies associated with cattle in south west scotland during the summer months.	the sheep headfly, hydrotaea irritans, and morellia simplex were the species most frequently associated with cattle at pasture and comprised 69.01 per cent and 13.93 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection made from grazing cattle. the most prevalent biting fly was haematobosca stimulans which comprised 4.46 per cent of the total catch. a few clegs, haematopota pluvialis, and horse flies, hybomitra distinguenda, were also recorded. a few of the headflies swarming around cattle entere ...	1981	7244374
investigations on a babesia isolated from scottish sheep.	the pathognomic, serologic and morphometric identity of a babesia sp. recently isolated from sheep in argyllshire was studied. initially, problems were encountered due to the occurrence of eperythrozoon ovis as a contaminant of the isolate and treatment with neoarsphenamine failed to remove it. finally, a combination of oxytetracycline therapy and rapid passage allowed isolation of the babesia sp. and its preservation in the form of a glycerolized, infected blood stabilate. inoculation of the st ...	1981	7329723
an outbreak of diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidiosis in naturally reared lambs.		1982	7186701
copper poisoning in sheep from north ronaldsay maintained on a diet of terrestrial herbage.	copper toxicity occurred in north ronaldsay sheep fed on a diet of terrestrial herbage relatively high in molybdenum. five sheep were taken from the island of north ronaldsay, orkney to the veterinary investigation centre at thurso and fed solely on the herbage of the laboratory paddocks, supplemented in winter by hay made from these paddocks. the level of copper, molybdenum, zinc and total sulphur in the terrestrial herbage was analysed, together with the seaweeds which form the major part of t ...	1982	7147642
outbreak of listeria meningoencephalitis in young lambs.	an outbreak of listeriosis occurred in five-week-old lambs in a flock of 200 dorset ewes and 240 lambs in-wintered. nine lambs were lost within a period of 10 days. no cases of stillbirth or abortion or cerebral listeriosis occurred in the ewes. silage had been fed on this farm to both cattle and sheep for 10 years without any previous problems. a description of the outbreak and the findings are reported.	1983	6415890
cysts of sarcocystis tenella in north ronaldsay sheep.		1983	6419441
role of enzootic abortion and toxoplasmosis in an outbreak of abortion in a scottish sheep flock.	during 1978-79 there was an outbreak of abortion in a large sheep flock during which approximately 10 per cent of the breeding ewes aborted. both toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia ovis (the agent of enzootic abortion of ewes) were considered to be involved. in the year following this outbreak (1979-80), 156 ewes (11.4 per cent) aborted and the majority of cases were diagnosed as enzootic abortion: only one case showed gross pathology typical of toxoplasmosis. serology carried out on sera collected ...	1983	6649377
the herring gull larus argentatus as a likely transmitting agent of salmonella montevideo to sheep and cattle.	this paper presents evidence for the involvement of herring gulls (larus argentatus) as vectors in the recent outbreaks of salmonella montevideo in sheep and cattle in scotland and suggests that the transfer can take place over considerable distances. the breeding area in scotland of herring gulls which overwinter in n.e. england is remarkably similar to the geographical distribution of the outbreaks. this pattern, together with the feeding behaviour of herring gulls on farmland, the presence of ...	1983	6663059
salmonella montevideo infection in sheep and cattle in scotland, 1970-81.	outbreaks of abortion associated with infection by salmonella montevideo have affected sheep in the east, especially the south-east, of scotland each year since 1972. disease in the north and north-east was usually less severe. between 1 january 1970 and 31 december 1981, a total of 67 incidents affecting sheep were reported by veterinary laboratories to the communicable diseases (scotland) unit, 87% of which presented during the main lambing months of february, march and april. twenty-one episo ...	1983	6833746
warble infestation of sheep.		1983	6836895
the diagnosis, occurrence and distribution of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis in scotland 1975 to 1981.		1983	6839123
assessment of ram fertility in hill flocks in argyll.	examination of 1260 rams, involving 1540 semen examinations, revealed that 9 per cent of rams in hill flocks in argyll were subfertile as assessed by semen evaluation. although 34 lesions of the genitalia were identified, only 13 were associated with poor semen quality. a five year survey of one blackface flock resulted in the elimination, after three years, of a 17 per cent level of infertility following routine examination of all rams, with an increase of 2.27 per cent in the lamb crop. based ...	1984	6464323
autumn nematodiriasis.		1984	6516192
autumn nematodiriasis.		1984	6523718
outbreak of posthitis in grazing wethers in scotland.		1985	3992856
prolonged gestation in sheep in western scotland associated with diffuse neuronal necrosis of the fetal central nervous system.	a specific disorder of sheep resulting in gestation periods extending up to eight months is reported for the first time. the condition, which is of low prevalence, occurs on hill farms in coastal regions of western scotland and affected ewes usually die unless relieved of their fetuses by surgery. the fetuses may weigh up to 12 kg and have long hairy coats, skeletal deformities, precocious gonadal development and extensive liquefaction of central nervous system tissue. the aetiology has not been ...	1985	4049701
serogroups of bacteroides nodosus isolated from ovine footrot in britain.		1985	3992861
observations on watery mouth in newborn lambs.		1985	3995251
epidemiology of nematodirus battus infection in eastern scotland.	a field investigation was carried out from 1981 to 1983 on the prevalence of nematodirus battus under different systems of lowland sheep management. pasture larval counts, ewe and lamb worm egg counts, and tracer lamb worm counts were carried out. as expected, contamination was generally greater on permanent pasture than on new leys as measured by pasture larval counts and lamb worm egg counts. however significant contamination was also recorded on young grass fields for which alternate grazing ...	1985	4001558
ovine listerial encephalitis: analysis, hypothesis and synthesis.	analysis of field data suggested that listerial encephalitis in sheep was most common in winter and early spring in the age groups of sheep which would be cutting, changing and possibly losing teeth. it was hypothesised that under these conditions ingested listeria monocytogenes could reach the fine dental terminals of the trigeminal nerve causing an ascending neuritis and encephalitis. experimental inoculation of organisms into the dental pulp demonstrated the feasibility of this route of infec ...	1985	4002594
sheep histocompatibility antigens: a population level comparison between lymphocyte antigens previously defined in france, england and scotland, and sheep red cell groups.	a comparison test was performed to look for correlations between the three nomenclature systems for sheep histocompatibility antigens which have been previously described in france, england and scotland. 187 french sheep from a wide variety of breeds were typed for lymphocyte antigens with antisera which detect the ola, p and ed series of antigens; they were also tested against 387 uncharacterized french antisera. six clusters of sera were found which showed correspondence between antigens of at ...	1985	4003855
an epidemiological study of salmonella montevideo by biotyping.	among 622 cultures of salmonella montevideo, 27 biotypes belonging to two biogroups were recognized. one biogroup (10di) was predominant in all animals in scotland but only in sheep in england and wales. the other (biogroup 2d) was responsible for almost all human, cattle and poultry infection in england and wales, but only 24% of human infection in scotland.	1985	4020111
less pasteurellosis in sheep.		1986	3716159
lean ewes and twin lamb disease common.		1986	3716121
observation of 110m ag in chernobyl fallout.		1986	3736660
some aspects of tick-borne diseases of british sheep.	the significance of tick-borne fever (tbf) and other tick-borne diseases of british sheep are reviewed. experimental and field studies were carried out to clarify the role of tbf as a pathogen per se and as a predisposing factor in other diseases. experimental tbf infection caused anorexia and depression in two- to three-week-old lambs, which under the stress of a hill environment could alone be a cause of mortality. nine out of 10 lambs experimentally inoculated with staphylococcus aureus durin ...	1986	3754669
incidence of rupture of the liver in neonatal lambs in the north of scotland.		1986	3487877
further investigations of a hydatid focus in north-west scotland.	a serological survey carried out on 1379 school-children from skye and mallaig in the n.w. of scotland failed to show evidence of subclinical cases of hydatidosis. there appeared to be a relatively low level of exposure to the parasite, as judged by elisa and iha tests. thirty-one children reacted positively in the elisa; only one child had a transient positive result in the iha test. surveillance of these children will be continued for the present but the duration required is uncertain. the loc ...	1986	3950391
serological surveillance for maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in northern ireland.	the results of serological testing for maedi-visna virus infection in indigenous and non-indigenous sheep in northern ireland, over a five year period (1980 to 1984) are presented. in tests carried out in 1980 and 1981 on pedigree breeds, 10 reactors were identified on seven farms and maedi-visna virus was isolated on three occasions from leucocyte cultures. none of the animals showed clinical signs of maedi-visna and all the reactors were subsequently destroyed. nine of the reactors were import ...	1986	3010539
a survey by questionnaire of parasitic worm control in cattle and sheep at the glasgow university lanark practice.	the results of a questionnaire circulated in 1984 concerning parasitic worm control on cattle and sheep farms in a veterinary practice in the west of scotland are reported. control by grazing management or anthelmintic treatment was used in 92 per cent of the cattle herds and in all the sheep flocks. the use of anthelmintic drugs was greatest on farms where grazing control was also practised. benzimidazoles were the most frequently used anthelmintic drugs.	1987	3424632
border disease without nervous signs or fleece changes.	a natural infection with border disease virus occurred in a flock on low ground in argyll in the spring of 1984. the outbreak was unusual in that the typical clinical signs of border disease, ie, tremor and, or, fleece changes were not present; manifestations of disease were restricted to abortion and the birth of small weak lambs. the disease was shown to have been introduced to the flock by four healthy ewes persistently infected with border disease virus among a group of 39 purchased in octob ...	1987	3576934
a census of the prevalence of vaginal prolapse in sheep flocks in the borders region of scotland.	a postal census of vaginal prolapse in sheep flocks in the borders region of scotland yielded 540 replies from 963 owners (56 per cent). there were 262,250 ewes in 976 flocks and 2573 vaginal prolapses were reported. analysis of the data revealed that 390 (40 per cent) of the flocks had no vaginal prolapses and in 237 (24.3 per cent) the reported prevalence was between 0.1 per cent and 1.0 per cent. only 63 (6.5 per cent) of flocks had a greater than 5 per cent prevalence of vaginal prolapses. t ...	1987	3617413