| prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of hepatitis c virus infection among drug users in amsterdam. | the prevalence, risk factors, and incidence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection were studied in a cohort of drug users in amsterdam. in intravenous drug users, the seroprevalence was 74% (224/304) versus 10% (4/42) in nonintravenous drug users. risk factors independently associated with hcv antibody seropositivity were history and duration of intravenous drug use and frequency of injections. daily smoking of heroin in the previous 6 months was independently associated with the absence of hcv an ... | 1990 | 2119400 |
| hepatitis c virus serotype-specific core and ns4 antibodies in injecting drug users participating in the amsterdam cohort studies. | in the present study, the riba hcv serotyping sia was evaluated with a cohort of injecting drug users. serotyping may be a rapid and cost-effective method of determining genotypes in cohort studies. in this study, hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody-positive sera from a cohort of 331 chronically infected injecting drug users, of which 167 were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), were serotyped by the riba hcv serotyping sia. among the 331 specimens, serotype-specific antibodies were ... | 1998 | 9738057 |
| [reducing the risk of blood-transmitted infections of hiv, hepatitis b or c virus in a teaching hospital in amsterdam--evaluation of a protocol for needlestick accidents among hospital staff during the period 1997-2001]. | to evaluate a protocol for hospital staff aimed at reducing their risk of exposure to blood-transmitted infections. | 2002 | 11957382 |
| [post-exposure treatment against hiv outside of the hospital in amsterdam, january-december 2000]. | the infectious diseases department of the amsterdam public health service regularly sees people who have possibly been exposed to human body fluids infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), as a result of incidents in either a non-hospital-related occupation or during their leisure time. until january 2000, people reporting possible exposure were referred to hospitals for hiv post-exposure prophylaxis (hiv-pep), whereas for hbv and hcv, ... | 2002 | 11957386 |
| risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection in a cohort of drug users in the netherlands, 1985-1996. | to elucidate the mode of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) transmission in a population of amsterdam drug users, hhv-8 seroprevalence and seroincidence were determined in 1179 drug users in the amsterdam cohort studies (1985-1996). risk factors for hhv-8 infection were examined. serum samples were screened with an enzyme immunoassay by using hhv-8 lytic capsid (open-reading frame [orf] 65) and latent nuclear (orf73) antigens; positive results were confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence assay ... | 2002 | 12085330 |
| occupational exposure to bloodborne viruses in the amsterdam police force, 2000-2003. | to assess and evaluate the rate and outcome of occupational exposure to hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the amsterdam police force. | 2005 | 15710272 |
| increase in hcv incidence among men who have sex with men in amsterdam most likely caused by sexual transmission. | we retrospectively screened 1836 men who have sex with men (msm) participating in the amsterdam cohort studies (1984-2003) for hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies. hcv incidence was 0.18/100 person-years (py) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive msm (8/4408 py [95% confidence interval {ci}, 0.08-0.36]) but was 0/100 py in msm without hiv (0/7807 py [95% ci, 0.00-0.05]). after 2000, hcv incidence among hiv-positive men increased 10-fold to 0.87/100 py (5/572 py [95% ci, 0.28-2.03]). addi ... | 2007 | 17570110 |
| full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus: evidence from the amsterdam cohort studies among drug users. | to investigate the impact of harm-reduction programmes on hiv and hepatitis c virus (hcv) incidence among ever-injecting drug users (du) from the amsterdam cohort studies (acs). | 2007 | 17697278 |
| emergence of hepatitis c virus genotype 4: phylogenetic analysis reveals three distinct epidemiological profiles. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotype 4 (hcv-4) infection is considered to be difficult to treat and has become increasingly prevalent in european countries, including the netherlands. using a molecular epidemiological approach, the present study investigates the genetic diversity and evolutionary origin of hcv-4 in amsterdam, the netherlands. phylogenetic analysis of the ns5b sequences (668 bp) obtained from 133 patients newly diagnosed with hcv-4 infection over the period from 1999 to 2008 revealed ... | 2009 | 19794040 |
| alarming incidence of hepatitis c virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis c virus infection in hiv-infected msm. | recent data indicate that seroprevalence of sexually transmitted hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among msm is stabilizing in amsterdam. however, little is known about the incidence of hcv re-infection in msm who have cleared their hcv infection. we, therefore, studied the incidence of re-infection in hiv-infected msm who were hcv rna-negative following hcv treatment of acute primary infection. | 2011 | 21857492 |
| frequent hcv reinfection and superinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users in amsterdam. | this study investigates the occurrence of hcv reinfection and superinfection among hcv seroconverters participating in the amsterdam cohort studies among drug users from 1985 through 2005. | 2009 | 19646773 |
| hepatitis c virus infections among hiv-infected men who have sex with men: an expanding epidemic. | since 2000 outbreaks of sexually transmitted hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections have been reported among hiv-infected men who have sex with men (msm). we studied the prevalence and determinants of hcv-infection among msm attending a large sexually transmitted infection (sti) clinic in the netherlands. | 2009 | 19542864 |
| never injected, but hepatitis c virus-infected: a study among self-declared never-injecting drug users from the amsterdam cohort studies. | the aim of this study was to gain insight in transmission routes of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among never-injecting drug users (du) by studying, incidence, prevalence, determinants and molecular epidemiology of hcv infection. from the amsterdam cohort studies among du, 352 never-injecting du were longitudinally tested for hcv antibodies. logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with antibody prevalence. part of hcv ns5b was sequenced to determine hcv genotype and for p ... | 2009 | 19243497 |
| risk of hepatitis-related mortality increased among hepatitis c virus/hiv-coinfected drug users compared with drug users infected only with hepatitis c virus: a 20-year prospective study. | progression of liver-related disease is accelerated in individuals coinfected with hiv and hepatitis c virus (hcv). because the life expectancy of hiv-infected drug users (dus) improved after the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), hcv-related death is likely to become more important. to disentangle the effects of hcv and hiv, we compared the overall and cause-specific mortality between hcv/hiv-infected dus and hcv-infected dus and dus without hcv or hiv, followed up ... | 2008 | 18223361 |
| population-based study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, and c virus infection in amsterdam, 2004. | in order to enhance screening and preventive strategies, this study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, and c in the general adult urban population and in subgroups. in 2004, sera from 1,364 adult residents of amsterdam were tested for viral markers. sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. for hepatitis a, 57.0% was immune. of first-generation immigrants from turkey and morocco, 100% was immune. of all western persons and second-generati ... | 2007 | 17935187 |
| major decline of hepatitis c virus incidence rate over two decades in a cohort of drug users. | injecting drug users (du) are at high risk for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hiv infections. to examine the prevalence and incidence of these infections over a 20-year period (1985-2005), the authors evaluated 1276 du from the amsterdam cohort studies who had been tested prospectively for hiv infection and retrospectively for hcv infection. to compare hcv and hiv incidences, a smooth trend was assumed for both curves over calendar time. risk factors for hcv seroconversion were determined using poi ... | 2007 | 17334821 |
| changes in risk behavior and dynamics of hepatitis c virus infections among young drug users in amsterdam, the netherlands. | to elucidate the character and magnitude of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) epidemic among drug users in amsterdam, 197 young drug users from the period 2000 to 2004 were compared with 215 counterparts from 1985 to 1989. although injection risk behavior and hcv seroprevalence decreased sharply over time, hcv seroprevalence remains high (44%) among young drug users who have ever injected. phylogenetic analysis shows that current hcv infections originate from diversification of strains already circula ... | 2005 | 16254983 |
| prophylaxis and follow-up after possible exposure to hiv, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus outside hospital: evaluation of policy 2000-3. | prophylactic treatment and follow-up after exposure to hiv, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c outside hospital needs to be improved. | 2005 | 15817550 |
| pre-aids mortality and its association with hiv disease progression in haemophilic men, injecting drug users and homosexual men. | to study pre-aids mortality and its association with hiv disease progression in different exposure groups with known intervals of hiv seroconversion. | 2000 | 10985321 |
| [accidental exposure to blood and the risk of transmission of virus infections for various occupational groups in amsterdam, 1986-1996]. | since 1986 the number of parenteral exposures to potentially infectious blood reported to the amsterdam public health service increases every year. the number of needlestick accidents increased significantly from 64 in 1986 to 166 in 1996 whereas the number of other exposures decreased from 59 to 44 in these years. the increase was mainly seen in nonhospital based (para)medics. a possible explanation of this increase is greater awareness of the potential infection risk with hiv, hepatitis b or c ... | 1998 | 9864528 |
| prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies confirmed by recombinant immunoblot in different population subsets in the netherlands. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was studied in various population subsets in the netherlands with anti-hcv c100 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and confirmed with recombinant immunoblot assay (riba). anti-hcv c100 elisa positivity and riba positivity were found in 39 (0.7%) and 5 (0.1%) of 5,434 blood donors from amsterdam; 25 (5%) and 2 (0.4%) of 481 blood donors from surinam (south america); 19 (9%) and 2 (1%) of 213 multitransfused patients; 28 (4%) and ... | 1991 | 1949707 |
| risk factors in hepatitis c virus-infected blood donors. | risk factors of parenteral and nonparenteral exposure to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection were studied in 125 blood donors in the netherlands who were positive for anti-hcv on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). risk factors were related to confirmatory test results of four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4-riba) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the hcv 5' untranslated region. twelve (10%) of the 125 anti-hcv c100 elisa-positive blood donors were 4-riba positive. eleven (92%) ... | 1991 | 1926325 |
| estimating the force of infection for hcv in injecting drug users using interval-censored data. | summaryinjecting drug users (idus) account for most new hcv infections. the objectives of this study were: to estimate the force of infection for hepatitis c virus in idus within the interval-censoring framework and to determine the impact of risk factors such as frequency of injection, drug injected, sharing of syringes and time of first injection on the time to hcv infection. we used data from the amsterdam cohort study collected in the netherlands and focused on those individuals who were hcv ... | 2011 | 21910930 |
| Needlestick injuries and infectious patients in a major academic medical centre from 2003 to 2010. | To implement adequate preventive measures in a hospital, the number and nature of occupational exposures to blood must be known. In the Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre a standardised procedure was used to assess all reported occupational exposures to blood from 2003 to 2010. 1601 incidents were reported of which 66% were needlestick accidents. Thirty-five percent of the incidents concerned persons in training and 27% concerned experienced nurses. Twenty-nine percent of accidents occurred durin ... | 2011 | 22058270 |
| The origin and evolution of the unique HCV circulating recombinant form 2k/1b. | Since its initial identification in St Petersburg, Russia, the recombinant hepatitis C virus (HCV) 2k/1b has been isolated from several countries throughout Eurasia. The 2k/1b strain is the only recombinant HCV to have spread widely, raising questions about the epidemiological background in which it first appeared. In order to further understand the circumstances by which HCV recombinants might be formed and spread, we estimated the date of the recombination event that generated the 2k/1b strain ... | 2011 | 22114341 |
| hepatitis c virus infection among transmission-prone medical personnel. | hepatitis c virus (hcv)-infected physicians have been reported to infect some of their patients during exposure-prone procedures (epps). there is no european consensus on the policy for the prevention of this transmission. to help define an appropriate preventive policy, we determined the prevalence of hcv infection among epp-performing medical personnel in the academic medical center in amsterdam, the netherlands. the prevalence of hcv infection was studied among 729 epp-performing health care ... | 2011 | 22045049 |
| hepatitis c testing and treatment among active drug users in amsterdam: results from the dutch-c project. | although hepatitis c virus (hcv) treatment has shown to be effective, uptake of treatment among active drug users is still low. the drug users treatment for chronic hepatitis-c project aims to offer active drug users in amsterdam hcv testing and treatment using a multidisciplinary approach. | 2011 | 21042221 |