| interlaboratory and intralaboratory comparisons of indirect immunofluorescence assays for serodiagnosis of lyme disease. | a conventional indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and an anticomplement indirect immunofluorescence assay (acif) for detecting serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in humans were evaluated during a prevalence survey in northern california. sera obtained from 119 current or former residents of an area in which lyme disease is endemic were split and tested by the ifa in two laboratories and the acif in a third. the seropositivity rate ranged from 15 to 20% with 88 to 93% agreement among l ... | 1990 | 2203813 |
| landscape ecology of lyme disease in a residential area of westchester county, new york. | the landscape ecology of lyme disease was studied in 1989 on 67 residences in an endemic area of armonk, westchester county, a northern suburb of new york city. four main habitat types were defined, and each property was surveyed for immature and adult lxodes dammini ticks; 98.6% of 1,790 ticks collected were i. dammini. overall, 67.3% were collected from woods, 21.6% from ecotone (unmaintained edge), 9.1% from ornamental vegetation, and 2% from lawns. larval ticks were concentrated in woods, bu ... | 1991 | 2035514 |
| a comparison of methods for sampling the deer tick, ixodes dammini, in a lyme disease endemic area. | the purpose of this study was to compare the trapping and examining of mice, drag sampling, and co2-baited traps for their ability to detect the presence and abundance of immature deer ticks, ixodes dammini, in a lyme disease endemic area in southern new york state. eight study sites were sampled 14 times between 28 may and 31 august by setting 49 live-traps, four co2-baited traps, and drag sampling 500 m2. a total of 1540 nymphs and 3079 larvae was collected during the study. drag sampling coll ... | 1992 | 1638929 |
| babesiosis: an underdiagnosed disease of children. | babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite babesia microti and is transmitted by the same tick that transmits borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. babesiosis is well recognized in adult residents of southern new england and new york but has been described in only five children. to determine whether children are infected with b microti less often than are adults, a prospective serosurvey was carried out on block island, ri, where babesiosis ... | 1992 | 1594345 |
| incidence and prevalence of lyme disease in a suburban westchester county community. | this study was designed to determine the incidence and prevalence of lyme disease in a section of chappaqua, ny, a residential community in which lyme disease is epidemic, and to identify risk factors for this disease. on the basis of clinical history and baseline serologic testing, the overall prevalence of lyme disease for 114 persons entering the study was 8.8%. the incidence during the 5-month study period of may through september 1989 was 2.6%; all three incident cases had erythema migrans ... | 1992 | 1574232 |
| deer, ticks, and lyme disease. | | 1992 | 1574226 |
| dna analysis of borrelia burgdorferi nch-1, the first northcentral u.s. human lyme disease isolate. | the dna of the first northcentral united states human lyme disease isolate, borrellia burgdorferi nch-1, was characterized and compared with the dnas of nine other b. burgdorferi isolates. strain nch-1 was isolated in august 1989 from a human skin biopsy specimen. dna was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. contour-clamped homogeneous electric field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of in situ-lysed cells was performed to compare the plasmid profile ... | 1992 | 1551988 |
| human babesiosis in new york state: an epidemiological description of 136 cases. | epidemiological data on 136 cases of human babesiosis reported from laboratories and clinicians in the state of new york from 1982 to 1991 were reviewed. all but two patients, who had traveled to nantucket island in massachusetts, acquired disease in suffolk county, long island. the highest average age-group-specific annual incidence rates occurred among men > or = 80 years of age (7.72 per 100,000) and among women 70-79 years of age (3.61 per 100,000). seven patients (5%) had previously undergo ... | 1992 | 1457632 |
| vesicular erythema migrans. | lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. the characteristic rash, erythema migrans, is an early sign of the disease. clinical criteria remain the "gold standard" for diagnosis at this stage of illness. | 1992 | 1444504 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in new york. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), a potentially fatal tick-borne disease, was first described in the upper midwest in 1994. following reports of suspected cases of ehrlichiosis from new york physicians, descriptive and case-control studies were conducted to characterize the epidemiology and risk factors for hge in new york residents. | 1998 | 9554683 |
| human babesiosis in new york state: review of 139 hospitalized cases and analysis of prognostic factors. | babesiosis infections are infrequent, occur in limited geographic locations, and range from asymptomatic infection to severe illness and death. | 1998 | 9801183 |
| estimation of the incidence of lyme disease. | the incidence of lyme disease in most endemic areas is unknown but will be an important factor in determining the cost-effectiveness of lyme disease vaccines in those areas. the authors developed a deterministic model with nine components to estimate the frequency of ixodes scapularis tick bites and the resulting incidence of lyme disease in residents of endemic areas. for each component, best point estimates and plausible ranges of values were based on the published literature, unpublished data ... | 1998 | 9829875 |
| a proposal for the reliable culture of borrelia burgdorferi from patients with chronic lyme disease, even from those previously aggressively treated. | since culture of borrelia burgdorferi from patients with chronic lyme disease has been an extraordinarily rare event, clarification of the nature of the illness and proving its etiology as infectious have been difficult. a method for reliably and reproducibly culturing b. burgdorferi from the blood of patients with chronic lyme disease was therefore sought by making a controlled blood culture trial studying 47 patients with chronic lyme disease. all had relapsed after long-term oral and intraven ... | 1998 | 9861561 |
| temporal relation between ixodes scapularis abundance and risk for lyme disease associated with erythema migrans. | understanding the role that nymphal and female ticks, ixodes scapularis, have in the epidemiology of lyme disease is essential to the development of successful prevention programs. in this study, the authors sought to evaluate the seasonal and annual relations between tick densities and patients > or = 16 years of age diagnosed with erythema migrans (em), the rash associated with early lyme disease. ticks were collected weekly by drag sampling throughout most of the year from 1991 to 1996 in wes ... | 1999 | 10206627 |
| seroprevalence and seroconversion for tick-borne diseases in a high-risk population in the northeast united states. | to determine the prevalence of serologic reactivity, the 1-year incidence of seroconversion, and the frequency of multiple infections, and their associations with symptoms in a group of volunteers at high risk for tick-borne infections in new york state. | 1999 | 10225242 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia spp. isolates from greater metropolitan chicago reveals the presence of borrelia bissettii. preliminary report. | lyme disease in the us is concentrated in three endemic areas: the northeast, the upper mid-west, and the pacific coast. in the mid-west, the range of lyme disease has expanded to include large parts of wisconsin and minnesota. despite its proximity to the mid-western focus, illinois, so far, has not been considered an endemic area. however, more recent data suggest that this situation may be changing. also, the extent of borrelial diversity in the mid-west remains largely unexplored. here, we p ... | 2000 | 11075925 |
| babesiosis in lower hudson valley, new york, usa. | although lyme disease has been endemic to parts of the lower hudson valley of new york, united states, for >2 decades, babesiosis has emerged there only since 2001. the number of lower hudson valley residents in whom babesiosis was diagnosed increased 20-fold, from 6 to 119 cases per year during 2001-2008, compared with an ≈1.6-fold increase for the rest of new york. during 2002-2009, a total of 19 patients with babesiosis were hospitalized on 22 occasions at the regional tertiary care center. c ... | 2011 | 21529393 |
| deer, predators, and the emergence of lyme disease. | lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in north america, and both the annual incidence and geographic range are increasing. the emergence of lyme disease has been attributed to a century-long recovery of deer, an important reproductive host for adult ticks. however, a growing body of evidence suggests that lyme disease risk may now be more dynamically linked to fluctuations in the abundance of small-mammal hosts that are thought to infect the majority of ticks. the continuing an ... | 2012 | 22711825 |
| serum antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi in cottontail rabbits. | archived serum samples, from 95 eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) captured in new york, new york, usa and millbrook, new york, usa, during 1985-86, were analyzed in solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for total and class-specific immunoglobulin (ig) m antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. using a polyvalent conjugate, rabbit sera contained antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens (protein [p]35, p37, o ... | 2012 | 22247369 |
| potential role of deer tick virus in powassan encephalitis cases in lyme disease-endemic areas of new york, u.s.a. | powassan virus, a member of the tick-borne encephalitis group of flaviviruses, encompasses 2 lineages with separate enzootic cycles. the prototype lineage of powassan virus (powv) is principally maintained between ixodes cookei ticks and the groundhog (marmota momax) or striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), whereas the deer tick virus (dtv) lineage is believed to be maintained between ixodes scapularis ticks and the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus). we report 14 cases of powassan encephalit ... | 2013 | 24274334 |
| the prevalence of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in ixodes scapularis collected in the hudson valley, new york state. | ixodes scapularis, the blacklegged tick, is capable of transmitting the pathogens that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi), babesiosis (babesia microti), anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum), and to a lesser extent powassan encephalitis (deer tick virus [dtv]). these pathogens represent significant public health problems, but little is known about the occurrence and co-infection prevalence of these pathogens in i. scapularis. here, we used standard pcr and pathogen-specific primers to ... | 2014 | 24689680 |
| variation in the microbiota of ixodes ticks with regard to geography, species, and sex. | ixodes scapularis is the principal vector of lyme disease on the east coast and in the upper midwest regions of the united states, yet the tick is also present in the southeast, where lyme disease is absent or rare. a closely related species, i. affinis, also carries the pathogen in the south but does not seem to transmit it to humans. in order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adult i. scapularis and 13 adult i. affinis ticks captured i ... | 2015 | 26150449 |
| abundance and infection rates of ixodes scapularis nymphs collected from residential properties in lyme disease-endemic areas of connecticut, maryland, and new york. | | 2015 | 26047204 |
| detection of borrelia miyamotoi and other tick-borne pathogens in human clinical specimens and ixodes scapularis ticks in new york state, 2012-2015. | borrelia miyamotoi (bm) is a recently emerging bacterial agent transmitted by several species of ixodid ticks. diagnosis of bm infection can be challenging, as the organism is not easily cultivable. we have developed and validated a multiplex real-time pcr to simultaneously identify bm infection and the agents causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis, anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis, respectively. the assay is 100% specific; highly sensitive, d ... | 2017 | 28131594 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae), anaplasma phagocytophilum (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), and babesia microti (piroplasmida: babesiidae) in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) collected from recreational lands in the hudson valley region, new york state. | abstract blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, were collected from 27 sites in eight new york state counties from 2003 to 2006 to determine the prevalence and distribution of tick-borne pathogens in public-use areas over a 4-yr period. in total, 11,204 i. scapularis (3,300 nymphs and 7,904 adults) were individually analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease), anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytop ... | 2014 | 24605473 |
| health survey of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in central park, new york, new york, usa: implications for human and domestic animal health. | we conducted health assessments on 113 free-ranging raccoons ( procyon lotor ) in central park, new york city, us, in february 2010, september 2010, and november 2011 in conjunction with a trap-vaccinate-release program to control a raccoon rabies epizootic. five individuals were sampled at two time points for 118 raccoon examinations in total. we tested 13 of 13 and 8 of 13 euthanized raccoons for rabies and canine distemper virus (cdv), respectively, by antigen testing on brain tissue; all wer ... | 2017 | 28135131 |
| impact of white-tailed deer on the spread of borrelia burgdorferi. | there is a public perception that the white-tailed deer odocoileus virginianus (artiodactyla: cervidae) is the main reservoir supporting the maintenance and spread of the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. this study examines the pathogen prevalence rate of borrelia in adult ixodes scapularis (ixodida: ixodidae), the black-legged tick, collected from white-tailed deer and compares it with pathogen prevalence rates in adult ticks gathered by dragging vegetation in two contiguo ... | 2017 | 27699814 |
| three sudden cardiac deaths associated with lyme carditis - united states, november 2012-july 2013. | lyme disease is a multisystem illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete transmitted by certain species of ixodes ticks. approximately 30,000 confirmed and probable cases of lyme disease were reported in the united states in 2012, primarily from high-incidence states in the northeast (connecticut, delaware, maine, maryland, massachusetts, new hampshire, new jersey, new york, pennsylvania, rhode island, and vermont) and upper midwest (minnesota and wisconsin). common manifestations incl ... | 2013 | 24336130 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein antibodies in wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in new york and pennsylvania, usa. | borrelia burgdorferi differentially exhibits outer surface proteins (osp) on its outer membrane, and detection of particular osp antibodies in mammals is suggestive of the infection stage. for example, ospf is typically associated with chronic infection, whereas ospc suggests early infection. a fluorescent bead-based multiplex assay was used to test sera from new york and pennsylvania white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) for the presence of antibodies to ospa, ospc, and ospf. ospf seroprev ... | 2013 | 23507438 |
| dogs and horses with antibodies to outer-surface protein c as on-time sentinels for ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi in new york state in 2011. | reported cases of lyme disease (a chronic disease caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi) in humans increased more than two-fold between 1992 and 2006 in the united states. recently, the annual number of reported human lyme disease cases stabilized (according to the center for disease control and prevention) but the geographic distribution seemed to increase. in new york (ny) state, usa, a spread from the original lyme disease focus in southeastern parts of the state has occurred. we dete ... | 2012 | 22841496 |
| disparities in reportable communicable disease incidence by census tract-level poverty, new york city, 2006-2013. | we described disparities in selected communicable disease incidence across area-based poverty levels in new york city, an area with more than 8 million residents and pronounced household income inequality. | 2015 | 26180961 |
| lyme disease surveillance in new york state: an assessment of case underreporting. | despite the mandatory nature of lyme disease (ld) reporting in new york state (nys), it is believed that only a fraction of the ld cases diagnosed annually are reported to public health authorities. lack of complete ld case reporting generally stems from (i) lack of report of provider-diagnosed cases where supportive laboratory testing is not ordered or results are negative (i.e. provider underreporting) and (ii) incomplete case information (clinical laboratory reporting only with no accompanyin ... | 2016 | 27612955 |
| lyme disease surveillance using sampling estimation: evaluation of an alternative methodology in new york state. | in the 14-year period from 1993 to 2006, new york state (nys) accounted for over one-quarter (27.1%) of all confirmed lyme disease (ld) cases in the united states. during that time period, a nine-county area in south-east nys accounted for 90.6% of the reported ld cases in the state. based on concerns related to diminishing resources at both the state and local level and the increasing burden of traditional ld surveillance, the nys department of health (doh) sought to develop an alternative to t ... | 2016 | 26924579 |
| seasonal activity, density, and collection efficiency of the blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis) (acari: ixodidae) in mid-western pennsylvania. | although pennsylvania has recently reported the greatest number of lyme disease cases in the united states, with the largest increase for pa occurring in its western region, the population biology of the blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis say) has not been adequately characterized in western pa. we studied the seasonal activity of host-seeking i. scapularis larvae, nymphs, and adults in mid-western pa over the course of a year, including a severe winter, and determined their absolute densities ... | 2015 | 26336271 |
| the united states department of agriculture northeast area-wide tick control project: history and protocol. | the northeast area-wide tick control project (neatcp) was funded by the united states department of agriculture (usda) as a large-scale cooperative demonstration project of the usda-agricultural research service (ars)-patented 4-poster tick control technology (pound et al. 1994) involving the usda-ars and a consortium of universities, state agencies, and a consulting firm at research locations in the five states of connecticut (ct), maryland (md), new jersey (nj), new york (ny), and rhode island ... | 2009 | 19650730 |
| impact of host community composition on lyme disease risk. | the drivers of variable disease risk in complex multi-host disease systems have proved very difficult to identify. here we test a model that explains the entomological risk of lyme disease (ld) in terms of host community composition. the model was parameterized in a continuous forest tract at the cary institute of ecosystem studies (formerly the institute of ecosystem studies) in new york state, u.s.a. we report the results of continuing longitudinal observations (10 years) at the cary institute ... | 2008 | 18959321 |
| spatiotemporal bayesian analysis of lyme disease in new york state, 1990-2000. | mapping ordinarily increases our understanding of nontrivial spatial and temporal heterogeneities in disease rates. however, the large number of parameters required by the corresponding statistical models often complicates detailed analysis. this study investigates the feasibility of a fully bayesian hierarchical regression approach to the problem and identifies how it outperforms two more popular methods: crude rate estimates (cre) and empirical bayes standardization (ebs). in particular, we ap ... | 2006 | 16892639 |
| an evaluation of a lyme disease prevention program in a working population. | lyme disease vaccine was offered to new york state department of health employees considered at risk for lyme disease because of their job duties. this evaluation was conducted to assess (1) attitudes that affected employees' decisions to accept or decline the vaccine, (2) preventive behaviors among employees who received the vaccine, and (3) effectiveness of the educational modalities offered in improving knowledge of lyme disease and lyme disease vaccine. | 2007 | 16871815 |
| epidemic and spatial dynamics of lyme disease in new york state, 1990-2000. | lyme disease (ld) occurrence in new york state (nys) has not only increased over time but also spread throughout the state from the original disease focus in southeastern nys. few studies have investigated this epidemic and spatial dynamic in great detail. using data from the nys department of health lyme registry surveillance system, we summarized epidemic and spatial characteristics of ld in nys for the 11-yr time period from 1990 through 2000. new epidemiological trends associated with age, s ... | 2005 | 16363174 |
| lyme disease trends--dutchess county, new york, 1992-2000. | lyme disease is a vector-borne infectious disease, accounting for more than 95% of all reported vector-borne illness in the united states. from 1992 2000, dutchess county reported more cases of lyme disease than any other county in the united states, consistently ranking among the top ten in incidence rates. we analyzed 1992-2000 dutchess county lyme disease surveillance data to characterize lyme disease trends, identify high-risk populations, and examine the frequency of the characteristic lesi ... | 2003 | 12764540 |
| efficacy of an ospa vaccine preparation for prevention of lyme disease in new york state. | a multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was done comparing a 30-microgram dose of a single protein recombinant ospa vaccine preparation with a saline placebo for efficacy in prevention of lyme disease in humans. the ospa vaccine (30-microgram dose) or saline placebo was given intramuscularly at day 0, 1 month later, and 12 months later. cases of possible lyme disease were evaluated clinically and using culture, polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot assays. safety data are bein ... | 2007 | 9717677 |
| activists decry physician disinterest in lyme disease during vancouver conference. | although it was well advertised, few canadian physicians attended a recent conference on lyme disease in vancouver. the apparent lack of interest upsets the president of the lyme borreliosis society, who says many patients have been misdiagnosed, mistreated or untreated and "are now chronically disabled." interestingly, the disease seems to be much more common in the us than canada. in new york state, for instance, more than 26,000 cases have been diagnosed, but in nearby ontario the total is on ... | 1995 | 7664235 |
| lyme disease and infected ticks are spreading throughout new york state. | | 1991 | 1798631 |
| lyme disease surveillance in new york state. | | 1989 | 2594266 |
| national surveillance of lyme disease, 1987-1988. | in 1987 and 1988, 6876 lyme disease cases from 43 states were reported to the centers for disease control. the 4507 cases reported in 1988 was nearly double the case number reported in 1987, and ninefold the number reported in 1982, when a systematic system of national surveillance was established. the average annual incidence of reported lyme disease in the united states in 1987-1988 was 1.4/100,000. new york led the nation in reported cases in 1988 with 57% of the cases reported nationally. ei ... | 1989 | 2758820 |
| lyme disease: epidemiologic characteristics of an outbreak in westchester county, ny. | epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 210 cases of lyme disease in westchester county, new york, reported during 1982 and 1983 are described. most cases occurred during summer months in individuals under age 40 (male: female ratio 1:2 to 1). symptoms included skin rash (75 per cent), joint pain or swelling (50 per cent), bell's palsy (11 per cent), and aseptic meningitis (3 per cent). with greater public and medical awareness of this tick-borne disease, lyme disease is being recognized ... | 1986 | 3940454 |
| incidence and cumulative frequency of endemic lyme disease in a community. | we conducted an epidemiological study of the cumulative frequency and incidence of lyme disease in a summer community on fire island, new york, an area endemic for the disease. fifteen (7.5%) of 200 persons studied in the community in 1982 reported a history of lyme disease. an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay showed that seventeen (9.7%) of 176 persons had serological evidence of exposure to the lyme spirochete, including six of the 15 persons with a history of lyme disease. seven (0.7 ... | 1984 | 6386994 |
| epidemiologic features of lyme disease in new york. | during 1982, surveillance identified 207 cases of lyme disease in new york state. cases were clustered in two geographic areas, eastern long island and northern westchester counties. symptoms and signs of lyme disease in cases were consistent with previous reports, with erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) being the most frequently (77 percent) reported sign of disease. facial palsy was reported in a surprisingly high 18 percent of cases. of 160 cases whose sera were submitted for lyme spirochete sp ... | 2013 | 6334940 |
| spirochetes isolated from the blood of two patients with lyme disease. | we isolated spirochetes from the blood of 2 of 36 patients in long island and westchester county, new york, who had signs and symptoms suggestive of lyme disease. the spirochetes were morphologically similar and serologically identical to organisms recently found to infect lxodes dammini ticks, which are endemic to the area and have been epidemiologically implicated as vectors of lyme disease. in both patients, there was a rise in specific antispirochetal antibodies in paired specimens of serum. ... | 1983 | 6828119 |