| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from the canadian arctic. | prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined in 147 barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from 5 herds in the northwest territories and nunavut, northern canada, by the modified agglutination test (mat). in the mainland herds (bluenose, bathurst, and beverly), antibodies were found in 43 (37%) of 117 caribou, and mat titers were 1:25 in 10, 1:50 in 24, and 1:500 in 9. in the island herds, only 1 (4.3%) of 23 animals sampled from the north baffin island herd was ... | 2001 | 11318582 |
| risk assessment of cadmium exposure in fort resolution, northwest territories, canada. | the aim of this study is to investigate the cadmium (cd) exposure level from traditional food in fort resolution, northwest territories. we used 24-h dietary recalls and traditional food use frequency to obtain information on traditional food consumption, and analysed cadmium concentrations in traditional food. we also estimated total cadmium intake via market and traditional food, and cigarette smoking. traditional food accounted for only 10% of the dietary energy. about 30 species of wildlife ... | 1998 | 9666890 |
| population exposure to radioactivity from consumption of caribou among the dene/métis of denendeh (western northwest territories, canada). | there has been long-standing concern with exposure to radioactivity through the consumption of caribou, particularly in indigenous populations in the western northwest territories, canada, who are traditionally high consumers. we conducted a dietary survey in this region in 1994 to estimate population exposure levels. dietary information was collected from 1012 individuals in sixteen communities (1012 days of 24-hour dietary recalls, 1012 food frequency questionnaires) and radionuclide levels in ... | 1998 | 9577747 |
| rangiferine brucellosis on baffin island. | the standard tube agglutination test (stat) and the complement fixation test (cft) were used to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to brucella spp. in caribou (rangifer tarandus) from three populations on baffin island, canada. during late winter from 1983 to 1986, sera from 17 of 40 north baffin (43%), 11 of 33 northeast baffin (33%) and 12 of 82 south baffin (15%) adult caribou had antibodies in the stat at 1:50 or the cft at 1:5. seroprevalence increased as caribou matured with one (4%) ... | 1997 | 9249700 |
| cadmium in caribou and muskoxen from the canadian yukon and northwest territories. | cadmium, zinc, copper and metallothionein concentrations were measured in liver and kidney tissue of caribou and muskoxen collected from various sites in the canadian yukon and northwest territories. cadmium concentrations in caribou tissues were substantially higher than in muskoxen for all age classes and were comparable to concentrations reported for caribou from northern québec and norway. no geographical site differences in cadmium concentration were observed. cadmium concentrations were po ... | 1994 | 7911600 |
| transfer of 210po and 210pb through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain of northern canada. | natural background activity and food chain transfer of the uranium decay products, 210po and 210pb, were examined in the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain at two locations in the northwest territories of canada. 210po and 210pb activities in lichens differed with species and location. both 210po and 210pb were markedly higher in caribou bone than in wolf bone. 210po activities in liver, kidney, and muscle were similar in both species. caribou fetuses had lower activities of 210po but higher activit ... | 1994 | 7910157 |
| an outbreak of diarrhea due to verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in the canadian northwest territories. | in the summer of 1991 a large outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 associated diarrhea occurred in 6 inuit communities in the canadian northwest territories. the total population of these communities is 5,292. of the 521 individuals who developed diarrhea, 152 (29%) were positive for e. coli o157:h7 on stool culture or positive by verotoxin analysis. median age was 6 years. the attack rate for children < 1 year was 43% in the major affected community of arviat. hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) de ... | 1994 | 7747090 |
| body fat distribution and other cardiac risk factors among circumpolar inuit and nganasan. | secular trends in skinfold thicknesses and body fat distribution were examined in the adult inuit of igloolik, n.w.t. through surveys conducted in 1969/70, 1979/80 and 1989/93. findings were compared with the nganasan population of volochanka (taimir peninsula, siberia), who were examined in 1992/3. the skinfold readings of the inuit have increased over the two decades of observation. currently, the young male inuit and nganasan remain relatively thin, but older inuit men and the women of both p ... | 1995 | 7669126 |
| assessment of dietary exposure to trace metals in baffin inuit food. | chronic metal toxicity is a concern in the canadian arctic because of the findings of high metal levels in wildlife animals and the fact that traditional food constitutes a major component of the diet of indigenous peoples. we examined exposure to trace metals through traditional food resources for inuit living in the community of qikiqtarjuaq on baffin island in the eastern arctic. mercury, cadmium, and lead were determined in local food resources as normally prepared and eaten. elevated concen ... | 1995 | 7588487 |
| food-borne botulism in canada, 1971-84. | sixty-one outbreaks of food-borne botulism involving a total of 122 cases, of which 21 were fatal, were recorded from 1971 to 1984 in canada. most occurred in northern quebec, the northwest territories or british columbia. of the 122 victims 113 were native people, mostly inuit. most of the outbreaks (59%) were caused by raw, parboiled or "fermented" meats from marine mammals; fermented salmon eggs or fish accounted for 23% of the outbreaks. three outbreaks were attributed to home-preserved food ... | 1985 | 2866023 |
| inuvialuit food use and food preferences in aklavik, northwest territories, canada. | annual frequency of use of 32 species of mammals, fish, birds and plants was examined among 36 (43% of all) inuvialuit households in aklavik, nwt. degree of preference for each of 34 traditional and 12 store-bought foods was examined among 36 adults and 35 (83% of all) inuvialuit school children ages 10-16 years, using a likert-type scale. traditional foods were used on average 676 +/- 464 (mean +/- s.d.) times per year, the most frequent being caribou (145, mean), beluga whale (74), hares (35), ... | 1992 | 1463555 |
| serum biochemistry, serology, and parasitology of boreal caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in the northwest territories, canada. | boreal caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) are an ecologically and culturally important wildlife species and now range almost exclusively in the boreal forests of canada, including the northwest territories, northern alberta, and british columbia. boreal caribou are threatened throughout their canadian range because of direct and indirect natural and anthropogenic factors. in the northwest territories, however, they have a continuous range that overall has not yet been subjected to the same degr ... | 2010 | 20966261 |
| fostering community-based wildlife health monitoring and research in the canadian north. | many northern canadians have continued a subsistence lifestyle of wildlife harvesting and, therefore, value sustainable wildlife populations. at a regional wildlife workshop in the sahtu settlement area, northwest territories in 2002, elders and community leaders raised concerns regarding wildlife health, food safety, and the effects of climate change on wildlife. they requested that efforts be put toward training youth in science and increasing involvement of hunters and youth in wildlife resea ... | 2009 | 19953294 |
| accounting for system dynamics in reserve design. | systematic conservation plans have only recently considered the dynamic nature of ecosystems. methods have been developed to incorporate climate change, population dynamics, and uncertainty in reserve design, but few studies have examined how to account for natural disturbance. considering natural disturbance in reserve design may be especially important for the world's remaining intact areas, which still experience active natural disturbance regimes. we developed a spatially explicit, dynamic s ... | 2007 | 17974334 |
| potential spatial overlap of heritage sites and protected areas in a boreal region of northern canada. | under article 8-j of the convention on biological diversity, governments must engage indigenous and local communities in the designation and management of protected areas. a better understanding of the relationship between community heritage sites and sites identified to protect conventional conservation features could inform conservation-planning exercises on indigenous lands. we examined the potential overlap between gwich'in first nations' (northwest territories, canada) heritage sites and ar ... | 2007 | 17391188 |
| spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in terrestrial biota from the canadian arctic. | contaminants in the canadian arctic have been studied over the last twelve years under the guidance of the northern contaminants program. this paper summarizes results from that program from 1998 to 2003 with respect to terrestrial animals in the canadian arctic. the arctic terrestrial environment has few significant contaminant issues, particularly when compared with freshwater and marine environments. both current and historical industrial activities in the north may have a continuing effect o ... | 2005 | 16109438 |
| geographic distribution of the muscle-dwelling nematode parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in north america, using molecular identification of first-stage larvae. | molecular identification of dorsal-spined larvae (dsl) from fecal samples indicates that the protostrongylid parasite parelaphostrongylus odocoilei occupies a broader geographic range in western north america than has been previously reported. we analyzed 2,124 fecal samples at 29 locations from thinhorn sheep (ovis dalli dalli and o. d. stonei), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis and o. c. californiana), mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), ... | 2005 | 16108550 |
| how and why is aquatic quality changing at nahanni national park reserve, nwt, canada? | nahanni national park reserve is located at southwestern nwt-yukon border. one of the first unesco world heritage sites, nahanni lies within taiga cordillera and taiga shield ecozones. base and precious metal mining occurred upstream of nahanni prior to park establishment. nahanni waters, sediments, fish, and caribou have naturally elevated metals levels. baseline water, sediment and fish tissue quality data were collected and analyzed throughout nahanni during 1988-91 and 1992-97. these two pro ... | 2003 | 14570418 |
| prey specialization may influence patterns of gene flow in wolves of the canadian northwest. | this study characterizes population genetic structure among grey wolves (canis lupus) in northwestern canada, and discusses potential physical and biological determinants of this structure. four hundred and ninety-one grey wolves, from nine regions in the yukon, northwest territories and british columbia, were genotyped using nine microsatellite loci. results indicate that wolf gene flow is reduced significantly across the mackenzie river, most likely due to the north-south migration patterns of ... | 2001 | 11903892 |
| a comparison of heavy metal levels in the kidneys of high arctic and mainland caribou populations in the northwest territories of canada. | aluminum, nickel, cadmium, mercury and lead levels were measured in the kidney tissue of banks island peary caribou and barren-ground caribou, from the bluenose herd, of the western northwest territories of canada. cadmium concentrations of bluenose caribou were similar to those reported elsewhere for barren-ground caribou and showed a positive correlation with age. cadmium concentrations of peary caribou were significantly lower than those of bluenose caribou regardless of age, were the lowest ... | 2000 | 10696717 |
| structure, biodiversity, and historical biogeography of nematode faunas in holarctic ruminants: morphological and molecular diagnoses for teladorsagia boreoarcticus n. sp. (nematoda: ostertagiinae), a dimorphic cryptic species in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | discovery of the ostertagiine nematode teladorsagia boreoarcticus n. sp. in muskoxen, ovibos moschatus, from the central canadian arctic highlights the paucity of knowledge about the genealogical and numerical diversity of nematode faunas characteristic of artiodactyls at high latitudes across the holarctic. teladorsagia boreoarcticus is a dimorphic cryptic species distinguished from teladorsagia circumcincta/teladorsagia trifurcata in domestic sheep by a 13% divergence in the nd4 region of mito ... | 1999 | 10577730 |
| spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in canadian arctic freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems: a review. | the state of knowledge of contaminants in canadian arctic biota of the freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems has advanced enormously since the publication of the first major reviews by lockhart et al. and thomas et al. in the science of the total environment in 1992. the most significant gains are new knowledge of spatial trends of organochlorines and heavy metal contaminants in terrestrial animals, such as caribou and mink, and in waterfowl, where no information was previously available. spatia ... | 1999 | 10466229 |
| Behavioural trade-offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies. | 1. Macroparasites may be a major factor shaping animal behaviour. Tundra ecosystems inhabited by caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are known for large concentrations of ectoparasites including mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae), as well as endoparasitic oestrid flies (Oestridae). 2. Increased intensity and duration of insect harassment because of climatic warming is hypothesized as a potential factor in recent declines of Rangifer across the circumpolar north. Although th ... | 2012 | 21950373 |
| Community-based health research led by the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation. | This paper documents an exceptional research partnership developed between the Vuntut Gwitchin Government (VGG) in Old Crow, Yukon, with a group of scientists to examine northern food security and health as part of a larger, multidisciplinary International Polar Year (IPY) research program. We focus on the elements that enabled a successful community-researcher relationship. Study design. The VGG led the development of the research and acted as Principal Investigator on the IPY grant. The multid ... | 2011 | 21884655 |
| Subpopulation structure of caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) in arctic and subarctic Canada. | Effective management and conservation of species, subspecies, or ecotypes require an understanding of how populations are structured in space. We used satellite-tracking locations and hierarchical and fuzzy clustering to quantify subpopulations within the behaviorally different barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), Dolphin and Union island caribou (R. t. groenlandicus x pearyi), and boreal (R. t. caribou) caribou ecotypes in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada. Using ... | 2011 | 21939065 |
| radiocesium body burdens in residents of northern canada from 1963-1990. | measurements of 137cs body burdens in over 1,100 people from five northern canadian communities were carried out with a portable whole body counting system during the winters of 1989 and 1990. these results are compared with over 3,000 similar measurements carried out during 1967-1969. community mean body burdens and body concentrations had decreased by approximately a factor of 30 between the two survey periods. the dependence of body concentrations on the sex and age of the subjects has also c ... | 1997 | 9030845 |
| caribou consumption in northern canadian communities. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) found in both farmed and wild deer, elk, and moose in the united states and canada. surveillance efforts in north america identified the geographical distribution of the disease and mechanisms underlying distribution, although the possibility of transmission to other cervids, including caribou, and noncervids, including humans, is not well understood. because of the documented importance of caribou (rangifer tarandu ... | 2016 | 27556568 |
| dosimetry of 210po in humans, caribou, and wolves in northern canada. | effective doses from 210po intake with caribou meat were determined for human residents in baker lake and snowdrift in the northwest territories of canada and compared to doses calculated from reported 210po tissue activities in alaskan and british residents (hill 1966; blanchard and moore 1971). effective doses were calculated to separate body tissues, using icrp 60 human weighting factors and the icrp 30 metabolic model for 210po. baker lake and alaskan effective doses were similar at 0.4 msv ... | 1994 | 7910158 |
| development and availability of the free-living stages of ostertagia gruehneri, an abomasal parasite of barrenground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), on the canadian tundra. | climate change in the arctic is anticipated to alter the ecology of northern ecosystems, including the transmission dynamics of many parasite species. one parasite of concern is ostertagia gruehneri, an abomasal nematode of rangifer ssp. that causes reduced food intake, weight loss, and decreased pregnancy rates in reindeer. we investigated the development, availability, and overwinter survival of the free-living stages of o. gruehneri on the tundra. fecal plots containing o. gruehneri eggs were ... | 2012 | 22717158 |
| environmental contaminants in caribou in the northwest territories, canada. | caribou (rangifer tarandus) are strict herbivores with a winter diet consisting primarily of lichen. this simple food chain makes caribou a good species for monitoring changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination. the defined ranges of herds across the northwest territories (nwt) also enables examination of spatial trends in contaminant exposure. caribou were collected from five locations in the first half of a study designed to examine levels of a broad spectrum of organochlorine, heav ... | 1995 | 7892575 |
| cadmium and other elements in tissues from four ungulate species from the mackenzie mountain region of the northwest territories, canada. | tissue samples from four ungulate species from the south mackenzie mountain region of the northwest territories (nt), canada, were analysed for stable and radioactive elements and (15)n and (13)c stable isotopes. elevated cd concentrations in moose (alces americanus) kidney have been observed in the region and are a health care concern for consumers of traditional foods. this study examined the factors associated with, and potential renal effects from, the accumulation of cadmium, and interactio ... | 2016 | 27240258 |
| brucella suis biotype 4: a case of granulomatous nephritis in a barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus l.) with a review of the distribution of rangiferine brucellosis in canada. | severe granulomatous nephritis caused by brucella suis biotype 4 was found in a barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from northwest territories, canada. a review of the distribution of human and animal cases of brucellosis in northern canada indicated that b. suis biotype 4 is distributed widely and is probably enzootic in most canadian caribou herds. | 1986 | 2902236 |
| frequency of consumption of foods and beverages by inuvialuit adults in northwest territories, arctic canada. | limited data exist regarding nutrient intakes and overall dietary quality in canadian arctic populations. this cross-sectional study determined the frequency of consumption of traditional meats (e.g. caribou, polar bear, seal, char and whale) and non-traditional store-bought foods including non-traditional meats (e.g. beef, pork and chicken), grains, dairy, fruits, vegetables and non-nutrient dense foods (nndfs) (e.g. butter, chocolate, chips, candy and pop) by inuvialuit adults (175 women, mean ... | 2012 | 22475024 |
| barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) behaviour after recent fire events; integrating caribou telemetry data with landsat fire detection techniques. | fire regimes are changing throughout the north american boreal forest in complex ways. fire is also a major factor governing access to high-quality forage such as terricholous lichens for barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). additionally, fire alters forest structure which can affect barren-ground caribou's ability to navigate in a landscape. here, we characterize how the size and severity of fires are changing across five barren-ground caribou herd ranges in the northwest te ... | 2017 | 27506958 |
| estimating changes in lichen mat volume through time and related effects on barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) movement. | lichens form a critical portion of barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) diets, especially during winter months. here, we assess lichen mat volume across five herd ranges in the northwest territories and nunavut, canada, using newly developed composite landsat imagery. the lichen volume estimator (lve) was adapted for use across 700 000 km2 of barren ground caribou habitat annually from 1984-2012. we subsequently assessed how lve changed temporally throughout the time series fo ... | 2017 | 28328953 |