| [cross-sectional study of intestinal parasites and chagas' disease in the municipality of novo airão, state of amazonas, brazil]. | a cross-sectional study was performed on the residents of one in every ten households in the town of novo airão, in the northern meso-region of the state of amazonas, 250 kilometers from manaus by riverboat. a family cluster sample of 89 dwellings was studied. a stool sample was requested from each of the inhabitants for examination using the lutz sedimentation and baermann-moraes-coutinho techniques, and blood was taken by venous puncture for trypanosoma cruzi elisa antibody testing and immunof ... | 1999 | 10502145 |
| evaluation of antigens from various leishmania species in a western blot for diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | a western blot method that uses antigens from culture promastigote forms of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, l. (leishmania) amazonensis, l. (leishmania) tropica, and a trypanosomatid (strain 268t) isolated from naturally infected tomatoes was evaluated for laboratory diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). serum samples were obtained from 108 patients with atl (group i), 23 chagasic patients (group ii), 32 patients with other diseases (group iii), and 78 healthy individuals (gr ... | 2002 | 12135276 |
| molecular epidemiology of american trypanosomiasis in brazil based on dimorphisms of rrna and mini-exon gene sequences. | american trypanosomiasis is transmitted in nature via a sylvatic cycle, where trypanosoma cruzi interacts with wild triatomines and mammalian reservoirs, or via a domestic cycle where the parasite comes into contact with humans through domiciliated triatomines. the pool of t. cruzi isolates consists of sub-populations presenting a broad genetic diversity. in contrast to the heterogeneity suggested by isoenzyme analysis, pcr amplification of sequences from the 24s alpha rrna gene and from the non ... | 1998 | 9504338 |
| [wild vectors of chagas' disease in an urban area of manaus (am): flying activity during dry and rainy seasons]. | adults of rhodnius prolixus, r. pictipes and panstrongylus geniculatus found in houses in manaus have high rates of trypanosoma cruzi infection. rhodnius spp. were found throughout the year, but males of p. geniculatus were significantly more frequent in the dry season. | 1998 | 9477705 |
| [human populations attacked by wild triatominae in the amazonas: a new form of transmission of chagas disease?]. | an "attack" of wild triatomines (rhodnius brethesi) to piaçaca workers (leopoldinia piaçaba) is confirmed in the locality of acuquaia, at padauari river, affluent of rio negro in the municipality of barcelos, state of amazonas, brazil. a serological prevalence of 12.5% for t. cruzi antibodies in human population, in the city of barcelos, has already been described in a previous paper. a strong association between the serological positivity and the population contact with wild triatomines, known ... | 1994 | 7855369 |
| chagas' disease in the brazilian amazon. iii. a cross-sectional study (1). | two serological surveys for chagas' infection were carried out, in 1991 and 1993, respectively, using a conglomerate family samples from the residents in the town of barcelos (in the northern part of the state of amazonas, on the right bank of the rio negro, 490 km up-river from manaus), using indirect immunofluorescent tests for anti-t. cruzi antibodies. in the first survey (1991), 628 blood samples from the residents of 142 dwellings were tested, showing positive in 12.7% for anti-t. cruzi ant ... | 1995 | 8729751 |
| emerging chagas disease in amazonian brazil. | in the amazon basin, trypanosoma cruzi infection is enzootic, involving a variety of wild mammals and at least 10 of the 16 reported silvatic triatomine bug species. human cases of chagas disease are increasing, indicating that the disease may be emerging as a wider public health problem in the region: 38 cases from 1969 to 1992, and 167 in the past eight years. this article reviews the status of chagas disease in amazonian brazil, including known reservoirs and vectors, and the genetic diversit ... | 2002 | 11998705 |
| chagas' disease in the amazon basin iii. ecotopes of ten triatomine bug species (hemiptera: reduviidae) from the vicinity of belém, pará state, brazil. | | 1981 | 6790704 |
| chagas' disease in the brazilian amazon. i--a short review. | at least eighteen species of triatominae have been found in the brazilian amazon, nine of them naturally infected with trypanosoma cruzi or "cruzi-like" trypanosomes and associated with numerous wild reservoirs. despite the small number of human cases of chagas' disease described to date in the brazilian amazon the risk that the disease will become endemic in this area is increasing for the following reasons: a) uncontrolled deforestation and colonization altering the ecological balance between ... | 1994 | 7732267 |
| chagas' disease in the brazilian amazon. ii. a serological survey. | a serological survey, involving indirect immunofluorescence testing of blood sera samples, was carried out on the residents of one in every five dwellings in the town of barcelos (in the northern part of the state of amazonas, on the right bank of the rio negro, 490 km from manaus by river) and on the rural populations of the villages of piloto and marará (also on the right bank of the rio negro, 30 minutes by boat from barcelos). a total of 710 sera samples were tested, 628 from the resident po ... | 1995 | 7481464 |
| chagas' disease in the amazon basin iv. host records of trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes in the states of amazonas and rondonia, brazil. | of 151 trypanosoma cruzi stocks from 117 different individual hosts collected in the states of amazonas and rondonia, 147 from 113 hosts were identified as zymodeme 1 (z1). these included t. cruzi stocks from three marsupial species, two rodent species and three triatomine species although most were from the common opossum, didelphis marsupialis. one t. cruzi stock from rhodnius robustus was identified as z1 with a z3 pgm character, one from sciurus sp. as z3 and two from monodelphis brevicaudat ... | 1984 | 6441530 |
| vertebrate hosts and vectors of trypanosoma rangeli in the amazon basin of brazil. | a total of 46 trypanosoma rangeli stocks were isolated from naturally infected mammals and triatomine vectors. twenty-two stocks were from the common opossum (didelphis marsupialis), one from the brown "4-eyed" opossum (metachirus nudicaudatus), one from the anteater (tamandua tetradactyla), one from the coati (nasua nasua), seven from rhodnius pictipes and 14 from rhodnius robustus. two stocks were also isolated from recently fed sandflies (lutzomyia sp., shannoni group). the stocks were identi ... | 1983 | 6418015 |
| do radically dissimilar trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause venezuelan and brazilian forms of chagas' disease? | 316 isolates of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative organism of chagas' disease, were collected from three geographical areas: venezuela, where chagas' disease does not cause megacardia, megaoesophagus, and megacolon; the brazilian amazon basin, where t. cruzi is silvatic and human infection is rare; and central and eastern brazil, where t. cruzi infection is commonly associated with "mega" syndromes. the distribution in these regions of three radically dissimilar enzymic strains or "zymodemes" of ... | 1981 | 6113312 |
| chagas's disease in the amazon basin: ii. the distribution of trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes 1 and 3 in pará state, north brazil. | in pará state, brazil, 123 trypanosoma cruzi stocks were isolated from 12 silvatic mammal species, five silvatic triatomine species and individuals with acute chagas's disease. 100 t. cruzi stocks were identified as zymodeme (z) 1, 17 as z3 and 6 as z3 with z1 asat character, but none were t. cruzi z2. z1 was predominantly isolated from arboreal mammals, especially didelphis marsupialis; z3 was mainly found in terrestrial or burrowing mammals, particularly dasypus novemcinctus and monodelphis br ... | 1981 | 7036428 |
| urban outbreak of acute chagas disease in amazon region of brazil: four-year follow-up after treatment with benznidazole. | the objective of this report is to describe treatment outcomes over a four-year period of patients with acute chagas disease in the amazon region of brazil. an outbreak of chagas disease in a low-income district of urban belém, in september 2000, affected 11 people simultaneously, indicating the likelihood of indirect, oral transmission of trypanosoma cruzi. prior to treatment, patients underwent physical and clinical tests; blood samples were processed with immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and qu ... | 2009 | 19341528 |
| [chagas disease in the amazonas: i. a record of 8 autochthonous cases in macapa]. | | 1988 | 3152135 |
| chagas' disease in the amazon basin: v. periurban palms as habitats of rhodnius robustus and rhodnius pictipes--triatomine vectors of chagas' disease. | trypanosoma cruzi infected rhodnius robustus and/or rhodnius pictipes were commonly found, in large numbers, in the brazilian amazonian palms maximiliana regia ("inajá"), acrocomia sclerocarpa ("mucajá") and orbignya speciosa ("babaçu"). the common opossum, didelphis marsupialis, was the animal most frequently associated with triatomine infested palms. r. pictipes, frequently light-attracted into houses from palm trees, was the probable source of an acute case of chagas' disease in the vicinity ... | 1983 | 6443629 |
| further isoenzymatic studies on trypanosoma cruzi stocks from brazil, colombia and chile. | eighteen stocks of t. cruzi from brazil, colombia and chile were compared by five isoenzyme patterns of isoelectrofocusing with the three principal brazilian zymodemes (z1, z2, z3). the two main groups i and ii found confirmed the zymodemes 1 and 2. however, in some cases new isoenzyme types of the enzymes gpi and pgm in the groups i and ii have been seen. stocks typed as z3 did not show homogeneous enzyme patterns. a clear differentiation from the z1 and z2 or an association with a third group ... | 1985 | 3161171 |
| antibody subclass profile against leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis in the diagnosis and follow-up of mucosal leishmaniasis. | sensitivities and specificities of igg subclasses-elisa and igg-indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) against leishmania braziliensis (lb) and l. amazonensis (la) antigens were determined in 17 patients with mucosal (ml) and 19 with muco-cutaneous (mcl) leishmaniasis. using ifat-igg both antigens gave high sensitivities and were statistically similar, being 89.5% with la and 100% with lb. using elisa, the highest sensitivity was achieved with total igg for ml (94.7% with both antigens) and m ... | 2003 | 14596966 |
| high prevalence of trypanosoma rangeli and trypanosoma cruzi in opossums and triatomids in a formerly-endemic area of chagas disease in southeast brazil. | in brazil trypanosoma rangeli has been detected in humans, sylvatic mammals and vectors in the amazon basin and in wild rodents in a southern state. here we report for the first time a high prevalence of t. rangeli in opossums and triatomids captured in peridomestic environments in a formerly-endemic area of chagas disease in southeast brazil. five molecular typing tools clearly indicate the presence of t. rangeli and trypanosoma cruzi in mammalian reservoirs and triatomids. twenty-one opossums ... | 2002 | 12443797 |
| tamandua tetradactyla linnaeus, 1758 (myrmecophagidae) and rhodnius robustus larrousse, 1927 (triatominae) infection focus by trypanosoma rangeli tejera, 1920 (trypanosomatidae) in attalea phalerata mart. ex spreng (arecaceae) palm tree in the brazilian amazon. | a sylvatic infection focus of trypanosoma rangeli, whose cycle involves the anteater tamandua tetradactyla and triatomine insect rhodnius robustus was observed in a pasture-dominated landscape of the rural riparian community of são tomé located along the tapajós river in the municipal district of aveiro (state of pará, brazil), the brazilian amazon region. during a field work campaign with the objective of chagas disease diagnosis in the tapajós region, an anteater and 31 triatomines were found ... | 2010 | 20619359 |
| chagas disease in the brazilian amazon: iv. a new cross-sectional study. | a new conglomerate family sample of 194 dwellings with 996 resident persons were studied in the town of barcelos, state of amazonas, in order to re-evaluate the risk of chagas disease. during the survey the persons were interviewed and in this occasion we showed to them a collection of panstrongylus, rhodnius and triatoma, asking if they recognized and eventually have been bitten by this kind of bugs. at this time we collected 500 ul of blood in microtainer tubes from 886 interviewed persons who ... | 2002 | 12163910 |
| two main clusters within trypanosoma cruzi zymodeme 3 are defined by distinct regions of the ribosomal rna cistron. | trypanosoma cruzi is currently classified into 2 major phylogenetic lineages, t. cruzi i and ii, that correlate with the formerly described zymodeme 1 and 2, respectively. another isoenzymic group (zymodeme 3-z3) was also described. in this study, we analysed the genetic diversity among z3 isolates of the brazilian amazon by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the intergenic transcribed spacers (itss) of the ribosomal rna cistron and the size of the divergent domain d7 of the 24salpha rr ... | 2002 | 11862994 |
| a mini-exon multiplex polymerase chain reaction to distinguish the major groups of trypanosoma cruzi and t. rangeli in the brazilian amazon. | | 2001 | 11280078 |
| emerging chagas disease: trophic network and cycle of transmission of trypanosoma cruzi from palm trees in the amazon. | a trophic network involving molds, invertebrates, and vertebrates, ancestrally adapted to the palm tree (attalaea phalerata) microhabitat, maintains enzootic trypanosoma cruzi infections in the amazonian county paço do lumiar, state of maranhão, brazil. we assessed seropositivity for t. cruzi infections in the human population of the county, searched in palm trees for the triatomines that harbor these infections, and gathered demographic, environmental, and socioeconomic data. rhodnius pictipes ... | 2001 | 11266300 |
| chagas disease: from bush to huts and houses. is it the case of the brazilian amazon? | two of the major problems facing the amazon - human migration from the other areas and uncontrolled deforestation - constitute the greatest risk for the establishment of endemic chagas disease in this part of brazil. at least 18 species of triatomines had been found in the brazilian amazon, 10 of them infected with trypanosoma cruzi, associated with numerous wild reservoirs. with wide-range deforestation, wild animals will perforce be driven into other areas, with tendency for triatomines to bec ... | 1999 | 10677760 |
| chagas' disease in the amazon basin: speculations on transmission per os. | | 1980 | 6787688 |
| [life cycle of rhodnius brethesi matta, 1919 (hemiptera, reduviidae, triatominae), a potential vector of chagas disease in the amazon region]. | r. brethesi is a sylvatic species from the amazon region; it has been incriminated as responsible for the transmission of chagas disease in collectors of piacaba in this region. the aim of present study was to investigate the efficiency of these insects as potential vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. aspects related with feeding and defecation patterns, life time, and mortality had been observed in each instar of r. brethesi. we use 5th instar nymphs to get adults virgins, after the moulting 3 groups ... | 2004 | 15558169 |
| stable infection of primates with trypanosoma cruzi i and ii. | in order to better comprehend the putative association between genotype trypanosoma cruzi ii and primates, an evaluation of the infection in free ranging primates and specimens born in captivity from different geographical areas, the amazon and the atlantic forest, was carried out. seroprevalences of the t. cruzi infection among the primates was similar in both biomes (45.5% and 46%). the parasites were isolated from 8 and 4 different species of primates, respectively from the amazon and atlanti ... | 2006 | 16836794 |
| chagas disease and globalization of the amazon. | the increasing number of autochthonous cases of chagas disease in the amazon since the 1970s has led to fear that the disease may become a new public health problem in the region. this transformation in the disease's epidemiological pattern in the amazon can be explained by environmental and social changes in the last 30 years. the current article draws on the sociological theory of perverse effects to explain these changes as the unwanted result of the shift from the "inward" development model ... | 2007 | 17308715 |
| exposure to mixed asymptomatic infections with trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania chagasi in the human population of the greater amazon. | lack of conservation of the amazon tropical rainforest has imposed severe threats to its human population living in newly settled villages, resulting in outbreaks of some infectious diseases. we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of 1100 inhabitants of 15 villages of paço do lumiar county, brazil. thirty-five (3%) individuals had been exposed to trypanosoma cruzi (tc), 41 (4%) to leishmania braziliensis (lb) and 50 (4.5%) to leishmania chagasi (lc) infections. also, 35 cases had antibodies t ... | 2007 | 17445130 |
| emerging acute chagas disease in amazonian brazil: case reports with serious cardiac involvement. | four cases of serious cardiac attacks by autochthonous trypanosoma cruzi infection from the brazilian amazon are reported; three of them occurred in micro-epidemic episodes. the manifestations included sudden fever, myalgia, dyspnea and signs of heart failure. diagnosis was confirmed by specific exams, especially qbc (quantitative buffy coat) and natural xenodiagnosis. despite treatment with benznidazol, three patients died with serious myocarditis, renal failure and cardiac tamponade. the autho ... | 2004 | 15880237 |
| morphobiological aspects of rhodnius brethesi matta, 1919 (hemiptera:reduviidae) from the upper and middle negro river, amazon region of brazil: i - scanning electron microscopy. | the occurrence of autochthonous cases of chagas disease in the amazon region of brazil over recent decades has motivated an intensification of studies in this area. different species of triatomines have been identified, and ten of these have be proven to be carriers of the parasite trypanosoma cruzi or " cruzi-like " parasites. studies conducted in the municipalities of santa isabel do rio negro and barcelos, located on the upper and middle of the negro river, microregion of negro river, state o ... | 2006 | 16444425 |
| is rhodnius prolixus (triatominae) invading houses in central brazil? | sylvatic triatomines of the genus rhodnius commonly fly into houses in latin america, maintaining the risk of chagas disease transmission in spite of control efforts. in the recent past, adult bugs collected inside houses in central brazil were identified as r. prolixus, a primary disease vector whose natural geographical range excludes this region. three nearly sibling species (r. neglectus, r. nasutus, and r. robustus), secondary vectors with limited epidemiological significance, occur natural ... | 2008 | 18550022 |
| chagas disease in the amazon basin: association of panstrongylus geniculatus (hemiptera: reduviidae) with domestic pigs. | just over 100 autochthonous cases of chagas disease are reported from the brazilian amazon basin. panstrongylus geniculatus (latreille) occurs throughout the region and is the known vector of trypanosoma cruzi, principal zymodeme 3 (z3) to the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus. in the small riverine community of furo do rio pau grande, pigsties adjoining houses were heavily infested with p. geniculatus, which repeatedly attacked local inhabitants. palm trees in the immediate vicinity were also infe ... | 1998 | 9538568 |
| [chronic chagasic cardiopathy in the rio negro, amazon state. report of three new autochthonous cases confirmed by serology, clinical examination, chest x-rays, electro and echocardiography]. | we report three new autochthonous cases of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy from rio negro, amazon state, confirmed by serology (indirect immunofluorescence, elisa and western-blot for trypanosoma cruzi infection), clinical examination, chest x-rays, electro- and echocardiography. the three patients were born and lived all their lives in the rio negro region working as piaçaba gatherers, where they were bitten several times by sylvatic triatomine bugs. the clinical feature was congestive heart fa ... | 2006 | 16699652 |
| analysis of an acute chagas disease outbreak in the brazilian amazon: human cases, triatomines, reservoir mammals and parasites. | an outbreak of chagas disease occurred in mazagão, amapá, brazilian amazon in 1996. seventeen of 26 inhabitants presented symptoms compatible with acute chagas disease and were submitted to parasitological and serological tests. all 17 were positive in at least one parasitological test and 11 were also igm or igg anti-trypanosoma cruzi positive. the nine asymptomatic patients were negative for parasites and one was positive for igg anti-t. cruzi. sixty-eight triatomines were captured (66 rhodniu ... | 2009 | 19118852 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: subtractive hybridization as a molecular strategy to generate new targets to distinguish groups and hybrids. | rapd analysis and sequences of the mini-exon and ribosomal genes show that trypanosoma cruzi can be clustered into two phylogenetic groups-t. cruzi i and ii. herein, the representational difference analysis (rda) method was used, providing new targets specific for each group. after three rounds of rda hybridizing f strain (tester) with y strain (driver) and vice-versa, an f-specific (f#30) and y-specific (y#22) clone were obtained specifically recognizing isolates from amazonas (t. cruzi i) and ... | 2007 | 17597613 |
| [acute phase of chagas disease in the brazilian amazon region: study of 233 cases from pará, amapá and maranhão observed between 1988 and 2005]. | two hundred and thirty-three cases of the acute phase of chagas disease, from pará, amapá and maranhão, were observed between 1988 and 2005. one hundred and sixty were studied retrospectively from 1988 to 2002 and seventy-three were prospectively followed up from 2003 to 2005. among the cases studied, 78.5% (183/233) formed part of outbreaks, probably due to oral transmission (affecting a mean of 4 individuals), and 21.5% (50/233) were isolated cases. cases were taken to be acute if they present ... | 2008 | 19142440 |
| cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, trypanocidal and antileishmanial activities of basidiomycota fungi present in atlantic rainforest in brazil. | one hundred three basidiomycota fungi representing 84 species and 17 families were collected from different atlantic rainforest in brazil. their basidiomes and fermentation broth extracts were screened in a bioassay panel that included three human cancer cells lines, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), the enzyme trypanothione reductase (tryr) from trypanosoma cruzi, and amastigote forms of leishmania amazonensis. forty-two extracts representing 21 genera and 35 species presented a ... | 2009 | 19194781 |
| reassessing the entomological investigation around the first autochthonous case of chagas disease in western brazilian amazon. | in 1979, the first autochthonous case of chagas disease in the western brazilian amazon was reported and an entomological survey was carried out around it. specimens of rhodnius pictipes and rhodnius robustus were collected in intradomicile and sylvatic ecotopes. adult bugs were infected with trypanosomatids. invasion of houses by triatomines was demonstrated and the presence of infected bugs inside dwellings was associated with the possibility of vector-borne chagas disease. continuous entomolo ... | 2009 | 19274387 |
| infection rates and genotypes of trypanosoma rangeli and t. cruzi infecting free-ranging saguinus bicolor (callitrichidae), a critically endangered primate of the amazon rainforest. | parasites of wild primates are important for conservation biology and human health due to their high potential to infect humans. in the amazon region, non-human primates are commonly infected by trypanosoma cruzi and t. rangeli, which are also infective to man and several mammals. this is the first survey of trypanosomiasis in a critically endangered species of tamarin, saguinus bicolor (callitrichidae), from the brazilian amazon rainforest. of the 96 free-ranging specimens of s. bicolor examine ... | 2008 | 18603222 |
| [occurrences of triatomines in wild and domestic environments in the municipality of manaus, state of amazonas]. | analysis of the distribution of triatomines is essential for formulating control strategies for chagas disease in the amazon region. in this paper, the results from trapping in wild and artificial environments in rural and urban localities in manaus, amazonas, are presented. out of the 115 triatomines collected, 85 (73.9%) were of the species rhodnius pictipes, 25 (21.7%) of rhodnius robustus and five (4.4%) of panstrongylus geniculatus. the rate of natural infection by flagellates was 5.9% for ... | 2009 | 20209347 |
| trypanosoma cruzi tciii / z3 genotype as agent of an outbreak of chagas disease in the brazilian western amazonia. | summary chagas' disease is an emerging and neglected disease in the brazilian amazon region, where t. cruzi i predominates among the acute cases of the disease; and t. cruzi iii/z3, a population cluster from sylvatic areas of the amazon basin, is rarely associated with human infections. on 23rd april 2007, the foundation for health surveillance of the state of amazonas, brazil reported an outbreak of acute chagas disease in the municipality of coari on the solimões river banks. fresh blood exami ... | 2010 | 20579319 |
| attraction of chagas disease vectors (triatominae) to artificial light sources in the canopy of primary amazon rainforest. | adult triatomines occasionally fly into artificially lit premises in amazonia. this can result in trypanosoma cruzi transmission to humans either by direct contact or via foodstuff contamination, but the frequency of such behaviour has not been quantified. to address this issue, a light-trap was set 45 m above ground in primary rainforest near manaus, state of amazonas, brazil and operated monthly for three consecutive nights over the course of one year (432 trap-hours). the most commonly caught ... | 2010 | 21225207 |
| [seroprevalence of american trypanosomiasis in adults in an area of the western brazilian amazon region]. | from january to march 2001 a seroepidemiological survey for american trypanosomiasis (chagas disease) was carried out among urban and rural human populations in areas of the upper purus basin, in the western brazilian amazon region, using serial testing with three different serological techniques. the sample was composed of 1,055 individuals: 844 from urban and 211 from rural areas. autochthonous infection was identified in nine individuals aged 16 to 72 years: five from urban and four from rura ... | 2007 | 17876467 |
| the ecology of the trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle: dispersion of zymodeme 3 (z3) in wild hosts from brazilian biomes. | two main genotypes in trypanosoma cruzi subpopulations can be distinguished by pcr amplification of sequences from the mini-exon gene non-transcribed spacer, respectively, t. cruzi i (tci) and t. cruzi ii (tcii). this technique is also capable of distinguishing a third assemblage of subpopulations that do not fit in these genotypes and that remain known as zymodeme z3 (z3). the distribution pattern as well as the mammalian host range of this latter t. cruzi sublineage still remains unclear. thus ... | 2009 | 19643545 |
| study on chagas disease occurrence in the municipality of monte negro, state of rondônia, brazilian amazon. | studies on chagas disease deal with the perspective of its occurrence in the amazon region, which is directly correlated to the population growth and the spread of the bug biotope. the state of rondônia has an immense source of vectors (triatomine) and reservoirs of trypanosoma cruzi. environmental changes brought forth by the deforestation in the region may cause vector behavior changes and bring these vectors to a closer contact with humans, increasing the probability of vector infection. | 2011 | 22231244 |
| serological survey for chagas disease in the rural areas of manaus, coari, and tefé in the western brazilian amazon. | deforestation, uncontrolled forest, human population migration from endemic areas, and the large number of reservoirs and wild vectors naturally infected by trypanosoma cruzi promote the endemicity of chagas disease in the amazon region. | 2011 | 22231243 |
| [the national survey of seroprevalence for evaluation of the control of chagas disease in brazil (2001-2008)]. | a survey for seroprevalence of chagas disease was held in a representative sample of brazilian individuals up to 5 years of age in all the rural areas of brazil, with the single exception of rio de janeiro state. blood on filter paper was collected from 104,954 children and screened in a single laboratory with two serological tests: indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunoassay. all samples with positive or indetermined results, as well as 10% of all the negative samples were submitt ... | 2011 | 21584364 |
| further comments on oral transmission of chagas' disease in brazil: epidemiology, geographical distribution and viability of the infective parasite. | in 2006, brazilian government received the international certificate of interruption of the vectorial transmission of chagas' disease. however, outbreaks reported in brazilian amazon rainforest bear a regular occurrence and represents a relevant regional epidemiological gauge. the wild life cycle of the chagas' disease transmission (i.e., triatomine-marsupial cycle) is present outside the previously reported endemic belt, ubiquitously, as infective triatomines can be demonstrated in palm trees w ... | 2010 | 19135736 |
| trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania infantum chagasi infection in wild mammals from maranhão state, brazil. | trypanosoma and leishmania are obligate parasites that cause important diseases in human and domestic animals. wild mammals are the natural reservoirs of these parasites, which are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. the present study aimed to detect the natural occurrence of trypanosomatids through serological diagnosis, pcr of whole blood and blood culture (hemoculture), and phylogenetic relationships using small subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna), cytochrome b, and glycosomal glyceraldehyd ... | 2015 | 26501369 |
| antiprotozoal and antioxidant alkaloids from alternanthera littoralis. | five alkaloids, in addition to hydroxytyrosol and uridine, were isolated from aerial parts of alternanthera littoralis p. beauv. among the isolated compounds, alternamide a was an unusual tricyclic alkaloid with a bridged benzoazepine core. all isolated alkaloids have a catechol moiety, indicating a possible common biosynthetic route. their structures were established by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy in combination with extensive tandem ms experiments by collisional induced dissociation (cid). the ... | 2017 | 27889243 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate on leishmania amazonensis. | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate (1), the most abundant flavanol in green tea, has been reported to have antiproliferative effects on trypanosoma cruzi. the present study reports the effects in vitro and in vivo of 1 on leishmania amazonensis. l. amazonensis-infected macrophages treated with 1 exhibited a significant reduction of the infection index in a dose-dependent manner, with an ic50 value of 1.6 μm. oral administration of 1 on l. amazonensis-infected balb/c mice (30 mg/kg/day) resulted in ... | 2013 | 24106750 |
| anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, and anti-leishmanial activities of jacaranone isolated from pentacalia desiderabilis (vell.) cuatrec. (asteraceae). | leishmaniasis, chagas disease, and malaria affect the poorest population around the world, with an elevated mortality and morbidity. in addition, the therapeutic alternatives are usually toxic or ineffective drugs especially those against the trypanosomatids. in the course of selection of new anti-protozoal compounds from brazilian flora, the ch(2)c(l2) phase from meoh extract obtained from the leaves of pentacalia desiderabilis (vell.) cuatrec. (asteraceae) showed in vitro anti-leishmanial, ant ... | 2011 | 21614544 |
| mixed infection in the anteater tamandua tetradactyla (mammalia: pilosa) from pará state, brazil: trypanosoma cruzi, t. rangeli and leishmania infantum. | some trypanosoma and leishmania species are multi-host parasites whose distribution overlaps in several parts of the brazilian amazon basin. despite being a common trait among wild mammals, mixed infections and their consequences for the host's health and parasite transmission are still a poorly known phenomenon. here we describe a triple mixed infection - trypanosoma cruzi, t. rangeli and leishmania infantum - in a bone marrow sample from an anteater tamandua tetradactyla captured in a house ba ... | 2013 | 23253893 |
| differential parasitological, molecular, and serological detection of trypanosoma cruzi i, ii, and iv in blood of experimentally infected mice. | trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of american trypanosomiasis (chagas' disease), which affects 6-7 million people worldwide, mainly in latin america. it presents great genetic and biological variability that plays an important role in the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease. our working hypothesis is that the genetic diversity of t. cruzi has an important impact on detection of the parasite using diagnostic techniques. the present study evaluated the diagnostic performa ... | 2016 | 26995535 |
| a new genotype of trypanosoma cruzi associated with bats evidenced by phylogenetic analyses using ssu rdna, cytochrome b and histone h2b genes and genotyping based on its1 rdna. | we characterized 15 trypanosoma cruzi isolates from bats captured in the amazon, central and southeast brazilian regions. phylogenetic relationships among t. cruzi lineages using ssu rdna, cytochrome b, and histone h2b genes positioned all amazonian isolates into t. cruzi i (tci). however, bat isolates from the other regions, which had been genotyped as t. cruzi ii (tc ii) by the traditional genotyping method based on mini-exon gene employed in this study, were not nested within any of the previ ... | 2009 | 19368741 |
| an overview of chagas disease and the role of triatomines on its distribution in brazil. | chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan trypanosoma cruzi and affects about 15 million people in the americas. in the brazilian amazon basin, the disease is enzootic, with bugs from the genus rhodnius serving as the main vectors, while in the northeastern region, mainly the genus triatoma is naturally infected with t. cruzi. oral infections appear sporadically in some regions of brazil. even though the illness is typically present in latin america, autochthonous cases have been repor ... | 2009 | 19505252 |
| surveillance, health promotion and control of chagas disease in the amazon region--medical attention in the brazilian amazon region: a proposal. | we refer to oswaldo cruz's reports dating from 1913 about the necessities of a healthcare system for the brazilian amazon region and about the journey of carlos chagas to 27 locations in this region and the measures that would need to be adopted. we discuss the risks of endemicity of chagas disease in the amazon region. we recommend that epidemiological surveillance of chagas disease in the brazilian amazon region and pan-amazon region should be implemented through continuous monitoring of the h ... | 2015 | 26560976 |
| ecological diversity of trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the amazon basin. the main scenaries in the brazilian amazon. | the ecological diversity of trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the brazilian amazon region is directly interlinked with the parasite's extensive reservoir, composed of 33 species of wild mammals within the following orders: marsupialia, chiroptera, rodentia, xenarthra, carnivora and primates; and of 16 species of wild triatomines, of which ten may be infected with t. cruzi. four scenarios for the diversity of t. cruzi transmission in the brazilian amazon region are evident: (i) t. cruzi transmiss ... | 2015 | 26254002 |
| chagas disease in the state of amazonas: history, epidemiological evolution, risks of endemicity and future perspectives. | chagas disease (cd) is a parasitic infection that originated in the americas and is caused by trypanosoma cruzi. in the last few years, the disease has spread to countries in north america, asia and europe due to the migration of latin americans. in the brazilian amazon, cd has an endemic transmission, especially in the rio negro region, where an occupational hazard was described for piaçaveiros (piassaba gatherers). in the state of amazonas, the first chagasic infection was reported in 1977, an ... | 2015 | 26061368 |
| in vivo susceptibility to benznidazole of trypanosoma cruzi strains from the western brazilian amazon. | to assess the susceptibility of trypanosoma cruzi strains from amazon to benznidazole. | 2013 | 23130989 |
| trypanosoma cruzi iv causing outbreaks of acute chagas disease and infections by different haplotypes in the western brazilian amazonia. | chagas disease is an emergent tropical disease in the brazilian amazon region, with an increasing number of cases in recent decades. in this region, the sylvatic cycle of trypanosoma cruzi transmission, which constitutes a reservoir of parasites that might be associated with specific molecular, epidemiological and clinical traits, has been little explored. the objective of this work is to genetically characterize stocks of t. cruzi from human cases, triatomines and reservoir mammals in the state ... | 2012 | 22848457 |
| distantiae transmission of trypanosoma cruzi: a new epidemiological feature of acute chagas disease in brazil. | the new epidemiological scenario of orally transmitted chagas disease that has emerged in brazil, and mainly in the amazon region, needs to be addressed with a new and systematic focus. belém, the capital of pará state, reports the highest number of acute chagas disease (acd) cases associated with the consumption of açaí juice. | 2014 | 24854494 |
| morbidity of chagas heart disease in the microregion of rio negro, amazonian brazil: a case-control study. | a case-control study on the morbidity of chagas heart disease was carried out in the municipality of barcelos in the microregion of the rio negro, state of amazonas. one hundred and six individuals, who were serologically positive for trypanosoma cruzi infection, as confirmed by at least two techniques with different principles, were matched according to age and sex with an equal number of seronegative individuals. the cases and controls were evaluated using an epidemiological questionnaire and ... | 2013 | 24402153 |
| trypanosoma cruzi i and iv stocks from brazilian amazon are divergent in terms of biological and medical properties in mice. | in the brazilian amazon, clinical and epidemiological frameworks of chagas disease are very dissimilar in relation to the endemic classical areas of transmission, possibly due to genetic and biological characteristics of the circulating trypanosoma cruzi stocks. twenty six t. cruzi stocks from western amazon region attributed to the tci and tciv dtus were comparatively studied in swiss mice to test the hypothesis that t. cruzi clonal structure has a major impact on its biological and medical pro ... | 2013 | 23437410 |
| biological behaviour in mice of trypanosoma cruzi isolates from amazonas and paraná, brazil. | the biological behaviour of 23 trypanosoma cruzi isolates in swiss mice was compared. nineteen isolates were obtained from patients in the acute phase of chagas disease (13), sylvatic reservoir hosts (didelphis marsupialis) (3), and triatomine bugs (rhodnius robustus) (3) from four regions of the state of amazonas (am). four isolates were obtained from chronic chagasic patients in the state of paraná (pr): three autochthones, and one allochthone from the state of minas gerais. only one isolate w ... | 2012 | 22406038 |
| correlation between populations of rhodnius and presence of palm trees as risk factors for the emergence of chagas disease in amazon region, brazil. | among the states that comprise the legally defined amazon region of brazil, pará has presented the highest occurrences of acute cases of chagas disease over the last two decades. these cases have been attributed to consumption of fruits from native palm trees. in surveys in rural and wild areas of the municipality of oriximiná, pará, triatomine fauna, their main ecotopes and the infection rate due to trypanosoma cruzi were identified using active and passive search methods: manual capture and no ... | 2012 | 22664419 |
| a new survey of the serology of human trypanosoma cruzi infection in the rio negro microregion, brazilian amazon: a critical analysis. | the serology of human trypanosoma cruzi infection in the rio negro microregion is very complex because of the large numbers of false-positive cases that result from low antibody titres and cross-reactions with other infections. in the present study, we collected 4,880 blood samples on filter paper; of these, indirect immunofluorescence (iif) was strongly reactive in 221 (4.5%), which were considered to be positive (iif strongly reactive; high intensity of fluorescence) and weakly reactive in 302 ... | 2013 | 24141967 |
| outbreak of acute chagas disease associated with oral transmission in the rio negro region, brazilian amazon. | chagas disease is considered as emerging in the brazilian amazon, usually occurring in acute outbreaks. | 2013 | 23681429 |
| biological behavior of trypanosoma cruzi stocks obtained from the state of amazonas, western brazilian amazon, in mice. | the biological diversity of circulating trypanosoma cruzi stocks in the amazon region most likely plays an important role in the peculiar clinic-epidemiological features of chagas disease in this area. | 2012 | 22534994 |
| survival in vitro and virulence of trypanosoma cruzi in açaí pulp in experimental acute chagas disease. | chagas disease is a parasitic infection with high socioeconomic impact throughout latin america. although this severe, incurable disease can be transmitted by several routes, oral transmission is currently the most important route in the amazon basin. açaí pulp has nutritional properties and is popular throughout brazil and abroad. however, this pulp has been associated with microepidemics of acute chagas disease (acd) in northern brazil, where açaí fruit is the main food supplement. in this stu ... | 2012 | 22410239 |
| real-time pcr diagnosis of plasmodium vivax among blood donors. | when selecting blood donors in transfusion centres, one important problem is to identify, during screening, individuals with infectious diseases that can be transmitted by blood, such as malaria, especially when the parasite densities are very low. this problem is particularly severe in endemic areas, such as the brazilian amazon. in the present study, molecular diagnostic (real-time pcr) of plasmodium vivax was used to identify blood donors infected with malaria parasites. | 2012 | 23062229 |
| phenotypic variability of the amazonian species rhodnius brethesi (hemiptera: reduviidae). | the wild species rhodnius brethesi (matta, 1919) (hemiptera: reduviidae) is found in areas of piassabais in microregion of rio negro, amazonas, brazil. its geographical distribution overlaps the areas of leopoldinia piassaba palm. in areas where palm trees are found, transmission cycle of trypanosoma cruzi is related to the extractive activity of the palm fiber, exposing workers to wild vector transmission of this parasite. the close association with the palm tree l. piassaba suggests that this ... | 2017 | 28449112 |
| acute chagas disease in the brazilian amazon: epidemiological and clinical features. | | 2017 | 28268086 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection in captive neotropical primates in the brazilian amazon. | the aim of this study was to detect the infection by trypanosoma cruzi in captive neotropical primates in the brazilian amazon. from february 2013 to july 2014, 112 blood samples were collected from neotropical primates from the amazonas, amapá, and pará states, north of brazil. the subjects belonged to the families cebidae (n = 59), atelidae (n = 41), callitrichidae (n = 5), pitheciidae (n = 4), and aotidae (n = 3). blood smears also were examined for the presence of trypomastigotes by optical ... | 2017 | 27802362 |
| outcome of oral infection in mice inoculated with trypanosoma cruzi iv of the western brazilian amazon. | a new epidemiological view of american trypanosomiasis or chagas disease has been formulated in recent decades. oral transmission of the etiological agent of chagas disease, trypanosoma cruzi, has been the most common form of transmission. the t. cruzi discrete typing units tci and tciv have been involved in tens outbreaks of acute cases of chagas disease in the brazilian amazon region. we investigated the intensity of infection in mice that were orally inoculated (or group) with four strains of ... | 2017 | 27876646 |
| ecoepidemiology and biology of eratyrus mucronatus stål, 1859 (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae), a sylvatic vector of chagas disease in the brazilian amazon. | eratyrus mucronatus stål, 1859 is a wild triatomine vector of trypanosoma cruzi chagas, 1909. however, little is known regarding the biology and ecoepidemiology of this triatomine in the brazilian amazon. the present study describes the biology of e. mucronatus grown under laboratory conditions and the epidemiological aspects of its natural breeding sites. | 2015 | 25626651 |
| expanding the knowledge of the geographic distribution of trypanosoma cruzi tcii and tcv/tcvi genotypes in the brazilian amazon. | trypanosoma cruzi infection is a complex sylvatic enzooty involving a wide range of animal species. six discrete typing units (dtus) of t. cruzi, named tci to tcvi, are currently recognized. one unanswered question concerning the epidemiology of t. cruzi is the distribution pattern of tcii and hybrid dtus in nature, including their virtual absence in the brazilian amazon, the current endemic area of chagas disease in brazil. herein, we characterized biological samples that were collected in prev ... | 2014 | 25551227 |
| comparative pathogenicity in swiss mice of trypanosoma cruzi iv from northern brazil and trypanosoma cruzi ii from southern brazil. | the geographical heterogeneity of chagas disease (chd) is mainly caused by genetic variability of the etiological agent trypanosoma cruzi. our hypothesis was that the pathogenicity for mice may vary with the genetic lineage (or discrete typing unit - dtu) of the parasite. to test this hypothesis, parasitological and histopathological evaluations were performed in mice inoculated with strains belonging to the dtu t. cruzi iv (tciv) from the state of amazonas (northern brazil), or the dtu t. cruzi ... | 2014 | 25296157 |
| trypanosoma cruzi strain tci is associated with chronic chagas disease in the brazilian amazon. | chagas disease in the amazon region is considered an emerging anthropozoonosis with a predominance of the discrete typing units (dtus) tci and tciv. these dtus are responsible for cases of acute disease associated with oral transmission. chronic disease cases have been detected through serological surveys. however, the mode of transmission could not be determined, or any association of chronic disease with a specific t. cruzi dtu's. the aim of this study was to characterize trypanosoma cruzi in ... | 2014 | 24916362 |
| [series of acute chagas' disease cases attended at a tertiary-level clinic in manaus, state of amazonas, from 1980 to 2006]. | chagas disease is an emerging and neglected problem in the brazilian amazon region. | 2011 | 20464156 |
| [morbidity of chagas disease among autochthonous patients from the rio negro microregion, state of amazonas]. | a seroepidemiological and clinical study was conducted on 152 autochthonous individuals living in the district of barcelos, state of amazonas, to evaluate the seroprevalence of chagas infection and morbidity of chagas disease. | 2011 | 20464148 |
| clinical follow-up of responses to treatment with benznidazol in amazon: a cohort study of acute chagas disease. | a total of 179 individuals with acute chagas disease mainly transmitted by oral source, from pará and amapá state, amazonian, brazil were included during the period from 1988 to 2005. blood samples were used to survey peripheral blood for t. cruzi hemoparasites by quantitative buffy coat (qbc), indirect xenodiagnosis, blood culture and serology to detection of total igm and anti-t. cruzi igg antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and indirect hemagglutination assay (ha). all assay ... | 2013 | 23724050 |
| [cardiac involvement in acute chagas' disease cases in the amazon region]. | the cardiac involvement of five patients from the amazon region with acute chagas' disease (acd) is described. four of these patients presented probable oral transmission. all of them presented some degree of cardiac involvement, but there were no deaths. | 2010 | 20625638 |
| identification of novel mammalian hosts and brazilian biome geographic distribution of trypanosoma cruzi tciii and tciv. | trypanosoma cruzi is a parasitic protozoan responsible for chagas disease. seven different discrete typing units (dtus) of t. cruzi are currently identified in nature: tci-tcvi, and tcbat whose distribution patterns in nature, hosts/reservoirs and eco-epidemiological importance are still little known. here, we present novel data on the geographic distribution and diversity of mammalian hosts and vectors of t. cruzi dtus tciii and tciv. in this study, we analyzed 61 t. cruzi isolates obtained fro ... | 2017 | 28499908 |
| considerations on the epidemiology and transmission of chagas disease in the brazilian amazon. | | 1999 | 10677763 |
| chagas' disease as endemic to the brazilian amazon: risk or hypothesis? | | 2004 | 2129519 |
| [cardiac attacks in patients with acute chagas disease in a family micro-outbreak, in abaetetuba, brazilian amazon]. | the authors describe the main clinical findings relative to cardiac involvement, in patients with acute chagas' disease (cd) in yet another familial micro-epidemic episode of cd in amazon region. thirteen patients were studied with acute chagas' disease, resident in the city of abaetetuba in pará state; they were submitted to clinical and heart evaluation, with electrocardiograph and echocardiograph exams. ventricular extrasystole occurred in 38.5% of the cases. right bundle branch block and 1st ... | 2006 | 11600906 |
| community participation in health activities in an amazon community of brazil. | this article describes community participation in a comprehensive eight-year health program at porto nacional, a town in brazils amazon region. the authors discuss various techniques employed to encourage community participation, indicate methods used to resolve low-key conflicts in a positive manner, describe the major contributions made by community participation in this program, and present a number of conclusions considered applicable to other communities in this part of brazil. | 1978 | 698459 |