| sporogonic development of hepatozoon americanum (apicomplexa) in its definitive host, amblyomma maculatum (acarina). | light microscopic observations of the sporogonic development of hepatozoon americanum are described in its acarine host, amblyomma maculatum. laboratory-reared nymphal ticks were fed on 2 dogs infected with h. americanum. nymphal ticks were sampled daily, starting 3 days after being placed on a parasitemic dog, until 18 days after infestation (pi), and then every 3 or 4 days until replete nymphs molted. ticks were examined as unstained wet mounts and hematoxylin-eosin-stained paraffin sections. ... | 1999 | 10647032 |
| comparison of efficacy of american and african amblyomma ticks as vectors of heartwater (cowdria ruminantium) infection by molecular analyses and transmission trials. | the ability of amblyomma americanum, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma maculatum, and amblyomma variegatum to acquire and transmit cowdria ruminantium infection was investigated. uninfected nymphs were fed on clinically reacting c. ruminantium-infected sheep and then analyzed for infection by specific dna detection assays and by tick transmission trials. by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the mean infection prevalence of a. maculatum ticks (50.7%) was similar to that of a. variegatum, elevage str ... | 2000 | 10701562 |
| larval gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) [acari: ixodidae] as host for hepatozoon americanum [apicomplexa: adeleorina]. | laboratory-reared larval gulf coast ticks (gcts) (amblyomma maculatum) were exposed experimentally and found to acquire hepatozoon americanum infection while feeding on parasitemic dogs. these ticks supported gamogonic and sporogonic development of the apicomplexan, and oocysts from newly molted nymphs were infectious for a dog. other nymphs from this cohort that were allowed to feed on a blood-parasite naive sheep molted normally; the resulting adult ticks contained oocysts that were infectious ... | 2002 | 11750999 |
| activating transcription factor 4 and x box binding protein 1 of litopenaeus vannamei transcriptional regulated white spot syndrome virus genes wsv023 and wsv083. | in response to endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress, the signaling pathway termed unfolded protein response (upr) is activated. to investigate the role of upr in litopenaeus vannamei immunity, the activating transcription factor 4 (designated as lvatf4) which belonged to a branch of the upr, the [protein kinase rna (pkr)-like er kinase, (perk)]-[eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eif2α)] pathway, was identified and characterized. the full-length cdna of lvatf4 was 1972 bp long, with an o ... | 2013 | 23638122 |
| detection of rickettsia parkeri from within piura, peru, and the first reported presence of candidatus rickettsia andeanae in the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. | domestic farm animals (n=145) were sampled for the presence of ectoparasites in northwestern peru during march, 2008. ninety domestic animals (62%) were positive for the presence of an ectoparasite(s) and produced a total collection of the following: 728 ticks [amblyomma maculatum, anocentor nitens, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and otobius megnini], 12 lice (haematopinus suis), and 3 fleas (ctenocephalides felis). a rickettsia genus-specific qpcr assay was perfo ... | 2013 | 23488453 |
| chemical control of the heartwater vectors. | this paper reviews available literature on the efficacy of acaricides against amblyomma hebraeum and other tick species, and presents information on tests done with registered chemicals in the laboratory. little published information is available on the efficacy of chemicals specifically against a. hebraeum. a host of formulations are registered for use as acaricides on cattle, sheep, and goats in south africa and thus, by implication, against this species. resistance has only been described to ... | 1987 | 3329335 |