| hemelipoglycoprotein from the ornate sheep tick, dermacentor marginatus: structural and functional characterization. | tick carrier proteins are able to bind, transport, and store host-blood heme, and thus they function also as antioxidants. nevertheless, the role of carrier proteins in ticks is not fully understood. some of them are found also in tick males which do not feed on hosts to such an extent such as females (there are differences in male feeding in different tick species) and thus they are not dealing with such an excess of heme; some of the carrier proteins were found in salivary glands where the pro ... | 2011 | 21214898 |
| variability and action mechanism of a family of anticomplement proteins in ixodes ricinus. | ticks are blood feeding arachnids that characteristically take a long blood meal. they must therefore counteract host defence mechanisms such as hemostasis, inflammation and the immune response. this is achieved by expressing batteries of salivary proteins coded by multigene families. | 2008 | 18167559 |
| a trypanosome species isolated from naturally infected haemaphysalis hystricis ticks in kagoshima prefecture, japan. | common arthropod vectors for trypanosomes are flies, fleas and bugs. this study reports on an unknown trypanosome species isolated from naturally infected haemaphysalis hystricis ticks, hereby, referred to as trypanosoma kg1 isolate. the parasite has been successfully cultured in vitro with l929 or hek 293t cell line as feeder cells. this trypanosome cannot survive in vitro without feeder cells. following experimental infections of ticks, the trypomastigote-like and the epimastigote-like forms o ... | 2007 | 17306058 |
| artificial feeding and successful reproduction in ornithodoros moubata moubata (murray, 1877) (acarina: argasidae). | the increasing demand for laboratory-reared argasid and ixodid ticks for research and control purposes makes it necessary to develop effective and standardized tick feeding methods without using live animals as hosts. the in vitro maintenance technique, described in this paper, has been used successfully for rearing ornithodoros moubata moubata by feeding all nymphal and adult instars through parafilm 'm' sealing film on heparinized bovine blood (fresh standard). the technique is based on a spec ... | 1991 | 1786742 |
| knockdown of proteins involved in iron metabolism limits tick reproduction and development. | ticks are among the most important vectors of a wide range of human and animal diseases. during blood feeding, ticks are exposed to an enormous amount of free iron that must be appropriately used and detoxified. however, the mechanism of iron metabolism in ticks is poorly understood. here, we show that ticks possess a complex system that efficiently utilizes, stores and transports non-heme iron within the tick body. we have characterized a new secreted ferritin (fer2) and an iron regulatory prot ... | 2009 | 19171899 |
| the identification of a shared immunogen present in the salivary glands and gut of ixodid and argasid ticks. | the identification of a 70-kda immunogen present in salivary gland extracts of several ixodid species, namely hyalomma truncatum (sweating-sickness-inducing (ss+) and non-inducing (ss-) strains), hyalomma marginatum rufipes and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, is reported. the immunogen was identified by western blots using a monoclonal antibody of the igm isotype directed against a 70-kda immunogen present in the salivary glands of (ss-) female h. truncatum ticks. cross-reactivity with the gut of ... | 1992 | 1446571 |
| [development of african ticks ornithodoros moubata during in vitro rearing]. | the suitability of in vitro-feeding for the laboratory rearing of ornithodoros moubata murray was tested by the development of about 3,000 first-stage nymphs to the adult stage. at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks defibrinated blood of sheep was fed to the ticks through a parafilm "m" membrane on an electric hot plate. on average 61% of the ticks were found engorged after the feeding. the highest rate of about 78% in the first nymphal stage decreased to about 45% in the fifth. the increase was highest ... | 1981 | 7305069 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| structural similarities of human and mammalian lipocalins, and their function in innate immunity and allergy. | owners and their domestic animals via skin shedding and secretions, mutually exchange microbiomes, potential pathogens and innate immune molecules. among the latter especially lipocalins are multifaceted: they may have an immunomodulatory function and, furthermore, they represent one of the most important animal allergen families. the amino acid identities, as well as their structures by superposition modeling were compared among human lipocalins, hlcn1 and hlcn2, and most important animal lipoc ... | 2015 | 26497994 |