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porcine teschoviruses comprise at least eleven distinct serotypes: molecular and evolutionary aspects.nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 10 recognized prototype strains of the porcine enterovirus (pev) cytopathic effect (cpe) group i reveals a close relationship of the viral genomes to the previously sequenced strain f65, supporting the concept of a reclassification of this virus group into a new picornavirus genus. also, nucleotide sequences of the polyprotein-encoding genome region or the p1 region of 28 historic strains and recent field isolates were determined. the data sugge ...200111160660
unique characteristics of a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site from the porcine teschovirus-1 talfan.the teschoviruses constitute a recently defined picornavirus genus. most of the genome sequence of the porcine teschovirus-1 (ptv) talfan and several other strains is known. we now demonstrate that initiation of protein synthesis occurs at nucleotide (nt) 412 on the ptv talfan rna and that nt 1 to 405 contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) that functions efficiently in vitro and within mammalian cells. in comparison with other picornavirus ires elements, the ptv ires is relatively short ...200212388732
detection of porcine teschovirus and enterovirus type ii by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.porcine enteroviruses (pevs) have been recognized as the causative agents of various clinical manifestations such as fertility disorders, neurological defects, and dermal lesions in pigs. currently, the diagnosis of pev infection is carried out by virus isolation, which although useful, is labor- and time-intensive. the present investigation describes the development of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of pevs of cytopathic ef ...200212423029
functional and structural similarities between the internal ribosome entry sites of hepatitis c virus and porcine teschovirus, a picornavirus.initiation of protein synthesis on picornavirus rna requires an internal ribosome entry site (ires). typically, picornavirus ires elements contain about 450 nucleotides (nt) and use most of the cellular translation initiation factors. however, it is now shown that just 280 nt of the porcine teschovirus type 1 talfan (ptv-1) 5' untranslated region direct the efficient internal initiation of translation in vitro and within cells. in toeprinting assays, assembly of 48s preinitiation complexes from ...200415078929
enterovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs in japan caused by porcine teschovirus. 200415478502
functional analyses of rna structures shared between the internal ribosome entry sites of hepatitis c virus and the picornavirus porcine teschovirus 1 talfan.the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1), a member of the picornaviridae family, is quite distinct from other well-characterized picornavirus ires elements, but it displays functional similarities to the ires from hepatitis c virus (hcv), a member of the flaviviridae family. in particular, a dominant negative mutant form of eif4a does not inhibit the activity of the ptv-1 ires. furthermore, there is a high level (ca. 50%) of identity between the ptv-1 and hcv ires ...200616415004
hepatitis c virus-related internal ribosome entry sites are found in multiple genera of the family picornaviridae.the internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements from porcine enterovirus 8 and simian virus 2, two members of a proposed new genus within the family picornaviridae, were characterized. these ires elements, in common with the porcine teschovirus 1 ires, were found to be related functionally and structurally to the ires element from hepatitis c virus, a member of the family flaviviridae. partial secondary structure predictions were derived and functional assays demonstrated that these ires elemen ...200616528042
validation of rt-pcr assays for molecular characterization of porcine teschoviruses and enteroviruses.porcine enteroviruses (pevs) and teschoviruses (ptvs) are described as causative agents of neurological disorders, fertility disorders and dermal lesions of swine. difficulties in the serological detection of these viruses may lead to a significant underestimation of infections with clinical symptoms. with the recent availability of genome sequence data for all the serotypes, molecular diagnosis is a possibility. the present study describes a new approach to molecular 'serotyping' of ptvs and pe ...200616907956
isolation and molecular characterization of a porcine teschovirus 1 isolate from china.porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1) (swine/ch/imh/03) was isolated from piglets in a farm in inner mongolia province, p.r. china. it was confirmed by electron microscopy, rt-pcr, and sequencing. comparison of the sequences of the amino acid and nucleotides and phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein showed that ptv swine/ch/imh/03 strain is ptv-1. the isolated virus has closest relationship with talfan strain, they shared 98.9% and 99.5% homology of amino acids and nucleotides, respectively, in the o ...200717432938
immunohistochemical detection of porcine teschovirus antigen in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from pigs experimentally infected with porcine teschovirus.porcine teschovirus (ptv) antigens were detected by a streptavidin-biotin complex method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 3-week-old pigs that had been inoculated intravenously with ptv talfan strain. ptv antigens were detected in cytoplasm of nerve cells, glial cells and endothelial cells in the cerebellar nuclei, the grey matter of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata and the ventral horn of the spinal cord and of ganglion cells in the spinal ganglion corresponding to those l ...200718045341
immunohistochemical distribution of viral antigens in pigs naturally infected with porcine teschovirus.a distribution of porcine teschovirus (ptv) antigens in pigs naturally infected with ptv is presented using the method of immunohistochemical examination. in the nervous system, ptv antigens were found in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells and glial cells distributed in the spinal ventral horn and brain stem, and also in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells in the spinal ganglion. no antigens were seen in the cerebral hemisphere. in the nervous system, the distribution of ptv antigens was consistent wit ...200818388434
a piglet with concurrent polioencephalomyelitis due to porcine teschovirus and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.a piglet developed respiratory distress followed by difficulty in standing and unsteady gait. the lesions were characterized by polioencephalomyelitis with the predominant distribution in the brain stem, as well as lymphocyte depletion and histiocyte infiltration with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the lymphoid tissues throughout the body and interstitial pneumonia. porcine teschovirus (ptv) antigens were found in the former lesions and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in the latter two lesions. ptv ...200818525174
pathological changes in pigs experimentally infected with porcine teschovirus.nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with neurological signs expressed as flaccid paralysis of the hindlimbs was experimentally induced in three-week-old piglets by a single intravenous injection of the toyama 2002 strain of porcine teschovirus (ptv) isolated from field pigs in japan. lesions characterized by perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells, focal gliosis, neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia were observed, mainly in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. nonsuppurative ganglionitis of the sp ...200919570545
development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus in clinical samples.a lateral flow device (lfd) for the detection of swine vesicular disease (svd) virus (svdv) and differential diagnosis from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was developed using a monoclonal antibody (mab c70). the performance of the lfd was evaluated in the laboratory on suspensions of vesicular epithelia and cell culture passage derived supernatants of svdv and porcine teschovirus (enterovirus; pev). the collection of test samples included 157 which were positive for svdv (84 vesicular epithelial s ...201019819260
influence of the hepatitis c virus 3'-untranslated region on ires-dependent and cap-dependent translation initiation.translation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genomic rna is directed by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), and the hcv 3'-utr enhances ires activity. since the hcv 3'-utr has a unique structure among 3'-utrs, we checked possible communication between the 5'- and the 3'-utr of hcv during translation using chimeric reporter rnas. we show that translation directed by the hcv ires and by the hcv-like ires of porcine teschovirus (ptv) which belongs to a quite dis ...201020079737
isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8.investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ...201020362007
isolation of serotype 2 porcine teschovirus in china: evidence of natural recombination.porcine teschovirus (ptv), the pathogen of porcine polioencephalomyelitis, is a member of the family picornaviridae. in this study, a new ptv strain (designated as jf613) was isolated from pigs in china. it was confirmed by the specific cpe on susceptible cells, rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing. analysis of its amino acids sequence of complete polyprotein indicated that the isolate belongs to serotype 2. genetic recombination is a well-known phenomenon for picornavirus which has been demonstrate ...201020537819
genotyping of porcine teschovirus from nervous tissue of pigs with and without polioencephalomyelitis in indiana.porcine teschovirus (ptv) was isolated in cell culture and/or demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in samples of brain and/or spinal cord in pigs in indiana during the 2002-2007 period. testing was initiated on pigs originating from populations exhibiting nervous clinical disease and/or pigs with microscopic lesions in central nervous tissues, indicating viral encephalitis and/or myelitis. virus was demonstrated in pigs with and without lesions as well as with and without nervous clinical d ...201020622231
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of vp1 of porcine enteric picornaviruses isolates in italy.porcine enterovirus (pev), porcine teschovirus and porcine sapelovirus, belonging to the family picornaviridae, are ubiquitous and mainly cause asymptomatic infections in pigs. in this study, a total of 40 italian porcine picornavirus isolates were characterized by sequencing the capsid vp1-encoding gene. this procedure turned out to be a useful diagnostic tool for the molecular identification of porcine enterovirus, teschovirus and sapelovirus strains and for the study of molecular epidemiology ...201021040508
a multiplex rt-pcr for rapid and simultaneous detection of porcine teschovirus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in clinical specimens.a multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr) assay was developed and evaluated for its ability to detect multiple viral infections of swine simultaneously. one pair of primers was selected carefully for each of the following three rna viruses: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and porcine teschovirus (ptv). each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 451bp (prrsv), 343bp (csfv), or 163bp (ptv). the sensitivity of the mrt-pcr using purifi ...201021192983
porcine teschovirus polioencephalomyelitis in western canada.beginning in 2002, a small number of pig farms in western canada began reporting 4-7-week-old pigs with bilateral hind-end paresis or paralysis. low numbers of pigs were affected, some died, most had to be euthanized, and those that survived had reduced weight gains and neurological deficits. necropsies revealed no gross lesions, but microscopic lesions consisted of a nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis, most severe in the brain stem and spinal cord. the lesions were most consistent with a vir ...201121398466
high cleavage efficiency of a 2a peptide derived from porcine teschovirus-1 in human cell lines, zebrafish and mice.when expression of more than one gene is required in cells, bicistronic or multicistronic expression vectors have been used. among various strategies employed to construct bicistronic or multicistronic vectors, an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) has been widely used. due to the large size and difference in expression levels between genes before and after ires, however, a new strategy was required to replace ires. a self-cleaving 2a peptide could be a good candidate to replace ires because o ...201121602908
evaluation of a fluorogenic real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method for the specific detection of all known serotypes of porcine teschoviruses.performance of a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction method for the rapid, simple and reliable detection of porcine teschovirus (ptv) was assessed. the method was based on the use of a set of oligonucleotides consisting of two specific primers and a fluorogenic taqman-mgb probe. reverse transcription and pcr reactions were performed sequentially in one step. as a result the whole procedure was simple and rapid, taking less than 3h for completion. the method reacted in a dos ...201121663764
development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of porcine teschovirus.loop-mediated isothermal ampliļ¬cation (lamp) is a sensitive method for dna ampliļ¬cation. in the present report, the development of a single-tube, one-step, real-time accelerated reverse transcription (rt)-lamp for the detection of porcine teschovirus (ptv) is described. six designed primers amplified target gene sequences successfully at constant temperature (65 °c) within 1 hr, and the amplification results could be visualized directly by the naked eye. the sensitivity of the lamp was 10 times ...201121908281
analyzing the genetic diversity of teschoviruses in spanish pig populations using complete vp1 sequences.porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) have been previously shown to be the most abundant cytopathic viruses found in swine feces. in the present study, the diversity of ptvs was studied, using ptv isolates collected between 2004 and 2009 in a wide territory in spain. in order to characterize genetically the isolates, phylogeny reconstructions were made using maximum likelihood and bayesian inference methods, based on the 1d (vp1) gene, and including sequences available in public databases. the phylogenet ...201121983686
porcine teschovirus in wild boars in hungary.the genus teschovirus, family picornaviridae, currently includes 12 serotypes (ptv 1 to 12) isolated from swine. ptvs have been well studied in domestic pigs, but knowledge about ptvs in wild boars is deficient. here, we report the first complete ptv genome sequence from 7 (70 %) of 10 fecal samples of wild boar piglets (sus scrofa) by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. analysis of the wild boar ptv strain wb2c-tv/2011/hun (jq429405) showed considerable difference, especially in vp1 (66-74 % amino acid ...201222569887
the survey of porcine teschoviruses, sapeloviruses and enteroviruses b infecting domestic pigs and wild boars in the czech republic between 2005 and 2011.this study presents results of epidemiological survey and genetic characterisation of porcine enteric picornaviruses belonging to the genera teschovirus, sapelovirus, and porcine enterovirus b. faecal or gut content samples from domestic pigs (sus scrofa f. domestica) and the cecal content of wild boars (sus scrofa) of different ages (collected between 2005 and 2011) were analysed by molecular methods. porcine enterovirus b was the most prevalent virus detected in both domestic pigs and wild boa ...201222579481
teschoviruses and sapeloviruses in faecal samples from wild boar in spain.teschovirus and sapelovirus are two genera of the picornaviridae family, comprising highly variable and heterogeneous enteric viruses, commonly found in faecal samples from domestic pigs. although both of them are also known to infect wild boar, studies on their presence in these wild suids are scarce. the present study aimed at determining the presence of porcine teschovirus (ptv) and sapelovirus (psv) in free-living wild boar populations, as well as to study their relationships with similar vi ...201223265238
new serotypes of porcine teschovirus identified in shanghai, china.teschoviruses are widely endemic and commonly found in pig fecal samples. in this study, we collected fecal specimens from various pig herds and genotyped them based on the vp1 gene. of 322 samples, 276 were positive, giving a ptv infectivity rate of 85.7 %. ptv4 was the most common serotype found in shanghai, followed by ptv8 and ptv10. interestingly, some shanghai strains belonging to a new ptv serotype were also isolated. in phylogenetic analysis, ptv sh8 did not correspond to any known serot ...201525552321
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...201728636590
characterization of ptv-12, a newly described porcine teschovirus serotype: in vivo infection and cross-protection studies.porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) constitute 1 of the 31 genera within the picornaviridae family, comprising at least 13 genetic types (ptv-1 to ptv-13), of which only 11 (ptv-1 to ptv-11) have been recognized as serotypes to date. specific for swine and wild boars, most ptvs are usually non-pathogenic, but some viral variants cause severe disorders in the central nervous system (teschen disease) or milder signs (talfan disease), as well as reproductive, digestive and respiratory disorders and skin l ...201728691894
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