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purification of alpha-l-fucosidase from various sources by affinity chromatography.an affinity column for alpha-l-fucosidases was constructed by linking p-amino-phenyl 1-thio-alpha-l-fucopyranoside to sepharose 4b through linkers of succinyl 3,3'-diamino-dipropylamine. excellent purification of alpha-l-fucosidase from rat epididymis, clostridium perfringens and limulus polyphemus (horse shoecrab) could be effected inone step with good yield. an affinity column purification step can be introduced at any point in published purification procedures. the purified enzyme is essentia ...197719490
[occurrence and routine detection of clostridium perfringens in the horse]. 1978206257
the prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in britain and ireland.a survey of 77 normal and 326 diarrhoeic foals in britain and ireland from 1987 to 1989 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of group a rotaviruses and aeromonas hydrophila in diarrhoeic foals. the prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially pathogenic escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica and clostridium perfringens was similar in normal or diarrhoeic foals. rotaviruses had a similar prevalence in all age groups of scouring foals up to three months of age, with an overall prevalence of ...19911663866
comparison of bacteriologic culture of blood and necropsy specimens for determining the cause of foal septicemia: 47 cases (1978-1987)diagnosis of bacterial septicemia was confirmed by results of bacteriologic culture of antemortem blood samples and/or necropsy specimens obtained from 47 foals up to 8 days old. gram-negative bacteria were isolated from all 47 foals, and mixed infections with more than one organism were involved in 26 (55%). escherichia coli, actinobacillus spp, and klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequent isolates, infecting 55, 34, and 23% of foals, respectively. gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic bacte ...19892624660
the effect of carbon dioxide on the in vitro activity of erythromycin and ru-28965 against anaerobic bacteria.the in vitro activity of erythromycin and ru-28965 (a novel macrolide antimicrobial with improved pharmacokinetics) was determined against a variety of anaerobic bacteria in anaerobic atmospheres with and without added carbon dioxide. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined using an antimicrobial incorporation technique in wilkins-chalgren agar (oxoid, uk) containing saponinlysed horse blood to a final concentration of 10%. the inoculum used was approximately 10(4) colony forming ...19873113907
[action specificity of neuraminidase. the action of bacterial neuraminidase on isomeric n,o-diacetylneuraminic acid glycosides in the submaxilllary mucin of horse and cow]. 19684300548
[epizootiology of clostridium infections]. 19674304375
k-1 antigen content and the presence of an additional sialic acid-containing antigen among bacteremic k-1 escherichia coli: correlation with susceptibility to opsonophagocytosis.eighty percent of blood culture isolates of escherichia coli k-1 are resistant to in vitro opsonophagocytosis by normal human granulocytes and fresh serum. to determine the basis for susceptibility to phagocytosis in 20% of bacteremic k-1 e. coli, we investigated possible quantitative and qualitative immunochemical differences in the k-1 antigen content among resistant and sensitive isolates. we prepared extracts of blood culture k-1 e. coli by sonication and determined the k-1 polysaccharide co ...19807000702
enterocolitis associated with clostridium perfringens infection in neonatal foals: 54 cases (1988-1997).to identify clinical signs, physical examination findings, results of diagnostic tests, treatments administered, and clinical outcome of neonatal foals with enterocolitis associated with clostridium perfringens infection.19989621884
enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a necrotic enteritis in a foal.a thoroughbred-quarter horse crossbred foal developed hemorrhagic enteritis and died < 48 hours after birth. gross and histologic findings were suggestive of clostridium perfringens type c infection, and large numbers of c perfringens were isolated from intestinal contents. however, genotyping of isolates indicated that they were enterotoxigenic c perfringens type a, and isolates were found to produce c perfringens enterotoxin in vitro. this case suggests that enterotoxigenic c perfringens type ...19989810388
detection of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed for the detection of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin in intestinal contents of animals which have died of suspected c perfringens type a enterotoxaemia. the test can also be used for testing culture supernatants of c perfringens isolates for the presence of alpha toxin. the test was sensitive and quantitative detecting toxin down to the 25ng level. the use of the elisa for the detection of alpha toxin in conjunction with those f ...19979368967
detection of bacteria in equine synovial fluid by use of the polymerase chain reaction.equine synovial fluid aliquots were inoculated with salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, actinobacillus equuli, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus zooepidemicus to obtain approximate concentrations of 1000, 100, 10, and 1 colony forming u/ml. synovial fluid aliquots were also inoculated with an unquantitated inoculum of bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens. inoculated synovial fluid was incubated in trypticase-soy broth or columbia broth for approximately 12 hours. then al ...19969012103
malignant oedema caused by clostridium perfringens type a in a horse. 19827120271
bacteriologic examination of equine fecal flora as a diagnostic tool for equine intestinal clostridiosis.the fecal flora of 56 clinically healthy and 23 sick horses were examined bacteriologically for counts of clostridium perfringens, molds, coliforms, alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, and microbes belonging to genus bacillus, as well as for the presence of salmonella spp. of the healthy horses, 85.7% had a c perfringens count less than 10(1) colony-forming units/g of feces. of the healthy horses, lowest counts were found in race-horses. of the sick horses, equine intestinal clostridiosis wa ...19816280523
equine colitis "x", still an enigma?colitis "x" is a sporadic diarrheal disease of horses with clinical signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and "shock"-like features. macroscopic and microscopic findings include signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation, necrosis of colonic mucosa and presence of large numbers of bacteria in the devitalized parts of the intestine. recently published work suggests that the causative agent may be clostridium perfringens, type a, but the bacteria are recoverable only in the preliminary ...19816265055
enterotoxaemia in a foal due to clostridium perfringens type a. 19882904258
haemorrhagic necrotising enteritis in foals associated with clostridium perfringens.two foals aged 35 and 48 h from 2 thoroughbred studs died several hours after developing clinical signs of depression, severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea and dehydration. both foals had an acute haemorrhagic enteritis extending from the anterior jejunum to the terminal ileum which was characterised histologically by villus necrosis. necrotic villi were surrounded by large numbers of rod-shaped gram positive bacteria. clostridium perfringens was recovered from the intestines of both foals and the isol ...19852865948
clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia in two young horses. 19902264247
emphysematous gastritis in a horse.a 12-year-old morgan gelding was examined for colic of 3 days duration. signs of depression, colic, diarrhea, and endotoxemia persisted despite aggressive medical therapy and surgical exploration. culture results from gastric fluid and feces yielded many colonies of clostridium perfringens. this organism also was recovered from peritoneal fluid 10 days after admission; consequently, the horse was euthanized. at necropsy, a localized gas-filled, necrotic stomach wall was found; many mucosal and s ...19911993393
[effect of intravenous injections of clostridium perfringens (welchii) spore (entero) toxin in the horse]. 1978220692
pathology of clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia in horses.clostridium perfringens type c is an important cause of enteritis and enterocolitis in foals and occasionally in adult horses. the disease is a classic enterotoxemia, and the enteric lesions and systemic effects are caused primarily by beta toxin, 1 of 2 major toxins produced by c. perfringens type c. until now, only sporadic cases of c. perfringens type c equine enterotoxemia have been reported. we present a comprehensive description of the lesions in 8 confirmed cases of type c enterotoxemia i ...201121502373
prevalence of clostridium perfringens in faeces and ileal contents from grass sickness affected horses: comparisons with 3 control populations.while previous studies have demonstrated an association between equine grass sickness (egs) and the presence of clostridium botulinum within ileal contents and faeces, no such associations with other intestinal-derived anaerobic bacteria have been extensively investigated.201020716188
treatment of septicaemia and severe bacterial infections in foals with a new cefquinome formulation: a field study.a multicentre field study was conducted in accordance with vich guideline on good clinical practice (vich 2000) to confirm the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of cefquinome for the treatment of naturally occurring severe bacterial infections and septicaemia in foals. thirty-nine foals suffering from severe bacterial infections (such as pneumonia, gastro-enteritis, arthritis, omphalitis, or wound infections) or acute septicaemia were treated twice daily with the test product (1 mg cefqui ...200919813447
an investigation of the prevalence of the toxigenic types of clostridium perfringens in horses with anterior enteritis: preliminary results.equine anterior enteritis is an acute syndrome with unknown aetiology, although salmonellosis and infection with clostridium perfringens have both been suggested as potential causes. the main aim of this preliminary study was to compare the prevalence of toxigenic types of c. perfringens in clinically healthy horses and in horses with anterior enteritis. from horses admitted with colic at phillip leverhulme large animal hospital in 1995-1996, samples of gastric reflux, small intestinal contents ...199716887575
acute diarrhea in the adult horse: case example and review. 200616627106
antibody responses of mares to prepartum vaccination with clostridium perfringens bacterin and beta2 toxin. 200516361475
the association of erythromycin ethylsuccinate with acute colitis in horses in sweden.in sweden there are several reports of mares developing acute colitis while their foals were being treated orally for rhodococcus equi pneumonia with the combination of erythromycin and rifampicin. in this study 6 adult horses were given low oral dosages of these antibiotics, singly or in combination. within 3 days post administration of erythromycin, in one case in combination with rifampicin, 2 horses developed severe colitis (one fatal). clostridium difficile was isolated from one of the hors ...199715338913
characteristics of clostridium perfringens strains associated with food and food-borne disease.hall, herbert e. (robert a. taft sanitary engineering center, cincinnati, ohio), robert angelotti, keith h. lewis, and milton j. foter. characteristics of clostridium perfringens strains associated with food and food-borne disease. j. bacteriol. 85:1094-1103. 1963.-a total of 83 strains of clostridium perfringens-30 from england, europe, and asia, associated with food-poisoning outbreaks; 28 from the united states, associated with outbreaks or contaminated foods; and 25 from natural or pathologi ...196314044000
clostridium perfringens urachitis and uroperitoneum in 2 neonatal foals. 200212141314
clostridial enterocolitis.equine clostridial enterocolitis is being recognized with increasing frequency. it has been identified in foals with diarrhea, antibiotic-associated enterocolitis, or nosocomial enterocolitis. the sporadic occurrence of clostridial enterocolitis, the variety of types of clostridia involved, and the difficulty of experimentally reproducing the disease suggest that it is a poorly defined multifactorial syndrome. the risk factors associated with susceptibility to colonization and progressive infect ...200011219344
development and evaluation of various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of clostridium perfringens beta anti-toxins.the aim of our work was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against the clostridium perfringens beta toxin. for this purpose, five different ways of performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were investigated. positive and negative sera of different animals and partially purified beta toxin were used. in all enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, microplates were first coated with monoclonal antibodies against the c. perfringens beta toxin. act ...199910397314
prevalence of beta2-toxigenic clostridium perfringens in horses with intestinal disorders.the incidence of a new, yet unassigned toxin type of clostridium perfringens containing the genes for the alpha-toxin and the recently described beta2-toxin in horses with intestinal disorders is reported. the study included 18 horses suffering from typical typhlocolitis, 7 horses with atypical typhlocolitis, 16 horses with other intestinal disorders, and 58 horses without intestinal disease. in total, 20 samples of ingesta of the small and large intestines, five biopsy specimens of the intestin ...19999889218
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