| paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in ireland. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in one 18-month-old and two 30-month-old hinds in a herd of 70 red deer (cervus elaphus) in ireland. loss of condition and intermittent diarrhoea were the main clinical findings. clumps of acid-fast organisms were found in the faeces of the three deer. post mortem examination of one deer showed a slight swelling and pallor of the intestinal tract and associated lymph nodes. histopathology showed a severe, granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis, with extensive ce ... | 1993 | 8451813 |
| pathology of spontaneous and experimental infection of north american wild ruminants with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | spontaneous paratuberculosis was studied in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), and rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus). lesions of paratuberculosis in these species resembled the disease in domestic sheep and goats. mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured from bighorn sheep was used to orally infect bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid sheep, elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). clinical pa ... | 1983 | 6879954 |
| experimental infection of some north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep with mycobacterium paratuberculosis: clinical and bacteriological findings. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis originally isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) with spontaneous paratuberculosis was used to orally inoculate rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns, bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid lambs, and domestic lambs. all experimentally exposed animals became infected. during the first year of infection, hybrid and domestic sheep were able to control the in ... | 1983 | 6644916 |
| lymphocyte blastogenesis, complement fixation, and fecal culture as diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep. | the efficacy of the lymphocyte blastogenesis and complement-fixation tests and fecal culture for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was assessed in bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (o virginianus), bighorn x mouflon (o musimon) hybrid sheep, and domestic sheep. spontaneously infected bighorns were tested at the time of capture; experimentally infected animals were tested monthly for 12 months or p ... | 1985 | 4073642 |
| radiometric culture of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis from the feces of tule elk. | to determine if mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis has persisted in tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) at point reyes national seashore (california, usa), 100 fresh fecal samples were collected. feces were cultured on a modified bactec 12b radiometric medium for detection of m. avium paratuberculosis. four samples, coming from two separate groups of elk tested positive for m. avium paratuberculosis. thus, a noninvasive technique was used to document the continued presence of m. avium paratuber ... | 1997 | 9249713 |
| epizootic of paratuberculosis in farmed elk. | after multiple cases of chronic diarrhea and weight loss in a farmed elk herd, 3 yearlings and 1 adult elk with similar clinical signs were euthanatized and necropsied. gross and histologic evidence of paratuberculosis were found in the yearlings. evidence of serum antibody to mycobacterium paratuberculosis was detected in the 2 elk with the most disseminated infection. acid-fast organisms were isolated from multiple organs in all 4 elk and identified as m paratuberculosis by dna probe. thirty-f ... | 1998 | 9810391 |
| paratuberculosis in red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) in the western alps. | during the hunting seasons 1995-96 to 1997-98, 19 red deer from the upper susa valley (cottian alps) were examined for paratuberculosis (johne's disease). specific dna amplification on mesenteric lymph nodes detected mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in 17 animals. ten of these red deer were tested for serum antibodies by the agid and elisa tests, nine being negative. three isolates from infected deer were genetically characterized by an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, and showe ... | 2000 | 11085463 |
| first evidence of johne's disease in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in belgium. | in a deer farm, chronic diarrhoea was seen in a 4-year-old hind. this animal died in poor condition on the farm and johne's disease was suspected. ziehl-neelsen staining of the faeces of this hind were positive for the presence of clumps of small acid-fast bacilli, but faecal cultures remained negative. direct and indirect tests were performed on 24 hinds and stags (yearlings, 2- and 4-year-old animals). the indirect tests performed were serology (mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibody elisa, h ... | 2000 | 11118713 |
| testing for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in asymptomatic free-ranging tule elk from an infected herd. | forty-five adult tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) in good physical condition were translocated from a population located at point reyes national seashore, marin county (california, usa), to a holding pen 6 mo prior to release in an unfenced region of the park. because infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) had been reported in the source population, the translocated elk underwent extensive ante-mortem testing using three johne's disease assays: enzyme linked immunoso ... | 2003 | 12910759 |
| epidemiology of paratuberculosis in wild ruminants studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism in the czech republic during the period 1995-1998. | in two studies carried out during the period 1995-1998, paratuberculosis was diagnosed in domestic and wild ruminants in the czech republic. the isolated mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains were analysed by standardised restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) [pavlik, i., horvathova, a., dvorska, l., bartl, j., svastova, p., du maine, r., rychlik, i., 1999. j. microbiol. methods 38, 155-167]. in december 1992, 19 late pregnant charolais heifers were imported to the cz ... | 2000 | 11118709 |
| serologic survey for antibodies against mycobacterium a vium subsp. paratuberculosis in free-ranging cervids from norway. | affinity between protein-g and immunoglobulins from red deer (cervus elaphus), moose (alces alces), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) was tested in a competition binding assay. sera from red deer, reindeer, and moose inhibited the assay less than sera from cattle (less affinity), whereas sera from roe deer showed a slightly higher affinity to protein-g than did sera from cattle. the conclusion was made that protein-g could be used instead of anti-species a ... | 2004 | 15137486 |
| health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk. | when considering an elk (cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. we prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western north america to the southeastern usa. we evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. first, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of ... | 2001 | 11504216 |
| analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (cervus elaphus). | elk (cervus claphus) are reservoirs for brucella abortus, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. an understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (no) up ... | 2002 | 12038134 |
| paratuberculosis in red deer (cervus elaphus): an immunohistochemical study. | in the present study, we compared the utility of immunohistochemistry with serological and histological results for the characterization of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) in tissues of affected red deer. bacterial isolation was considered the standard reference. samples were taken from seven clinically affected animals with typical macroscopic lesions. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the gel diffusion tests (gd) were used for serological determi ... | 2001 | 15129586 |
| mycobacterial diseases of deer. | the most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive and farmed deer are bovine tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, johne's disease (paratuberculosis), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (basonym m. paratuberculosis), and avian tuberculosis, caused principally by m. avium subsp avium. the first case of m. bovis infection in farmed deer was identified in new zealand in 1978. in 1983, a voluntary scheme was introduced in new zealand to control tuberculosis ... | 2004 | 15726126 |
| paratuberculosis in farmed and free-living wild ruminants in the czech republic (1999-2001). | due to the occurrence of the infection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis among domestic ruminants and the rapid development of farmed deer industry and the market of cloven-hoofed game we have carried surveys of paratuberculosis, beginning in 1997, in the most common four species of wild ruminants in the czech republic [pavlik et al., vet. microbiol. 77 (2000) 231-251]. from 1999 the prevalence of paratuberculosis has been slightly reduced in all three types of husbandry of wild ... | 2004 | 15261995 |
| paratuberculosis and avian tuberculosis infections in one red deer farm studied by is900 and is901 rflp analysis. | as the attempt to eradicate paratuberculosis in one red deer (cervus elaphus) farm failed, all 167 red deer of different age groups were slaughtered and examined by culture for mycobacteria, and the farm was closed down. spleen and hepatic lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph node, ileocecal lymph node, and ileum were collected from each animal and examined (a total of 835 organs). neither tuberculosis lesions nor pathognomic signs of paratuberculosis were detected. among all microscopically negative ... | 2005 | 15708824 |
| factors affecting the herd level of antibodies against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | a case-control study was made of norwegian dairy herds with high and low herd levels of antibodies against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. a high proportion of the herds had a considerable number of seropositive cows, and environmental and management factors were examined for possible associations with the high serological levels of antibodies. the most important appeared to be: geographical location, red deer (cervus elaphus) gaining access to the pastures for cattle, the obser ... | 2004 | 15143743 |
| the effect of johne's vaccination on tuberculin testing in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | to assess the degree of interference with bovine tuberculin testing in farmed red deer that vaccination of young deer with an oil-adjuvanted vs aqueous formulation of live attenuated mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain 316f vaccines would be likely to cause, and to compare immunological responses between vaccine formulations. | 2005 | 16044180 |
| intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in farmed red deer. | to determine whether intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) occurs in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand. | 2006 | 16528389 |
| immunological and molecular characterization of susceptibility in relationship to bacterial strain differences in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the red deer (cervus elaphus). | johne's disease (jd) infection, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, represents a major disease problem in farmed ruminants. although jd has been well characterized in cattle and sheep, little is known of the infection dynamics or immunological response in deer. in this study, typing of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from intestinal lymphatic tissues from 74 jd-infected animals showed that clinical isolates of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from new zealand farmed ... | 2006 | 16714585 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infections in a tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) herd. | between 2 august and 22 september 2000, 37 hunter-killed tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were evaluated at the grizzly island wildlife area, california, usa, for evidence of paratuberculosis. elk were examined post-mortem, and tissue and fecal samples were submitted for radiometric mycobacterial culture. acid-fast isolates were identified by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that discriminates among members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). histopathologic evaluations were c ... | 2006 | 17255437 |
| infections caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies avium, hominissuis, and paratuberculosis in free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) in austria, 2001-2004. | between 2001 and 2004, 14 austrian free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) infected by mycobacterium avium species were observed. eight of the cases were from different geographical regions, and six originated from the same hunting area. the affected animals had signs of diarrhea, severe weight loss, and emaciation. on post-mortem examination, lymphadenitis associated with grossly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes as well as multiple caseous or purulent nodular lesions in the thickened ... | 2006 | 17255438 |
| [mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in styria/austria]. | infections with mycobacterium ovium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) are increasingly recognised worldwide. in addition to an increased prevalence of paratuberculosis in austrian cattle herds, recent years have also shown a rise in infections with m. paratuberculosis in wild red and roe deer, chamois and mouflon. during the period from june 2002 to september 2004, mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from a total of 483 wild animals hunted or found dead and from 338 deceased cattle. samp ... | 2005 | 16048043 |
| definitive differentiation between single and mixed mycobacterial infections in red deer (cervus elaphus) by a combination of duplex amplification of p34 and f57 sequences and hpy188i enzymatic restriction of duplex amplicons. | severe emaciation and mortalities suggestive of mycobacterial infections were recently reported for both adult and young wild red deer (cervus elaphus) in the southeastern part of belgium. in deer, tuberculous lesions are not pathognomonic of mycobacterium bovis infection due to gross and microscopic similarities with lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or m. avium subsp. avium. the aim of this study was to improve molecular methods for the species-specific identificati ... | 2005 | 16145120 |
| immunoglobulin g1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of johne's disease in red deer (cervus elaphus). | this study was designed to develop a customized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serodiagnosis of johne's disease (jd) in farmed deer. two antigens were selected on the basis of their superior diagnostic readouts: denatured purified protein derivative (ppdj) and undenatured protoplasmic antigen (ppag). elisa development was based on the antigen reactivity of the immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) isotype, which is a highly specific marker for mycobacterial disease seroreactivity in deer. ... | 2005 | 16339063 |
| experimental infections in young red deer (cervus elaphus) with a bovine and an ovine strain of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to compare the virulence of a 'bovine' and an 'ovine' strain of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (m. ptb) in red deer (cervus elaphus) after experimental inoculation orally, and to examine the relationship between the dose of the bovine strain given and immunological, clinical and histopathological outcomes in young red deer. | 2007 | 17339913 |
| comparison of three immunological diagnostic tests for the detection of avian tuberculosis in naturally infected red deer (cervus elaphus). | cases of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (cct) skin test, the interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (ppa-3) as antigens. three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, ... | 2009 | 19139508 |
| intra-uterine transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in subclinically affected red deer (cervus elaphus). | to determine the rate of transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (m. ptb) from hind to fetus in utero, and the risk of transmission from dam to fawn via infected colostrum and milk in subclinically affected red deer hinds. | 2007 | 18059649 |
| efficacy, immune responses and side-effects of vaccines against johne's disease in young red deer (cervus elaphus) experimentally challenged with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to test the efficacy of a commercially available and an experimental vaccine against johne's disease in young red deer (cervus elaphus), using experimental challenge with live virulent mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (m. ptb), measure injection-site reactions, and assess the effects of vaccination and challenge on results of subsequent skin tests and ancillary blood tests for bovine tuberculosis (tb). | 2008 | 18322553 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| sensitivity, specificity, and confounding factors of novel serological tests used for the rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | in this study, novel serological tests were used to detect tuberculosis (tb) in groups of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) varying in disease status or possible confounding factors. groups of deer naturally or experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis and animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis were studied, as were uninfected animals and animals naturally or experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. sera were assayed using two rapid lateral-flow tests, ... | 2010 | 20164247 |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cell population changes associated with age and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus). | in this study we aimed to document the maturation of the immune system in red deer and investigate the hypothesis that an immature immune system may predispose young red deer (cervus elaphus) to an increased susceptibility to johne's disease. peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations were analysed using flow cytometry techniques to monitor changes associated with age and severity of infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in red deer. the percentage of cells expressing ... | 2010 | 20378187 |
| differential immune responses of red deer (cervus elaphus) following experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | immune responses of red deer (cervus elaphus) that presented with different levels of paucibacillary pathology were profiled to detail immune changes during the progression of johne's disease. immune responses were monitored using an immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), a gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) elisa, and flow cytometry. animals in the study were divided into outcome groups postmortem according to disease severity. all animals mounted igg1 antibody a ... | 2008 | 18400974 |
| factors affecting red deer skin test responsiveness to bovine and avian tuberculin and to phytohaemagglutinin. | we studied the effect of management on the responsiveness of red deer (cervus elaphus) to skin testing with mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens. we hypothesized that individuals from populations of the same species under different management conditions would have a different immune responsiveness. deer sampled in this study included 1041 adult animals from 6 spanish farms and 111 adult wild deer. we injected four sites of the neck with 0.1 ml bovine purified protein derivative (ppd), 0. ... | 2009 | 19423178 |
| characterization of pathogen-specific expression of host immune response genes in anaplasma and mycobacterium species infected ruminants. | anaplasma and mycobacterium species are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in european red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain and are known to modify gene expression in ruminants. in this study, we used microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr analyses to characterize global gene expression profiles in red deer in response to anaplasma ovis and a. ovis/mycobacterium bovis/mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (map) infections, compare the expression of immune respons ... | 2010 | 20952064 |
| age susceptibility of red deer (cervus elaphus) to paratuberculosis. | the aim of this study was to measure the relative susceptibility of three age classes of red deer (cervus elaphus) to the various manifestations of infection and disease states due to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) after experimental oral challenge. three groups of seronegative female deer (30 three-month-old weaners, 20 fifteen-month-old yearlings and 20 adults) received four oral doses of approximately 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) of a bovine strain of map. they were mon ... | 2010 | 20005645 |
| evidence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dutch farmed red deer. | paratuberculosis is a chronic disease in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). most economic losses due to map occur in the dairy industry. however, the infection is not restricted to cattle, but also occurs in other ruminants, such as sheep, goat, and deer. although deer are of minimal economic importance in the netherlands, they may constitute a source of infection for the dairy industry. this pilot study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of johne's dise ... | 2010 | 21207913 |
| immunoregulatory cytokines are associated with protection from immunopathology following mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in red deer. | although the causative agent of johne's disease, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, is well known, the etiology of disease and the immune responses generated in response to infection are still poorly understood. knowledge of definitive markers of protective immunity, infection, and the establishment of chronic granulomatous johne's disease is necessary to advance vaccine and diagnostic development. we sought to profile the immune responses occurring within jejunal lymph nodes of experi ... | 2011 | 21321071 |
| johne's disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus): an histopathological grading system, and comparison of paucibacillary and multibacillary disease. | to describe a grading system for evaluating lesions in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of red deer (cervus elaphus) infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), and report the distribution of granulomas and findings seen in paucibacillary and multibacillary forms of the disease. | 2010 | 20383243 |
| histopathology of grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes of new zealand farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) including identification of lipopigment. | this article describes the histopathology of grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns) of new zealand farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). eighty mlns were sourced from 10 deer from 5 north island herds and 5 south island herds classified as low risk and high risk of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection, respectively. fixed sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; ziehl-neelsen; and, selectively, periodic acid-schiff, perl's, and sudan black. positive ziehl-ne ... | 2010 | 20881317 |
| immunological and pathological responses of red deer resistant or susceptible genotypes, to experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study aimed to monitor the clinical, immunological and pathological changes in red deer for 49 weeks after experimental oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and to assess the heritability of resistance in the offspring of two red stags. eighteen young deer, which were bred from unselected hinds and sired by two stags resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to paratuberculosis, were challenged with map and monitored for 49 weeks. biopsy samples of the jejunal lymph ... | 2011 | 21782254 |
| pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in western alberta: does transmission route matter? | in southwestern alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. to assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ma ... | 2014 | 24517283 |
| mycobacterial screening of czech red deer (cervus elaphus) populations in overwintering sites, 2004-2006. | one isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected in 2,212 fecal samples of wild deer assembled in overwintering sites (ows). neither m. bovis nor m. a. subsp. avium was found. therefore, congregating deer in owss does not automatically lead to the amplification of these pathogens among animals in owss. | 2011 | 21719853 |
| effect of vaccination and natural infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on specificity of diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | to assess the effect of vaccination against paratuberculosis (johne's disease) on reactivity to diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis (tb) in deer exposed to natural challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), and to investigate map infection as a factor in tb test cross-reactivity at the herd level. | 2011 | 21851298 |
| suspicion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis transmission between cattle and wild-living red deer (cervus elaphus) by multi target genotyping. | for epidemiological tracing of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), multi-target genotyping of the etiologic agent mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is necessary. the study was undertaken to assess the informative value of different typing techniques and individual genome markers by investigation of map transmission between wild-living red deer and farmed cattle with known shared habitats.53 map-type-ii-isolates were differentiated by short-sequence repeat (ssr, 4 loci)-, mycobact ... | 2011 | 22179249 |
| granuloma coinfection with mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in five hunted red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal. | we report granulomatous lymphadenitis in red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal caused by coinfection with corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, as demonstrated by molecular methods. | 2015 | 25932668 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in kidney samples of red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal: evaluation of different methods. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. the present work is part of a wider set of studies designed to assess the prevalence of paratuberculosis in free ranging red deer (cervus elaphus). with that purpose, 877 free-ranging red deer legally hunted in the centre-eastern portugal were submitted to necropsy and sampled for molecular methods, microbiology and his ... | 2017 | 28132959 |
| solid sage sequencing shows differential gene expression in jejunal lymph node samples of resistant and susceptible red deer (cervus elaphus) challenged with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study compared in vivo lymph node gene expression levels between six young red deer that were either relatively resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to paratuberculosis following experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. intestinal lymph nodes were biopsied at 4, 12 and 50 weeks post challenge (pc) and parallel changes in histopathology, immunology and bacterial load monitored. solid sage (serial analysis of gene expression) next generation sequencing of biopsied ... | 2016 | 26620077 |
| the modification and evaluation of an elisa test for the surveillance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wild ruminants. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is often used to test wildlife samples for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. however, commercially available kits are only validated for use with domestic ruminant species. a literature review was performed to document the current use of map serum elisa in wild and semi-domestic ruminants. we then modified and evaluated a commercial elisa kit (idexx mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibody test kit) for use with species for whic ... | 2013 | 23302439 |
| longitudinal pathogenesis study of young red deer (cervus elaphus) after experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | paratuberculosis progresses more quickly in young red deer than in sheep or cattle. this study describes the clinical, immunological and pathological changes over a 50-week period in fourteen 4-month-old red deer that received heavy oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). at 4 and 12 weeks post challenge they were anaesthetized and a section of jejunal lymph node was surgically removed for culture, histopathology, and genetic studies. all 14 deer became infected, n ... | 2012 | 22720193 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) with grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes. | to estimate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in farmed deer with no gross post-mortem evidence of map infection slaughtered in new zealand, and to assess predictors of infection. | 2013 | 23441922 |