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serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens.serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in ohio and indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), paramyxovirus (pmv) 2, pmv3, pmv7, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), bordetella avium, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella typhimurium. one ostrich had antibodies to aiv h5n9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to ...200011195659
detection and quantification of antibodies to newcastle disease virus in ostrich and rhea sera using a liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.a liquid phase blocking elisa (lpb-elisa) was adapted for the detection and quantification of antibodies to newcastle disease virus. sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated commercial flocks of ostriches (struthio camelus) and rheas (rhea americana) were tested. the purified and nonpurified virus used as the antigen and the capture and detector antibodies were prepared and standardized for this purpose. the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was regarded as the reference method. the cutoff poin ...200011063502
[vaccination of ostriches (struthio camelus, linnaeus, 1758) against newcastle disease: evidence for vaccine compatibility and seroconversion after vaccinations using the hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization tests].newcastle disease (nd) remains to be the worldwide most important infectious disease of poultry. this epizootic is in germany and many other countries a notifiable disease. prophylactic vaccination is the major tool for the control of nd in poultry and other birds. eighty-three ostriches (struthio camelus) which were kept on farms in germany were checked for the presence of ndv-specific antibodies. some of these birds are said to be vaccinated against newcastle disease. only some of these ostric ...199910085579
experimental infection of vaccinated slaughter ostriches with virulent newcastle disease virus.a virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolate from an outbreak in commercial poultry, with virulence indices of mdt = 47-48 h; ivpi = 2,17 and icpi = 1,8; was used to inoculate 10x vaccinated (standard poultry vaccines) as well as 10x unvaccinated slaughter ostriches via intratracheal, ocular and nasal routes, in a controlled environment. all unvaccinated ostriches developed clinical signs (mainly respiratory); two of them died while the other eight recovered. no vaccinated ostriches develope ...19979467177
a serosurvey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against poultry pathogens in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe.horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-ostrich igg was raised and used in commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to detect antibodies reactive with 11 poultry pathogens in sera from 149 ostriches from nine farms around zimbabwe. antibodies were detected to turkey rhinotracheitis virus (99%), newcastle disease virus (23%), avian reovirus (19%), infectious bursal disease virus (15%), avian encephalomyelitis virus (15%), mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or m. synoviae (11%), reticuloend ...19947832718
isolation and characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 3b from farmed namibian ostriches (struthio camelus f. dom.).meat and skin from farmed ostriches are valuable products for european consumers. the eu regulations require that ostrich products deamed for export need to come from ostriches that are free of antibodies against newcastle disease virus (avian paramxovirus type 1, apmv-1). after the detection of antibodies against apmv-1 in one of five ostrich farms in namibia, attempts were made to isolate the causative virus. no apmv-1 but an avian paramyxovirus type 3 (apmv-3) was isolated from five pharyngea ...201020329642
Situation of Serum Antibodies against Newcastle Disease Virus in Slaughter-Age Ostriches after Vaccination Campaign in Japan.A total of 516 slaughter-age ostrich sera were collected in Japan during 2006-2009. Sixty-one of five hundred and sixteen were positive by virus neutralization (VN) test and the titer of most positive samples was low level. Within the 61 positive sera, 35 sera were collected from unvaccinated ostriches. This result implies that these ostriches might have been infected naturally with low-virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Within the 455 negative samples, 125 samples were from vaccinated ostr ...201122075709
full genomic characterization of a lentogenic newcastle disease virus isolated from farm-reared ostriches (struthio camelus) in northwest china.to our knowledge, our study is the first to report the whole-genome sequence of an ostrich-origin newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolate, abbreviated as ostrich/sx-01/06. phylogenetic analysis revealed that this isolate belongs to the subgenotype c in class ii. the identification of the complete genome will provide useful information regarding ostrich diseases, especially ndv.201728183763
molecular characterization of newcastle disease viruses in ostriches (struthio camelus l.): further evidences of recombination within avian paramyxovirus type 1.newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains isolated from ostriches have been genotyped for the first time by partial sequencing of the f gene to determine the epidemiologic role that this species can play within nd outbreaks. fifteen additional ndv strains, mostly isolated from chickens but also from pigeons and penguins, were also included in the study to determine genetic relationships with ostriches ndv isolates. high genetic diversity was demonstrated in ostrich ndv isolates, as the 10 isolates w ...201021215532
isolation of influenza a virus, subtype h5n2, and avian paramyxovirus type 1 from a flock of ostriches in europe.a total of 146 of 506 ostriches (struthio camelus) introduced into a quarantine in denmark died within the first 23 days. the majority of deaths were in young birds up to 10 kg body weight. avian influenza a viruses (aivs) were isolated from 14 pools of organ tissues representing seven groups each of three or four ostriches, which died over the first 3 weeks. the aivs were detected in respiratory tissues, kidneys and intestines. all were subtype h5n2. the intravenous pathogenicity index of each ...199818483960
comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition test for the detection of antibodies against newcastle disease virus in ostriches (struthio camelus).reactivity of ostrich sera to newcastle disease virus (ndv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test were compared. ten-month old ostriches seronegative by both tests were vaccinated with an oil-based ndv vaccine on days 0 and 11. significant levels of reactive antibodies were first detected on day 11 by elisa (sample/positive ratio > 0.2 in 11/20 birds; 55%) and hi (titre > 1/8 in 10/20 birds; 50%). at the end of the experiment (day 37) all birds h ...199718483912
antibody responses to la sota strain vaccines of newcastle disease virus in ostriches (struthio camelus) as detected by enzyme-link ed immunosorbent assay.because of the fact that south africa is a newcastle disease virus (ndv)-endemic country, major concerns exist that the export of ostrich meat could transmit velogenic strains of this disease. the ability to transmit the virus could be reduced by effective vaccination of south african ostriches. in this study, two vaccination trials were conducted to assess serum antibody production in response to vaccination with la sota strain ndv vaccines. to this end, a commercially available chicken anti-nd ...200010879920
detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus in ostriches (struthio camelus) by an indirect elisa.a two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis, performed on the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test results of a newcastle disease virus (ndv)-positive and ndv-negative control group of ostrich sera, proved that the elisa was superior to the hi in both sensitivity and specificity. comparison of results of the two assays performed on a panel of simulated positive sera ranging from very weak to very strong showed that the elisa was at least ...19979454920
isolation and characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (newcastle disease) viruses from a flock of ostriches (struthio camelus) and emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) in europe with inconsistent serology.during a 95-day study period in 1995 in denmark, 18 ostriches in a flock of 77 ostriches and four emus held in quarantine died. clinical and pathological observations did not indicate the presence of transmissible infectious disease in the flock. management failures and indoor housing were believed to have contributed significantly to the number of deaths. samples from 17 of the dead ostriches were examined virologically. three isolates of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (apmv-1) were obtained fr ...199818484013
serological and virological studies of newcastle disease and avian influenza in slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in japan.serum samples from 191 ostriches (struthio camelus) in japan were tested for antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv). twenty-two (12%) contained ndv-specific neutralizing antibodies by a virus-neutralization (vn) test without vaccination. antibodies to aiv were not detected in the any sera by an agar gel precipitation test. seven serum samples that had vaccinated with live ndv by eye drop were all positive by the vn test at 1 month post vaccination. a haemaggl ...200616757893
first finding of libyostrongylosis in farm-reared ostriches (struthio camelus) in croatia: unusual histopathological finding in the brain of two ostriches, naturally infected with libyostrongylus douglasi.in the present work, the very first finding of libyostrongylus douglasi in farm-reared ostriches in croatia, was described, not only as the main cause of the death, but also as the cause of persistent infection. the results of histopathological examination of almost all parenchymatous organs in two routinely necropsied ostriches were presented, including atypical histopathological finding in the brain and the result of the l. douglasi scanning electron microscopical (sem) examination. in order t ...200717448602
isolation of paramyxovirus serotype 7 from ostriches (struthio camelus).paramyxovirus serotype 7 (pmv-7) was isolated from pooled intestinal contents of two 5-month-old ostriches (struthio camelus). the pathogenicity of the virus was comparable with lentogenic strains of newcastle disease virus (pmv-1) in chicken and chicken embryo pathogenicity tests. the relationship of the virus to the observed pathology of proliferative nonsuppurative enteritis is unknown; the campylobacter jejuni isolated was presumably the primary pathogen. to our knowledge, this is the first ...19968980831
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