| detection of immunoglobulin g, m, and a antibodies to enterovirus structural proteins by immunoblot technique in echovirus type 4-infected patients. | paired serum specimens from 24 patients with echovirus (ev) type 4 infection by virus isolation were tested by the immunoblot technique for the presence of igg, igm, and iga antibodies to ev4 structural proteins. single sera from 20 patients without neutralizing enterovirus igm were used as controls. all the sera from ev4-infected patients had igg antibodies to vp1 of ev4 but also 13 out of the 20 controls. 23 out of 24 ev4-infected patients elicited igm and iga specific antibodies to vp1, a pat ... | 1990 | 2176661 |
| echovirus type 4 as a probable cause of meningitis associated with bilateral optic neuritis: a case report. | a 30-year-old man developed bilateral optic neuritis 1 week after acute viral meningitis caused by echovirus type 4. he received a high-dose steroid treatment combined with intravenous gamma -globulin. his visual recovery was good, and there was no sign of a primary demyelinating disease. | 2004 | 14999646 |
| mosaic genome structure of echovirus type 30 that circulated in taiwan in 2001. | an echovirus type 30 (e30) outbreak occurred in taiwan in 2001. in this study, one 1998 and nineteen 2001 enterovirus isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of children with meningitis were genetically analyzed. although negative results were obtained using the e30-specific monoclocal antibody in an immunofluorescent assay (ifa) test of all 20 isolates, molecular typing by partial vp1 sequences and subsequent neutralization test identified them as e30. among those, seven of them were misidentif ... | 2007 | 17610124 |
| molecular typing of enteroviruses associated with viral meningitis in cyprus, 2000-2002. | human enteroviruses are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases affecting many different organ systems. although infection is usually asymptomatic, infections of the central nervous system manifested as meningitis or encephalitis can pose a serious public health problem, especially during outbreaks. in this study, samples from 218 patients diagnosed with enteroviral meningitis between january 2000 and december 2002 were analysed in order to assess the epidemiology of human enterovir ... | 2006 | 16849723 |
| external quality assessment of enterovirus detection and typing. european union concerted action on virus meningitis and encephalitis. | reported are the results of a study of an enterovirus proficiency panel for use in isolation and serotyping and/or the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) carried out by 12 laboratories in nine european countries. eleven laboratories reported results of virus isolation and serotyping. in addition, four laboratories reported results of a pcr for enterovirus detection. correct virus isolation results were obtained for 105 of 110 samples (95.5%, four false-negatives, one false-positive), and correct pc ... | 1999 | 10212511 |
| intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis in an echovirus 6 and echovirus 4 nursery outbreak. | | 1997 | 9239781 |
| laboratory surveillance of viral meningitis by examination of cerebrospinal fluid in cape town, 1981-9. | nine years accumulated laboratory data derived from the culture of the cerebrospinal fluid of 11,360 aseptic meningitis cases were retrospectively reviewed to establish the epidemiology of viral meningitis in cape town. virus was isolated from 3406 of the cases (91% enteroviruses and 9% mumps). five major summer viral meningitis episodes were documented: two of echovirus 4 (706 and 445 cases), echovirus 9 (223), coxsackie a9 (104) and one of unidentified enterovirus (324 cases--probably echo 9). ... | 1993 | 8405162 |
| an outbreak of meningitis due to echovirus type 4 in grimsby in 1963. i. clinical features and virus isolation. | | 1967 | 6072052 |
| epidemiological and virological studies of echovirus type 4 meningitis in japan, 1964. | | 1968 | 5301404 |
| aseptic meningitis due to echovirus 4 in panama city, republic of panama. | between september 23 and november 30, 1981, 1,032 children from panamá city, republic of panamá were hospitalized with aseptic meningitis. forty-four per cent of the cases were in the age group 5-9 years old; the disease was mild and self-limiting with an average hospital stay of five days. echovirus 4 isolates were obtained from 48 of 160 patients. to identify risk factors associated with the epidemic, the authors randomly selected 10 per cent of hospitalized cases and conducted a family-based ... | 1987 | 3826037 |