| genetic characterization of new west african simian immunodeficiency virus sivsm: geographic clustering of household-derived siv strains with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop. | it has been proposed that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) originated from simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) that are natural infections of sooty mangabeys (cercocebus torquatus atys). to test this hypothesis, sivs from eight sooty mangabeys, including six new viruses from west africa, were genetically characterized. gag and env sequences showed that while the viruses of all eight sooty mangabeys belonged to the sivsm/hiv-2 family, each was widely divergent from sivs found earlie ... | 1996 | 8648696 |
| natural infection of a household pet red-capped mangabey (cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a new simian immunodeficiency virus. | a seroprevalence survey was conducted for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) antibody in household pet monkeys in gabon. twenty-nine monkeys representing seven species were analyzed. by using human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)/sivsm, sivmnd, and sivagm antigens, one red-capped mangabey (rcm) (cercocebus torquatus torquatus) was identified as harboring siv-cross-reactive antibodies. a virus isolate, termed sivrcm, was subsequently established from this seropositive rcm by cocultivation ... | 1998 | 9420264 |
| natural infection of a homozygous delta24 ccr5 red-capped mangabey with an r2b-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus. | a homozygous 24-bp deletion (delta24) was found in the cc chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) of 11 out of 15 red-capped mangabeys (rcms), cercocebus torquatus torquatus, both in africa and in an american zoo. the ccr5 delta24 defect encompassed eight amino acids in frame in the fourth transmembrane region. unexpectedly, rcm-009, one of 11 homozygotes (delta24ccr5/ delta24ccr5), was found to be naturally infected with a divergent simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) strain, which was not r5-tropic, but u ... | 1998 | 9841919 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus sivrcm, a unique ccr2-tropic virus, selectively depletes memory cd4+ t cells in pigtailed macaques through expanded coreceptor usage in vivo. | simian immunodeficiency virus sivrcm, which naturally infects red-capped mangabeys (rcms), is the only siv that uses ccr2 as its main coreceptor due to the high frequency of a ccr5 deletion in rcms. we investigated the dynamics of sivrcm infection to identify specific pathogenic mechanisms associated with this major difference in siv biology. four pigtailed macaques (ptms) were infected with sivrcm, and infection was monitored for over 2 years. the dynamics of in vivo sivrcm replication in ptms ... | 2009 | 19493994 |
| phyloepidemiological analysis reveals that viral divergence led to the paucity of simian immunodeficiency virus sivmus/gsn/mon infections in wild populations. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is the result of cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus from chimpanzees (sivcpz). sivcpz is a chimeric virus which shares common ancestors with viruses infecting red-capped mangabeys and a subset of guenon species. the epidemiology of siv infection in hominoids is characterized by low prevalences and an uneven geographic distribution. surveys in cameroon indicated that two closely related members of the guenon species subset, must ... | 2017 | 28077632 |
| vpx overcomes a samhd1-independent block to hiv reverse transcription that is specific to resting cd4 t cells. | early after entry into monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and resting cd4 t cells, hiv encounters a block, limiting reverse transcription (rt) of the incoming viral rna genome. in this context, dntp triphosphohydrolase sam domain and hd domain-containing protein 1 (samhd1) has been identified as a restriction factor, lowering the concentration of dntp substrates to limit rt. the accessory lentiviral protein x (vpx) proteins from the major simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaque, so ... | 2017 | 28228523 |
| characterization of the interactions between sivrcm vpx and red-capped mangabey samhd1. | samhd1 (sam domain- and hd domain-containing protein 1) inhibits hiv-1 infection of myeloid cells and resting cd4+ t-cells. two lineages of primate lentiviruses, the sooty mangabey siv (simian immunodeficiency virus) (sivsm)/macaque siv (sivmac)/hiv-2 lineage and the red-capped mangabey siv (sivrcm) lineage, carry a samhd1 antagonist called vpx. vpx recognizes samhd1 and recruits a ubiquitin e3 ligase complex that is composed of cul4 (cullin4), ddb1 (damaged dna-binding protein 1) and a member o ... | 2015 | 25791246 |
| global mammal parasite database version 2.0. | illuminating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of parasites is one of the most pressing issues facing modern science, and is critical for basic science, the global economy, and human health. extremely important to this effort are data on the disease-causing organisms of wild animal hosts (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, and fungi). here we present an updated version of the global mammal parasite database, a database of the parasites of wild ungulates (artioda ... | 2017 | 28273333 |
| characterization of novel simian immunodeficiency viruses from red-capped mangabeys from nigeria (sivrcmng409 and -ng411). | two novel simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) strains from wild-caught red-capped mangabeys (cercocebus torquatus torquatus) from nigeria were characterized. sequence analysis of the fully sequenced siv strain rcmng411 (sivrcmng411) and gag and pol sequence of sivrcmng409 revealed that they were genetically most closely related to the recently characterized sivrcm from gabon (sivrcmgb1). thus, red-capped mangabeys from distant geographic locations harbor a common lineage of siv. sivrcmng411 carr ... | 2001 | 11711592 |
| wild mandrillus sphinx are carriers of two types of lentivirus. | mandrillus sphinx, a large primate living in cameroon and gabon and belonging to the papionini tribe, was reported to be infected by a simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) (sivmndgb1) as early as 1988. here, we have identified a second, highly divergent sivmnd (designated sivmnd-2). genomic organization differs between the two viral types; sivmnd-2 has the additional vpx gene, like other sivs naturally infecting the papionini tribe (sivsm and sivrcm) and in contrast to the other sivmnd type (here ... | 2001 | 11435589 |
| a novel simian immunodeficiency virus (sivdrl) pol sequence from the drill monkey, mandrillus leucophaeus. | the drill monkey has been shown by serology and pcr to harbor a unique simian immunodeficiency virus (sivdrl). a pol sequence, amplified from uncultured peripheral blood cells, is most closely related to the equivalent siv sequences from the red-capped mangabey (sivrcm), the sabaeus african green monkey (sivagmsab), and the chimpanzee (sivcpz) and to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) sequence of humans. it is as yet unclear whether sivdrl has a mosaic genome like sivrcm and sivagms ... | 1998 | 9811781 |
| parallel evolution of ccr5-null phenotypes in humans and in a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus. | the c-c chemokine receptor ccr5 in humans and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) serves as the primary coreceptor for cellular entry by macrophagetropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and all reported strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) [1-6]. humans homozygous for a 32 bp deletion allele of ccr5, resulting in a null phenotype, are highly resistant to infection by hiv-1 [7-9], prompting development of therapies and vaccines targeting ccr5. we now report a novel d ... | 1998 | 9707408 |
| isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from african white-crowned mangabey monkeys (cercocebus torquatus lunulatus). | forty-eight of 236 sera from seven species of african non-human primates in kenya, including those of white-crowned mangabey monkeys (cercocebus torquatus lunulatus) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs). isolates of simian lentivirus were obtained from seropositive white-crowned mangabey monkeys which are indigenous in west africa. this virus, designated as sivwcm, appeared morphologically similar to hiv by electron microscopy, showed mg(2+)-dependent reverse transcriptase ac ... | 1993 | 8470959 |
| down-modulation of primate lentiviral receptors by nef proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) of chimpanzees (sivcpz) and related sivs: implication for the evolutionary event at the emergence of sivcpz. | it has been estimated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originated from the zoonotic transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) of chimpanzees, sivcpz, and that sivcpz emerged by the recombination of two lineages of sivs in old world monkeys (sivgsn/mon/mus in guenons and sivrcm in red-capped mangabeys) and sivcpz nef is most closely related to sivrcm nef. these observations suggest that sivrcm nef had an advantage over sivgsn/mon/mus during the evolution of sivcpz in chimpanzees ... | 2015 | 26041873 |
| full-length genome sequence of a simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infecting a captive agile mangabey (cercocebus agilis) is closely related to sivrcm infecting wild red-capped mangabeys (cercocebus torquatus) in cameroon. | simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) are lentiviruses that infect an extensive number of wild african primate species. here we describe for the first time siv infection in a captive agile mangabey (cercocebus agilis) from cameroon. phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequence of sivagi-00cm312 showed that this novel virus fell into the sivrcm lineage and was most closely related to a newly characterized sivrcm strain (sivrcm-02cm8081) from a wild-caught red-capped mangabey (cercoce ... | 2010 | 20797968 |
| ménétrier's disease-like hypertrophic gastritis in two red-capped mangabeys (cercocebus torquatus). | chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis in two red-capped mangabeys (cercocebus torquatus) at a zoological facility progressed to severe hypertrophic gastropathy similar to ménétrier's disease that affects humans. clinical signs included emesis, diarrhea, hunched posture consistent with abdominal pain, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. large gastric masses were present and in one case created a gastric outflow obstruction. both cases were positive for simian immunodeficiency virus and helicobacter spp. w ... | 2014 | 24625015 |