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herpesviruses in chronic encephalitis associated with intractable childhood epilepsy.herpesviruses (especially cytomegalovirus [cmv] and epstein-barr virus [ebv]) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic (rasmussen) encephalitis associated with epilepsy. to assess the presence of herpesvirus genes in brain tissue from epileptic children with chronic (usually rasmussen type) encephalitis, dna was extracted from surgically resected brain tissue and studied by the polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for cmv, varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, ebv, ...19938397159
varicella in a susceptible pregnant woman. 19938397905
an evaluation of oral ulcers in patients with aids and aids-related complex.patients with hiv infection can have recurrent and persistent oral ulcers, not attributable to known infectious agents.19938408791
[detection of antibody to varicella zoster virus by immune adherence hemagglutination].anti varicella-zoster virus (vzv) antibodies were detected by an immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) test, and were compared with the cf test, ifa test and elisa test, respectively. type o, rh-positive rbc for iaha was obtained from five healthy volunteers. all five rbcs had sufficient sensitivity as the indicator cell. optimum incubation temperature was 37 degrees c in the serum and in the complement. the complement was obtained from guinea pig sera, and the most suitable concentration was ...19938409581
[from herpes to zona]. 19938410632
esophageal disease in aids is associated with pathologic processes rather than mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1.twenty-five patients with aids and esophageal symptoms were evaluated for the presence of esophageal disease and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in the esophageal mucosa. a single infectious process caused by candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex or a single noninfectious process caused by kaposi's sarcoma or reflux esophagitis was identified in 20 patients. two processes were identified in 5 pat ...19938440925
novel acyclonucleotides: synthesis and antiviral activity of alkenylphosphonic acid derivatives of purines and a pyrimidine.a series of phosphonoalkenyl and (phosphonoalkenyl)oxy derivatives of purines and a pyrimidine were synthesized. these compounds are the first reported acyclonucleotides which incorporate the alpha,beta-unsaturated phosphonic acid moiety as the phosphate mimic and include compounds in which the acyclic substituent is attached to n-9 of a purine or n-1 of a pyrimidine by either a nitrogen-carbon or a nitrogen-oxygen bond. the phosphonoalkenyl-substituted compounds 7a-c, 8a-c, 9, 10, and 12 were p ...19938496903
phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the varicella-zoster virus gene 63 protein.the protein encoded by varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 63 and carboxy-terminal deletions of the same were expressed either as fusion proteins at the carboxy terminus of the maltose-binding protein in escherichia coli or independently in transfected mammalian cells. the truncations contained amino acids 1 to 142 (63 delta n) or 1 to 210 (63 delta k) of the complete 278-amino-acid primary sequence. recombinant casein kinase ii phosphorylated the 63f and 63 delta kf fusion proteins in vit ...19968523589
[granulomatous vasculitis of the cns as a complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus].a 61-year old man with a history of arterial hypertension suffered a left hzo, and was treated with acyclovir. three weeks later he suddenly developed moderate left hemiparesis particularly of the leg, severe paresis of the right leg, aphasia and somnolence. treated with iv acyclovir and high-dose corticosteroids deterioration of the right hemiparesis was apparent. serological and csf-studies showed acute varicella-zoster virus infection with intrathecal antibody synthesis (antibody specificity ...19958529986
varicella-zoster virus latency in the adult rat is a useful model for human latent infection.a model of latent infection by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was obtained in the adult rat. inoculation of vzv-infected cells in the skin led to infection of the peripheral nervous system. latency was characterized by a long-lasting presence of the viral genome, of selected viral gene transcripts, and of at least one viral protein in the dorsal root ganglia. reactivation has not been obtained in vivo, but has occurred ex vivo after repeated stresses. many similarities with vzv latency in humans w ...19958545010
varicella-zoster virus gene regulation.the varicella-zoster virus genome contains 71 open reading frames (orfs), five of which (orf62, orf4, orf63, orf61, and orf10) encode regulatory proteins. orf62 codes for the major immediate early protein of the virus exhibiting dna-binding and regulatory functions. this protein, localized in the cell nucleus, is a functional homologue to icp4 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). it trans-activates several varicella-zoster virus promoters of the various gene classes and autoregulates its own ...19958545012
transcriptional mapping of varicella-zoster virus regulatory proteins.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) expresses four proteins that influence viral transcriptional events and that also are homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early proteins. however, their transcription and the mechanisms by which it is regulated are not yet resolved. to identify the promoter regions, a precise knowledge of the initiation and termination of the encoded rnas is first required. in this report, we summarize the complete and precise mapping of the rna transcripts of ...19958545015
immunization to reduce the frequency and severity of herpes zoster and its complications.herpes zoster (hz) is a localized disease that results from reactivation of an endogenous varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection that has persisted in latent form within sensory ganglia following an earlier attack of varicella. the incidence and the severity of hz and its complications increase with advancing age, and this is temporally associated with an age-related decline in cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to vzv. information on the cellular site and mechanism of vzv latency and on the events th ...19958545018
dna sequence of the simian varicella virus (svv) gh gene and analysis of the svv and varicella zoster virus gh transcripts.the varicella zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein h (gh) stimulates vzv-specific immune responses and may be involved in virus penetration. this study reports the genomic map position and the dna sequence of a simian varicella virus (svv) homologue of the vzv gh gene. a 32p-labeled vzv gh-specific dna probe hybridized to the hindiii b subclone of the svv bamhi b restriction endonuclease (re) fragment. the dna sequence of the svv hindiii b subclone was determined and analysis indicated a svv open rea ...19958546010
computer modeling of prototypic and aberrant nucleocapsids of varicella-zoster virus. 19958553532
[cns vasculitis after ophthalmic herpes zoster infection].we present a case of cerebral vasculitis secondary to infection with varicella zoster virus which appeared in a 27 year old patient after a latency period of eight weeks. we emphasize the usefulness of angioresonance as a fitting means of evolutive follow up without the need to carry out control cerebral angiography. we likewise point out the usefulness of acyclovir as the sole treatment necessary in non-complicated cases.19958556594
the protective effect of immunologic boosting against zoster: an analysis in leukemic children who were vaccinated against chickenpox.whether reexposure of varicella-immune persons to varicella-zoster virus would protect against or predispose to development of zoster was analyzed. the rate of zoster in 511 leukemic recipients of varicella vaccine who had 1 or > 1 dose of varicella vaccine and in those who did or did not have a household exposure to varicella was determined. a kaplan-meier life-table analysis revealed that the incidence of zoster was lower in those given > 1 dose of vaccine (p < .05). a cox proportional hazards ...19968568309
myasthenia gravis, acute transverse myelitis, and htlv-i.we present the unusual case of a 49-year-old female carrier of htlv-i with myasthenia gravis who presented with acute transverse myelitis. laboratory data suggested a recent infection with varicella zoster virus and demyelination by an autoimmune process in the central nervous system. adult t-cell leukemia-like cells were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. t-cell-mediated immune responses modulated by htlv-i infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and acute transvers ...19958583226
boosting immune response with a candidate varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein subunit vaccine.a varicella-zoster virus (vzv) seropositive individual was immunized with 100 micrograms of purified vzv tgpi-511 glycoprotein subunit antigen formulated with monophosphoryl lipid a. serum samples were obtained during a 40-day period post-immunization (pi) and analysed by immunoprecipitation and virus neutralization tests. the results from immunoprecipitation studies revealed an increase in vzv anti-gpi antibody titer as early as 6 days pi which continued to rise during 40 days pi. in addition, ...19958585290
inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. part 1. viral and fungal infections.with the advent of modern molecular biology and advances in immunology, the pathogenesis of oral mucosal disease processes has become significantly more clear, allowing reliable diagnostic criteria and more precisely targeted management strategies. this paper reviews current findings relative to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of viral and fungal infections of the oral mucous membranes.19948598526
immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy indian children aged 9-24 months.to investigate the safety of live attenuated varicella vaccine (oka strain) and the optimal virus titre/dose required for immunogenicity in healthy south african children.19958600589
establishment of varivax pregnancy registry. from the centers for disease control and prevention. 19968601915
establishment of varivax pregnancy registry. 19968606684
development of live attenuated varicella vaccine. 19958608424
famciclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster. 19968627199
vaccinia virus a17l open reading frame encodes an essential component of nascent viral membranes that is required to initiate morphogenesis.we generated an antiserum to the predicted c-terminal peptide of the a17l open reading frame (orf), which encodes a 23-kda polypeptide with hydrophobic regions characteristic of membrane proteins. immuno-electron microscopy of infected cells indicated that the a17l protein is intimately associated with the earliest characteristic viral membranes, even those formed in the presence of the drug rifampin. to study the role of the a17l protein in morphogenesis, we constructed recombinant vaccinia vir ...19968627754
[visceral and neurological complications in varicella infections of adults].primary varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections in adults generally follow a more severe course than in children and are more often associated with life-threatening complications. in the years 1992 to 1995 we observed 7 immunocompetent adults with a severe course of primary vzv infection. all 7 patients presented initially with a characteristic rash. in 6 patients the diagnosis of vzv was confirmed by elisa on material taken from the lesions, and in all of them it was confirmed by serology. the ...19968643943
herpes zoster as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in kenya.we conducted a prospective observational study to determine the clinical features, the degree of immunosuppression, and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection associated with herpes zoster in kenya. the study included 196 hiv-1 positive individuals and 34 hiv-1 negative individuals between the ages of 16 and 50 years who presented to a referral clinic in nairobi. comparison of the clinical characteristics in the two groups found that the duration of illness in th ...19958645797
management of the presumed susceptible varicella (chickenpox)-exposed gravida: a cost-effectiveness/cost-benefit analysis.to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of different strategies for managing the presumed susceptible varicella (chickenpox)-exposed gravida.19968649701
recommended childhood immunization schedule--united states, january-june 1996.in january 1995, the recommended childhood immunization schedule, developed by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) the american academy of pediatrics (aap), and the american academy of family physicians (aafp), was published. this unified schedule represented the first such schedule developed through a collaborative process among the recommending groups, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and the food and drug administration. this process is intended to maintain a com ...19968665759
prevention of varicella: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). centers for disease control and prevention.these recommendations represent the first statement by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) on the use of live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine--varivax--manufactured by merck and company, inc. and licensed in march 1995 for use in healthy persons > or = 12 months of age. in addition to presenting information regarding vaccine, this statement updates previous recommendations concerning the use of varicella zoster immune globulin (vzig) as prophylaxis against varicella (mmwr ...19968668119
distribution of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in disseminated fatal infections.to study the cutaneous and visceral distribution of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) in fatal infections.19968675738
cytomegalovirus dna identified in skin biopsy specimens of patients with vitiligo.viral infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases.19968682958
varicella exposure in a neonatal intensive care unit: emergency management and control measures.we describe an exposure of varicella zoster virus in our neonatal intensive-care unit and the emergency procedures instituted to prevent an outbreak. fifty-seven infants and 129 staff members were exposed but none developed chickenpox. the measures included rapid identification of varicella antibody status in all neonates and those staff members with uncertain history of varicella infection; cohorting of exposed infants according to immune status; and prompt administration of varicella zoster im ...19968690886
treatment of adult varicella with sorivudine: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.the antiviral and clinical efficacy of sorivudine in adults with varicella was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. a total of 186 patients were hospitalized for isolation and treatment within 96 h of rash onset. the diagnosis of varicella was confirmed in 184 patients with paired sera. patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 or 40 mg of sorivudine or an identical placebo once a day for 5 days. treatment with 40 mg of sorivudine (compared with placebo) shortene ...19968699051
isolation of varicella-zoster virus from vesicles in children with varicella.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was isolated from 29 samples of the vesicular fluid in 13 otherwise healthy children with varicella who were aged from 7 months to 7 years. human embryonic lung cells were used for viral isolation, and vzv was identified by a characteristic cytopathic effect and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. vzv was found in 17 samples; in two (12%) of which it was also detected after filtration (0.45 microns). the rate of isolation was 100% in the first two days after the on ...19968699164
therapeutic potential of cidofovir (hpmpc, vistide) for the treatment of dna virus (i.e. herpes-, papova-, pox- and adenovirus) infections.(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc, cidofovir, vistide) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate with broad-spectrum activity against a wide variety of dna viruses including herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv-6) and equine and bovine herpesviruses], papovaviruses [human polyoma virus and human papilloma virus (hpv)], adeno-, irido-, ...19968701600
titration of varicella-zoster virus dna in throat swabs from varicella patients by combined use of pcr and microplate hybridization.we devised a simple procedure for titration of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna in throat swabs from varicella patients. dna which was extracted from throat swabs, together with known copy numbers of a cloned vzv dna fragment, were 10-fold serially diluted and used as template in pcr. the pcr products, after heat denaturation, again serially diluted in 1.5 m nacl and adsorbed to microplate wells. then, biotin-labeled dna probes were hybridized with the immobilized dna. the hybridization signal w ...19958718557
outer retinal necrosis due to a strain of varicella-zoster virus resistant to acyclovir, ganciclovir, and sorivudine. 19968722954
complications of varicella zoster virus reactivation in hiv-infected homosexual men.to study the complication rate of varicella zoster virus (vzv) reactivation and the relationship between complications, presentation and localization of zoster and immune function in hiv disease.19968728043
cutaneous reactions following herpes zoster infections: report of three cases and a review of the literature.three patients, one healthy and two immunocompromised, developed cutaneous reactions that histologically mimicked granuloma annulare at sites of resolved varicella-zoster virus (vzv) reactivation infections. variable latency periods between the infection and the granulomatous reaction were noted. as in other case reports, the presence of vzv dna in these lesions was inconsistently demonstrated by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and appears more common in early, as opposed to late, post-zoste ...19968731677
pharmacokinetics of netivudine, a potent anti-varicella zoster virus drug, in patients with renal impairment.the pharmacokinetics of a single oral 200 mg dose of netivudine (1-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(1-propynyl)uracil), a nucleoside analogue under development for use in varicella zoster virus infections, were studied in 12 renal failure (rf) subjects (creatinine clearance 15 +/- 7 ml/min) and 12 age-matched healthy subjects with normal creatinine clearance. blood and urine samples were collected up to nine days after drug administration. concentrations of netivudine and of its main metabolite, the ...19968737146
simian varicella virus antibody response in experimental infection of african green monkeys.the humoral immune response to simian varicella virus (svv) was investigated following primary and secondary experimental infection of african green monkeys. neutralization and immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine antibody titers to svv throughout the course of infection. the immune response to specific viral polypeptides was analyzed by immunoprecipitation analysis. the results demonstrate that the simian varicella model offers a useful approach to investigate immune mechanisms in ...19958750501
[a case of diaphragmatic paralysis following herpes zoster].we report a case of diaphragmatic paralysis after herpes zoster. a 82-year-old woman developed shortness of breath on effort after about two months of a typical herpes zoster eruptions affecting the c4 and c5 dermatomic areas on the right side. a chest x-ray showed an elevated right diaphragm. the diaphragmatic evoked potential by stimulation of the right phrenic nerve at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was not elicited. chest ct and cervical mri were normal. the viral ant ...19968752692
[pneumonia caused by varicella-zoster virus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].a 56-year-old woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of fever and dyspnea. a month before admission, she had been given a diagnosis of herpes zoster and was treated with an antiviral agent. however, a perineal eruption persisted. a chest x-ray film and a chest ct scan showed many diffuse nodular shadows in both lung fields. with conservative treatment, the shadows regressed along with the skin eruption and other symptoms. pneumonia caused by varice ...19968753124
varicella-zoster virus dna in csf and arteries in delayed contralateral hemiplegia: evidence for viral invasion of cerebral arteries.a 78-year-old woman presented with a right basal ganglia infarct 6 weeks after a left herpes zoster ophthalmicus. mr angiography showed focal segmental stenosis of the proximal segments of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. varicella dna was detected in the csf by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). treated with dexamethasone and acyclovir without improvement, she died 1 month later. there was focal endarteritis in the left anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries at au ...19968757040
intracellular distribution of the orf4 gene product of varicella-zoster virus is influenced by the ie62 protein.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 4-encoded protein (ie4) possesses transactivating properties for vzv genes as well as for genes of heterologous viruses. the major regulatory immediate-early protein of vzv (ie62) is a transactivator of vzv gene expression. in transfection assays, ie4 has been shown to enhance activation induced by ie62. to investigate the functional interactions underlying this observation, indirect immunofluorescence studies were undertaken to determine whether i ...19968757993
hair follicle involvement in herpes zoster: pathway of viral spread from ganglia to skin.herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) persisting in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia. to clarify the pathway of viral spread from the ganglia to skin, 16 biopsy specimens of early skin lesions of herpes zoster obtained from the face and trunk of 13 patients were studied histologically and immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to the structural proteins of vzv. vzv-infected cells were detected in the hair follicles in 10 of the 16 specimens and in th ...19968764937
the varicella-zoster virus orf66 protein induces kinase activity and is dispensable for viral replication.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frames (orfs) 47 and 66 encode proteins that are homologous to a family of eukaryotic serine-threonine kinases. prior studies showed that the vzv orf47 protein has kinase activity in vitro and is dispensable for replication in cultured cells. to examine the role of the orf66 protein during infection, we constructed vzv recombinants that are unable to express either the orf66 protein (roka 66s) or both the orf47 and orf66 proteins (roka 47s/66s). vzv unab ...19968794389
typing of varicella zoster virus by amplification of dna polymorphisms.the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify five variable regions of varicella zoster virus dna from 20 samples of vesicle fluid. two of the regions, r1 and r5, were found to be polymorphic, with the former having three alleles (a, b and c) and the latter, two (a and b). the r1 and r5 polymorphisms were stable up to passage five in tissue culture. the sensitivity of the pcr (down to six copies) enabled detection of virus from vesicle fluid dried on glass slides and overall the method was f ...19968801228
sorivudine: a potent inhibitor of varicella zoster virus replication.sorivudine provides a unique nucleoside analog with significantly enhanced both in vitro as in vitro activity toward vzv and enhanced oral bioavailability, as compared with existing antivirals. early indications from controlled studies, while not peer reviewed, indicate that sorivudine therapy is superior to acyclovir for the treatment of localized zoster in individuals with hiv infection and chicken pox in adults. these studies await peer evaluation. one might question, as these data unfold, th ...19968815706
the patterns of varicella zoster virus encephalitis.varicella zoster virus (vzv) encephalitis has become increasingly prevalent in the era of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and a widening spectrum of pathological lesions has defined the disease in these and other severely immunosuppressed patients. vzv produces three distinct morphological patterns of brain damage. vzv can cause bland or hemorrhagic infarctions secondary to a large or medium vessel vasculopathy. deep white matter, ovoid mixed necrotic, and demyelinative lesions occur ...19968816888
myelitis due to varicella-zoster virus in two patients with aids: successful treatment with acyclovir.only a few cases of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) myelitis have been described, and nearly all have been diagnosed post-mortem. there have been no reports in the literature of successful treatment of vzv myelitis with antiviral medications. we report on two patients with aids who had acute severe myelitis accompanied by herpes zoster. the presence of vzv dna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was documented by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. early treatment with acyclovir was followed by ...19968824980
the clinical pharmacokinetics of famciclovir.famciclovir is an oral prodrug of the antiherpesvirus nucleoside analogue, penciclovir. following oral administration famciclovir undergoes extensive first pass metabolism to penciclovir and essentially no parent compound is recovered from plasma or urine. penciclovir plasma concentrations reach a maximum less than 1 hour after famciclovir administration in fasting individuals, but are delayed if famciclovir is taken within 2 hours of a meal. the bioavailability of penciclovir, measured by urina ...19968827396
acyclic nucleotide analogs derived from 8-azapurines: synthesis and antiviral activity.reaction of phosphoroorganic synthons with 8-azaadenine, 8-aza-2, 6-diaminopurine, and 8-azaguanine using cesium carbonate yielded regioisomeric 8-azapurine n7-, n8-, and n9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkyl) derivatives. this reaction followed by deprotection afforded isomeric 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl (pme), (s)-(3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(s)-hpmp], (s)-(3-flouro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(s)-fpmp], (s)-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(s)-pmp], and (r)-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl) [(r)- ...19968831773
varicella vaccine in immunocompromised patients. 19968835053
a case of varicella-zoster myelopathy.early diagnosis of neurological complications of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is important because of its treatability. we performed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect vzv-dna from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of a patient with myelopathy.19968836311
recurrent brainstem encephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 dna in cerebrospinal fluid.a 47-year-old man had recurrent signs and symptoms of brainstem encephalitis over a 4-year period. although csf viral cultures were repeatedly negative, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna was detected in csf by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). hsv-1-specific antibodies were absent at the time of the first positive pcr test, but csf seroconversion to high hsv-1-specific antibody titer subsequently occurred. csf antibody to cytomegalovirus (cmv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was not detect ...19958848201
a varicella vaccine stable at 5 degrees c.varicella-zoster virus (vzv), which causes chicken pox and zoster, belongs to the herpes viridae family [1, 2]. the virus is strongly cell dependent and its in vitro stability is very low. following takahashi's work, we have developed and prepared a vaccine with the oka strain virus in the japanese stabilizer. to improve the stability of the virus in a freeze-dried form, we have finalized a new formulation of stabilizer, called v 15-1. this stabilizer is a protein-free solution with defined cont ...19968854014
susceptibility to varicella zoster virus infection in health care workers.varicella zoster virus (vzv) is an occupational hazard for a percentage of health care staff. nine hundred and seventy staff members attending the occupational health department at cork university hospital took part in the survey. a latex agglutination assay was used to determine the health care workers immune status to vzv. of the 970 workers tested, 928 (95.7%) were immune to vzv. the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of an enquiry regarding a history of chicken-pox was determined ...19968854707
varicella-zoster virus. the virus.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes chickenpox and herpes zoster. after acute infection the virus becomes latent in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia for the lifetime of the individual. the viral genome encodes about 70 proteins, at least three of which are thought to be expressed during latency in humans. vzv grows in cell culture, but is very cell-associated; it is relatively difficult to obtain high titers of cell-free virus.19968856347
assays for antibodies to varicella-zoster virus.anti-varicella-zoster virus serum antibody assays and their use in vaccine development are described. of particular interest are fama and neutralization assays and the gpelisa. these and other assays are compared and summarized in terms of characteristics including biologic relevance, sensitivity, specificity, and suitability for different laboratory and clinical applications.19968856350
characterization of platelet-reactive antibodies in children with varicella-associated acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp).biochemical analyses were performed on blood samples obtained from two children (p1, p2) who presented with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) following a recent varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection. patient sera had antibodies that were reactive with normal blood-group o platelets as measured by flow-cytometric assay. western blot analysis of electrophoretically separated normal blood-group o platelets under reducing and non-reducing conditions demonstrated that these sera were react ...19968857953
influence of the parental virus strain on the virulence and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing hbv pres2-s protein or vzv glycoprotein i.five triple-plaque purified vaccinia virus (vv) lines generated from smallpox sevac varie vaccine (strain praha) and three vv virus lines similarly derived from wyeth dryvax vaccine were used for preparation of recombinants expressing the hepatitis b virus pres2-s gene. the same five praha-derived virus lines were used to construct recombinants expressing the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein i (gpi) gene. recombinants and their parental viruses were tested for the residual neurovirulenc ...19968879101
varicella: historical perspective and clinical overview.in immunocompetent children in europe and the united states, varicella is usually a benign disease. however, infants born to women who acquire varicella during or shortly after pregnancy are at high risk of infection. for unknown reasons, the disease is more severe in adolescents and adults, with pneumonia the most common cause of death. varicella may also be lethal in patients of any age in the presence of biologic or iatrogenic immunosuppression. it is now well documented that varicella-zoster ...19968896536
prevention and control of varicella-zoster infections in healthcare facilities.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is the causative agent of two diseases: varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). although varicella generally is a mild disease in children, serious morbidity and mortality are common if infection occurs in neonates, pregnant women, adults, or immunocompromised patients. for this reason, the centers for disease control and prevention recommends that all the hospitals institute control measures. healthcare workers should be screened for vzv immunity and, if susce ...19968899447
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 36-1996. a 37-year-old man with aids, neurologic deterioration, and multiple hemorrhagic cerebral lesions. 19968900094
evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum immunoglobulin g response to human herpesvirus 6.a rapid (60-min) commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) class antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) was evaluated. the specificity of the elisa for hhv-6 was confirmed by absorption studies, with the reactivities of hhv-6-positive sera being unaffected by other herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus) or the hsb2 cell line used to culture hhv-6. hhv-6 igg antibody levels in a panel ...19968904436
live attenuated varicella vaccine.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that causes varicella, commonly called chicken pox; establishes latency; and reactivates as herpes zoster, referred to as shingles. a live attenuated varicella vaccine, derived from the oka strain of vzv has clinical efficacy for the prevention of varicella. the vaccine induces persistent immunity to vzv in healthy children and adults. immunization against vzv also has the potential to lower the risk of reactivation of latent virus. the ...19968905076
aids-related varicella zoster meningoencephalitis and radicular pain without cutaneous eruption. 19968931804
prevalence of herpesviridae and hepatitis b virus dna in the liver of patients with non-a, non-b fulminant hepatic failure.members of the herpes virus family and hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been implicated as etiologic agents in non-a, non-b (nanb) fulminant hepatic failure (fhf), but the frequency of infection with these agents has not been established using appropriate controls. to examine this issue, we studied 50 nanb fhf patients and 104 liver transplant recipients from north america and europe. hepatic dna was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for evidence of epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegaloviru ...19968938162
a tyrosine-based motif and a casein kinase ii phosphorylation site regulate the intracellular trafficking of the varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein i, a protein localized in the trans-golgi network.we have studied the intracellular trafficking of the envelope glycoprotein i (gpi) of the varicella-zoster virus, a human herpes virus whose assembly is believed to occur in the trans-golgi network (tgn) and/or in endocytic compartments. when expressed in hela cells in the absence of additional virally encoded factors, this type-i membrane protein localizes to the tgn and cycles between this compartment and the cell surface. the expression of gpi promotes the recruitment of the ap-1 golgi-specif ...19968947032
[retinal manifestations of aids].cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis is the most common retinal opportunistic infection in aids patients and is the main cause of blindness. it is generally associated with a cd4+ lymphocyte count below 50/microl. cmv retinitis is often asymptomatic (54% of the cases), frequent ophtalmoscopic screening is very important. two virostatic drugs (cymevan and foscavir) have been approved for the treatment of cmv retinitis. both are effective in preventing the progression of the lesion within 3 weeks of in ...19968949282
varicella zoster in a transplant program: experience with 15 cases and 70 contacts. 19968962279
[varicella pneumonia in healthy adults. apropos of 6 cases].varicella is a self-limited, benign disease in childhood. when it affects adults, however, serious complications can develop, the most frequent and most dangerous being pneumonia. adults who develop varicella should be followed closely, with careful attention given to respiratory symptoms in particular, from the first week the rash is evident until it begins to fade. should pneumonia appear, early start of intravenous acyclovir therapy is indicated in immunodepressed or pregnant patients, or in ...19968963517
recommended childhood immunization schedule--united states, july-december 1996. advisory committee on immunization practices, the american academy of pediatrics, the american academy of family physicians, and the food and drug administration (fda). 19968965793
cloning and sequence analysis of a marek's disease virus origin binding protein (obp) reveals strict conservation of structural motifs among obps of divergent alphaherpesviruses.marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly cell-associated avian herpesvirus. in its natural host, mdv induces marek's disease (md), a lethal condition characterized by malignant lymphoma of t cells. although symptoms of md may be prevented by vaccination, no practical pharmacological method of control has been widely accepted. viral replication represents a point at which pharmacological control of herpesvirus infection may be most successful. however, this requires detailed knowledge of viral rep ...19968972568
varicella-zoster virus fc receptor ge glycoprotein: serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of monomeric and dimeric forms.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein ge is the predominant viral cell surface molecule; it behaves as an fc receptor for immunoglobulin g, but its central function may be more closely related to viral egress and cell-to-cell spread. to further analyze the receptor properties of vzv ge, the ge gene (also called open reading frame 68) was expressed by a baculovirus vector in insect cells. the recombinant baculovirus ge product had a molecular mass of 64 kda, smaller than the previously docume ...19978985329
herpesvirus infections of the anterior segment. 19968989597
chaperone functions common to nonhomologous epstein-barr virus gl and varicella-zoster virus gl proteins.herpesviruses encode the complex-forming, essential glycoproteins gh and gl. maturation and transport of gh are dependent on coexpression of its chaperone, gl. the gl proteins of alpha herpesviruses and gamma herpesviruses do not have a significant percentage of amino acid sequence homology. yet, as we report herein, the diverse gl glycoproteins of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were functionally interchangeable, although membrane expression and maturation of gh were s ...19978995697
comparison of specific immunities to varicella-zoster virus following post-exposure prophylaxis of varicella by oral acyclovir observed in a family.an otherwise healthy 3-year-old girl developed severe varicella complicated by aseptic meningitis and received intravenous acyclovir (acv) therapy. her two siblings who were susceptible to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and closely exposed to vzv in the family received oral acv (45 or 54 mg/kg per day in four divided doses for 7 days) starting 8 days after onset of the index case for post-exposure prophylaxis of varicella. they showed only five or seven papules over the body without fever 12 days ...19969002312
replacement of the herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw175 dna binding domain with its varicella-zoster virus counterpart results in a protein with novel regulatory properties that can support virus growth.the alphaherpesviruses encode major immediate early transactivator proteins that are essential for the expression of later classes of viral genes. we have previously shown that the extensive sequence similarity between the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) members of the family (proteins vmw175 and vzv140k) extends to function, since a virus which expresses vzv140k in place of vmw175 is able to grow, albeit at reduced efficiency. we have also shown that the dna ...19979010302
[diagnosis of infections caused by varicella zoster virus]. 19969044653
licensed preparations against hepatitis a and chickenpox: vaccine update--part 2. 19969051961
viral infections in human immunodeficiency virus disease.a number of the herpesviruses as well as representatives of other viral genera can produce serious opportunistic infections in persons infected with hiv. although some, such as jc virus, hhv-6, and hhv-8, remain essentially untreatable at this time, others are readily treatable or can be retarded with chemoprophylaxis. further therapeutic advances for some of these viral superinfections, particularly cmv, hsv, vzv, hhv-8, and human genital papillomavirus, will considerably improve the longevity ...19979093235
detection of herpes simplex dna in semen and menstrual blood of individuals attending an infertility clinic.to determine a possible link between herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv) and infertility.19979094812
cerebrospinal fluid viral antibodies in obsessive-compulsive disorder in an indian population.immunoglobulin g viral antibodies for herpes simplex virus type 1, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, measles, and mumps were studied in 76 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder and compared with a control population. there was a significantly higher titer for herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies. sera: cerebrospinal fluid ratios were suggestive of intrathecal synthesis.19979099415
histopathology of peripheral nerves in cutaneous herpesvirus infection.cutaneous herpesvirus infection is a common viral disorder manifest by epidermal and/or mucosal vesicle formation. though it is believed that the virus most likely resides in regional sensory ganglia following primary infection and that cutaneous involvement represents reactivation of a latent infection, the histopathology of cutaneous nerves in sites of disease has not been well characterized. in order to assess and characterize the pathologic changes of these nerves, we retrospectively examine ...19979129697
[the course for a successor for acyclovir]. 19969132841
[virus propagation and proteases: with special emphasis on the newly discovered serine protease in human herpes virus]. 19979136621
genome differences among varicella-zoster viruses isolated in thailand.the dnas of 17 isolates of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) obtained from 17 thai individuals with normal varicella or zoster infections (no underlying diseases) were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis using bgli, psti, ecori, smai and bamhi. the dna of the japanese strain, kawaguchi, was also conducted as a reference dna. all of virus isolates were confirmed for existence of vzv and vzv-dna by immunofluorescent test and dna-hybridization, respectively. almost all of the thai epidemiologi ...19959139375
the use of polymerase chain reaction techniques to detect varicella-zoster virus in corneal transplant tissue. 19979152136
latency and reactivation of varicella zoster virus infections.varicella zoster virus (vzv) is the causative agent of chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). the study of latency and reactivation has been hampered by the fact that the virus is strictly human and grows to low titres in tissue culture. molecular biology techniques have opened a new era of vzv research. the site of vzv latency was determined to be sensory ganglia by southern blotting and later by pcr technology. it was also demonstrated that the entire virus genome is present in the late ...19969163025
diagnosing varicella zoster virus infection. 19979167311
induction of neutralizing antibody and t-cell responses to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) using ty-virus-like particles carrying fragments of glycoprotein e (ge).during infection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv), the envelope proteins are highly immunogenic and glycoprotein e (ge) is one of the most abundant and antigenic. we have previously identified the immunodominant regions of ge and mapped the b-cell epitopes. in this study, we have evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant hybrid ty-virus-like particles (vlps) carrying amino acids (1-134) or (101-161) of ge which contain the immunodominant sequences. vzv-specific antibodies were detected by eli ...19979178473
[think of varicella pneumopathy in an immunocompromised patient]. 19979180969
primary varicella-zoster keratitis: diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction.to report the value of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of a worsening corneal ulcer.19979186132
disciform keratitis: a case of herpes zoster sine herpete.to describe a case of disciform keratitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in which varicella-zoster virus was the causative agent.19979186133
use of polymerase chain reaction assays of aqueous humor in the differential diagnosis of retinitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.we performed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of cytomegalovirus (cmv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), and toxoplasma gondii dna in aqueous humor from 15 patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and who had retinitis of unclear origin; these patients were selected from among 820 patients evaluated by ophthalmoscopic examination. on the basis of the final response to treatment, cmv, vzv, and t. gondii retinitis was diagnosed in 5, ...19979195064
search for herpesvirus dna in cerebrospinal fluid of hiv patients with brain disorders: prevalence of cytomegalovirus dna findings.a study was carried out to search for the presence of the seven human herpesvirus dnas in cerebrospinal fluid from 52 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with brain disorders. cytomegalovirus dna was the most prevalent with 12 positive samples; epstein-barr virus and varicellazoster dnas were detected in three and two samples, respectively, while no sample was positive for the dna of the other herpesviruses.19979200066
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