| evidence for prenatal transfer of rabies virus in the mexican free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). | fetuses were collected from four mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) and a fetal bat cell (fbc) line was established and tested for its ability to support the replication of the era vaccine strain of rabies virus. cytopathic effects were detected in era virus-inoculated as well as uninoculated fbc's. immunofluorescent antibody testing of uninoculated fbc's provided no evidence for the presence of rabies virus. however, mice inoculated intracranially with supernatant fluid f ... | 1989 | 2668566 |
| prevalence of rabies specific antibodies in the mexican free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) at lava cave, new mexico. | adult female and juvenile mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) were collected bimonthly at lava cave, new mexico from may through september. the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of active rabies infection as well as to determine individual immune status in these hosts. all bats were bled and examined for rabies antibody (total antibody versus igm) utilizing a modified serum neutralization test. the brains were removed and examined by the fluorescent rabies ... | 1989 | 2681843 |
| antigenic diversity and distribution of rabies virus in mexico. | rabies remains a public health problem in the americas because of the great diversity of wild reservoirs that maintain the virus in nature. here we report the antigenic characterization of 254 rabies viruses isolated from 148 nonreservoir and 106 reservoir hosts collected in 27 states of mexico. nine out of 11 antigenic variants previously reported in the united states were detected in mexico by using the limited panel of monoclonal antibodies donated by the centers for disease control and preve ... | 2002 | 11880422 |
| antigenic typing of brazilian rabies virus samples isolated from animals and humans, 1989-2000. | animal and human rabies samples isolated between 1989 and 2000 were typified by means of a monoclonal antibody panel against the viral nucleoprotein. the panel had been previously established to study the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the americas. samples were isolated in the diagnostic laboratory of the pasteur institute and in other rabies diagnostic centers in brazil. in addition to the fixed virus samples cvs-31/96-ip, preserved in mouse brain, and pv-bhk/97, preserved in cell c ... | 2002 | 12048546 |
| genetic and antigenic typing of rabies virus in chile. brief report. | forty-one isolates of rabies virus from insectivorous bats and one from a domestic cat in chile, were characterized using eight anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) and by nucleotide sequence analysis. thirty-two isolates were identified as antigenic variant 4 associated with tadarida brasiliensis bats, twenty-eight were genetically associated with variant tadarida brasiliensis and four with lasiurus sp. bats. one isolate was identified as antigenic variant 3 associated with desmodu ... | 2002 | 12417953 |
| trends in national surveillance for rabies among bats in the united states (1993-2000). | to describe surveillance trends and epidemiologic features of rabies in bats in the united states, focusing on 3 bat species primarily associated with variants of the rabies virus that affect humans. | 2003 | 12619845 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of rabies virus in argentina. | the nucleoprotein genes of 54 human, domestic and wild animals rabies isolates obtained in argentina between 1995 and 2002 were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and partial gene sequence analysis. the antigenic and genetic diversities of rabies virus in samples from bat and bat-related cases were studied, leading to the identification of five distinct genetic variants. rabies viruses isolated from vampire bat related cases were very similar to each other, showing 98.9% overall similarit ... | 2004 | 15763144 |
| first case of human rabies in chile caused by an insectivorous bat virus variant. | the first human rabies case in chile since 1972 occurred in march 1996 in a patient without history of known exposure. antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies isolate indicated that its reservoir was the insectivorous bat tadarida brasiliensis. this is the first human rabies case caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant reported in latin america. | 2002 | 11749754 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| [antigen profile of rabies virus isolated from different species of non-hematophagous bats in the region of presidente prudente, state of são paulo]. | using the monoclonal antibody technique, the clinical and molecular virology laboratory of the institute of biomedical sciences of the university of são paulo typed 18 rabies virus samples from non-hematophagous bats of several species from the region of presidente prudente, sp, brazil. among these samples, 15 (82.3%) were defined as variant 3 (compatible with samples isolated from desmodus rotundus bats) and three (16.7%) as variant 4 (compatible with samples isolated from tadarida brasiliensis ... | 2009 | 19287929 |
| ecology of rabies virus exposure in colonies of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) at natural and man-made roosts in texas. | previous studies have investigated rabies virus (rabv) epizootiology in brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) in natural cave roosts. however, little is known about geographic variation in rabv exposure, or if the use of man-made roosts by this species affects enzootic rabv infection dynamics within colonies. we sampled rabies viral neutralizing antibodies in bats at three bridge and three cave roosts at multiple time points during the reproductive season to investigate temporal and ... | 2010 | 19492942 |
| imported human rabies--california, 2008. | compared with rabies in developing countries, human rabies is rare in the united states, but animal rabies is common. in the united states, most human rabies cases are associated with rabid bats, whereas in developing countries, dogs are the most common reservoir and vector species. in march 2008, a case of imported human rabies in a recently arrived, undocumented mexican immigrant was laboratory confirmed by public health officials in california. the rabies virus isolated from the patient was a ... | 2009 | 19590490 |
| new rabies virus variant found during an epizootic in white-nosed coatis from the yucatan peninsula. | in february 2008, three white-nosed coatis (nasua narica) were found dead in a recreational park in cancun, mexico. the diagnosis of rabies virus (rabv) infection was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence test. the phylogenetic analysis performed with the complete rabv nucleoprotein gene positioned this isolate close to a sequence of a human rabies case reported during 2008 from oaxaca, mexico, sharing 93% similarity. in turn, these two variants are related to another variant found in rabid tad ... | 2010 | 20392303 |
| [rabies virus isolation in the salivary glands of insectivorous bats]. | this study determined the presence of the rabies virus in salivary glands, as well as its titre and antigenic characterisation and the level of exposure to the virus from contact between domestic animals and humans. twenty-six positive brain samples were selected, 80% of which were from the brazilian free-tailed bat, tadarida brasiliensis, corresponding to the period 1999-2005. antigenic characterisation was conducted on a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies targeting the rabies virus nucleoprotei ... | 2009 | 20462155 |
| response to vaccination with a commercial inactivated rabies vaccine in a captive colony of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis). | a captive colony of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) was vaccinated with a commercial monovalent inactivated rabies virus (rabv) vaccine (rabvac 1). baseline rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (vna) and the response to vaccination were measured in 50 bats. rabies vna was detected in the plasma of 64% (27/42) of bats that had been vaccinated 1 yr prior, but only 19% (8/42) had levels considered adequate. rabies vna was detected in the plasma of 63% (5/8) of bats with no record ... | 2010 | 20722268 |
| rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the state of são paulo, brazil. | bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world. | 2011 | 21468481 |
| Naturally Acquired Rabies Virus Infections in Wild-Caught Bats. | Abstract The study of a zoonotic disease requires an understanding of the disease incidence in animal reservoirs. Rabies incidence in bats submitted to diagnostic laboratories does not accurately reflect the true incidence in wild bat populations as a bias exists for testing bats that have been in contact with humans or pets. This article details the rabies incidence in two species of bats collected from natural settings without such bias. In this study, brain smears from 0.6% and 2.5% of wild-c ... | 2011 | 21923271 |
| ecological approaches in veterinary epidemiology: mapping the risk of bat-borne rabies using vegetation indices and night-time light satellite imagery. | rabies remains a disease of significant public health concern. in the americas, bats are an important source of rabies for pets, livestock, and humans. for effective rabies control and prevention, identifying potential areas for disease occurrence is critical to guide future research, inform public health policies, and design interventions. to anticipate zoonotic infectious diseases distribution at coarse scale, veterinary epidemiology needs to advance via exploring current geographic ecology to ... | 2015 | 26338730 |
| assessment of rabies exposure risk in a group of u.s. air force basic trainees - texas, january 2014. | in january 2014, members of the joint base san antonio (jbsa)-lackland, texas, preventive medicine and public health teams evaluated a u.s. air force basic training squadron for potential exposure in sleeping bays to rabies virus carried by mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis). exposure to bats while asleep or otherwise unaware is an important risk factor for rabies in the united states. over the past several decades, most indigenous human rabies infections in the united states have ... | 2014 | 25166925 |
| ecology and geography of transmission of two bat-borne rabies lineages in chile. | rabies was known to humans as a disease thousands of years ago. in america, insectivorous bats are natural reservoirs of rabies virus. the bat species tadarida brasiliensis and lasiurus cinereus, with their respective, host-specific rabies virus variants agv4 and agv6, are the principal rabies reservoirs in chile. however, little is known about the roles of bat species in the ecology and geographic distribution of the virus. this contribution aims to address a series of questions regarding the e ... | 2013 | 24349592 |
| epidemiology of rabies in bats in texas (2001-2010). | to obtain epidemiological information on rabies in bats in texas. | 2013 | 24094260 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2012. | summary-during 2012, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,162 rabid animals and 1 human rabies case to the cdc, representing a 2.1% increase from the 6,031 rabid animals and 6 human cases reported in 2011. approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,953 raccoons (31.7%), 1,680 bats (27.3%), 1,539 skunks (25.0%), 340 foxes (5.5%), 257 cats (4.2%), 115 cattle (1.9%), and 84 dogs (1.4%). compared with 2011, there wa ... | 2013 | 24004227 |
| human rabies--south carolina, 2011. | on december 3, 2011, a south carolina woman visited a local emergency department (ed) with an overnight history of shortness of breath, diaphoresis, chills, and intermittent paresthesia. the patient was transferred to a referral hospital, where she became comatose and developed multiorgan failure. the patient did not report a history of an animal bite. however, family members subsequently revealed that bats had been observed in the patient's home during the previous summer. family members also r ... | 2013 | 23945770 |
| susceptibility and pathogenesis of little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) to heterologous and homologous rabies viruses. | rabies virus (rabv) maintenance in bats is not well understood. big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus), little brown bats (myotis lucifugus), and mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) are the most common bats species in the united states. these colonial bat species also have the most frequent contact with humans and domestic animals. however, the silver-haired bat (lasionycteris noctivagans) rabv is associated with the majority of human rabies virus infections in the united states and cana ... | 2013 | 23741002 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from uruguay. | after 25 years without any reported cases of rabies in uruguay, the northern region of the country experienced an epizootic of bovine paralytic rabies in october 2007. the outbreak affected bovines and equines, and the main source of infection was the bat desmodus rotundus, the only hematophagous species in the country. from october 2007 to july 2008, 42 bovine, 3 equine and 120 chiropteran samples were submitted to the national veterinary diagnostic laboratory for rabies testing. a total of 12 ... | 2013 | 23318595 |
| high diversity of rabies viruses associated with insectivorous bats in argentina: presence of several independent enzootics. | rabies is a fatal infection of the central nervous system primarily transmitted by rabid animal bites. rabies virus (rabv) circulates through two different epidemiological cycles: terrestrial and aerial, where dogs, foxes or skunks and bats, respectively, act as the most relevant reservoirs and/or vectors. it is widely accepted that insectivorous bats are not important vectors of rabv in argentina despite the great diversity of bat species and the extensive argentinean territory. | 2012 | 22590657 |
| cat infected by a variant of bat rabies virus in a 29-year disease-free urban area of southern brazil. | after 29 years, rabies was detected in a cat in curitiba, southern brazil. | 2012 | 22535002 |
| typing of the rabies virus in chile, 2002-2008. | in chile, dog rabies has been controlled and insectivorous bats have been identified as the main rabies reservoir. this study aimed to determine the rabies virus (rabv) variants circulating in the country between 2002 and 2008. a total of 612 rabv isolates were tested using a panel with eight monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein (n-mabs) for antigenic typing, and a product of 320-bp of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced from 99 isolates. typing of the isolates revealed six dif ... | 2012 | 22458941 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |
| molecular epidemiology of enzootic rabies in california. | molecular characterization of rabies virus has been used to trace spillover transmission from reservoir species to non-reservoir animals and humans (molecular epidemiology), and to monitor emergence of specific strains of the virus into new species and geographic areas (molecular surveillance). | 1999 | 10614858 |
| [rabies virus in naturally infected bats in the state of são paulo, southeastern brazil]. | to identify the species of bats involved in maintaining the rabies cycle; to investigate the distribution of the rabies virus in the tissues and organs of bats and the time taken for mortality among inoculated mice. | 2007 | 17515992 |
| human rabies--california, 2002. | on march 31, 2002, a man aged 28 years residing in glenn county, california, died from rabies encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with the mexican free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis) (figure). this report summarizes the investigation by the glenn county health department (gchd) and the california department of health services (cdhs). persons who observe abnormal behavior in any wildlife species should contact animal control or animal rescue agencies immediately and shoul ... | 2002 | 12233911 |