| detection of neonatal calf diarrhea virus, infant reovirus-like diarrhea virus, and a coronavirus using the fluorescent virus precipitin test. | thirty-four calf and five infant fecal specimens were tested for the neonatal calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) and for the reovirus-like infantile diarrhea agent; respectively. the procedures used were the fluorescent virus precipitin test and immune electron microscopy. fourteen of the calf stools contained detectable ncdv, and four of the five infant stools contained the reovirus-like human agent. infectious ncdv was detected in four of the 34 calf fecal specimens when madin-darby bovine kidney cell ... | 1976 | 178691 |
| replication of an enteric bovine coronavirus in intestinal organ cultures. | a coronavirus isolated in tracheal organ cultures from the faeces of a calf with diarrhoaea readily multiplied on passage in intestinal organ cultures. evidence for multiplication was obtained by the production of viral haemagglutinin in organ culture fluids and the presence of immunofluorescence and viral particles in the columnar epithelial cells of the villi. thus virus multiplication was studied in vitro in the cell type in which it multiplies naturally. | 1978 | 655865 |
| bovine coronavirus spike glycoprotein: localization of an immunodominant region at the amino-terminal end of s2. | we have identified the binding site of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the s2 subunit of the bovine coronavirus spike (s) glycoprotein. the location of this site was first investigated by using prokaryotic expression of dna restriction fragments covering the entire s gene. the amino acid sequence containing the antibody binding site was shortened from 70 to 20 amino acids by digestion of plasmid dna with exonuclease iii, followed by sequencing of the smallest digestion product encoding an i ... | 1992 | 1281870 |
| the role of bovine intraepithelial leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in enteric antiviral defense. | the defense of a mucosal surface against viral infection is dependent in part on the leukocyte population resident at that site. in this study, leukocytes from the bovine intestinal epithelium were isolated and assessed for their ability to inhibit in vitro replication of an enteric pathogen, bovine coronavirus (bcv). as well, the intraepithelial leukocytes (iel) were tested for their ability to mediate different types of cytotoxicity. the iel were able to inhibit virus replication, and this act ... | 1992 | 1319169 |
| bovine coronavirus uses n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid as a receptor determinant to initiate the infection of cultured cells. | the importance of n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) as a receptor determinant for bovine coronavirus (bcv) on cultured cells was analysed. pretreatment of mdck i (madin darby canine kidney) cells with neuraminidase or acetylesterase rendered the cells resistant to infection by bcv. the receptors on a human (caco-2) and a porcine (llc-pk1) epithelial cell line were also found to be sensitive to neuraminidase treatment. the susceptibility to infection by bcv was restored after resialy ... | 1992 | 1321878 |
| monoclonal anti-idiotype induces antibodies against bovine q17 rotavirus. | this study describes, for the first time, the production and use of an "internal-image" anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mab) to elicit a rotavirus-specific antibody response. an immunoglobulin g2a mab, designated rq31 (mab1), specific for the outer capsid protein vp4 of bovine q17 rotavirus and capable of neutralizing viral infection in vitro was used to generate an anti-idiotypic mab (mab2). this mab2, designated rqa2, was selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using f(ab')2 ... | 1992 | 1326641 |
| agents associated with neonatal diarrhoea in ethiopian dairy calves. | faeces samples collected from diarrhoeic dairy calves in the first 8 weeks of life were examined for the presence of 5 enteropathogens. the majority of the 108 diarrhoea cases occurred in the first 5 weeks of life and a commercial elisa kit detected bovine enteric coronavirus (bec) in 38.9%, serogroup a rotavirus (rv) in 16.7% and k99 (f5) fimbrial adhesin-positive escherichia coli (k99 etec) in 11.1 per cent. concurrent infections of these enteropathogens were detected in 14.8% of samples (30.8 ... | 1992 | 1339036 |
| development of monoclonal antibody elisa for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus serogroup a, and escherichia coli k99 antigen in feces of calves. | a rapid elisa was developed for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus (bcv), rotavirus (rv) serogroup a, and escherichia coli k99 antigen in feces of calves. a mixture of 3 monoclonal antibodies specific for bcv, rv, or k99 was used successfully to capture the antigens; the same antibodies labeled with peroxidase were used to detect bcv, rv, or k99. the triple elisa was compared with standard reference diagnostic methods by examining feces from experimentally and naturally infected and he ... | 1992 | 1371656 |
| bovine coronavirus peplomer glycoproteins: detailed antigenic analyses of s1, s2 and he. | forty-four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the g110 isolate of bovine enteric coronavirus were used for the characterization of the peplomer proteins s and he. fourteen of these mabs reacted with he and the remaining 30 with the products of the s gene, s1 (19 mabs), s2 (six mabs) and gp200 (five mabs). s1 and he were found to carry major neutralization determinants, and s1 appeared to elicit the production of the mabs displaying the highest neutralizing activity. the topography of the epitopes w ... | 1992 | 1378480 |
| 2-mercaptoethanol influences the in vitro function of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the effects of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me) on some in vitro functions of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were examined. it was shown that 2-me enhanced, in a dose-dependent manner, the production of antibodies to bovine coronavirus. in this test the optimal concentration of 2-me was 50 microm. this molarity of 2-me was also optimal for the pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-induced proliferation of pbmc obtained from the 7 cattle tested. similarly, the spontaneous proliferation of pbmc from 4 ... | 1992 | 1379399 |
| synthesis and processing of the haemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus encoded in the e3 region of adenovirus. | the haemagglutinin-esterase gene (he) of bovine coronavirus (bcv) encodes a major viral membrane glycoprotein that elicits bcv-neutralizing antibodies. the bcv he gene was cloned into a human adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) transfer vector in place of early transcription region 3, and a helper-independent recombinant virus was constructed by rescue of the transcription unit by homologous in vivo recombination between the vector and ad5 genomic dna. the bcv he polypeptide expressed by this recombinan ... | 1992 | 1402802 |
| sequence analysis of the membrane protein gene of human coronavirus oc43 and evidence for o-glycosylation. | the gene encoding the membrane (m) protein of the oc43 strain of human coronavirus (hcv-oc43) was amplified by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of viral rna with hcv-oc43- and bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned 1.5 kb fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 690 nucleotides which was identified as the m protein gene from its homology to bcv. this orf encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with an m(r) of 26416. the gene is prec ... | 1992 | 1402806 |
| the nucleocapsid protein gene of bovine coronavirus is bicistronic. | for animal rna viruses that replicate through an rna intermediate, reported examples of bicistronic mrnas with overlapping open reading frames in which one cistron is contained entirely within another have been made only for those with negative-strand or double-stranded genomes. in this report, we demonstrate for the positive-strand bovine coronavirus that an overlapping open reading frame potentially encoding a 23-kda protein (names the i [for internal open reading frame] protein) and lying ent ... | 1992 | 1501275 |
| comparison of hemagglutinating, receptor-destroying, and acetylesterase activities of avirulent and virulent bovine coronavirus strains. | hemagglutinating and acetylesterase functions as well as the 124 kda glycoprotein were present in the highly cell-culture adapted, avirulent bovine coronavirus strain bcv-l9, in the norden vaccine strain derived from it, and in 5 wild-type, virulent strains that multiplied in hrt-18 cells but were restricted in several types of cultured bovine cells. the bcv-l9 and the wild-type strain bcv-ly-138 agglutinated chicken and mouse erythrocytes. the acetylesterase facilitated break-down of the bcv-er ... | 1992 | 1642550 |
| radioactive and enzymatic cloned cdna probes for bovine enteric coronavirus detection by molecular hybridization. | genomic rna of f15 strain bovine enteric coronavirus (becv) was cloned in e. coli. three clones (174, 160, pg78), selected in the cdna library, including a large portion of the nucleocapsid (n), matrix (m) and peplomeric (s) protein genes, were used as probes for a slot blot hybridization assay. two probe labelling techniques were compared, radiolabelling with 32p and enzymatic labelling through covalent linkage to peroxidase and chemiluminescence detection. the radioactive probe 174 detected as ... | 1992 | 1642553 |
| isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in serum, feces, and mucosal secretions from experimentally challenge-exposed colostrum-deprived calves. | five newborn isolation-reared colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated orally and intranasally when they were 20 to 30 hours old and challenge exposed when they were 21 days old with a suspension of virulent bovine coronavirus (bcv). blood, feces, nasal swabs, tears, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids were collected from each calf prior to inoculation and then weekly for 5 post-inoculation weeks. an elisa was used to quantitate the immunoglobulin isotype titers of bcv antibodies in ... | 1991 | 1649562 |
| mucosal and systemic antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in experimentally challenge-exposed calves fed low or high amounts of colostral antibodies. | ten colostrum-deprived calves were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (5 calves/group), and fed colostrum that had either low (naturally infected cows) or high (immunized cows) antibody titers to bovine coronavirus (bcv). all calves were inoculated orally and intranasally with virulent bcv when they were 24 to 48 hours old and challenge exposed 21 days later. blood, feces, nasal secretions, tears, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids were collected weekly from each calf for 5 weeks a ... | 1991 | 1649563 |
| winter dysentery in dairy herds: electron microscopic and serological evidence for an association with coronavirus infection. | faeces and, or, paired sera were collected from cows in six dairy herds with classical winter dysentery. similar samples were collected from cows in three other dairy herds experiencing non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea during the survey period. coronavirus was the only enteric pathogen identified by immune electron microscopy (iem) in all six outbreaks, occurring in 26 of 29 (90 per cent) of the affected cows and in one of 11 normal cows from the same herds. nineteen of 26 affected cows (73 per cent) ... | 1991 | 1650053 |
| epidemiologic factors and isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and mucosal secretions of dairy calves with bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections. | blood, feces, and nasal swabs specimens were collected 12 to 24 hours after birth and then 3 times/week (blood only once per week) from one group of 10 calves until they were 10 weeks old and from a second group of 10 calves until they were 10 to 20 weeks old. colostrum was collected from all calves' dams and tears from 5 randomly selected calves in the first group. all fecal and nasal specimens were assayed for bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigens by elisa. nasal epithelial cells were examined for ... | 1991 | 1652904 |
| mucosal and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in naturally infected dairy calves. | blood, feces, nasal secretions, and tears were collected weekly from 5 randomly selected 1- to 8-week-old calves in a large commercial dairy herd. clinical signs and bovine coronavirus (bcv) shedding from the respiratory and enteric tracts of calves were monitored through the 8-week period by direct immunofluorescence of nasal epithelial cells, protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy on feces, and elisa on nasal secretions and feces. all samples were analyzed for antibody isotypes to bcv struct ... | 1991 | 1652905 |
| isolation of bovine coronavirus from feces and nasal swabs of calves with diarrhea. | fecal and nasal samples were collected from 180 calves with diarrhea and 36 clinically normal co-habitants, and tested for virus using hrt-18 cell cultures derived from human rectal adenocarcinoma. a cytopathic virus was isolated from 5 fecal and 56 nasal samples obtained from diarrheic calves. all calves in which the virus was isolated from diarrheic feces were positive for virus isolation from nasal swabs. the virus was also isolated from the nasal swabs of 10 clinically normal calves that wer ... | 1991 | 1653037 |
| non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity of bovine coronavirus-infected target cells mediated by bovine intestinal intraepithelial leukocytes. | non-specific cellular mechanisms of defence against intestinal virus infections of cattle were investigated using bovine coronavirus (bcv) as a representative enteric virus. since bcv infection is limited to the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract, defence mechanisms must be capable of acting at that site to be effective. therefore, the intraepithelial leukocyte (iel) population of the intestinal mucosa was chosen for initial study. treatment of intestinal samples with dtt and edta in calci ... | 1991 | 1655957 |
| infectious mechanisms of enteropathogenic bovine coronaviruses. | the primary disease mechanism in infections of calves with enteropathogenic bovine coronaviruses (bcv) involves cytocidal interaction with differentiated enterocytes. cytopathic expression of bcv infection of cultured cells depends on the viral strain and the cell type. bcv-induced cell fusion occurred under neutral or alkaline but not acidic conditions. lysosomotropic bases did not significantly reduce virus yield, suggesting that productive bcv infection was not mediated by endocytosis but rat ... | 1991 | 1656930 |
| detection of rodent coronaviruses in tissues and cell cultures by using polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed for the detection of rodent coronaviruses in biological material by using reverse transcriptase and two primers which flanked an m gene sequence of 375 bp. pcr detected all of 11 different strains of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) as well as rat sialodacryoadenitis virus but not bovine coronavirus or human coronavirus strains oc43 and 229e. the m gene sequences of bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus oc43 are homologous to that of mhv, but ... | 1991 | 1661745 |
| genomic relationship between turkey and bovine enteric coronaviruses identified by hybridization with bcv or tcv specific cdna probes. | genomic relationships between turkey and bovine coronavirus (tcv and bcv), which are currently placed in distinct antigenic groups, were demonstrated by hybridization using specific cdna probes. bcv-specific recombinant plasmid probes p 52, p 27, and p 247, holding inserts derived from (probably nonstructural) genes, and plasmids pn 17 and pn 9 holding the n and m gene, respectively, permitted the detection of isolates of both bcv and tcv with similar sensitivities. similarly, probing supernatan ... | 1991 | 1662038 |
| transmissible enteritis of turkeys: experimental inoculation studies with tissue-culture-adapted turkey and bovine coronaviruses. | four quebec isolates of turkey enteric coronaviruses (tcvs) and three isolates of bovine enteric coronaviruses (bcvs) were serially propagated in hrt-18 and compared for their pathogenicity in turkey embryos and turkey poults. by immunoelectron microscopy, hemagglutination-inhibition, and western immunoblotting assays, tissue-culture-adapted quebec tcv isolates were found to be closely related to the reference minnesota strain of tcv and the mebus strain of bcv. genomic relationships between tcv ... | 1991 | 1664719 |
| bovine coronavirus as the causative agent of winter dysentery: serological evidence. | sera from 9 dairy herds with epizootic enteritis (winter dysentery) were examined for antibodies to bovine coronavirus (bcv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). cows in 8 of the 9 herds seroconverted to bcv alone, while the animals in the ninth herd, which showed severe symptoms of the disease, seroconverted both to bcv and bvdv. the bcv antibodies, which were present in high titres 1 year postinfection, were transferred to the offspring via the colostrum and were then detectable in sera of ... | 1991 | 1666489 |
| sequence and analysis of becv f15 matrix protein. | clones from the bovine enteric coronavirus (f15) cdna library were cloned in pbr322 and sequenced by the method of sanger and coulson. this led to the identification of a sequence of 1,300 bases which contained a single open reading frame of 690 bases yielding a protein having properties of the matrix protein (m). it was comprised of 230 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,376 da. it was hydrophobic and had a net charge of +8 at neutral ph. analysis of its secondary structure could not est ... | 1990 | 1706882 |
| topological and functional analysis of epitopes on the s(e2) and he(e3) glycoproteins of bovine enteric coronavirus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were selected which reacted with bovine enteric coronavirus s and he. mabs to s were used to identify 2 cleavage products of s, s/gp105 and s/gp90. monoclonals to s/gp105 and he neutralised the virus; only mabs to the latter inhibited haemagglutination and acetyl-esterase activity. topological distribution of epitopes was studied on these 3 glycoproteins by means of competition binding experiments. two independent epitopes were characterised on he, 4 on s/gp105, and ... | 1990 | 1715659 |
| bovine coronavirus nonstructural protein ns2 is a phosphoprotein. | to investigate the nature of the bovine coronavirus (bcv) ns2 protein, the gene encoding this protein was cloned and was expressed as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein. antiserum raised against this protein reacted specifically with bcv-infected fixed cells in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and precipitated an in vitro synthesized product approximately 32-kda in molecular weight and an equivalent protein from bcv-infected cells. the synthesis of ns2 was found to be similar to the struc ... | 1991 | 1833877 |
| monoclonal antibodies differentiate between the haemagglutinating and the receptor-destroying activities of bovine coronavirus. | a relatively simple and sensitive method is described which enables the effect of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the receptor-destroying enzyme (rde) and the haemagglutination (ha) activity of bovine coronavirus (bcv) to be analysed in one assay. a lysate of hrt-18 cells infected with the l9 strain of bcv was found to have a higher rde:ha ratio than purified virus. at 4 degrees c the lysate induced an ha pattern which completely disappeared upon raising of the temperature to 37 degrees c. this ... | 1991 | 1940870 |
| the hemagglutinin/esterase glycoprotein of bovine coronaviruses: sequence and functional comparisons between virulent and avirulent strains. | the entire nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin/esterase (he) genes specified by the highly virulent strain ly138 and the avirulent strain l9 of bovine coronavirus (bcv) were determined. these sequences were compared with recently published sequences of the he genes of the quebec and mebus strains. a large open reading frame of 1272 nt encoding a protein of 424 amino acid residues was predicted. the putative esterase active site was conserved in the virulent and avirulent bcv strains, indic ... | 1991 | 1962455 |
| a comparison of bovine coronavirus strains using monoclonal antibodies. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against a bovine coronavirus (b.c.v.) which had been isolated in scotland and was designated s2. the mabs were divided into two groups on the basis of their reactions with s2 virus in indirect immunofluorescence (i.f.), neutralisation and haemagglutination inhibition (h.a.i.) tests. five of the mabs were positive by all three tests but failed to bind to proteins in western immunoblotting experiments. the remaining three mabs were positive in i.f. te ... | 1990 | 1966439 |
| isolated he-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity. | bovine coronavirus (bcv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) from swine were found to grow to high titers in mdck i cells, a subline of madin darby canine kidney cells. virus grown in these cells was used to isolate and purify the he-protein. this protein has been shown recently to have acetylesterase activity and to function as the receptor-destroying enzyme of bcv. here we show that hev contains this enzyme, too. the glycoproteins were solubilized by treatment of virions with oc ... | 1991 | 1984649 |
| comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the s genes specified by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine coronaviruses. | the entire nucleotide sequences of the spike glycoprotein (s) genes of the highly virulent bovine coronavirus (bcv) strain bcv-ly138, the avirulent bcv-l9 and related norden vaccine (bcv-vaccine) strains were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify cdnas obtained by reverse transcription of viral rna, and to produce single strand cdnas for dna sequencing. the s gene sequences of these viral strains were compared with those of recently published strains bcv-mebus, bcv-queb ... | 1991 | 2053289 |
| comparison of bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigens: monoclonal antibodies to the spike glycoprotein distinguish between vaccine and wild-type strains. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against two major structural proteins of the cell-adapted mebus strain of bovine coronavirus (bcv-l9) were produced and characterized. seven mabs reacted with the peplomeric glycoprotein, gp 100/s, while three mabs reacted with the nucleoprotein p53/n in western blot analysis of bcv polypeptides. mabs to gp 100/s reacted with discontinuous epitopes of gp 100/s in westerns under mild but not under standard denaturing conditions. in contrast, mabs to p53/n reacted in b ... | 1991 | 2053295 |
| structural analysis of the conformational domains involved in neutralization of bovine coronavirus using deletion mutants of the spike glycoprotein s1 subunit expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. | two conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes, a and b, have been mapped to the s1 subunit of the s spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus (bcv). in order to characterize the structure of these antigenic sites, we constructed a series of cdna clones encoding deleted or truncated s1 derivatives and expressed the modified genes in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes a and b recognized only the mutant s1 polypeptides containing amino ac ... | 1991 | 2053298 |
| sequence and expression analysis of potential nonstructural proteins of 4.9, 4.8, 12.7, and 9.5 kda encoded between the spike and membrane protein genes of the bovine coronavirus. | the nucleotide sequence between the spike and membrane protein genes in the bovine coronavirus (bcv) genome was determined by sequencing cdna clones of the genome, and open reading frames potentially encoding proteins of 4.9, 4.8, 12.7, and 9.5 kda, in that order, were identified. the 4.9- and 4.8-kda proteins appear to be vestiges of an 11-kda protein for which a single nucleotide deletion event in the central part of the gene gave rise to a stop codon. the consensus cyaaac sequence precedes th ... | 1990 | 2142556 |
| primary structure of the s peplomer gene of bovine coronavirus and surface expression in insect cells. | the nucleotide sequence of the s peplomer gene of bovine coronavirus (bcv) has been determined. a single open reading frame of 4089 nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 150k with 20 potential sites for addition of n-linked oligosaccharides. expression of the cloned bcv s gene by a recombinant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus resulted in production of a 180k glycosylated polypeptide which was transported to the surface of the cell. comparison of the bcv s gene with the analogo ... | 1990 | 2155283 |
| nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein s gene of bovine enteric coronavirus and comparison with the s proteins of two mouse hepatitis virus strains. | the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein (s) of bovine enteric coronavirus (becv) was cloned and its complete sequence of 4092 nucleotides was determined. this sequence contained a single long open reading frame with a coding capacity of 1363 amino acids (mr 150,747). the predicted protein had 19 n-glycosylation sites. a signal sequence comprising 17 amino acids was observed starting from the first methionine residue. a potential peptidase cleavage site was located between amino acids 763 and 76 ... | 1990 | 2155300 |
| antigenic and genomic relationships among turkey and bovine enteric coronaviruses. | antigenic and genomic relationships among tissue culture-adapted turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv) isolates, three strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and mammalian coronaviruses were investigated. immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments using polyclonal antisera showed that the four major structural proteins of tcv cross-reacted with the four homologous proteins of bovine enteric coronavirus (bcv), the n and m proteins of mouse hepatitis virus serotype 3, and the n pro ... | 1990 | 2159566 |
| cell culture propagation of a coronavirus isolated from cows with winter dysentery. | fecal filtrates from cows with winter dysentery were inoculated into gnotobiotic and conventional calves, and a coronavirus was isolated from calf feces. cytopathic effects were observed on human rectal tumor cells but not bovine cell cultures. the winter dysentery isolates morphologically and antigenically resembled the mebus strain of bovine coronavirus. | 1990 | 2166085 |
| a review of evidence implicating bovine coronavirus in the etiology of winter dysentery in cows: an enigma resolved? | | 1990 | 2170075 |
| initial events in bovine coronavirus infection: analysis through immunogold probes and lysosomotropic inhibitors. | the early events in the infection of human rectal tumor cells by bovine coronavirus were investigated by colloidal gold-mediated immunoelectron microscopy and by analysis of the effect of lysosomotropic weak bases on virus yield. electron microscopic studies revealed sites of fusion between the virus envelope and the plasmalemma but fusion events along intracellular membranes were not observed despite extensive searches. virion-antibody-colloidal gold complexes were, in fact, endocytosed by sync ... | 1990 | 2173524 |
| excretion and persistence of bovine coronavirus in neonatal calves. | following oral inoculation, the excretion of a virulent or an attenuated strain of bovine coronavirus in calf feces and their persistence in spiral colon, ileum, and jejunum were studied using hemagglutination and direct fluorescent antibody tests, respectively. the virus was excreted in feces for only 3 days at high titers and then intermittently at low titers. however, viral antigen was detected in crypt or peyer's patches for at least 3 weeks after infection in 1 of 3 calves given virulent vi ... | 1990 | 2174231 |
| expression and secretion of the bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein by insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses. | a cdna fragment representing the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) gene of bovine coronavirus (bcv) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. infection of insect cells with the recombinant virus resulted in the production of a 120-kilodalton disulfide-linked dimeric form of the bcv he polypeptide. deletion of the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic domain from the he polypeptide resulted in secretion of a dimeric form of the truncated he polypeptide. the acetylesteras ... | 1990 | 2181154 |
| deduced sequence of the bovine coronavirus spike protein and identification of the internal proteolytic cleavage site. | the sequence of the spike (also called peplomer or e2) protein gene of the mebus strain of bovine coronavirus (bcv) was obtained from cdna clones of genomic rna. the gene sequence predicts a 150,825 mol wt apoprotein of 1363 amino acids having an n-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence of 17 amino acids, 19 potential n-linked glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic anchor sequence of approximately 17 amino acids near the c terminus, and a hydrophilic cysteine-rich c terminus of 35 amino acids. an inte ... | 1990 | 2184576 |
| scanning electron microscopic characterization of bovine coronavirus plaques in hrt cells. | the ecology of cytopathic expression of bovine coronavirus (bcv) in hrt-18 cells was analyzed within virus-induced plaques by scanning electron microscopy. virus replication was cytocidal for many hrt-18 cells, a function enhanced in the presence of trypsin. a monolayer of cells remained that imparted a characteristic turbidity to the plaque. these structurally normal, lysis-resistant cells did not stain with fluorescent antibodies specific for bcv antigens, failed to adsorb virus particles or m ... | 1990 | 2220183 |
| bovine coronavirus antigen in the host cell plasmalemma. | expression of bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigen in the plasmalemma of epithelioid human rectal tumor (hrt-18) and fibroblastic bovine fetal spleen (bfs) cell lines was traced by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy facilitated by colloidal gold. cytoplasmic fluorescence was first observed at 12 hr postinfection (h.p.i) in infected hrt-18 cultures. this fluorescence coincided with the appearance of cell surface antigen reacting with colloidal gold-labeled antibodies to bcv antigens. at ... | 1990 | 2261945 |
| polymerase chain reaction for probe synthesis and for direct amplification in detection of bovine coronavirus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to synthesize ds and ss probes for the detection of bovine coronavirus (bcv) using recombinant plasmids as template molecules. the ds probes detected a minimum of about 2 x 10(5) viral genomes after exposure for 1 h, a detection limit similar to nick-translated probes after exposure of the films for 60 h. more than 8 h exposure to blots probed with these ds probes resulted in complete darkening of the film. the ss probes, synthesized by asymmetric pcr ... | 1990 | 2266145 |
| structure and orientation of expressed bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase protein. | the sequence of the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) gene for the mebus strain of bovine coronavirus was obtained from cdna clones, and its deduced product is a 47,700-kilodalton apoprotein of 424 amino acids. expression of the he protein in vitro in the presence of microsomes revealed n-terminal signal peptide cleavage and c-terminal anchorage but not disulfide-linked dimerization. dimerization was observed only after expression in vivo, during which he was also transported to the cell surface. | 1990 | 2319653 |
| detection of bovine enteric coronavirus in clinical specimens by hybridization with cdna probes. | molecular hybridization, previously optimized for purified bovine coronavirus (bcv), was adapted for detection of virus in clinical specimens. for this purpose, the accuracy of the existing tests had to be improved and suitable means for removal of extraneous molecules had to be established. six radioactive probes were used to obtain adequate detection signals. these probes, containing the complete n and e1 gene sequences and other sequences, hybridized to about 1/4 of the total length of the vi ... | 1990 | 2366761 |
| bovine coronavirus mrna replication continues throughout persistent infection in cell culture. | the existence of viral mrna replicons was demonstrated in cells infected with the bovine coronavirus by showing a minus-strand counterpart and a corresponding replicative intermediate for each subgenomic mrna species. mrna replication is thus a universal property of coronaviruses, since this is now the third coronavirus for which it has been demonstrated. during the acute phase of infection (first 48 h), minus and plus strands accumulated at the same rate initially, but maximal accumulation of m ... | 1990 | 2384915 |
| hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus attaches to n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid-containing receptors on erythrocytes: comparison with bovine coronavirus and influenza c virus. | the receptors for the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev, a porcine coronavirus) on chicken erythrocytes were analyzed and compared to the receptors for bovine coronavirus (bcv) and influenza c virus. evidence was obtained that hev requires the presence of n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) on the cell surface for agglutination of erythrocytes as has been previously shown for bcv and influenza c virus: (i) incubation of red blood cells with sialate 9-o-acetylesterase, the ... | 1990 | 2385959 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus: characteristics and topographical mapping of neutralizing epitopes on the e2 and e3 glycoproteins. | monoclonal antibodies to the quebec isolate of bovine coronavirus were produced and characterized. monoclonal antibodies to both the e2 and the e3 glycoproteins were found to efficiently neutralize virus in vitro. none of the monoclonal antibodies directed against the e1 glycoprotein neutralized virus infectivity. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the e2 glycoprotein were all found to immunoprecipitate gp190, gp100, and their intracellular precursor protein gp170. neutralizing monoclonal ant ... | 1987 | 2446421 |
| structural proteins of bovine coronavirus strain l 9: effects of the host cell and trypsin treatment. | the polypeptide profile of the cell-adapted strain of bovine coronavirus (mebus bcv-l 9) is remarkably affected by the host cell and trypsin. we compared the structural proteins of virus purified from different cell lines and found cell-dependent differences in the virus structure. bcv was purified from four clones of human rectal tumour cells (hrt-18): 3f3, d2, 3e3, and 4b3. the structural profiles of bcv propagated in clones 3e3 and 3f3 were identical, consisting of proteins with molecular wei ... | 1988 | 2463821 |
| mapping of neutralizing epitopes to fragments of the bovine coronavirus e2 protein by proteolysis of antigen-antibody complexes. | neutralizing antigenic domains on bovine coronavirus gp100/e2 were mapped to fragments of this protein by proteolytic cleavage and fragment analysis. the procedure involved analysis of fragments generated after incubation of e2-monoclonal antibody complexes with various proteases. the smallest antibody-bound fragments obtained were a 50k fragment following staphylococcus aureus v8 protease and submaxillary protease digestion, and a 37k fragment following trypsin digestion. trypsin also produced ... | 1989 | 2471794 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus glycoproteins e2 and e3: demonstration of in vivo virus-neutralizing activity. | six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bovine coronavirus (bcv, quebec isolate) e2 and e3 glycoproteins which were found previously to be neutralizing in vitro were examined for virus-neutralizing activity in vivo. surgically ligated intestinal loops of newborn colostrum-deprived calves were virus-inoculated, mock-infected or inoculated with a mixture of virus and antibody. of the six bcv-specific mabs, four were found to be protective against a virulent field isolate of bcv, as indicated by a redu ... | 1989 | 2471802 |
| development of protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy for detection of bovine coronavirus in calves: comparison with elisa and direct immunofluorescence of nasal epithelial cells. | a protein a-colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy (pag-iem) technique was developed for the detection of bovine coronavirus (bcv) in the feces and nasal secretions of infected calves. feces or nasal swab fluids were incubated sequentially with hyperimmune bovine anti-bovine coronavirus serum and protein a-gold, negatively stained, applied to formvar-coated copper grids and viewed using an electron microscope. the pag-iem method specifically identified bcv particles and possible subviral parti ... | 1989 | 2541532 |
| sequence analysis of nucleocapsid gene and leader rna of human coronavirus oc43. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-end of the genomic rna of human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) was determined from the cdna clones of the intracellular virus-specific mrnas. the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the main open reading frame (orf), which represents the nucleocapsid (n) protein, were highly homologous to those of bovine coronavirus (bcv) mebus strain. this orf predicts a protein of 448 amino acids. additional smaller orfs are also present in a different re ... | 1989 | 2541577 |
| characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to bovine enteric coronavirus: establishment of an efficient elisa for antigen detection in feces. | monoclonal antibodies to bovine enteric coronavirus (bec) were produced. additionally, polyclonal antibodies were made in rabbits and guinea pigs and extracted from the yolk of immunized hens. the antibodies were characterized by neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. neutralizing antibody titers of polyclonal antisera ranged from 1:1280 to 1:40,000. only one out of 908 hybridoma colonies tested secreted antibodies wit ... | 1989 | 2549679 |
| epidemiologic survey of bovine diseases in suriname. | a seroepidemiologic survey of cattle diseases was undertaken in suriname in 1985 to help assess the livestock disease situation in that country. the six diseases covered by the survey were bovine coronavirus infection, bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhea, brucellosis, parainfluenza-3 infection, and respiratory syncytial virus infection. the results indicated relatively low prevalences of these diseases compared to the prevalences found in most developed countries. the reasons for this ... | 1989 | 2558753 |
| [research on antibodies against bhv-1, bhv-2, bhv-4, bvd-md virus, bovine adenovirus a and b, rotavirus and coronavirus in cattle in western zaire: complementary results]. | two-hundred bovine sera from western zaire were screened for antibodies to 8 viruses: bhv-1, bhv-2, bhv-4, bvd-md virus, bovine adenovirus a and b, bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus. positive sera were found to all these viruses. for animals whose origin was undoubted, the main features were the high prevalence of infections by rotavirus and bhv-4 and the low prevalence of infections by coronavirus and bvd-md virus. | 1989 | 2560579 |
| a serological comparison of bovine coronavirus strains. | two bovine coronavirus (bcv) strains from diarrheic calf faeces were adapted to grow in hrt 18 cells and compared in immunofluorescence (if), haemagglutination inhibition (hai) and neutralisation (nt) tests with three other strains of bcv and a human coronavirus (hcv) strain obtained from other laboratories. polyclonal antisera against these 6 viruses were raised in rabbits. no significant differences between viruses were detected by if. in the hai test the hcv strain was distinguishable from th ... | 1989 | 2650657 |
| cloning and in vitro expression of the gene for the e3 haemagglutinin glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus. | a cdna clone representing the gene for the e3 glycoprotein, the haemagglutinin, of bovine coronavirus was isolated from a plasmid cdna library of the viral genome and sequenced. the gene is located immediately 5' of the e2 glycoprotein gene on the viral genome. nucleotide sequencing of the e3 gene predicts a polypeptide of 424 amino acids with an mr of 47k. in vitro translation of mrna transcribed from the cloned e3 gene yielded a polypeptide of mr 45k, similar to that predicted from the nucleot ... | 1989 | 2732684 |
| synthesis and processing of the bovine enteric coronavirus haemagglutinin protein. | the haemagglutinin molecule on the bovine enteric coronavirus has been identified as a glycoprotein of 140k composed of disulphide-linked subunits of 65k. in this study, we have shown the subunits to be identical by demonstrating an unambiguous amino-terminal amino acid sequence. the unglycosylated subunit was found to have an mr of 42.5k and to undergo rapid disulphide linkage and glycosylation. glycosylation was found to be of the asparagine-linked type and some of the oligosaccharides underwe ... | 1989 | 2732694 |
| diagnosis of porcine and bovine enteric coronavirus infections using cloned cdna probes. | molecular clones representing the first 2,000 bases from the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus genome and the first 2,160 bases from the 3' end of the bovine enteric coronavirus genome were used in dot blot hybridization assays to detect viral rna from cell culture and from fecal specimens. in each case, the cloned dna represents approximately 10% of the genome. the cloned sequence for each virus encompasses the 3' noncoding region, the nucleocapsid protein gene, an ... | 1987 | 2821059 |
| enteric infections in veal calves: a longitudinal study on four veal calf units. | forty-five calves on four veal calf units were monitored during the first four weeks after their arrival. faecal samples were collected on alternate days and screened for the presence of rotaviruses, bovine coronavirus, cryptosporidium oocysts, k99 positive strains of e. coli and salmonella spp. rotaviruses and cryptosporidium were the most commonly detected agents (78% and 60% respectively of the calves). bovine coronavirus was detected in the faeces of 18% of the calves, whilst k99 positive e. ... | 1987 | 2827367 |
| development of nasal, fecal and serum isotype-specific antibodies in calves challenged with bovine coronavirus or rotavirus. | unsuckled specific pathogen free calves were inoculated at 3-4 weeks of age, either intranasally (in) or orally (o) with bovine coronavirus or o plus in (o/in) or o with bovine rotavirus. shedding of virus in nasal or fecal samples, and virus-infected nasal epithelial cells were detected using immunofluorescent staining (if), elisa or immune electron microscopy (iem). isotype-specific antibody titers in sera, nasal and fecal samples were determined by elisa. calves inoculated with coronavirus sh ... | 1987 | 2829415 |
| nucleotide sequence of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus matrix protein gene. | cdna clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the tgev genome were sequenced completely or in part by the method of maxam and gilbert and open reading frames were examined. one reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (m) protein was identified. it is positioned at the immediate 5' side of the nucleocapsid (n) gene but is separated by an intergenic region of 12 bases. the deduced m protein is comprised of 262 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,54 ... | 1987 | 2829520 |
| humoral immune response of the bovine fetus to in utero vaccination with attenuated bovine coronavirus. | a fetal response to in utero vaccination with attenuated bovine coronavirus (9 to 49 days before parturition) was determined in 8 calves, 5 vaccinated and 3 controls. calves were derived by hysterotomy before parturition and were maintained in a closed gnotobiotic environment. the iga, igm, and igg values and coronavirus-neutralizing antibody titers were higher in the sera and intestinal loop fluid from vaccinated calves than in those from control calves. sections of ileum and ileal lymph nodes ... | 1988 | 2831759 |
| evaluation of an immunogold electron microscopy technique for detecting bovine coronavirus. | a solid phase colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy (igem) technique for detecting bovine coronavirus (bcv) was developed and shown to be specific. this test was compared with three other diagnostic tests using fifteen faecal samples. bovine coronavirus was detected in 2 samples by direct electron microscopy (dem), in 3 samples by immunosorbent electron microscopy, in 5 samples by haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination and in 6 samples by igem. ninety four faecal samples were tested by dem ... | 1988 | 2836459 |
| the amino-terminal signal peptide on the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus matrix protein is not an absolute requirement for membrane translocation and glycosylation. | cdna clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis corona-virus (tgev) genome were sequenced by the method of maxam and gilbert and an open reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (m or e1) protein was identified. it is positioned at the 5' side of the nucleocapsid (n) gene from which it is separated by an intergenic stretch of 12 bases. the deduced m protein comprises 262 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,5 ... | 1988 | 2841792 |
| molecular cloning of complementary dna from a pneumopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus and its diagnostic application. | a pneumopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus was grown in cell culture and purified. genomic ribonucleic acid was extracted, polyadenylated at the 3' end, and copied into complementary dna after oligo-dt priming. complementary dna was male double stranded and cloned into the puc9 plasmid. approximately 200 complementary dna clones varying in length from 0.5 to 2.5 kilobases were obtained. hybridization assays indicated that the sequences isolated were specific for bovine viral diarrhea v ... | 1988 | 2848623 |
| studies on the relationship between coronaviruses from the intestinal and respiratory tracts of calves. | an immunofluorescence test on smears of nasal epithelial cells was used to detect coronavirus infection in the respiratory tract of calves. thirteen gnotobiotic calves were infected with coronavirus isolates derived from faeces or respiratory material: virus was detected in faeces and nasal swabs from all animals. in 115 calves from a field survey, there was a significant association between coronavirus excretion from both respiratory and enteric routes in calves with diarrhoea. in a further 12 ... | 1985 | 2990390 |
| chronic shedding of bovine enteric coronavirus antigen-antibody complexes by clinically normal cows. | using an elisa for the detection of virus-specific immune complexes, ten cows were found to be shedding bovine enteric coronavirus. the shedding patterns from five of these animals were followed for a period of 12 weeks, and all were found to be chronically shedding virus. despite the presence of both faecal and serum antibody the infection was not cleared; therefore, the role of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) was investigated by immunosuppressing the chronically shedding cows with dexamethasone. ... | 1985 | 2991425 |
| [demonstration of coronavirus infection in buffaloes]. | the hemagglutination-inhibition test and a bovine corona virus antigen were used to investigate a total of 293 samples of buffalo sera, of which 152 were taken from buffalo calves at the age of up to 12 months and 141 were taken from buffalo cows at the age of between 18 and 30 months. corona virus antibodies were proven in 52.6 per cent of the sera of buffaloes originating from 3 cooperative farms and a number of private farms. the antibodies in the sera of buffalo calves had an average geometr ... | 1985 | 3002006 |
| [a new polyvalent vaccine against enteral infections in newborn calves]. | the most frequent microbial causative agents of massive diarrheas in new-born calves kept on large cattle farms in the cssr are rotaviruses, coronaviruses and enterotoxigenic strains of e. coli, manifesting themselves as complicated virus-bacterial infections. an inactivated polyvalent adjuvant vaccine has been developed for the prevention and specific prophylaxis of these enteral infections; the vaccine contains bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and three enterotoxigenic serotypes of e. coli ... | 1987 | 3029935 |
| sequence analysis of the bovine coronavirus nucleocapsid and matrix protein genes. | the 3' end of the 20-kb genome of the mebus strain of bovine enteric coronavirus (bcv) was copied into cdna and cloned into the psti site of the puc9 vector. four clones from the 3' end of the genome were sequenced either completely or in part to determine the sequence of the first 2451 bases. within this sequence were identified, in order, a 3'-noncoding region of 291 bases, the gene for a 448-amino acid nucleocapsid protein (n) having a molecular weight of 49,379, and the gene for a 230-amino ... | 1987 | 3029965 |
| protection between different serotypes of bovine rotavirus in gnotobiotic calves: specificity of serum antibody and coproantibody responses. | in a previous study, different u.s. isolates of bovine rotavirus were studied for their serotypes and cross-protective properties (g. n. woode, n. e. kelso, t. f. simpson, s. k. gaul, l. e. evans, and l. babiuk, j. clin. microbiol. 18:358-364, 1983). three viruses belonging to two different serotype groups were used as vaccines in gnotobiotic calves, which were subsequently challenged with b641 or b223, representing the two bovine serotypes. in the present work, the experiments were repeated wit ... | 1987 | 3036908 |
| glycosylation of the bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin protein. | the bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin protein gp140 is composed of disulfide-linked subunits of 65 kda. this protein was further characterized with regard to its glycosylation. the glycosylated subunits of the protein are polypeptides having a molecular mass of 42.5 kda. both subunits appear to be processed to the same extent by the addition of n-linked oligosaccharides. each subunit on the mature virion has 6-7 high mannose and 3-4 complex type carbohydrate chains attached to it. | 1987 | 3124516 |
| sequence and analysis of bovine enteritic coronavirus (f15) genome. i. sequence of the gene coding for the nucleocapsid protein; analysis of the predicted protein. | sequences encoding the n protein of the bovine enteritic coronavirus-f15 strain (becv-f15) have been cloned in pbr322 plasmid using cdna produced by priming with oligo-dt on purified viral genomic rna. some 265 insert-containing clones were studied. hybridization of these inserts with poly(a)+ rna extracted from infected cells led to the conclusion that they were located at the 3'-end of the genome. after subcloning in m13 phage dna, clones were sequenced by the sanger technique. a 1,710-nucleot ... | 1988 | 3207501 |
| biotinylated and radioactive cdna probes in the detection by hybridization of bovine enteric coronavirus. | cdna, synthesized on bovine coronavirus (bcv) genomic rna templates, could be used to detect very small quantities (i.e. 1 pg) of viral rna by hybridization with either radioisotopic-labelled or biotinylated recombinant plasmids. virus was optimally attached to nitrocellulose membranes when spotted in 1 x ssc, whereas 20 x ssc was superior for viral rna. denaturation and rna fixation of both rna, still encapsidated in virus particles and isolated genomic rna, was achieved by baking of the blots ... | 1988 | 3221884 |
| temporal regulation of bovine coronavirus rna synthesis. | the structure and synthesis of bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific intracellular rna were studied. a genome-size rna and seven subgenomic rnas with molecular weights of approximately 3.3 x 10(6), 3.1 x 10(6), 2.6 x 10(6), 1.1 x 10(6), 1.0 x 10(6), 0.8 x 10(6) and 0.6 x 10(6) were detected. comparisons of bcv intracellular rnas with those of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) demonstrated the presence of an additional rna for bcv, species 2a, of 3.1 x 10(6) daltons. bcv rnas contain a nested-set structure ... | 1988 | 3376552 |
| human and bovine coronaviruses recognize sialic acid-containing receptors similar to those of influenza c viruses. | human coronavirus oc43 and bovine coronavirus elute from agglutinated chicken erythrocytes when incubated at 37 degrees c, suggesting the presence of a receptor-destroying enzyme. moreover, bovine coronavirus exhibits an acetylesterase activity in vitro using bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate similar to the enzymatic activity found in influenza c viruses. furthermore, pretreatment of erythrocytes with either influenza c virus or bovine coronavirus eliminates subsequent binding and agglutina ... | 1988 | 3380803 |
| deduced amino acid sequence and potential o-glycosylation sites for the bovine coronavirus matrix protein. | the nucleotide sequence of the matrix (m) protein gene of the bovine coronavirus (bcv) was determined by sequencing cdna clones derived from genomic rna. the gene was found to map at the 5' side of the nucleocapsid protein gene and its sequence predicts a protein of 230 amino acids having a molecular weight of 26,376. the bcv m protein shares extensive sequence homology with the matrix protein of the mouse hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) but differs notably in the amino terminal region external to t ... | 1987 | 3434434 |
| structural proteins of bovine coronavirus and their intracellular processing. | the quebec isolate of bovine coronavirus (bcv) was found to contain four unique major structural proteins. these proteins consisted of the peplomeric protein (gp190/e2, gp100/e2), the nucleocapsid protein (p53/n) and its apparent trimer (p160/n), a family of small matrix glycoproteins (gp26/e1, gp25/e1 and p23/e1) and the putative haemagglutinin (gp124/e3). pulse-chase experiments utilizing polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies indicated that the unique bcv e3 protein had its primary pr ... | 1987 | 3681266 |
| [research on coronaviruses in water. i. adsorption and elution of the coronavirus on glass powder]. | the purpose of the research was to determine under what conditions enteric coronaviruses from water can be optimally concentrated by acid-ph adsorption on glass-powder followed by alkaline-ph elution. the 14c labelled bovine enteric coronavirus was grown on hrt18 cell monolayers and purified. virus adsorption was studied in relation to ph: optimal adsorption yield--between 50 to 75% (mean value: 62%)--was obtained at ph less than or equal to 3.5. elution was made comparatively with a 0.05 m glyc ... | 1986 | 3727400 |
| plasma enteroglucagon and neurotensin levels in gnotobiotic calves infected with enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic viruses. | five gnotobiotic calves were each infected with five viruses. each calf was inoculated with coronavirus at seven days old, followed by astrovirus, newbury agent, parainfluenzavirus type 3 and rotavirus at intervals of two weeks. three of the viruses were enteropathogenic (bovine coronavirus, bovine calici-like virus and bovine rotavirus) and two were not (bovine astrovirus and parainfluenzavirus type 3). plasma levels of the peptide hormones enteroglucagon and neurotensin and faecal output were ... | 1985 | 3919434 |
| bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin protein. | treatment of purified bovine coronavirus (mebus strain) with pronase destroyed the integrity of virion surface glycoproteins gp140, gp120, gp100, reduced the amount of gp26 and destroyed the hemagglutinating activity of the virus. bromelain, on the other hand, destroyed the integrity of gp120, gp100 and gp26 but failed to remove gp140 and failed to destroy viral hemagglutinating activity. these experiments suggest that gp140 is the virion hemagglutinin. immunoblotting studies using monospecific ... | 1985 | 3984492 |
| bovine-murine hybridoma that secretes bovine monoclonal antibody of defined specificity. | spleen cells from a calf hyperimmunized with bovine enteric coronavirus were fused with nonproducer mouse plasmacytoma cells. stable hybridoma lines secreting bovine immunoglobulins were obtained. one line secreted monoclonal bovine immunoglobulin g2, which reacted specifically with bovine enteric coronavirus in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, inhibited virus hemagglutination, and precipitated a structural polypeptide with a molecular weight of 26,000 daltons. | 1985 | 3994108 |
| oligonucleotide fingerprints of antigenically related bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus oc43. | virion rnas from the bovine enteric coronavirus and the human respiratory coronavirus oc43 were compared by one dimensional gel electrophoresis and by oligonucleotide fingerprinting. for each virus, approximately 55 per cent of the rna migrated as a 6.8 md species, 10 per cent as a 0.68 md species, and 15 per cent as heterogeneous small molecular weight rna. a sequence homology of greater than 96 per cent was observed between the 6.8 md species from the two viruses. the 0.68 md rna is apparently ... | 1985 | 4038068 |
| physiochemical characterization of a neonatal calf diarrhea virus. | physicochemical characteristics of two isolates of a neonatal calf diarrhea virus were investigated. neither isolate was sensitive to ether or chloroform, both were stable at ph 3.0, were relatively heat resistant, but were thermolabile when heated to 50 degrees c for one hour in the presence of 1.0 m mgcl(2). multiplication of virus was not inhibited by concentrations of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idur) up to 500 microg/ml, which indicated that the nucleic acid was ribonucleic acid (rna). also, mu ... | 1973 | 4270437 |
| coronavirus infection of the bovine respiratory tract. | two viruses, morphologically resembling coronaviruses and antigenically indistinguishable from bovine enteric coronavirus, were isolated in bovine tracheal organ cultures from the lungs and trachea of young calves with respiratory disease. intranasal and intratracheal inoculation of these viruses into neonatal calves resulted in a predominantly upper respiratory tract infection, which was associated with the development of mild respiratory symptoms. | 1984 | 6093337 |
| utilization of monoclonal antibodies for antigenic characterization of coronaviruses. | hybrid cells secreting monoclonal antibodies against bovine enteric coronavirus (becv strain g110) were obtained by fusion between sp2/o myeloma cells and splenocytes of mice hyperimmunized with purified virus. specificity of 8 from the 12 monoclonal antibodies was established to be anti-gp105 by immunochemical staining of viral polypeptides and by immunoprecipitation of radioactive-labelled viral proteins. the reactivity of three becv isolates (strain g110, f15 and ncdcv) with the different mon ... | 1983 | 6203462 |
| rotavirus infections in calves in dairy herds. | neonatal calf diarrhoea was studied in 115 calves of one dairy herd from january 1976 to june 1977. two syndromes could be distinguished: a mild and short lasting 'early diarrhoea' within the first three days of life and a usually more severe 'late diarrhoea' from the fourth to the 14th day of life. the latter type of diarrhoea occurred almost exclusively during the first half of the year. thirty-four out of 45 calves with late diarrhoea excreted rotaviruses, whereas only one of 34 calves with e ... | 1980 | 6258202 |
| propagation of the kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus in suckling mice, rats and hamsters. | the kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus was easily propagated in suckling mice. infected animals died with nervous symptoms, and serial passage was readily accomplished by intracerebral inoculation with brain emulsions. the 3rd passage viral material from infected mice evoked the same disease in suckling mice, rats and hamsters inoculated by the intracerebral or by the subcutaneous route. viruses recovered from mice, rats and hamsters could be clearly differentiated from mouse hepatitis virus ... | 1981 | 6263232 |
| reactivity of antibodies in human serum with antigens of an enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus. | antibodies in human serum against an enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus were detected by double immunodiffusion (did), neutralization of infectivity, indirect immunofluorescence, and immune electron microscopy. human sera reacting in the did test neutralized the infectivity of the bovine coronaviruses to indices of 2.5 to greater than 5. nineteen of 40 did-negative, heat-inactivated sera had neutralizing indices of 1 to 3.0. human serum with neutralizing and did antibodies produced juxtanuclear ... | 1981 | 6265746 |
| rna of rotavirus: comparison of rnas of human and animal rotaviruses. | single-stranded rna (ssrna) was transcribed in vitro from inner-shell particles of human rotavirus strain wa (hrv-wa) and a bovine rotavirus (neonatal calf diarrhea virus [ncdv]) by virion-associated rna polymerase activity. the ssrna product consisted of 11 rna segments which were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. in vitro-transcribed 32p-labeled ssrna was used to study the genetic relatedness between rotaviruses by annealing with genomic double-stranded rna (dsrna) of homologous ... | 1982 | 6281481 |
| [adaptation of an isolate of bovine enteritic coronavirus to serial growth in cell culture and characterization of the virus (author's transl)]. | coronaviruses are known to behave as pathogens in a variety of animal species. their multiplication in the differentiated enterocytes of the intestinal tract induces a severe diarrheic syndrome which may lead to death. to study these viruses and to progress in the development of prophylactic and diagnostic methods, it is essential to succeed in adapting the agents to serial growth in cell culture. in spite of several attempts adaptation to primary cell cultures could be obtained in the past only ... | 1981 | 6284011 |