| [immunotherapy of malignant growths (author's transl)]. | our knowledge of antigens which are associated with different types of malignant tumours is steadily increasing. these antigens exist in considerable numbers, but, so far with few exceptions, only their presence can be demonstrated by certain methods; to isolate and identify them has not yet been possible. these antigens are, therefore, suitable not so much for the primary diagnosis, but rather, like the carcinoembryonic antigen, the tissue-polypeptide antigen or the alpha-feto-protein, for asse ... | 1979 | 88728 |
| a cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-mediated effect of cholera toxin on high-molecular-weight glycoprotein species of malignant cells. | a comparison of the pronase-sensitive glycosylated species detectable under permissive and nonpermissive conditions by normal rat kidney cells transformed by a temperature-sensitive derivative of rous sarcoma virus reveals relative decreased labeling of high-molecular-weight glycosylated species under conditions that allow the expression of transformation, in medium supplemented either with 0.5% calf serum or with human alpha2-macroglobulin, 100 mug/ml. exposure of the cultures to cholera toxin ... | 1976 | 184943 |
| the critical role of iron in host-bacterial interactions. | the ability of potential pathogens to acquire iron in a host is an important determinant of both their virulence and the nature of the infection produced. virulent gram-negative bacteria are capable of acquiring sufficient iron from the host because their virulence (for chick embryos) is unaffected by exogenous iron. avirulent mutants which are apparently limited in their ability to acquire iron could be isolated from the virulent strains. the lethality of these mutants was significantly enhance ... | 1978 | 659605 |
| specific detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by using polymerase chain reaction. | development of a routine detection assay for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in clinical specimens was undertaken by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). an oligonucleotide primer pair from a conserved 5' region of the flaa gene of c. coli vc167 was used to amplify a 450-bp region by pcr. the primer pair specifically detected 4 strains of c. coli and 47 strains of c. jejuni; but it did not detect strains of campylobacter fetus, campylobacter lari, campylobacter upsaliensis, cam ... | 1992 | 1400961 |
| in vitro production of ige by human peripheral blood lymphocytes: effect of cholera toxin and beta adrenergic stimulation. | peripheral blood lymphocytes from two human donors with elevated serum ige concentrations were maintained in short term tissue culture preparations. repeated culture preparations demonstrated that ige was produced in vitro in amounts that could be measured by the double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. the amount of ige produced by replicate cultures of cells from a single bleeding of the donor was similar when the cultures were simultaneously prepared. in contrast, ige production by the sam ... | 1976 | 932435 |
| a mathematical model for the 1973 cholera epidemic in the european mediterranean region. | for the cholera epidemic that occurred in the european mediterranean region in the summer of 1973, a simple deterministic mathematic model is proposed; it consists of a system of two ordinary differential equations which concern the evolution of the human infective population in a town community and of bacteria population in the sea. it is conjectured that the infection process obeys a non linear saturation-type law. a phase space analysis is performed for the system of equations. conclusions ar ... | 1979 | 538301 |
| [reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness of an oral cholera chemical vaccine in a limited controlled experiment with human revaccination]. | oral cholera chemical vaccine in the doses tested (2 and 3 tablets) proved to be areactogenic, harmless and immunologically effective in a controlled limited trial in 150 volunteers. by the results of titration of specific antitoxins and vibriocidal antibodies in the blood serum, as well as of coproantibodies a dose of 2 tablets was chosen as the optimal one. | 1978 | 371293 |
| a bactericidal effect for human lactoferrin. | streptococcus mutans and vibrio cholerae, but not escherichia coli, were killed by incubation with purified human apolactoferrin. concentrations of lactoferrin below that necessary for total inhibition resulted in a marked reduction in viable colony-forming units. this bactericidal effect was contingent upon the metal-chelating properties of the lactoferrin molecule. | 1977 | 327545 |
| in vivo evidence of immunological masking of the vibrio cholerae o antigen of a hybrid salmonella typhi ty21a-vibrio cholerae oral vaccine in humans. | the immunogenicity of the live oral hybrid vaccine organism salmonella typhi ty21a/v. cholerae inaba (ex210) following its growth in media containing variable concentrations of supplemental galactose was examined in human volunteer subjects. the local intestinal iga-specific antibody responses to both typhoid and cholera lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations were determined. it was observed that the immunogenicity of the galactose-independent vibrio cholerae o antigen in vivo was dependent upon ... | 1991 | 1716810 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease, colonial variation, virulence, and detachment. | the structural gene, hap, for the secreted hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease), a putative virulence factor of vibrio cholerae, has recently been cloned and sequenced (c. c. häse and r. a. finkelstein, j. bacteriol. 173:3311-3317, 1991). the availability of the null mutant, hap-1, and hap-1 complemented with pch2 (which expresses ha/protease), enabled an examination of the role of ha/protease in the virulence of v. cholerae in an animal model. however, the mutants exhibited reversible colonial ... | 1992 | 1730478 |
| detection of a heat-labile enterotoxin gene in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by densitometric evaluation using highly specific enzyme-linked oligonucleotide probes. | two alkaline phosphatase-conjugated 24-mer oligonucleotide probes were developed to detect the heat-labile enterotoxin gene in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. probes were antisense codon sequences, which are transcribed into mrna, of the heat-labile enterotoxin gene of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli of human origin. using dot-blot hybridization, probes were tested with 100 clinical isolates and evaluated by a reflectance-type densitometer. results agreed very well with those of an immunologi ... | 1991 | 1802695 |
| serum and breast milk antibodies to food antigens in african mothers and relation to their diet. | results of a series of historical and recent studies of human milk and its protective antibodies against several bacterial and viral diseases and infantile diarrhea are presented. first, 1476 infants from lahore, pakistan from 3 socioeconomic groups, were observed and 300 mothers were given instruction on exclusive breast feeding. the prevalence of diarrhea indicated 60-80% protection to consistency of breast feeding, especially in summer when mothers replace breast milk with other liquids. h ... | 1991 | 1808999 |
| global climate change and infectious diseases. | the effects of global climate change on infectious diseases are hypothetical until more is known about the degree of change in temperature and humidity that will occur. diseases most likely to increase in their distribution and severity have three-factor (agent, vector, and human being) and four-factor (plus vertebrate reservoir host) ecology. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes may move northward and have more rapid metamorphosis with global warming. these mosquitoes transmit dengue v ... | 1991 | 1820262 |
| direct evidence that ganglioside is an integral component of the thyrotropin receptor. | gangliosides were extracted from purified human and porcine thyrotropin (tsh) receptors (tsh-r) and were detected by probing with an 125i-labeled sialic acid-specific lectin, limax flavus agglutinin. gangliosides copurified with human and porcine tsh-r migrated between monosialoganglioside gm1 and disialoganglioside gd1a. ceramide glycanase digestion of the purified human tsh-r-associated glycolipid confirmed its ganglioside nature. it was resistant to vibrio cholerae sialidase, which digests al ... | 1991 | 2000404 |
| field trial of oral cholera vaccines in bangladesh: evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-toxic breast-milk immunity in response to ingestion of the vaccines. | in a field trial conducted in bangladesh, ingestion of either b subunit-killed whole cell (bs-wc) or killed whole cell (wc) oral cholera vaccines by mothers was associated with a 47% reduction of the risk of cholera in their non-vaccinated children aged under 36 months. because vaccine-induced breast-milk immunity seemed a possible explanation for these findings, we evaluated anti-lipopolysaccharide (lps) and anti-cholera toxin (ct) iga antibody responses in breast milk collected during the tria ... | 1990 | 2251873 |
| differences in carbohydrate specificities and complement-activating capacity of guinea pig and human antibodies to neuraminidase-treated autologous erythrocytes. | guinea pig erythrocytes desialated by treatment with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae were lyzed in autologous serum through a natural-antibody-dependent activation of the classical complement pathway. lysis was inhibited when a mannose, glucose, galactose or n-acetyl-glucosamine was added to the incubation mixture. methyl-alpha- or -beta-d-galactopyranosides were poorly effective and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine was not effective at all. inhibition of lysis by the carbohydrates was due neither to ... | 1985 | 2415814 |
| enhancement of histamine release from human basophils pretreated with different sialidases. | histamine release from human basophils was investigated in vitro after removal of cell membrane sialic acid by three different sialidases. pretreatment of the cells with sialidases from cl. perfringens, v. cholera or influenza virus a2 enhanced histamine release induced by subsequent stimulation of the cells with anti-ige or the plant lectin concanavalin a and caused a shift to the left of the dose-response curve for anti-ige. the enhanced histamine release was reflected in a increased calcium s ... | 1986 | 2429528 |
| antigenic determinants of the cholera/coli family of enterotoxins. | hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies were raised to enterotoxins of the cholera family and to chimeric b-subunit proteins in which individual amino acid residues of a heat-labile, cholera-related enterotoxin from an escherichia coli strain of porcine origin (p-lt) were substituted with corresponding residues from such an enterotoxin from an e. coli strain of human origin (h-lt). single amino acid substitutions were found to have profound effects on the physicochemical behavior of the proteins ... | 1987 | 2446368 |
| a protein preparation from mycobacterium kansasii culture filtrate has biological activity similar to that of hcg and cholera toxin in human cell lines. | a protein preparation, from culture filtrates from a strain of mycobacterium kansasii (mk precipitate), which cross reacts with antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) beta subunit and antibodies to cholera toxin beta subunit, has been isolated. a tissue culture assay was used to detect the ability of this preparation to affect the antiviral activity of interferons and to visualize changes in cell shape and cell-cell contact caused by this preparation. a cholera toxin containing precipi ... | 1987 | 2447470 |
| influenza a virus potentiates basophil histamine release caused by endotoxin-induced complement activation. examination of normal individuals and patients with intrinsic asthma. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by complement activation by means of endotoxins isolated from e. coli and salmonella bacteria. influenza a virus was found to enhance the mediator release, and the effect was caused by synergism, since virus itself did not release histamine. the potentiating effect was similar in cells from normal individuals and from patients with intrinsic asthma. the involvement of viral neuraminidase was examined by a potent neuraminidase inhibit ... | 1988 | 2452582 |
| virus enhances histamine release from human basophils. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by staph. aureus or by complement activation caused by endotoxins isolated from e. coli or salmonella bacteria. influenza a virus was found to enhance the mediator release and the effect was caused by synergism, since the virus itself did not release histamine. the potentiating effect of the virus was abolished by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor. furthermore, a purified neuraminidase preparation obtained from vibrio cholerae caused ... | 1988 | 2455978 |
| [current problems in the microbiological control of food]. | the paper deals with a number of aspects of current interest and significance on the subject of the microbiological testing of food with particular reference to the role of research institutes. the main objectives of microbiological testing of food are essentially two: (i) to establish the absence of a human health hazard due to microbial contamination of food (food safety); and (ii) to define the quality standard of food (food quality). as far as the first of these objectives is concerned, the ... | 1989 | 2483651 |
| interleukin-1 induction by lipopolysaccharides: structural requirements of the 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo). | we previously showed the importance of the 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo) residue in endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, lps) for the induction of the synthesis and release of interleukin-1 (il-1) by human monocytes. we further investigated the effect of some structural variations within the kdo molecule on il-1 production induced by lps. deamination of bordetella pertussis lps, followed by mild anhydrous acidic methanolysis released a hexasaccharide (fragment b'), which had a terminal me ... | 1989 | 2549403 |
| unusual non-serogroup o1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia associated with liver disease. | a 50-year-old woman and a 31-year-old man with underlying liver disease presented with fever and signs of liver failure. the blood cultures in both cases yielded non-serogroup o1 vibrio cholerae strains which were biochemically identical except that one strain was nonmotile. despite treatment with antibiotics, the older patient died; the other patient survived. both strains were found to be susceptible to most antibiotics tested in vitro. no apparent source of infection could be identified in ei ... | 1989 | 2592546 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 adherence to human small intestinal m cells in vitro. | | 1989 | 2732514 |
| neutralisation of the new cholera toxin by antiserum against crude enterotoxin of cholera toxin gene-positive vibrio cholerae 01 in rabbit ileal loop model. | the enterotoxicity of the new cholera toxin (nct) prepared from cholera toxin gene-negative (ct-) v. cholerae 01 strains isolated from human diarrhoeal and environmental sources was assayed in rabbit ileal loops and the toxin unit was calculated to be 24 micrograms of protein. the enterotoxicity of the nct preparations were completely neutralised by the antiserum raised against the enterotoxin preparation from the ct+ v. cholerae 01 strain 569b at 1 in 16 dilution in ileal loops. the antiserum c ... | 1989 | 2777342 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 adherence to villi and lymphoid follicle epithelium: in vitro model using formalin-treated human small intestine and correlation between adherence and cell-associated hemagglutinin levels. | formalin-fixed human small intestinal mucosa possessing villi and lymphoid follicle epithelium of peyer's patches at the mucosal surface was used to test the adherence ability of clinically isolated strains of vibrio cholerae o1. v. cholerae o1 grown on cfa agar for approximately 3 h at 37 degrees c had various levels of cellular hemagglutinins (has) and manifested adherence abilities that were roughly correlated with the cellular ha levels, irrespective of cellular ha types. v. cholerae o1 adhe ... | 1988 | 2903129 |
| human immune response to vibrio cholerae o1 whole cells and isolated outer membrane antigens. | the serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and mucosal secretory iga (siga) response of human volunteers challenged with vibrio cholerae o1 was analyzed for reactivity to v. cholerae o1 antigens by the immunoblot technique. components of both in vitro- and in vivo (rabbit ligated ileal loop)-grown v. cholerae o1 were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. postchallenge serum igg reacted uniquely with 15 antigens and with greater intensity than did prechallenge serum w ... | 1989 | 2912896 |
| protective immunity against vibrio cholerae infection in the rabbit. | the dic model (duodenal inoculation with ligation of the cecum in rabbits) was employed to study experimentally induced cholera and the related protective immunity. duodenal inoculation (di) without ligation of the cecum with live v. cholerae organisms did not cause any disease symptom but induced protection against subsequent challenges with homologous and heterologous organisms for up to 24 months. after 30 months this protective immunity began to decrease. a similar protective immunity could ... | 1987 | 2964158 |
| hemolysin production and cloning of two hemolysin determinants from classical vibrio cholerae. | the hemolytic activity of 20 classical and 3 el tor strains of v. cholerae o1 was examined phenotypically and genetically. the el tor strains lysed bovine, chicken, human, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes (rbcs), while the classical strains lysed only chicken and rabbit rbcs. the assay was done with rbcs in tris-nacl buffer, since phosphate-buffered saline was found to inhibit hemolytic activity. hemolytic activity in culture supernatants from el tor strains was more sensitive to heat inactivation ... | 1986 | 3021628 |
| [instability of immunoglobulin expression during differentiation induction in the human lymphoblastoid cell line rpmi-6410t]. | the induction of immunoglobulin heavy chain classes switch from igm to igg was demonstrated in vitro in cells of rpmi-6410t line. the igg+-sublines, formed as a result of the switch are characterized by instability of igg synthesis. after removal of the inductor from the growth environment, igg+ cells gradually reduce the level of secreted igg. such a transition to the functional rest state is likely to be connected with the convertible ig-gene activity suppression in igg+ cells, since after the ... | 1988 | 3051603 |
| [reversible suppression and activation of immunoglobulin genes in differentiated igg+ sublines of human rpmi-6410t b-cells]. | differentiated human b-cells of the igg+ sublines obtained as a result of switching from igm to igg synthesis in the 6410t line and its igm+ lines gradually reduce the level of igm secretion after the inductor removal. igg synthesis can be partially or fully recovered by treating the igg+ sublines with a polyclonal activator of b-lymphocytes, lipopolysaccharide w from gram negative bacteria. in the conditions of certain regulatory effects, differentiated igg+ cells are capable to pass reversibly ... | 1988 | 3054675 |
| selective terminal alpha 2-3 and alpha 2-6 sialylation of glycosphingolipids with lacto-series type 1 and 2 chains in human meconium. | human meconium was found to contain two kinds of gangliosides with the same carbohydrate sequence belonging to the lacto-series. they were detected by tlc-immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies directed to the neuac alpha 2-6gal and lc4cer structures. one of these two gangliosides, a major one, which migrated on tlc to a position below that of standard iv3neuacnlc4cer from human erythrocytes, reacted with the antibody to neuac alpha 2-6gal. the other minor one, which migrated on tlc to a posi ... | 1988 | 3133241 |
| intracellular trafficking of cell surface sialoglycoconjugates. | recent reports have suggested that the majority of the molecular traffic through the golgi apparatus is comprised of recycling, rather than newly synthesized, molecules. to evaluate the importance of this recycling pathway in greater detail, we examined the internalization and recycling of cell surface glycoproteins on el-4 cells, a murine t-cell lymphoma, using sialic acids as covalent markers. sialic acids were removed from the surface of living cells by exhaustive treatment with vibrio choler ... | 1988 | 3182795 |
| intestinal secretory antibody response induced by an oral cholera vaccine in human volunteers. | the ability is reported of a new oral cholera vaccine composed of vibrio cholerae antigenic fractions to induce a serum and mucosal antibody response after three oral administrations of microgranules to 18 french volunteers according to different protocols of immunization. specific antibodies were detected in the three different fluids studied (saliva, jejunal fluid, serum) in one third of volunteers before vaccination. an increase of specific iga antibody level was observed in jejunal fluids of ... | 1988 | 3245293 |
| detection of gangliosides of the gm1b type on high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates by immunostaining after neuraminidase treatment. | a method for the detection of gm1b-type gangliosides in complex mixtures of gangliosides was developed. the procedure involves separation of gangliosides on high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates, fixation of the silica gel, treatment with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae in the absence of detergent, and incubation of the plates with ggose4cer-specific antibodies. alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibodies are used to visualize bound first antibodies by generating a blue dye ... | 1988 | 3263817 |
| electron microscopic study of vibrio cholerae o1 adherence to the mucus coat and villus surface in the human small intestine. | vibrio cholerae o1, irrespective of the biotype or serotype, adhered to and was entrapped in the mucus coat covering the mucosal surface of isolated human ileal segments. the evidence for such mucus coat adherence was obtained by treatment of the ileal segments with 10% formalin. in any case, adherence to the mucus coat was much more prominent than adherence to the epithelial cell surface of the small intestinal villi. mucus coat adherence was affected by sugars and by the growth phase of the ba ... | 1988 | 3417355 |
| trace amounts of ganglioside gm1 in human milk inhibit enterotoxins from vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli. | gangliosides were isolated from human milk fat and purified by silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). low amounts of the ganglioside gm1, detected by high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc)-immunoassay, were found in all fractions with enterotoxin-inhibitory activity, while fractions without gm1 were inactive. it is concluded that gm1 is responsible for enterotoxin-inhibitory activity in the ganglioside fraction from human milk. | 1987 | 3540506 |
| human and bovine milk: comparison of ganglioside composition and enterotoxin-inhibitory activity. | milk gangliosides inhibit vibrio cholerae enterotoxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. human milk gangliosides showed considerably higher enterotoxin-inhibitory activity compared to bovine and formula milk gangliosides as measured in vitro by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in vivo in rabbit small bowel loops. while gangliosides from less than 1 ml human milk inhibited 0.1 microgram choleratoxin in vitro and in vivo, five to 10 times higher amounts of bovine milk gangliosides ... | 1986 | 3714350 |
| serological characterization of humoral lectin from heterometrus granulomanus scorpion hemolymph. | a lectin in the hemolymph of indian scorpion heterometrus granulomanus was detected by agglutination of human and animal erythrocytes. the agglutinating activity was enhanced in presence of ca2+ ion. the lectin shows specificity for sialic acid like many other sialic acid-specific lectins such as "limulin", as the agglutination of erythrocytes was completely abolished by treatment with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. however, neuraminidase-treated rat and mouse erythrocytes exhibited high titers. ... | 1986 | 3770265 |
| neuraminidase- and trypsin-induced exposure to membrane receptors for igg and igm molecules on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. | brief incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn) or trypsin revealed hidden membrane receptors for igg and igm molecules. the hidden receptors were found on t lymphocytes as shown by double-label and mixed rosetting experiments and by studies of t-enriched populations. although igm receptors were undetectable on freshly isolated lymphocytes, a mean of 17.1% of vcn-treated lymphocytes rosetted with ox erythrocytes coated with igm antibody (ea-igm). p ... | 1977 | 303965 |
| adhesive properties of vibrio cholerae: adhesion to isolated rabbit brush border membranes and hemagglutinating activity. | adhesion of vibrios to the small intestine may occur (i) by association of the bacteria with secreted mucus gel or (ii) by adherence of the bacteria to the surface of epithelial cells. in the present study, vibrios readily adhered to isolated brush border membranes obtained from rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. adhesion was temperature dependent and required the presence of divalent cations such as calcium. the agglutination of human o erythrocytes by vibrio cholerae was observed also, and th ... | 1976 | 985804 |
| interaction of cholera toxin and membrane gm1 ganglioside of small intestine. | ganglioside gm1 was isolated from the small intestinal mucosa of man, pig, and beef and amounted to 0.1, 2.0, and 43 nmol per g fresh weight, respectively. these differences in gm1 content were associated with a quantitatively differing ability of the mucosal cells to bind cholera toxin. human cells bound about 15,000 toxin molecules when saturated with the toxin, porcine cells 120,000, and bovine cells 2,600,000 molecules. the association constant (ka) of the cholera toxin binding was, for cell ... | 1975 | 1058471 |
| absorption tests on cold lymphocytotoxins: preliminary report. | tests were carried out to absorb cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies on different types of cells. these included lymphocytes and neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes from healthy donors, thymocytes from children undergoing open heart surgery, fetal thymocytes, human brain and cultured lymphocytes. the results showed these antibodies to be absorbed on some types of cells and eluted from others. the best absorption was obtained with fetal thymocytes and brain tissue. | 1977 | 302062 |
| neuraminidase alteration of human lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens, antigens and allogenic lymphocytes. | lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (pha) was reduced significantly in whole-blood cultures initiated with nontoxic concentrations of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn). reduced responsiveness was not due to degradation or inactivation of pha by this enzyme, and the reaction was dependent upon the dose and time at which this mitogen and enzyme were added to the cultures. in cultures from some subjects, vcn also inhibited reactivity to concanavalin a. in contrast, lymphocyte reactivity t ... | 1978 | 283169 |
| modifications of lectin binding on human leukemic cells after neuraminidase treatment. | cell surface modifications after vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment were investigated using three different tritiated lectins: concanavalin a, ricinus sanguineus agglutinin (r.s.a.) and robinia pseudoacacia lectin. lectin binding measurements were performed on untreated and enzyme treated cells. the cells used were from chronic and acute leukemic donors. after neuraminidase treatment, a significant increase in the number of receptor sites, from 1 to 3 times, was found in all cases tested an ... | 1978 | 276384 |
| enzymatic and chemical oxidation of gangliosides in cultured cells: effects of choleragen. | cell surface glycolipids of normal human fibroblasts and nctc2071 cells (transformed mouse fibroblasts) were labeled by incubating the intact cells with either galactose oxidase or sodium periodate, followed by reduction of the oxidized sugar residues with nab3h4. in intact human fibroblasts, incorporation of 3h was increased with increasing time of exposure to galactose oxidase prior to treatment with nab3h4. following limited exposure to galactose oxidase, more label was incorporated into the ... | 1977 | 192275 |
| phosphorylation of the active, a1 component of cholera toxin by protein kinase. | cholera toxin, an activator of adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of cells, is a substrate for the phosphotransferase reaction catalyzed by purified cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate dependent bovine cardiac muscle protein kinase and the protein associated with human erythrocyte membranes. phosphorylation occurs when the toxin is dissociated with 5-20 mm dithiothreitol and is restricted to the a1 or "adenylate cyclase activating" subunit of the toxin. | 1976 | 181050 |
| human very low density lipoproteins: loss of electrophoretic mobility on enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues. | incubation of very low density lipoproteins (vldl) from three hyperlipoproteinemic patients with neuraminidase resulted in a progressive liberation of sialic acid residues. after the original sialic content had been reduced by approx. 75% a lipoprotein fraction having zero electrophoretic mobility on paper appeared. this fraction increased until, after the removal of all the sialic acid residues, the mobility of the entire vldl fraction was reduced to zero. | 1975 | 165020 |
| immunological comparison of various human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. | direct immunodiffusion comparison with specific antisera demonstrated that all of the four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins (papps) described in our laboratory are distinct from the pregnancy zone protein (von schoultz); alpha2-pregnoglobulin (berne); pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein (sp3) (bohn); new serum alpha2-macroglobulin (stimson); pag (horne); pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin (kasukawa); pal (mclaren), and xh protein (dunston). all the latter proved to be immunologically ... | 1975 | 163802 |
| modes of transmission of cholera in a newly infected population on an atoll: implications for control measures. | to determine the modes of transmission in a cholera epidemic in a newly infected population on an atoll, two studies were conducted, in which persons with cholera were individually matched, by age and sex, with neighbourhood controls. among the first recognised cases, cholera was associated with frequent (daily or weekly) consumption of raw lagoon fish that had been salted and partially dried. vibrio cholerae was isolated from the lagoon, which was contaminated by human wastes. during the declin ... | 1979 | 84960 |
| vibrio cholerae flagellar antigens: a serodiagnostic test, functional implications of h-reactivity and taxonomic importance of cross-reactions within the vibrio genus. | serodiagnostic tests for all serotypes of vibrio cholerae using h-antisera were investigated. activity motile cell lines of 155 stock and international reference cultures of human, animal, fish, and halophilic vibrios, aeromonas, comomonas, pseudomonas, salmonella, and escherichia were investigated. without exception, all cholera vibrios (including the nag serotypes) reacted with h sera. positive reactions were obtained specifically (a) within 2 hrs at 52 degrees c in the tube test using thick f ... | 1975 | 55952 |
| red cell aging. ii. anomalous electrophoretic properties of neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. | desialylation of human red blood cells (rbc) by vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn) was found to produce cells with electrophoretic properties which were inconsistent with the view of simple loss of n-acetylneuraminic acid (nana) as the sole effect of vcn treatment. modification of human rbc with 50--350 u vcn/10(10) rbc for one hour at 37 degrees c releases 90-100% of the nana and produces a progressive decrease towards zero in their electrophoretic mobilities when measured in 0.15 m nacl (ph 7 ... | 1978 | 29906 |
| resialylation of sialidase-treated sheep and human erythrocytes by trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase: restoration of complement resistance of desialylated sheep erythrocytes. | trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (ts) is a recently described enzyme which transfers alpha(2-3)-linked sialic acid from host-derived sialylated glycoconjugates to parasite surface molecules [schenkman et al. (1991) cell, 65, 1117]. we report here on the ability of ts to transfer sialic acid from donor sialyl-alpha(2-3)lactose to sialidase-treated sheep and human erythrocytes. up to approximately 50% resialylation of both desialylated red cells could be attained. resialylation of desialylated sh ... | 1992 | 1472761 |
| differential sensitivity of cd34 epitopes to cleavage by pasteurella haemolytica glycoprotease: implications for purification of cd34-positive progenitor cells. | our previous studies have shown that a unique glycoprotease from pasteurella haemolytica specifically cleaves only proteins containing sialylated o-linked glycans. the hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen, cd34, which is heavily glycosylated with both n- and o-linked glycans, is readily cleaved by this protease. in this study, we demonstrate that the epitopes detected by five of the seven cd34 monoclonal antibodies are removed by the glycoprotease. the differential sensitivity of the cd34 epito ... | 1992 | 1375160 |
| [serological response in man to an anticholera vaccine made from killed vibrios and partially purified with aluminium hydroxide]. | the immunizing capability of a new anticholera vaccine (choleric anatoxin + vibrios ogawa and inaba) was tested on a group of 113 subjects. the vaccination was carried out with two inoculations of the vaccine, administered a month apart. testings were taken before the vaccination, before the second inoculation and 10 to 14 days after the vaccination was completed. the determination of the vibriocide antibodies was made following the test-tube method described by verwey and al., and the research ... | 1975 | 1230039 |
| relation of the neuraminidase-revealed antigens of human lymphocytes and erythrocytes. | | 1975 | 1171544 |
| socio-economic and environmental factors and human health example of cholera el tor in manila. | the environmental health factors relevant to the occurrence of cholera in an urban milieu (manila) have been studied. cholera has been found to be a disease significantly more prevalent in the areas with lowest environmental condition. association have been found between the disease incidence and several socioeconomic variables: population density, water and sewer connections each per 1000 population and squatter/slum dweller density. the correlation between cholera incidence and population dens ... | 1975 | 1163167 |
| ecology and distribution of toxigenic vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments of a temperate region. | the occurrence of a human pathogen, vibrio cholerae, in aquatic environments and the distribution of toxigenic strains were studied for 2 years. the pathogen was isolated from freshwater, brackish and marine environments. v. cholerae non-01 was frequently recovered but the 01 serogroup was not detected. of the 57 environmental strains tested, eight (12%) were found to be potentially toxigenic. a number of atypical v. cholerae 01 strains were found which showed higher virulence potentials than th ... | 1992 | 1488021 |
| co-ordinate expression of virulence genes by toxr in vibrio cholerae. | evolution of complex regulatory pathways that control virulence factor expression in pathogenic bacteria indicates the importance to these organisms of being able to distinguish time and place. in the human intestinal pathogen vibrio cholerae, control over many virulence genes identified to date is the responsibility of the toxr protein. toxr, in conjunction with a second regulatory protein called toxs, directly activates the genes encoding the cholera toxin; other toxr regulated genes are not a ... | 1992 | 1560773 |
| neutralizing antibodies against escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins in human milk from a developing country. | by means of the adrenal cell assay and the rabbit small-bowel loop technique enterotoxin-neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in all investigated milk samples from severely undernourished pakistani women but, with a single exception, not in milk from swedish mothers. the antibodies belonged to the iga and igg classes as observed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which also revealed secretory component on specific enterotoxin antibodies, showing that the iga antibodies were primarily ... | 1976 | 790543 |
| peroxidase-amplified assay of sialidase activity toward gangliosides. | sialidase assays were carried out with the substrate, ganglioside gd1a, coated onto enzyme immunoassay plate wells. following the incubation of gd1a with sialidase from v. cholerae, the amount of ganglioside gm1 produced was measured as follows: cholera toxin b subunit conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was added to specifically bind to gm1, and then the amount of bound peroxidase was determined in a colorimetric enzymatic assay. in the absence of detergent, linearity for the detection of gm1 ... | 1992 | 1595901 |
| research priorities for diarrhoeal disease vaccines: memorandum from a who meeting. | diarrhoeas caused by rotaviruses, shigella, vibrio cholerae, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) represent a major health burden in developing countries, and have stimulated much effort towards vaccine development in order to protect against these four disease agents. this memorandum describes the state of the art and points the way to future research and test trials in this area. | 1991 | 1664785 |
| gmp-140 binds to a glycoprotein receptor on human neutrophils: evidence for a lectin-like interaction. | gmp-140 is a rapidly inducible receptor for neutrophils and monocytes expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells. it is a member of the selectin family of lectin-like cell surface molecules that mediate leukocyte adhesion. we used a radioligand binding assay to characterize the interaction of purified gmp-140 with human neutrophils. unstimulated neutrophils rapidly bound [125i]gmp-140 at 4 degrees c, reaching equilibrium in 10-15 min. binding was ca2+ dependent, reversible, and satur ... | 1991 | 1704009 |
| [effect of cholera vibrio and escherichia coli enterotoxins on human thrombocyte aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate]. | | 1976 | 790824 |
| enhanced binding of neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes to human t lymphocytes. | | 1973 | 4357270 |
| [kinetic and chemical experiments on the decay of di-n-acetylneuraminosyl-lacto-n-tetraose by neuraminidases of myxoviruses and vibrio cholerae]. | | 1971 | 4401630 |
| vibriocidal antibodies induced by yersinia enterocolitica serotype ix. | yersinia enterocolitica serotype ix has been found to stimulate the production of vibriocidal antibody against vibrio cholerae, particularly in inaba serotype, in experimental rabbits and infected man to a significant degree. this activity could be absorbed by both inaba and yersinia antigens from anti-yersinia sera, but yersinia antigen could not absorb vibriocidal activity from the anti-cholera sera, indicating a unilateral relation.vibrio agglutinating antibody, particularly against ogawa, in ... | 1972 | 4501837 |
| carbohydrate inhibition studies of the naturally occurring human antibody to neuraminidase-treated human lymphocytes. | | 1974 | 4528455 |
| [serologic response in man to cholera vaccine]. | | 1973 | 4788453 |
| human placental alkaline phosphatase, an inhibitor of hemagglutination by pr8-influenza a virus. | | 1974 | 4837607 |
| immunological studies in murine osteosarcoma. immunogenicity, growth kinetics, and immunotherapy. | a transplantable murine osteosarcoma is described. following transplantation into a syngeneic mouse the tumor grows rapidly and kills the mouse with pulmonary metastases simulating human osteosarcoma. a cell-mediated antibody response is evoked in the host mouse as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro tests. the number of pulmonary metastases may be decreased with adjunctive immunotherapy following excision of the primary tumor. immunotherapeutic materials include bcg and isologous cells treated ... | 1976 | 1063129 |
| [long-term observation of e1-tor cholera vibrions in waste waters from public baths]. | prolonged (for a period of one year) isolation of cholera vibrios from the sewage of a bath-house was observed. sewage proved to serve as a favourable medium for preservation and reproduction of cholera vibrios. the data obtained pointed to the capacity of el tor cholera vibrio to exist outside the human organism for a long time. | 1975 | 1124617 |
| expression of cell surface glycoproteins in human melanoma cell lines with different tumorigenic properties. | human malignant melanoma cell lines characterized by either a high or a low ability to grow subcutaneously in athymic nude mice have been examined for their cell-surface glycoproteins. striking differences were demonstrated between these 2 groups. cells from lines of low tumorigenicity (lt group) displayed twice as much vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and galactose oxidase accessible glycoproteins as cells from lines of high tumorigenicity (ht group) and each group of cell lines could be character ... | 1985 | 4044055 |
| neutralization of the vascular permeability factor of vibrio cholerae in man. | | 1969 | 5777737 |
| enteropathogenicity: recent developments. | recent studies have added important new information to our understanding of the pathogenesis and ethiology of diarrheal disease. vibrio cholerae produces a heat-labile enterotoxin, affecting cyclic amp. a very similar heat-labile enterotoxin is produced also by certain strains of escherichia coli, as well as by citrobacter, klebsiella, and aeromonas. e. coli may also produce a heat-stable enterotoxin, stimulating guanylate cyclase activity. in order to produce the pathologic effects, e. coli fir ... | 1982 | 6126611 |
| [epidemiology of cholera in the world. development between 1970 and 1980]. | the authors present a general review of ten year evolution of the 7th pandemic of cholerae. they discuss the official data known from the country declarations. from the epidemiological features they distinguish a hydric dilution model of cholerae (few cases, few carriers, endemicity) and a direct inter-human contamination type (epidemic outbreaks, no endemicity). | 1981 | 6170470 |
| purification and some properties of a non-o1 vibrio cholerae enterotoxin that is identical to cholera enterotoxin. | cholera-like enterotoxin was isolated and purified from the culture supernatant of a non-o1 strain of vibrio cholerae, e8498, isolated from the environment. enterotoxin was purified by aluminum hydroxide absorption and elution and successive gel filtrations on sephadex g-100, bio-gel a-5m, and sephadex g-75. purified enterotoxin gave a single stained band on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, and the mobility was the same as that of cholera enterotoxin. the specific biological activity of ... | 1983 | 6188694 |
| isolation of nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o group 1 from a patient with severe gastrointestinal disease. | a nontoxigenic strain of vibrio cholerae o group 1 was isolated in florida from the stool of a patient with severe diarrhea. the strain had the same hemolytic and unique phage-sensitivity pattern as all toxigenic isolates from recent cases of cholera in texas and louisiana. identical strains were transiently isolated from sewerage systems in two other florida communities, suggesting that multiple human infections had occurred. this is the first indication that v. cholerae o1 strains which do not ... | 1984 | 6199370 |
| attachment of sa-11 rotavirus to erythrocyte receptors. | treatment of human group o and sheep erythrocytes with receptor-destroying enzyme rendered them inagglutinable by simian rotavirus sa-11. the erythrocyte receptors were also removed by periodate oxidation and markedly reduced by incubation with a high concentration of trypsin, but they were not altered by infectivity-enhancing concentrations of trypsin, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, or sodium sulfite (na2so3). hemagglutinating activity of the virus particles was destroyed by periodate oxidation at 3 ... | 1980 | 6253396 |
| comparison of paired whole milk and dried filter paper samples for anti-enterotoxin and anti-rotavirus activities. | milk specimens, 75 from cows immunized against cholera toxin and 35 from a human population in which enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotaviral infections are endemic, were collected as paired filter paper and frozen whole milk samples. each pair was tested for antibody activity against heat-labile e. coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. additionally, 12 of the 35 paired human milk samples stored as frozen whole milk and dried on filter paper were tested for anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin a ... | 1982 | 6286715 |
| isolation and partial characterization of surface components of cell line mda-mb-231 derived from a human metastatic breast carcinoma. | neuraminidase (vibrio cholerae) treatment of human metastatic mammary carcinoma mda-mb-231 cells grown in culture released 0.60-0.63 mg of n-acetylneuraminic acid from 10(9) cells. incubation of intact cells with a modified trypsin and fractionation by gel filtration gave mainly o-glycopeptides. the presence of o-glycosyl-linked chains having one or two carbohydrate residues was confirmed by treatment of the glycopeptide fractions with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with alkaline sodiu ... | 1982 | 6287076 |
| surface markers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. characterization and modulation by enzymes and bacterial products. | surface markers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro were investigated using monoclonal and heterologous antisera against a range of cell surface antigens, together with rosetting techniques to characterize surface receptors for igg and c3. wi-38 fibroblasts and human peripheral blood monocytes were used as control cells. human gingival fibroblasts exhibited complement receptors and beta2-microglobulin, as did wi-38 cells. ten per cent of the human gingival fibroblasts were positive for hla-dr ... | 1984 | 6330332 |
| inhibition of enterotoxin from escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae by gangliosides from human milk. | inhibitory activity of enterotoxin from escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae was associated with the ganglioside fraction of human milk. both the milk fat and skim milk contained gangliosides that inhibited the toxins. the most purified milk fraction contained three glycolipid components, of which two migrated close to ganglioside gm1 on thin-layer chromatography plates. a component with a slightly different mobility from gm1 appeared to be associated with the inhibitory activity. milk gangliosi ... | 1983 | 6341242 |
| new knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development. | this review attempts to synthesize the new knowledge of pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections and relate this information to vaccine development. discussion focuses on human infections and to those in which significant strides have been made. as a general theme in the pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections, pathogens can be characterized into 5 groups on the basis of their degree of ultimate invasiveness after ingestion by a susceptible hose: mucosal adherence and enterotoxin pro ... | 1983 | 6363898 |
| saturable attachment sites for type 3 mammalian reovirus on murine l cells and human hela cells. | attachment of [35s]methionine-labelled mammalian type 3 reovirus to murine l cells and human hela cells was studied under equilibrium conditions. cellular attachment sites could be completely saturated with 35s-labelled reovirus, indicating that specific attachment sites for reovirus are present on the surface of these cells. we calculated that l cells possess about 86000-105000 attachment sites per cell while hela cells possess about 126000-147000 sites per cell for type 3 reovirus. unlabelled ... | 1984 | 6398564 |
| effect of ph on the binding of vicia graminea lectin to erythrocytes. dependence on the chemical character of red-cell receptors. | binding of the radioactive vicia graminea lectin to human blood-group m and n erythrocytes and to horse erythrocytes was studied at ph 6-10. binding of the lectin to untreated human erythrocytes and to those treated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase increased severalfold from ph 6 to ph 8 and was maintained at the maximal level up to ph 9/9.5. on the other hand, interaction of v. graminea lectin with native or desialylated horse erythrocytes was not significantly affected by ph and small differ ... | 1984 | 6432538 |
| use of cholera toxoid in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antitoxin. | a glutaraldehyde-inactivated toxoid was evaluated as a coating antigen in an elisa for cholera antitoxin. a reference panel of 36 human sera with antitoxin levels determined by several other assay systems and 58 sera from an outbreak of illness due to vibrio cholerae were studied. toxoid compared favorably with two purified cholera toxins, and the microtiter assay using all three antigens was effective in detecting antibody in known convalescing cholera patients. | 1983 | 6680095 |
| chemical and histochemical studies of normal and diseased human gastrointestinal tract. i. a comparison between histologically normal colon, colonic tumours, ulcerative colitis and diverticular disease of the colon. | chemical and histochemical methods were used to compare the epithelial glycoproteins from formalin-fixed surgical specimens of normal human large intestine, colonic tumours, ulcerative colitis and diverticular disease. all the epithelial glycoproteins contained fucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine and, in addition, sialic acids both with and without o-acyl substituents in the side chain and/or at position c4. the glycoproteins of the normal ascending and descending colons differed signi ... | 1984 | 6698804 |
| bacteria associated with crabs from cold waters with emphasis on the occurrence of potential human pathogens. | a diverse array of bacterial species, including several potential human pathogens, was isolated from edible crabs collected in cold waters. crabs collected near kodiak island, alaska, contained higher levels of bacteria than crabs collected away from regions of human habitation. the bacteria associated with the crabs collected near kodiak included yersinia enterocolitica, klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative staphylococcus species; the pathogenicity of these isolates was demonstrated in ... | 1984 | 6742824 |
| properties of human asialo-factor viii. a ristocetin-independent platelet-aggregating agent. | human factor viii desialylated by treatment with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (asviii) aggregated human platelets in the absence of ristocetin in platelet-rich plasma and, to a lesser extent, in washed platelet suspensions. aggregation is accompanied by thromboxane formation and is completely inhibited by edta. aspirin blocks the second phase of aggregation and abolishes thromboxane production. subaggregating doses of asviii and of either adp, epinephrine, or collagen produce prompt and complet ... | 1981 | 6790574 |
| magnitude and duration of antitoxic response to human infection with vibrio cholerae. | | 1970 | 5421427 |
| characterization and distribution of the hemagglutinins produced by vibrio cholerae. | examination of the distribution of cell-associated and soluble hemagglutinins (ha) produced by vibrio cholerae revealed the existence of four different has. a cell-associated mannose-sensitive ha (msha) was produced only by the el tor biotype. this was evident with all el tor strains examined. it appears to be responsible for the ha biotyping differentiation of el tor from classical biotype v. cholerae. the msha had no apparent divalent ion requirement; it was inhibited by d-mannose and d-fructo ... | 1982 | 7076294 |
| echinocyte formation induced by potential changes of human red blood cells. | in isotonic 30 mm nacl-saccharose solution, human red blood cells with intact membrane and normal inside ionic content (c-state) indicate a transmembrane potential between +30 mv (at ph 7.4) and +46 mv (at ph 5.1). after treatment with amphotericin b or nystatin as ionophores, a donnan equilibrium (d-state) will be reached with the same potential at ph 5.1 but a sharp drop down to -20 mv will occur at ph 7.4. concerning the erythrocyte shape at these states, a stomatocyte-echinocyte transformati ... | 1982 | 7077650 |
| selective vs. nonselective media and direct plating vs. enrichment technique in isolation of vibrio cholerae: recommendations for clinical laboratories. | the occurrence of human cholera along the gulf of mexico and the isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 from the gulf and chesapeake bay make it imperative that microbiology laboratories along estuaries develop the capabilities to culture for these pathogens. in attempts to devise a simplified but efficient culture procedure, a selective medium, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (tcbs) agar, was compared with a nonselective medium, gelatin agar (ga), and the utility of enrichment was examined. tcb ... | 1980 | 7003031 |
| protective properties of anticholera antibodies in human colostrum. | a comparative immunological study between two colostrum pools of indian and swedish mothers was carried out to evaluate their protective properties against vibrio cholerae. antibacterial and antitoxin titers were significantly higher in the indian colostrum pool (icp) than in the swedish colostrum pool (scp). antilipopolysaccharide as well as antitoxin antibodies belonged to secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) and igm classes as determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. icp could signifi ... | 1982 | 7095856 |
| ecology and importance of bacterial' species of the family vibrionaceae. | the bacterial species of the family vibrionaceae, particularly the species of the genus aeromonas (a. hydrophila and a. punctata and their subspecies were found to be relatively common in the running surface water in czechoslovakia (the occurrence of a. salmonicida species was not studied). the strains of the so-called nag-vibrios (vibrio cholerae unrelated to the cholera vibrio 0 group 1) were also relatively frequent, but the positive isolates of plesiomonas shigelloides were sporadic. the abo ... | 1982 | 7142689 |
| antibacterial and antitoxin responses in the serum and milk of cholera patients. | antibacterial and antitoxin responses in the acute and convalescent (7 to 10 days) sera of 14 cholera patients were determined by various serological techniques. similar studies were also carried out with corresponding milk samples of six of these patients who were lactating women. a significant rise in antibacterial titers was observed in all convalescent serum and milk samples. a similar rise in antitoxin titers was observable in all serum and four milk samples. specificity of the antibacteria ... | 1981 | 7216479 |
| human lymphocyte antigen reactivity modified by neuraminidase. | human lymphocytes treated with neuraminidase (from vibrio cholera) are more susceptible to lysis with antiserums directed against hl-a antigens in the cytotoxicity test than are the corresponding cells incubated in buffer. enzymetreated cells are also lysed by antibodies other than those directed against hl-a, but control cells are not. the extra sensitivity to antibody disappears after 2 to 6 days in tissue culture. | 1971 | 5564043 |
| in vivo evaluation of pathogenicity of clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae. | thirty-three minimally passaged clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae were examined for ability to survive and multiply in the upper bowel of infant mice and to elicit diarrhea. all of 21 smooth o-1 v. cholerae isolates from stool were able to multiply and elicit diarrhea. three rough strains isolated from stool were unable to multiply or to elicit diarrhea. two smooth o-1 isolates associated with cholera cases (from a sewer and a septic tank) also were able to cause disease. ho ... | 1980 | 7399688 |