| [protective measures against aids]. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has the same epidemiology and way of transmission as the hepatitis b virus (hbv). the hiv is destroyed by physical or chemical means easier than hbv and the hiv concentration in the blood is less than that of hbv. this fact leads us to the conclusion that there is the risk of transmission of hiv in the surgery but it is much less than that of hbv. consequently the protective measures taken for hbv in the surgery are adequate for the protection from hiv. eac ... | 1990 | 2130036 |
| viral hepatitis in hbsag-positive renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin and steroids. | this study reports clinical, serological and immunomorphological observations on viral hepatitis in 14 hbsag-positive renal transplanted patients treated with cyclosporin and steroids. eleven patients who were hbsag positive before transplantation developed signs of hepatitis. this was due to hbv in six cases and progressed into a mild chronic disease. the remaining five subjects lacked signs of hbv reactivation. the hepatitis, attributed to non-a non-b agents, recovered completely. two more pat ... | 1990 | 2130300 |
| helper independent recombinant adenovirus vectors: expression of hiv env or hbv surface antigen. | | 1990 | 2132880 |
| [blood transfusion. (2)]. | | 1990 | 2134277 |
| who strategy for the global elimination of new cases of hepatitis b. | hepatitis b infection and its sequelae remain major public health problems internationally despite the existence of sensitive tests to screen blood and blood products for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and immunogenic vaccines. since the human hepatitis b virus has no known animal reservoir, a systematic vaccination programme against hepatitis b, including vaccination of all newborns and young children within the framework of the who expanded programme on immunization, as well as protection ... | 1990 | 2139280 |
| [eradication of hepatitis b in portugal. a challenge within reach of the national health service]. | the aim of this work is to evaluate a major epidemiological problem--human hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection--in the world and in portugal--reinforcing who's view that it is a worldwide health problem. portugal is considered a risk area for hbv infection, with 30% of the population having had contact with the virus and 1 to 5% of chronic carriers (100 to 150,000 persons). deficient information, education and sanitary conditions aggravate the national situation, urging for official measures that ... | 1990 | 2140923 |
| [epidemiologic study of hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among dental surgeons in the alpes maritimes region]. | | 1990 | 2141418 |
| postexposure treatment of experimental dhbv infection: a new therapeutic strategy. | the therapeutic efficacy of antiviral agents for postexposure prophylaxis to hepadnavirus infection has been studied using acyclovir and foscarnet in the duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) model. a total of 112 pekin-aylesbury ducks were inoculated with dhbv at 11 days post-hatch. three days later, groups of these birds were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 10 days with acyclovir (25 mg/kg) or foscarnet (250 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline. serum samples were taken before, during, and u ... | 1990 | 2142501 |
| hla-linked immune suppression genes. | genetic control of immune response was investigated by family and population analyses in humans. it was first recognized that there are high responders and low or non responders to natural antigens in human population. family analysis revealed that low responsiveness to streptococcal cell wall antigen (scw) was inherited as an hla-linked dominant trait. cd8+ suppressor t cells existed in low responders and depletion of the cd8+ t cells from low responders could restore the strong immune response ... | 1990 | 2142511 |
| concepts of idiotype-based vaccines for hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1990 | 2149082 |
| [construction, expression and characterization of a murine/human chimeric antibody with specificity for hepatitis b surface antigen]. | a murine/human chimeric antibody with specificity for hepatitis b surface antigen has been produced by genetic engineering. the light and heavy chain variable region exons encoding the murine monoclonal antibody 2h1 were isolated and inserted into mammalian expression vectors containing the human kappa and gamma 1 constant region exons. the chimeric genes were transfected into murine sp2/0 hybridoma cells by electroporation, and transfectomas secreting chimeric antibody were isolated. secretion ... | 1990 | 2151688 |
| [evaluation of a molecular hybridization trial for the detection of circulating dna of hepatitis b virus. immunoclinical correlation]. | immunoclinical correlation of the hbv circulating dna was performed. the dna was detected by means of a hybridization technique set-up in fluid phase using a complementary dna probe labelled with 125i (abbott-genostics). the correlation was carried-out in 12 serum including 8 from known hbv carriers with or without liver disease. only the positive hbeag serum shown circulating viral dna in ranges between 60 to 2800 pcg/ml. the assay shows to be easy to perform, however the expensive cost plus th ... | 1990 | 2152258 |
| anti-hiv antibodies and other serological and immunological parameters among normal haitians in montreal. | a matched-pair, cross-sectional study of lymphocyte and serological parameters associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in 189 randomly chosen, ostensibly healthy adult haitian immigrants residing in montreal matched for sex, age (within 5 years), and neighborhood of residence to 189 non-haitian (caucasian) controls was done in 1983-1984. three years later (1986-1987), 41 of the haitian study subjects and 83 of the non-haitian controls participated in a follow-up study centered ... | 1990 | 2153200 |
| synthesis of hepadnavirus particles that contain replication-defective duck hepatitis b virus genomes in cultured huh7 cells. | to evaluate the possibility of producing transducible replication-defective hepadnaviruses, cloned mutant duck hepatitis b virus genomes were tested both for virus antigen production and viral dna synthesis following transfection into the human hepatoma cell line huh7. deletion of a cis-acting 12-nucleotide sequence implicated in viral dna synthesis, direct repeat 1 (dr1), resulted in the loss of ability to synthesize both mature viral dna and infectious virus. the delta dr1 mutant, however, pro ... | 1990 | 2153230 |
| the pres2/s region of integrated hepatitis b virus dna encodes a transcriptional transactivator. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is regarded as the main aetiologic factor in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), one of the most frequent fatal malignancies worldwide. detection of integrated hbv sequences in the cellular dna of almost all hccs studied, and the recent finding that the integrated hbv open reading frame (orf) x encodes a transactivating activity, supports the notion that integrated hbv dna could contribute to liver carcinogenesis by activation of cellular genes in tra ... | 1990 | 2153938 |
| transactivation by the hepatitis b virus x protein depends on ap-2 and other transcription factors. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv) x gene product (px) could be important in disease pathogenesis because it is known to transactivate transcription from many viral and cellular gene promoters, including the hbv core gene promoter, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) long terminal repeat, and the c-myc promoter. we have previously shown that only a subset of the promoters that can be transactivated by px is transactivated in any particular cell line, and have proposed that px acts through multiple ... | 1990 | 2154703 |
| implementing and evaluating a system of generic infection precautions: body substance isolation. | body substance isolation (bsi) is a system of infection precautions intended to reduce nosocomial transmission of infectious agents among patients and to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other infectious agents to health care personnel. harborview medical center in seattle, wash., was the first facility in the united states to implement the bsi system. between 1984 and 1988 a systematic evaluation of the implementation process was conducted ... | 1990 | 2156467 |
| transcriptional activation and repression by cellular dna-binding protein c/ebp. | a putative transcription factor, c/ebp, isolated from rat liver nuclei, has been shown to bind to at least two different sequence motifs: the ccaat promoter domain and a core sequence [gtgg(t/a)(t/a)(t/a)g] common to many viral enhancers, including simian virus 40 and human hepatitis b virus. it has been proposed that c/ebp might function as a positive transcription factor by facilitating the communication between promoter and enhancer elements through its dual binding activities to dna. surpris ... | 1990 | 2157040 |
| aetiology of icteric hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure in children and the possible predisposition to hepatic failure by sickle cell disease. | the aetiological agents of acute icteric hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure were investigated in 47 children less than 12 years of age presenting at our hospital during the period january to december 1987. hepatitis a virus was the aetiological agent in 72%, hepatitis b virus in 11%, cytomegalovirus in 2% and non a non b in 15%. these results confirm the endemicity of these viruses in the saudi population and that they can be contracted in early life and could lead to severe hepatitis. thre ... | 1990 | 2157327 |
| simultaneous vaccination for hepatitis a and b. | seronegative volunteers (15) were vaccinated at three 1-month intervals with a combined hepatitis a and b vaccine. the vaccine contained a killed hepatitis a vaccine made from hepatitis a virus (hav) propagated in diploid human fibroblast cell cultures and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) produced in yeast. after only one injection, all volunteers developed neutralizing antibodies for hav with antibody titers comparable to those found after gamma globulin administration. compared with the ant ... | 1990 | 2157770 |
| trans-complementation of the c gene of human and the p gene of woodchuck hepadnaviruses. | a 5 bp insertion was introduced into the bsteii site at nucleotide 2815 in dna of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and a mutant hbv genome was produced, which coded for envelope and core proteins, but not for dna polymerase, due to a frameshift. cultured hepatoma cells (hepg2) were simultaneously transfected with a plasmid harbouring a tandem dimer of the mutant hbv dna and another plasmid harbouring a tandem dimer of dna of woodchuck hepatitis virus or duck hepatitis b virus. the replication of mutant h ... | 1990 | 2157804 |
| differentiation-specific transcriptional regulation of the hepatitis b virus large surface antigen gene in human hepatoma cell lines. | the transcriptional activities of the four hepatitis b virus promoters were compared in three differentiated hepatoma cell lines, hepg2, hep3b, and plc/prf/5; a dedifferentiated subline of hepg2, hepg2.1; a human cervical carcinoma cell line, hela s3; and a mouse fibroblast cell line, nih 3t3. the plasmid constructs, which contain the complete hepatitis b virus genome directing the expression of the luciferase reporter gene, were analyzed by transient transfection assays. the relative orders of ... | 1990 | 2157890 |
| a trans-activator function is generated by integration of hepatitis b virus pres/s sequences in human hepatocellular carcinoma dna. | the x gene of wild-type hepatitis b virus or integrated dna has recently been shown to stimulate transcription of a variety of enhancers and promoters. to further delineate the viral sequences responsible for trans-activation in hepatomas, we cloned the single hepatitis b virus insert from human hepatocellular carcinoma dna m1. the plasmid pm1 contains 2004 base pairs of hepatitis b virus dna subtype adr, including truncated pres/s sequences and the enhancer element. the x promoter and 422 nucle ... | 1990 | 2158099 |
| hepatitis b virus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment of hbv carriers with phyllanthus amarus. | a viricide capable of eliminating hepatitis b virus (hbv) from chronic carriers should, theoretically, decrease the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. extracts of phyllanthus amarus have been shown to inhibit the dna polymerase of hbv and woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) in vitro. three of four recently infected whv carriers treated i.p. with p. amarus extract lost whv, animals infected for greater than or equal to 3 months showed a decrease in virus levels. preliminary results in human ca ... | 1990 | 2158192 |
| [diagnosis of acute hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus using in situ hybridization]. | a 50-year-old male without relevant past history was admitted because of fever lasting for 23 days. physical examination showed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly without other findings. laboratory studies only revealed mildly abnormal hepatic enzymes. the remaining investigations (markers, serologies, antinuclear antibodies, blood and urine cultures) were negative. chest and abdomen x-ray films were normal. in abdominal echogram a homogeneous liver without space occupying lesions was seen, and compu ... | 1990 | 2158606 |
| [human hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma]. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in man. the hbv genome is a circular partially double-stranded dna molecule of about 3.2 kb. the hbv genome contains four structural genes coding for the hbv envelope (hbsag) and core (hbcag/hbeag) proteins, endogenous dna-polymerase with the additional enzymatic activity of a reverse transcriptase and polypeptide x functioning as a trans-activator of cellular and viral genes. hbv dna integration in the genomes of h ... | 1990 | 2159110 |
| in vitro infection of human hepatoma (hepg2) cells with hepatitis b virus. | an in vitro system for production of hepatitis b virus (hbv) was established by infection of human hepatoma (hepg2) cells. hbv particles obtained from the serum of a chronic hepatitis b surface antigen (subtype ad) carrier were used to inoculate hepg2 cells. hbv envelope and core proteins were synthesized de novo by the infected cells and secreted into the medium 3 to 6 days postinfection. viral covalently closed circular dna, the putative template for viral rna transcription, accumulated in the ... | 1990 | 2159560 |
| [infection with hepatitis viruses hav, hbv and hcv as well as with aids virus hiv in drug addicts of the zurich street scene--a prevalence study]. | 382 i.v. drug abusers were tested for a past or ongoing infection with the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), the newly discovered c (hcv) and with the aids virus hiv. the cohort studied was representative for i.v. drug users of the zurich street scene including occasional users, weekend users and severe drug addicts. 56% of the drug users tested showed hbv markers. 21% had an ongoing infection. 32% were naturally hbv immune and 4% showed immunity due to vaccination. hav markers were detected i ... | 1990 | 2160123 |
| serum antibodies to hepatitis c virus in italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | antibodies against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) were detected in 60.8% of 78 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). cirrhosis, present in most of the patients, as well as alcohol abuse, age, sex, and alpha-fetoprotein were equally distributed in the anti-hcv-positive and -negative groups. hbsag positivity was significatively higher in negative anti-hcv group. by contrast, hepatitis b virus (hbv) antibodies were detected more frequently in positive anti-hcv patients than in the negative an ... | 1990 | 2160517 |
| detection of receptors for hepatitis b virus on cells of extrahepatic origin. | receptors for hepatitis b virus (hbv; subtype adw) were identified on the surface of human hepatoma hepg2 cells in earlier studies. the cell receptor binding site on hbv was assigned to the pres(21-47) region of the pres1 sequence of the envelope protein. studies presented here show that (1) amino acid residue replacements within the pres(21-47) sequence distinguishing hbv subtypes adw and ayw, preserve the binding capacity of the hbv env protein for hepg2 cell receptors; (2) the inhibition of b ... | 1990 | 2161145 |
| primary liver cancer--the potential for prevention and elimination. | primary liver cancer (plc) is one of the top ten cancers in the world, and a leading cause of cancer mortality in singapore and the asia pacific region. chronic hepatitis b infection accounts for at least 80% of primary hepatocellular cancer. other chemical carcinogens, such as aflatoxins, have been identified in foodstuffs and have also been found in the urine of normal human subjects. aflatoxin and other chemical carcinogens, e.g. alcohol, cigarettes, also pose serious risks of hepatocarcinoge ... | 1990 | 2161194 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and c viral markers in black and white patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the united states. | the recent cloning of the genome of a non-a, non-b hepatitis agent, designated the hepatitis c virus (hcv), has led to the development of an immunoassay for circulating hcv antibodies (anti-hcv). we used this immunoassay to investigate the possible association between hcv infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in black and white residents of los angeles county, california. serum samples from 51 patients (12 black and 39 white) in los angeles county with hepatocellular carcinoma and 128 control s ... | 1990 | 2161463 |
| new acquisitions in the chemotherapy of viral infections. | the development of new antiviral agents has gained increasing momentum. it has kept pace with the identification of specific sites ("targets") in the virus replicative cycle at which potential antiviral drug can interact. the current armamentarium of available antiviral drugs consists of amantadine and rimantadine (against influenza a), ribavirin (against respiratory syncytial virus infection), idoxuridine and trifluridine (against herpetic keratitis), vidarabine and acyclovir (against herpes si ... | 1990 | 2162118 |
| interaction between hepatitis b surface proteins and monomeric human serum albumin. | hbsag is known to bind to human serum albumin polymerized by glutaraldehyde, human serum albumin has been found in preparations of hbsag by several investigators. however, it is not yet known whether natural human serum albumin binds to hepatitis b virus under physiological conditions. we studied the binding between natural or recombinant hbsag and monomeric human serum albumin by immunological, biochemical and biophysical methods. the binding capacity of 20-nm hbs spheres was variable but range ... | 1990 | 2163967 |
| detection of integrated hepatitis b virus dna in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by nonradioactive in situ hybridization. | a sensitive and specific nonradioactive in situ hybridization method capable of detecting single-copy integrated hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna sequences in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) cell lines was developed. in situ hybridization of biotinylated hbv (adr, adw) dna probes with nine different human hcc cell lines were carried out in 96-well microtiter plates. integration was detected in hcc cell lines hccm, hep3b, huh-1, huh-4, and plc/prf/5. detection of single-copy hbv dna sequences was also ... | 1990 | 2164560 |
| hepadnaviruses in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepadnaviruses share properties of virion structure, genome structure and replication, epidemiologic behavior, and pathogenic effects, including an association with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). epidemiologic evidence implicating hepadnavirus infection in hcc includes the observation that the geographic distributions of hbv infection and hcc are similar, that the incidence of hcc is much higher in hepadnavirus infected than uninfected hosts, and that viral dna sequences are integrated in the c ... | 1990 | 2165515 |
| intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in the hepatocytes of humans and chimpanzees. | intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions (ccis) were observed in liver biopsy specimens taken from three patients and three chimpanzees. ccis are rare in human hepatocytes and have never been described in chimpanzees. all three human cases were connected with alcoholic liver disease; no viral infection was noted. the histologies of the two liver biopsy specimens obtained from healthy chimpanzees were normal, but hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection was demonstrated in the third case by immunohistoch ... | 1990 | 2166371 |
| latex and vinyl nonsterile examination gloves: status report on laboratory evaluation of defects by physical and biological methods. | we have reported previously (h. r. kotilainen, j. p. brinker, j. l. avato, and n. m. gantz, arch. intern. med. 149:2749-2753, 1989) that the quality of nonsterile examination gloves available for clinical use may be extremely variable. in view of the concern over human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus transmission to health care workers, the continuing variability of gloves available for use, and the need for a simple and safe test, we have evaluated 2,500 vinyl (five brands) and 2,0 ... | 1990 | 2166469 |
| the genome of hepatitis b virus contains a second enhancer: cooperation of two elements within this enhancer is required for its function. | previous studies have identified an enhancer (enhancer i) at nucleotides (nt) 1074 to 1234 in the genome of the human hepatitis b virus (hbv), which locates immediately upstream from the x gene. by analysis of the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by a heterologous simian virus 40 early promoter, we describe the identification of a second enhancer (enhancer ii) at nt 1636 to 1741, which locates downstream of enhancer i and immediately upstream of the core gene. with ... | 1990 | 2166817 |
| [verification of the safety, inoculability, reactogenicity and antigenic properties of a live recombinant smallpox-hepatitis b vaccine in an experiment in volunteers]. | trials of the first soviet live recombinant smallpox-hepatitis b vaccine (shbv) in volunteers (20 men aged 18-20 years) showed its safety, good "take"-rate, and lower reactogenicity as compared with the standard smallpox vaccine (livp strain). smallpox virus-neutralizing antibodies in response to shbv were produced as well as in response to the smallpox vaccine. revaccination of human subjects with smallpox vaccine and shbv 45 days after the previous vaccination resulted in antibody booster to v ... | 1990 | 2167564 |
| immunologic and virologic status of multitransfused thalassemic patients. | viral markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), immunoglobulins and complements, t-cell subpopulation antibodies (okt series) and mitogen responses have been investigated in 68 multitransfused thalassemic patients and in 46 age-matched children. results showed (1) 56 patients (82.4%) had been exposed to hbv; 29 patients (42.6%) had been exposed to cmv and none were hiv infection. (2) increased igg, iga, okial, and decreased c3, okt3, okt4, ... | 1990 | 2168312 |
| hepatitis c virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | a possible causative role for the recently discovered hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) was investigated by assay of sera from hcc patients in japan for antibodies to a recombinant hcv antigen and to hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigens. among the 253 hcc patients examined, 156 (61.7%) had no serum markers of either a previous or a current hbv infection (group i), 46 (18.2%) were negative for hbv surface antigen but positive for anti-hbv surface and/or anti ... | 1990 | 2168552 |
| allele loss on chromosome 16 associated with progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma. | loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16 is a common genetic alteration in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). to clarify the pathogenetic significance of allele loss on chromosome 16, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 70 surgically resected tumors by using 15 polymorphic dna markers for chromosome 16. loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16 was detected in 36 (52%) of 69 informative cases, and the common region of allele loss in these 36 tumors was located betwe ... | 1990 | 2168560 |
| corticosteroids stimulate hepatitis b virus dna, mrna and protein production in a stable expression system. | the effect of corticosteroids (dexamethasone) on hepatitis b virus was investigated in human hepatoblastoma cells stable transfected with recombinant hbv dna. dexamethasone was found to cause elevation of hbsag, hbeag and viral dna production. hbv poly(a)+ rna was significantly increased in cells treated with dexamethasone. furthermore, pulse labelled nuclear hbv rna was also stimulated by dexamethasone. these findings, suggest that corticosteroids enhance expression of viral gene products by st ... | 1990 | 2168915 |
| prevalence of antibody against non-a, non-b hepatitis virus in japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | antibodies against a possible causative agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis, hepatitis c virus (hcv), in japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system from ortho diagnostic systems, japan. fifty of 58 cases of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma were positive for the antibody (86%) and 8 of 42 cases of hbsag-positive hepatocellular carcinoma were positive (19%). among patients with hbsa ... | 1990 | 2169469 |
| lipid composition of hepatitis b virus surface antigen particles and the particle-producing human hepatoma cell lines. | more than 90% of lipids of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) particles produced by two human hepatoma cell lines (hugk-14 and plc/prf/5) were composed of phospholipids, with phosphatidylcholine being the dominant component, accounting for more than 80% of total membrane lipids. analysis of subclass compositions of phospholipids of hbsag particles and the host cell lines revealed that 1,2-diacyl glycerophosphocholine was preferentially incorporated into the membrane of the hbsag particles ... | 1990 | 2169517 |
| trans-activation of hla-dr gene by hepatitis b virus x gene product. | hepatocellular injury during hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection has been postulated to result from a human leukocyte antigen (hla)-restricted t-lymphocyte host immune response against hbv antigens. although hla expression is enhanced in the presence of hepatic inflammation, whether hbv itself can induce hla expression on infected hepatocytes is unknown. in this study, we demonstrate the induction of hla-dr expression on human hepatoma cell lines transfected with hbv dna sequences. the hbv x gene ... | 1990 | 2169620 |
| serologic classification of acute viral hepatitis at san lazaro hospital, manila, philippines. | sixty-four out of 189 jaundiced patients at san lazaro hospital were defined as acute viral hepatitis cases. of this number, 22 (34.4%) were positive for hepatitis a markers while 26 (40.6%) were positive for hepatitis b markers. hepatitis d infection accounted for 1.6%, while non-a, non-b hepatitis accounted for 21.9%. | 1990 | 2169652 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression in escherichia coli of cdna for a non-a, non-b hepatitis-associated microtubular aggregates protein. | a 1.7 kb cdna encoding a novel antigen (p44; apparent mr 44k) associated with non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis, was isolated from the hepatic cdna library of a chimpanzee infected with nanb hepatitis. the library was screened with a monoclonal antibody against this antigen. the cdna cloned contained an open reading frame encoding a 444 amino acid protein with an mr calculated to be 50,468. the cdna hybridized to a 1.9 kb mrna obtained from chimpanzee hepatocytes infected with either the nanb or hep ... | 1990 | 2170570 |
| antibodies to the rnase h domain of hepatitis b virus p protein are associated with ongoing viral replication. | antibodies against the rnase h domain of human hepatitis b virus p protein(s) are frequent markers of acute and chronic virus infection (t. weimer, k. weimer, z.-x. tu, m.-c. jung, g. r. pape, and h. will, j. immunol. 143:3750-3756, 1989). in the present study, these antibodies were determined in serial serum samples of experimentally infected chimpanzees and naturally infected human patients with acute and chronic hepatitis b virus infection. anti-p antibodies were found in the sera of both chi ... | 1990 | 2170693 |
| hepatitis b virus as an insertional mutagene in a human hepatocellular carcinoma. | chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is etiologically related to human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). most hccs contain integrated hbv dna in the liver cellular dna, suggesting that the integration may be involved in carcinogenesis. from a comparison of a single hbv integration site present in a hepatoma with the corresponding unoccupied site in the non-tumourous tissue of the same liver, we have shown that hbv dna inserted in a putative cellular exon with striking similarity to the dna-bi ... | 1990 | 2170809 |
| integration of hepatitis b virus dna and its implications for hepatocarcinogenesis. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna integrates into human hepatocyte dna. we have gathered the available data on the structure of the integrants from human hepatocellular carcinomas, and classified them into those that seem to represent primary integrants and those that are the products of secondary rearrangements. by means of structural analyses of the possible primary integrants, we deduced that the replication intermediates of the viral genome are the preferred substrates for integration. the integra ... | 1990 | 2170810 |
| [the production and characteristics of transgenic mice expressing the surface protein gene of the human hepatitis b virus]. | transgenic mice were obtained that contained a gene of human hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the integrated hbsag dna sequences were inherited in the normal mendelian fashion. 6 of 25 investigated transgenic mice expressed the hbsag. the expression was detected in the serum and within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. specific tissue pathology was shown in these animals, including systemic hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney parenchymatous cell elemen ... | 1990 | 2171172 |
| adenovirus infection induces amplification of persistent viral dna sequences (simian virus 40, hepatitis b virus, bovine papillomavirus) in human and rodent cells. | adenoviruses, types 2 and 12 induce amplification of sv40 dna sequences in cells of the sv40-transformed human newborn kidney cell line, nb-e. similarly, integrated hepatitis b virus dna sequences in the human hepatoma cell line, plc/*prf/5, and bovine papillomavirus (bpv) dna sequences in bpv-transformed mouse cells (id13) are amplified by adenovirus infection. thus, similar to herpes group or vaccinia viruses or dna damaging agents, adenoviruses are able to mediate selective dna amplification ... | 1990 | 2171240 |
| different type of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna integrants that may reflect the integration process. | through analyses of hbv dna integratns in human cellular dna, we identified three different integrant types, each of which may reflect the process of primary integrant formation by the viral dna. the first type, which we call "simple type" consists of integrants found in some hepatocellular carcinomas (hcc's). the structure of the viral genome is simple, and part of it is deleted. the viral cohesive end sequence appears at one of the viral-cellular dna junctions, and integration has elicited a m ... | 1990 | 2172069 |
| integrated structures of hbv dna in chronic hepatitis and hepatoma tissues. | cellular dnas of chronically hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected human livers were analysed by southern blot hybridization for the presence of integrated hbv dna. in 15 out of 16 tissue samples, random hbv dna integration was evident. by molecular cloning and structural analyses of 19 integrants from 3 chronic hepatitis tissues, rearrangement of hbv dna with inverted duplication or translocation of cellular flanking dna at the virus-cell junction was noted. thus, the rearrangement of hbv dna or cel ... | 1990 | 2172070 |
| integration of hepatitis virus dna near c-myc in woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma. | a total of 33 hepatocellular carcinomas, induced in woodchucks by chronic infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv), a virus closely related to the human hepatitis b virus, were analyzed for the state of viral dna, the expression of viral genes and of different cellular proto-oncogenes. low levels of viral replication and presence of integrated viral forms including sequences of the enhancer element, appeared as a general rule in these tumors. enhanced expression of one or more of the nucle ... | 1990 | 2172071 |
| iatrogenic contamination of multidose vials in simulated use. a reassessment of current patient injection technique. | an investigation of the potential spread of iatrogenic infections through contaminated multidose vials was performed. contamination of a multidose vial was hypothesized to occur after a single syringe is used to inject an infected patient with medication, and the same syringe subsequently is used to withdraw additional medication from the multidose vial. if the contaminated multidose vial is used for another patient, an iatrogenic infection may be spread. laboratory study of this injection techn ... | 1990 | 2173497 |
| expression and secretion of pres containing hepatitis b surface antigen in vaccinia virus system. | the expression and secretion of pres containing hepatitis b surface antigen in vaccinia virus system was investigated. the human tk- 143 cells were infected with the recombinant vaccinia viruses vtms-1 or vtls-1. cells infected with vtms-1, which contains the pres2 + s gene, produced pres2 containing middle hbsag proteins. similarly, cells produced pres1 containing large hbsag proteins upon infection with vtls-1, which carries the pres1 + pres2 + s gene. the expression products could be secreted ... | 1990 | 2173617 |
| binding sites in mammalian genes and viral gene regulatory regions recognized by methylated dna-binding protein. | methylated dna-binding protein (mdbp), a ubiquitous mammalian protein, recognizes a variety of related dna sequences. some of these sequences require methylation of their cpg dinucleotides for binding and others do not. we report that mdbp binds, in a dna methylation-independent fashion, to two sites in the mouse polyomavirus enhancer, one in the enhancer of the human hepatitis b virus, and to one in the long terminal repeat of equine infectious anemia proviral dna. we have also found a number o ... | 1990 | 2173824 |
| [analysis for the integrated hepatitis b virus genome in cells of established human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line jhh-7]. | authors have successfully established 7 human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) cell lines. in one of these cell lines, jhh-7, derived from hbs antigen positive hcc, hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome was analyzed by southern blot hybridization. digesting with hind iii restriction endonuclease, two bands were obtained at 6.0 and 2.5 kb, that is the integration of hbv genome was confirmed at the two sites of chromosomes in this cell line. and analyzing with 32p labeled hbv-dna fragments for probes, it w ... | 1990 | 2174476 |
| increased cell division as a cause of human cancer. | carcinogenesis research is increasingly focused on chemicals that are not genotoxic and yet, at high doses, can induce cancer, apparently by increasing cell proliferation. we hypothesize that increased cell division per se stimulated by external or internal factors is also associated with the development of many human cancers. although this hypothesis is well substantiated in the experimental literature, it has not been generalized as an important mechanism for carcinogenesis in human population ... | 1990 | 2174724 |
| antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides inhibit the expression of the gene for hepatitis b virus surface antigen. | the effect of a series of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide [oligo(dn)] on the expression of the surface antigen (hbsag) gene of human hepatitis b virus (hbv) was examined using hepatocellular carcinoma cells that contain integrated hbv genomes. of a number of antisense oligo(dn)s tested, synthetic 15-mers directed at the cap site of mrna and regions of the translational initiation site of the hbsag gene were found to be highly effective and inhibited viral gene expression by as much as 96%. th ... | 1990 | 2177093 |
| hepadnaviruses, their infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. | ten years ago hepatitis b virus (hbv) was thought to be a unique virus, not included in any known family of viruses. following the discovery of a number of hbv-like viruses that infect birds and mammals, the existence of a new family known as hepadnaviridae has been confirmed. hepadnaviruses are small hepatotropic viruses that have a characteristic partially double stranded genome, exhibit a narrow host range and replicate by reverse transcription. the family currently comprises six viruses of w ... | 1990 | 2178194 |
| randomised controlled trial of recombinant human interferon -alpha a for chronic active hepatitis b. | the efficacy of interferon treatment for australian patients with chronic active hepatitis b (cah-b) was assessed by a three-centre randomised controlled trial in sydney and brisbane. thirty patients (29 with histologically-proven cah-b with and without cirrhosis and one with chronic persistent hepatitis) were allocated to receive either thrice weekly intramuscular injections of recombinant human leucocyte interferon -alpha a (either 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 million units/m2) for six months followed by ... | 1990 | 2181991 |
| the dna polymerase from the archaebacterium sulfolobus acidocaldarius: a thermophilic and thermoresistant enzyme which can perform automated polymerase chain reaction. | a dna polymerase purified from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium sulfolobus acidocaldarius was used to perform automated dna amplification at 70 degrees c as well as site directed mutagenesis by polymerase chain reaction (p.c.r.). the yield of amplification performed at optimum mgcl2 concentration for the taq or the s. acidocaldarius dna polymerase, for the same dna target, was equivalent. the ability of s. acidocaldarius dna polymerase to perform p.c.r. under less stringent requirement of m ... | 1990 | 2182028 |
| hepatitis b virus infection and health care workers. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is the major occupational risk of health care workers, among whom hbv infection risk is 2 to 10-fold elevated above that of the general population. risk is most clearly related to the degree of direct contact with human blood and body fluids, and to frequency of traumatic exposures in the workplace. most exposures result from unsuspected asymptomatic hbv carriers, who represent 1 to 2% of hospitalized patients. risk of hbv infection also varies with the frequenc ... | 1990 | 2183512 |
| hepatitis b: transmission by sexual contact and needle sharing. | in the western world most cases of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection are acquired through sexual intercourse and through needle sharing by intravenous drug users (ivdu). the major risk factors for hbv infection in homosexual men include the number of sex partners and receptive anal intercourse. in heterosexuals, this risk also rises with an increasing number of sex partners. ivdu consistently show the highest hbv infection rates in europe and north america, presently accounting for 25 to 50% of ... | 1990 | 2183516 |
| the role of receptor kinase in insulin action and the effects of insulin on human hepatoma cells. | insulin has both short- and long-term effects on cellular metabolism. the short-term effects are known to involve the insulin receptor, a protein kinase capable of phosphorylating itself and other proteins. the role of the receptor was elucidated by studies of a mutant insulin receptor which lacked kinase activity and inhibited several actions of insulin. the long-term effects of insulin could be demonstrated by its growth-promoting effect on hepatoma cells, and by the suppression in transfected ... | 1990 | 2184955 |
| hiv, hbv, delta-agent and treponema pallidum infections in two rural african areas. | in order to compare the seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus, delta agent and treponema pallidum infections in two rural populations living in north uganda (kitgum district) and in central burundi (butezi, ruyigi region), 448 sera were tested for hbs-ag, hbs-ab, and anti-hiv antibodies and screened for syphilis using the t. pallidum haemagglutination (tpha) test. hbs-ag positive sera were also tested for anti-delta antibodies. overall seropositivity rates in ... | 1990 | 2189236 |
| transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by hepatitis b virus x-protein requires de novo protein synthesis. | human hepatitis b virus (hbv) x-gene, previously shown to be capable of trans-activating heterologous regulatory elements of the human beta-interferon gene, the human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1) long terminal repeat (ltr), the simian virus 40 (sv40), and hbv, has the capacity to code for a 17-kda polypeptide (designated px17). we now report that px17 synthesized in escherichia coli can activate transcription controlled by the hiv-1 ltr using a protoplast fusion technique. protoplasts o ... | 1990 | 2191500 |
| sexual transmission efficiency of hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus among homosexual men. | the relative sexual transmission efficiency of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was investigated by a prospective study of homosexual men in pittsburgh, pa, from the multicenter aids cohort study. during the 30-month follow-up, 19.8% and 7.8% of the initially seronegative hbv and hiv-1 groups were estimated to seroconvert to hbv and hiv-1, respectively. the significantly higher cumulative hbv seroconversion rate occurred despite a much lower prevalence of h ... | 1990 | 2192096 |
| hepatitis b virus x protein produced in escherichia coli is biologically functional. | the hepatitis b virus x gene product trans activates transcription from a variety of viral and cellular regulatory elements. we expressed the complete, nonfused x protein in escherichia coli and showed it to be active in trans activating a human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-linked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. | 1990 | 2196386 |
| s-antigen: from gene to autoimmune uveitis. | retinal s-antigen (s-ag) is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune uveitis (eau) in laboratory animals. eau may serve as an animal model for studying human uveitis. as a first step we have determined the nucleotide sequence of an s-ag gene and its cdnas. the amino acid sequences were deduced from the cdnas of various animals and human. four uveitopathogenic sites in bovine s-ag were characterized. one of the sites (peptide m) has sequence homology with non-self proteins from baker's yeast, ... | 1990 | 2197111 |
| immunology of hepatitis b virus infection. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is believed widely to be noncytopathic in its natural host, man, although this may not be true in animal models, for example the transgenic mouse where expression of hbsag is associated with the onset of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. the basis for this belief is simply that in the earlier stages of chronic hbv infection, when viral replication is most efficient, 'patients' remains asymptomatic and a liver biopsy reveals no evidence of inflammation or paren ... | 1990 | 2198991 |
| delta hepatitis. the disease and the virus. | delta hepatitis virus is a new human pathogen always found associated with hepatitis b virus (hbv) causing both fulminant hepatitis and the accelerated progression of pre-existing hbv hepatitis. the virus is coated in hbsag and contains circular single stranded rna genome with very high intramolecular base-pairing, similar to the genomes of plant viroids, and the hdv antigen, a specific marker of hdv infection also found in the nuclei of infected hepatocytes. the genome is about 1700 nucleotides ... | 1990 | 2198992 |
| [diagnosis of type b hepatitis]. | since 1965, when blumberg discovered the australia antigen, the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), the research on viral hepatitis has rapidly progressed. the identification of specific hepatitis b associated antigens and antibodies in blood, and liver tissue, together with the improvement of detection systems, have enhanced our knowledge about the mechanism of liver injury and the natural history of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. now it has been recognized that hbv has no direct cytopathi ... | 1990 | 2199706 |
| sexual assault and sexually transmitted diseases: detection and management in adults and children. | sexual assault is a frequently occurring violent crime. sexually transmitted diseases (stds) may be acquired during assault. reported rates of gonorrhea and syphilis in adult victims range from 6% to 12% and from 0% to 3%, respectively. the risk of acquiring other stds cannot be quantified, although the risk of infection with chlamydia trachomatis appears highest. in abused children, gonococcal and chlamydial infections are the most frequent findings. in both adults and children, postassault inf ... | 1990 | 2201079 |
| sexual transmission efficiency of hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus among homosexual men. | | 1990 | 2205448 |
| [transgenic mice as models for human diseases]. | | 1990 | 2218352 |
| [the risk of exposure to hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency virus among employees at norwegian hospitals]. | during the period from 1986 to 1989 a study was carried out to determine the risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus among approximately 5,500 employees at aker hospital, ullevål hospital and "sentralsykehuset" in akershus. four hundred and fourteen injuries were reported during the study period of approximately 16,800 man-years, corresponding to an injury rate of 2.4/100 man-years. the majority of injuries occurred during direct patient contact in the ... | 1990 | 2219036 |
| expression pattern of the hepatitis b virus genome in transfected mouse fibroblasts. | permanent mouse fibroblast ltk- cells were transfected with dimeric hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna linked to the simian virus 40 (sv40) early promoter/enhancer. many clones stably expressed high levels of polyadenylated rnas encoding hepatitis b surface (hbs) proteins (2.1 kb), hbe protein (3.6 kb), and hbx protein (0.6 kb). although a chimeric rna (4.0 kb) probably starting from the sv40 promoter was also synthesized, transcription of viral rnas was predominantly directed by hbv promoters and its ... | 1990 | 2219724 |
| replication of hepatitis b virus in transfected nonhepatic cells. | permanent murine fibroblasts (ltk-) were transfected with a dimer of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna and a neomycin resistance gene which were both linked to the simian virus 40 (sv40) early promoter/enhancer. one of the stably transfected clones, ltk4/36, which secreted hbsag, hbeag, and hbv dna was further analyzed. it contained eight to nine copies of integrated hbv dna per haploid genome and low amounts of episomal hbv dna. the secreted viral dna was covalently linked to protein and was associat ... | 1990 | 2219725 |
| selective inhibition of hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus sequence-promoted gene expression by cotransfected poly(i):poly(c). | the transient expression of hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface and "ej" antigens caused by transfection of human hepatoblastoma hepg2 cells with hbv dna was markedly inhibited by cotransfection with poly(i):poly(c). cotransfection with poly(i):poly(c) also inhibited the expression of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene which was under the control of either the hbv core promoter or the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) long terminal repeat. this inhibition was much more pronoun ... | 1990 | 2219731 |
| serological analysis of duck hepatitis b virus infection. | a radioimmunoassay was developed to detect duck hepatitis b virus surface antigen and antibody; viraemia (dhbv dna or dhbsag) was detected in all ducks inoculated within 3 weeks post-hatch, and persistent infection developed in 93% of birds in this group. in contrast, only 80% and 60% of ducks inoculated 4- and 6-weeks post-hatch respectively developed viraemia, and approximately 70% of the viraemic ducks became carriers. markers of viraemia were undetected in ducks inoculated 8 weeks post-hatch ... | 1990 | 2220071 |
| toxoplasmic chorioretinitis and hepatic granulomas. | a 71-yr-old male presented with a 2-month history of fever, malaise, and weight loss. physical exam revealed chorioretinitis. laboratory studies were notable for elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. immunoglobulin g antibody to toxoplasma gondii was positive to a dilution of 1:4096, whereas serologic studies for hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, human immunodeficiency vir ... | 1990 | 2220741 |
| viral oncogenesis and the immune system. | oncogenic transformation of normal cells and the establishment of transformed cells to form malignant tumors is a complex, multistep process influenced by viruses in multiple ways. the relationship between viruses and the immune system manifests itself, in part, through various roles of viruses in transformation of host cells, including cells of the immune system. a large number of viruses participate in oncogenic transformation of cells in many animal species. candidates for oncogenic transform ... | 1990 | 2224909 |
| screening for new agents. | screening for new antiviral drugs is concentrated on a search for inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus, herpesviruses, influenza virus, hepatitis b virus and rhinovirus. the first step in the process is usually the screening of virus-infected cell cultures followed by secondary screening in infected animals. the relevance of the different screening methods for predicting clinical efficacy is at present uncertain due to the low number of compounds evaluated in double-blind placebo-contr ... | 1990 | 2226474 |
| reactivation of hepatitis b virus in a previously immune patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1990 | 2226503 |
| hepatitis b virus dna detection and comparison with hepatitis b surface antigen. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) has been used for the detection of hepatitis b virus (hbv). recently, hbv detection using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been shown to be a direct measure of complete virions and to be potentially a very sensitive method. therefore, we attempted to analyze the relationship between hbsag detection and hbv dna assay by pcr. we tested hbv dna by a modification of the pcr technique in serial sera from five chimpanzees experimentally infected with hbv and ... | 1990 | 2227267 |
| hepatitis a, b, c, d and e viruses: structure of their genomes and general properties. | hepatitis a virus is an enteric picornavirus. its genome is a single stranded rna molecule of positive-strand polarity of 7478 bases. this sequence codes for a polyprotein which is processed to give rise to viral proteins vp-1, vp-2, vp-3 and others. hepatitis b virus, a major worldwide infectious and cancer promoting agent contains a dna genome of 3226 base pairs that replicates by a reverse transcriptase via an rna intermediate. extensive sequencing and expression experiments have revealed fou ... | 1990 | 2227269 |
| high expression of multinucleated giant cells in cultures of peripheral blood cells from hiv infected patients. | multinucleated giant cells (mgcs) were detected in cell lines established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with: (a) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and lymphadenopathy syndrome (las), (b) chronic active hepatitis (cah), (c) papular acrodermatitis (pa) negative for hepatitis b virus antigens but positive for ebv, and (d) epidermolysis bullosa acquisita positive for ebv. all the cell lines established, including those established from aids and las patients, were examined fo ... | 1990 | 2227616 |
| risk reduction through testing, screening and infection control precautions--with special emphasis on needlestick injuries. | transmission of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pose substantial risks to institutional healthcare employees working with blood. while the risk of contracting hepatitis b in the hospital setting is much greater than the probability of acquiring hiv, the cost of treating the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)--if it develops--is much greater in both dollars and human suffering. in addition to the risks posed by the presence of hiv infection in the hospita ... | 1990 | 2230047 |
| hepatitis b virus propagated in a rat hepatoma cell line is infectious in a primate model. | the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) produced by a rat hepatoma cell line through transfection with hbv dna is infectious in the human primate model--chimpanzee. since hepadnaviruses are known to have an extremely narrow host range, our results support the idea that the host species barrier of hbv infection resides on the penetration/adsorption step rather than any postpenetration intracellular event during the virus life cycle. | 1990 | 2238476 |
| alternative splicing of hepatitis b virus rnas in hepg2 cells transfected with the viral dna. | we identified a novel spliced rna of 2.6 kb from a human hepatoma cell line hepg2 transfected with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome. the splicing acceptor site of the novel 2.6-kb rna (position 489) was shown to be common to that of the previously described 2.1-kb spliced rna which codes for an altered core antigen lacking the carboxy-terminal amino acid, cysteine. however, the donor site of the 2.6-kb rna is different from any of the spliced rna reported and located at 538 nucleotides (nt) do ... | 1990 | 2238478 |
| association of hepatitis b surface antigen and core antibody with acquisition and manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. | we examined the associations between seropositivity for hepatitis b virus (hbv) with the presence or development of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) and with hiv-1 induced t-helper lymphocyte deficiency or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). serologic data on hbv and hiv-1, cytometric enumeration of cd4+ lymphocytes, clinical events (aids by centers for disease control criteria) and hepatitis b vaccination histories were available on 4,498 homosexual participants in the ... | 1990 | 2240333 |
| mutational analysis of enhancer domains responsive to trans-activation by the x gene of human hepatitis b virus. | the x gene product of human hepatitis b virus (hbv) trans-activates the hbv enhancer. in order to identify domains responsive to trans-activation by the x gene, we introduced a series of mutations into the hbv enhancer and assayed the enhancer activities in the presence of the x gene product. our results suggest that the ep domain of the enhancer is essential for trans-activation by the x gene. | 1990 | 2241574 |
| hepatitis b virus transactivator x protein is not tumorigenic in transgenic mice. | the hepatitis b virus x protein acts as a transcriptional transactivator in vitro. to elucidate possible biological effects of x protein on liver cells in vivo, we generated four lines of transgenic mice carrying the x gene open reading frame under the control of the human alpha-1-antitrypsin regulatory region. the plasmid construct used to introduce the transgene was shown to encode a 16-kda x protein with transactivating capability. the expression of x protein was detectable in liver tissue of ... | 1990 | 2243380 |
| the arginine-rich domain of hepatitis b virus precore and core proteins contains a signal for nuclear transport. | precore and core proteins are two related co-carboxy-terminal proteins of hepatitis b virus. precore protein contains the entire sequence of core protein plus an amino-terminal extension of 29 amino acid residues. both proteins can display a common antigenic determinant known as core antigen (hbcag). clinically, hbcag is detected in the nucleus, cytoplasm, or both of hepatitis b virus-infected hepatocytes. in order to understand the mechanism that regulates nuclear transport of hbcag, various po ... | 1990 | 2243390 |
| pediatric hbsag chronic liver disease and adult asymptomatic carrier status: two stages of the same entity. | unlike adults (greater than 60% of cases), it is rare to find the chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) carrier status with normal transaminases among children. the aim of this study was to investigate whether this status would depend on the duration of hbv infection, that is, whether chronic hepatitis in childhood would lead to the asymptomatic carrier status in later life. we reexamined all of our patients with chronic hbv infection of greater than 10 years' duration and with histologically document ... | 1990 | 2246722 |