| genetic mutations potentially cause two novel ncf1 splice variants up-regulated in the mammary gland, blood and neutrophil of cows infected by escherichia coli. | neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (ncf1) plays a crucial role in host defense against microbial pathogens. in this study, we investigated the potential alternative splicing patterns, expression and splice-relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the bovine ncf1 gene to increase insights into its potential role against bovine mastitis caused by escherichia coli infection. using rt-pcr and clone sequencing methods, we found two novel splice variants designed as ncf1-tv1 (retained intron 6) a ... | 2015 | 25946326 |
| minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobials against escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes of bovine uterine origin. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 9 antimicrobials for isolates of 2 common bovine intrauterine bacterial pathogens, escherichia coli (n=209) and trueperella pyogenes (n=35), were determined using broth microdilution methodology. the isolates were recovered from dairy cows from 7 herds postpartum using the cytobrush technique. the pathogens were initially identified using phenotypic techniques. additionally, pcr was used to confirm the identity of t. pyogenes isolates and to categorize ... | 2015 | 25935246 |
| acute mammary and liver transcriptome responses after an intramammary escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge in postpartal dairy cows. | the study investigated the effect of an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge on the bovine mammary and liver transcriptome and its consequences on metabolic biomarkers and liver tissue composition. at 7 days of lactation, 7 cows served as controls (ctr) and 7 cows (lps) received an intramammary escherichia coli lps challenge. the mammary and liver tissues for transcriptomic profiling were biopsied at 2.5 h from challenge. liver composition was evaluated at 2.5 h and 7 days after chall ... | 2015 | 25921778 |
| subclinical mastitis disrupts oocyte cytoplasmic maturation in association with reduced developmental competence and impaired gene expression in preimplantation bovine embryos. | subclinical chronic mastitis was induced to examine the effects on oocyte developmental competence. uninfected holstein cows were intramammary administrated with serial (every 48h for 20 days) low doses of toxin of staphylococcus aureus origin (gram-positive; g+), endotoxin of escherichia coli origin (gram-negative; g-) or sterile saline (control). follicular fluid of toxin- and saline-treated cows was aspirated from preovulatory follicles and used as maturation medium. oocytes harvested from ov ... | 2015 | 25891636 |
| [on the occurence of extended-spectrum- and ampc-beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in livestock: results of selected european studies]. | extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl) and plasmid-encoded cephamycinase (pampc) producing escherichia (e.) coli in livestock farms have recently been matter of growing scientific and public concern. this article summarises selected european studies which focus on the prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of such resistant e. coli isolates in livestock farms. due to the different methodologies used in these studies, they cannot be compared directly; nonetheless, the overall p ... | 2015 | 25868168 |
| molecular cloning and characterization, and prokaryotic expression of the gnrh1 gene obtained from jinghai yellow chicken. | the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) plays an important role in the control of reproductive functions. recent studies have reported the occurrence of gnrh molecular variants in numerous species. in this study, the gnrh1 gene from jinghai yellow chicken was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and transformed into bl21 (de3) competent cells. the gnrh1 gene and amino acid sequences were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. the gnrh1 gene nucleotide sequence was discovered ... | 2015 | 25867433 |
| public health investigation of two outbreaks of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 associated with consumption of watercress. | an increase in the number of cases of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157 phage type 2 (pt2) in england in september 2013 was epidemiologically linked to watercress consumption. whole-genome sequencing (wgs) identified a phylogenetically related cluster of 22 cases (outbreak 1). the isolates comprising this cluster were not closely related to any other united kingdom strain in the public health england wgs database, suggesting a possible imported source. a second outbreak of stec ... | 2015 | 25841005 |
| associations between intrauterine bacterial infection, reproductive tract inflammation, and reproductive performance in pasture-based dairy cows. | reproductive tract bacterial infections, particularly those caused by escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes, can have a negative impact on reproductive performance. it has been hypothesized that the presence of e coli early postpartum may increase the risk of isolation of t pyogenes later postpartum. the objective of the present study was to examine associations between intrauterine bacterial infections with e coli and t pyogenes and any bacterial growth (irrespective of bacterial species), ... | 2015 | 25801340 |
| efficacy of enrofloxacin for the treatment of acute clinical mastitis caused by escherichia coli in dairy cows. | evidence for the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments in escherichia coli mastitis is limited. the aim of this double-blinded field trial was to investigate the efficacy of enrofloxacin compared with placebo, with a special focus on survival, in dairy cows with acute clinical mastitis caused by e. coli. dairy cows (n=116) with acute clinical mastitis were included in the study. a clinical examination was performed and a milk sample from the affected udder quarter was collected for investigation ... | 2015 | 25724541 |
| reduction of lactobacillus in the milks of cows with subclinical mastitis. | clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis are the most frequent diseases encountered on dairy farms worldwide, which cause significant economic loss and veterinary cost. the mastitic disease status is associated with increases in both milk bacterial pathogens and somatic cell count (scc). although it is well established that the mastitic pathogens generally correlate with the milk scc, to our knowledge, the correlation between the probiotic genus, lactobacillus, and the mastitic causative bacteri ... | 2015 | 25711409 |
| mediation analysis to estimate direct and indirect milk losses due to clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. | milk losses associated with mastitis can be attributed to either effects of pathogens per se (i.e., direct losses) or effects of the immune response triggered by intramammary infection (indirect losses). the distinction is important in terms of mastitis prevention and treatment. regardless, the number of pathogens is often unknown (particularly in field studies), making it difficult to estimate direct losses, whereas indirect losses can be approximated by measuring the association between increa ... | 2015 | 25638330 |
| characterization of persistent and transient escherichia coli isolates recovered from clinical mastitis episodes in dairy cows. | escherichia coli usually cause transient intramammary infections in dairy cows, but persistent intramammary infections have been observed. the objective of the study was to compare antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes found in persistent and transient e. coli isolated from clinical mastitis cases in a cohort of 91 canadian dairy herds monitored over a 2-year period. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution and the presence of 27 virulence genes associated with e ... | 2015 | 25631255 |
| elevated plasma haptoglobin concentrations following parturition are associated with elevated leukocyte responses and decreased subsequent reproductive efficiency in multiparous holstein dairy cows. | the objectives were to describe the relationship between the intensity of the acute phase response and the metabolic status and leukocyte responses of early postpartum, multiparous cows and determine if subsequent reproductive performance was impaired in cows with a greater acute phase response. peripheral blood was collected from 240 holstein cows, 2-8 days in milk and 2nd-8th parity from 8 dairies in western tx and eastern nm across 5 days (n=6 cows/dairy/day). plasma concentrations of haptogl ... | 2015 | 25613776 |
| prevalence of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance among commensal escherichia coli derived from dairy and beef cattle. | cattle is a reservoir of potentially pathogenic e. coli, bacteria that can represent a significant threat to public health, hence it is crucial to monitor the prevalence of the genetic determinants of virulence and antimicrobial resistance among the e. coli population. the aim of this study was the analysis of the phylogenetic structure, distribution of virulence factors (vfs) and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among e. coli isolated from two groups of healthy cattle: 50 cows housed in t ... | 2015 | 25607605 |
| effects of dexamethasone and mycoplasma bovis on bovine neutrophil function in vitro. | it is well established that exposure either to elevated levels of glucocorticoids, or to mycoplasma bovis (m. bovis), has a negative effect on bovine neutrophil function. the objective of this research was to determine whether in vitro treatment of bovine neutrophils by m. bovis strains (n=4) and glucocorticoids would additively impair phagocyte function. twenty, healthy, dairy cows were enrolled. whole blood was collected from all cows for neutrophil isolation. phagocytosis and the generation o ... | 2015 | 25593042 |
| airborne dissemination of escherichia coli in a dairy cattle farm and its environment. | there are multiple ways bacteria can be transported from its origin to another area or substrate. water, food handlers, insects and other animals are known to serve as a vehicle for bacterial dispersion. however, the importance of the air in open areas as a possible way of bacterial dissemination has not been so well analyzed. in this study, we investigated the airborne dissemination of escherichia coli from the inside of a dairy cattle farm to the immediate environment. the air samples were tak ... | 2015 | 25555228 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of proteins expression changes in the mammary tissue of cows infected with escherichia coli mastitis. | cows infected with escherichia (e.) coli usually experience severe clinical symptoms, including damage to mammary tissues, reduced milk yield, and altered milk composition. in order to investigate the host response to e. coli infection and discover novel markers for mastitis treatment, mammary tissue samples were collected from healthy cows and bovines with naturally occurring severe e. coli mastitis. changes of mammary tissue proteins were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ... | 2015 | 25549220 |
| prevalence of carriage of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serotypes o157:h7, o26:h11, o103:h2, o111:h8, and o145:h28 among slaughtered adult cattle in france. | the main pathogenic enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains are defined as shiga toxin (stx)-producing e. coli (stec) belonging to one of the following serotypes: o157:h7, o26:h11, o103:h2, o111:h8, and o145:h28. each of these five serotypes is known to be associated with a specific subtype of the intimin-encoding gene (eae). the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bovine carriers of these “top five” stec in the four adult cattle categories slaughtered in france. ... | 2015 | 25527532 |
| co-infection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli in bovine mastitis--three cases reported from india. | emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bovine mastitis pathogens is the major cause of frequent therapeutic failure and a cause of concern for veterinary practitioners. this study describes intra-mammary infection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli in two holstein friesian crossbred cows with subclinical mastitis and one non-descript cow with clinic ... | 2015 | 25444074 |
| dynamics of uterine infections with escherichia coli, streptococcus uberis and trueperella pyogenes in post-partum dairy cows and their association with clinical endometritis. | the diversity and dynamics of the uterine microbiota of dairy cows are poorly understood although it is becoming increasingly evident that they play a crucial role in the development of metritis and endometritis. fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy was used to monitor the bovine microbiota of 40 cows on the day of calving and days 3, 9, 15, and 21 after parturition, and to investigate the associations of selected species with clinical endometritis (ce). trueperella pyogenes (43.5%), e ... | 2014 | 25439441 |
| changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous holstein dairy cows during early lactation. | the objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during imi challenge with escherichia coli ( e. coli ) for dairy cows during early lactation. thirty, healthy primiparous holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live e. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h rela ... | 2014 | 25368807 |
| glucose transport and milk secretion during manipulated plasma insulin and glucose concentrations and during lps-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | in dairy cows, glucose is essential as energy source and substrate for milk constituents. the objective of this study was to investigate effects of long-term manipulated glucose and insulin concentrations in combination with a lps-induced mastitis on mrna abundance of glucose transporters and factors involved in milk composition. focusing on direct effects of insulin and glucose without influence of periparturient endocrine adaptations, 18 dairy cows (28 ± 6 weeks of lactation) were randomly ass ... | 2015 | 25319117 |
| dynamics of bacteriologic and cytologic changes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to characterize clinical, intrauterine, bacteriologic and cytologic changes during the first month after parturition in healthy dairy cows and in cows with subclinical endometritis (se) or clinical endometritis (ce). furthermore, risk factors related to clinical bacteriologic and cytologic findings were determined. a total of 170 calvings were enrolled, and intrauterine samples were collected on days 0, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 28 postpartum using the cytobrush techniq ... | 2014 | 25270027 |
| short communication: relationship between natural antibodies and postpartum uterine health in dairy cows. | postpartum uterine diseases of dairy cows compromise animal welfare and may result in early removal from the herd or impaired reproductive performance. the relationship between poor immune status around calving and uterine diseases is well established; however, that between natural antibodies (nab) and uterine health has not yet been studied. the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of circulating nab levels around parturition with puerperal metritis, clinical endometritis, an ... | 2014 | 25262191 |
| modulation of innate immune function and phenotype in bred dairy heifers during the periparturient period induced by feeding an immunostimulant for 60 days prior to delivery. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a feed additive (omnigen-af(®), reported to have immune modulating activity) on innate immunity and health events during the periparturient period in dairy heifers when immunity is suppressed. from 60 days prepartum through calving, supplemented heifers (n=20) received omnigen-af(®) daily and were compared with unsupplemented controls (n=20). blood leukocyte innate immune activity (phenotype markers, phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen ... | 2014 | 25219783 |
| pathogen-specific incidence rate of clinical mastitis in flemish dairy herds, severity, and association with herd hygiene. | a one-year survey on clinical mastitis was conducted on 50 randomly selected commercial flemish dairy herds to estimate the pathogen-specific incidence rate of clinical mastitis (ircm). the severity of the cases and the potential associations with herd hygiene were studied. participating producers sampled 845 cases and 692 dairy cows. the mean and median ircm was estimated at 7.4 and 5.3 quarter cases per 10,000 cow-days at risk, respectively. a large between-herd variation was observed (range o ... | 2014 | 25218745 |
| experimental model of toxin-induced subclinical mastitis and its effect on disruption of follicular function in cows. | this study establishes an experimental model for subclinical mastitis induced by gram-positive (g+) exosecretions of staphylococcus aureus origin or gram-negative (g-) endotoxin of escherichia coli origin to examine its effects on follicular growth and steroid concentrations in holstein dairy cows. cows were synchronized with the ovsynch protocol followed by a series of follicular cycles that included gnrh and pgf2α doses administered every 8 days. cows received small intramammary doses of eithe ... | 2014 | 25212394 |
| a highly active beta-glucanase from a new strain of rumen fungus orpinomyces sp.y102 exhibits cellobiohydrolase and cellotriohydrolase activities. | a new strain of rumen fungus was isolated from bos taurus, identified and designated orpinomyces sp.y102. a clone, celc7, isolated from the cdna library of orpinomyces sp.y102, was predicted to encode a protein containing a signal peptide (residues 1-17), an n-terminal dockerin-containing domain, and a c-terminal cellobiohydrolase catalytic domain of glycoside hydrolase family 6. celc7 was insoluble when expressed in escherichia coli. deletion of 17 or 105 residues from the n-terminus significan ... | 2014 | 25164344 |
| risk factors for uterine diseases on small- and medium-sized dairy farms determined by clinical, bacteriological, and cytological examinations. | the involution process of the postpartum bovine uterus is usually accompanied by invasion of various bacteria. the objectives of this study were to identify the relationship between the postpartum findings as risk factors for clinical endometritis (ce) and subclinical endometritis (se). furthermore, the effects of ce or se on reproductive performance in small- and medium-sized dairy herds were investigated. a total of 400 cows were examined by vaginoscopy for ce at 20 to 30 days postpartum, and ... | 2014 | 25066047 |
| acute escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cattle: diagnostic parameters associated with poor prognosis. | this study aimed to identify the diagnostic characteristics associated with poor prognosis and mortality in dairy cows with acute clinical escherichia coli mastitis. on 17 dairy farms, 24 dairy cows with acute e. coli mastitis that had received therapeutic treatment were categorized into 2 groups by outcome: 17 cows that recovered (survivors) and 7 cows that died or were euthanized (non-survivors). two days after onset of acute e. coli mastitis, dysstasia was observed in non-survivors, but not i ... | 2014 | 25056677 |
| milk metabolites as indicators of mammary gland functions and milk quality. | the assumption, that metabolites derived from the activity of the mammary gland epithelial cells reflect changes in milk secretion and its coagulation properties, was tested in dairy cows. the experiment included cows with uninfected udders and cows with one of the glands infected by different bacteria specie. analysis were carried at the cow level (including all four glands), or at the gland level. high and significant correlations among the concentrations of lactose, glucose, glucose-6-posphat ... | 2014 | 25052436 |
| proteomic analysis reveals protein expression differences in escherichia coli strains associated with persistent versus transient mastitis. | escherichia coli is a leading cause of bacterial mastitis in dairy cattle. typically this infection is transient in nature, causing an infection that lasts 2-3days. however, in a minority of cases, e. coli has been shown to cause a persistent infection. the mechanisms that allow for a persistent e. coli infection are not fully understood. the goal of this work was to determine protein expression differences between e. coli strains isolated from dairy cattle with transient and persistent mastitis ... | 2014 | 24954099 |
| long term effects of escherichia coli mastitis. | escherichia coli is one of the most frequently diagnosed causes of bovine mastitis, and is typically associated with acute, clinical mastitis. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the long term effects of intramammary infections by e. coli on milk yield and quality, especially milk coagulation. twenty-four israeli holstein cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis due to intramammary infection by e. coli were used in this study. mean lactation number, days in milk (dim) and daily milk ... | 2014 | 24906501 |
| ctx-m-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from cases of bovine mastitis in japan. | three klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) were obtained from three dairy cows with clinical mastitis in two farms in western japan. two of the 3 isolates from cows in different farms were able to transfer plasmids carrying the blactx-m-2 gene to escherichia coli recipient. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns of the 2 isolates were different from each other, although restricted-fragment patterns of the two conjugative plasmids were similar ... | 2014 | 24784438 |
| intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. | in the present study, three primiparous lactating holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (lps, escherichia coli 0111:b4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. ruminal ph was linearly decreased (p< 0.001) by lps challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino n increased linearly (p< 0 ... | 2014 | 24774964 |
| lipopolysaccharide (lps) inhibits steroid production in theca cells of bovine follicles in vitro: distinct effect of lps on theca cell function in pre- and post-selection follicles. | in postpartum dairy cows, lipopolysaccharide (lps) derived from gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli causes uterine inflammation and leads to ovarian dysfunction. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of lps on steroid production in bovine theca cells at different stages of follicular development. theca cells isolated from pre- and post-selection follicles (prfs, <8.5 mm in diameter, and pofs, >8.5 mm in diameter, respectively) of bovine ovaries were exposed to lps under l ... | 2014 | 24769841 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157: a survey of dairy cattle in tripoli, libya. | | 2014 | 24763134 |
| association of veterinary third-generation cephalosporin use with the risk of emergence of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance in escherichia coli from dairy cattle in japan. | the use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins in food animals has been suggested to increase the risk of spread of enterobacteriaceae carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases to humans. however, evidence that selection of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant bacteria owing to the actual veterinary use of these drugs according to criteria established in cattle has not been demonstrated. in this study, we investigated the natural occurrence of cephalosporin-resistant escherichia coli in dairy ca ... | 2014 | 24755996 |
| proteomics and pathway analysis of n-glycosylated mammary gland proteins in response to escherichia coli mastitis in cattle. | the aim of this study was to investigate the n-linked glycosylated protein profile of mammary tissue from healthy cows and cows with mastitis due to escherichia coli, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the host response to mastitis. n-glycopeptides were enriched with a lectin mixture and identified through high-accuracy mass spectrometry. a total of 551 n-glycosylation sites, corresponding to 294 proteins, were identified in the mammary tissues of healthy cows; these glycoprotein ... | 2014 | 24751801 |
| diagnosis of acute puerperal metritis by electronic nose device analysis of vaginal discharge in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of an electronic nose device using vaginal discharge samples to diagnose acute puerperal metritis (apm) in dairy cows. uterine fluid was sampled manually with a gloved hand and under sterile conditions for electronic nose device analysis (day in milk (dim) 2, 5, and 10) and bacteriologic examination (dim 5), respectively, and on additional days, if apm was diagnosed during the daily clinical examinations. a dataset containing sa ... | 2014 | 24746098 |
| hyperketonemia during lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis affects systemic and local intramammary metabolism in dairy cows. | hyperketonemia interferes with the metabolic regulation in dairy cows. it is assumed that metabolic and endocrine changes during hyperketonemia also affect metabolic adaptations during inflammatory processes. we therefore studied systemic and local intramammary effects of elevated plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (bhba) before and during the response to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge. thirteen dairy cows received intravenously either a na-dl-β-oh-butyrate infusion (n = 5) to achieve ... | 2014 | 24679930 |
| molecular characterization and expression profile of partial tlr4 gene in association to mastitis in crossbred cattle. | crossbred cattle are more prone to mastitis in comparison to indigenous cattle. toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) recognizes pathogen ligands, for example, lipopolysaccharide (lps) endotoxin from escherichia coli and mediates signaling to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. mutations in tlr4 can compromise the host immune response to certain pathogens, so it may be a potential candidate for marker assisted selection to enhance mastitis resistance in dairy cattle. hence, in this study role o ... | 2014 | 24669869 |
| the protective effect of caffeic acid against inflammation injury of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. | caffeic acid possesses multiple biological effects, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer growth; however, what effects it has on bovine mastitis have not been investigated. the aim of this study was to verify the antiinflammatory properties of caffeic acid on the inflammatory response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec) induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps), and to clarify the possible underlying mechanism. bovine mammary epithelial cells were treated ... | 2014 | 24612802 |
| optimal insemination and replacement decisions to minimize the cost of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | mastitis is a serious production-limiting disease, with effects on milk yield, milk quality, and conception rate, and an increase in the risk of mortality and culling. the objective of this study was 2-fold: (1) to develop an economic optimization model that incorporates all the different types of pathogens that cause clinical mastitis (cm) categorized into 8 classes of culture results, and account for whether the cm was a first, second, or third case in the current lactation and whether the cow ... | 2014 | 24534495 |
| isolation, prevalence, and risk factors for infection by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in dairy cattle. | rectal swabs of 198 holstein × gir crossbred beef cattle from 34 milk farms in the central west of brazil were analyzed from august 2010 to february 2011. strains of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) were isolated from 72.73% (144/198) of the animals, on over 97% of the surveyed properties. the molecular characterization indicated the most common toxin gene stx1 in 70.88% of the animals (202/285), followed by 18.95% (54/285) stx1/sxt2, and 10.18% (29/285) stx2. the presence of stec i ... | 2014 | 24510196 |
| impact of intramammary treatment on gene expression profiles in bovine escherichia coli mastitis. | clinical mastitis caused by e. coli accounts for significant production losses and animal welfare concerns on dairy farms worldwide. the benefits of therapeutic intervention in mild to moderate cases are incompletely understood. we investigated the effect of intramammary treatment with cefapirin alone or in combination with prednisolone on gene expression profiles in experimentally-induced e. coli mastitis in six mid-lactating holstein friesian cows. cows were challenged with e. coli in 3 quarte ... | 2014 | 24454893 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157: a survey of dairy cattle in tripoli, libya. | | 2014 | 28156276 |
| infrared thermography of the udder surface of dairy cattle: characteristics, methods, and correlation with rectal temperature. | thermograms of the caudal udder surface were taken of five healthy cows before and after inoculation of escherichia coli into the right hind quarter. images in clinically normal udder quarters from cows without fever (cn) were compared with those post inoculation when cows had fever (⩾ 39.5°c) and showed elevation of somatic cell counts (⩾ 400,000 cells/ml) in the inoculated quarter (cm). using graphic software tools, different geometric analysis tools (gats: polygons, rectangles, lines) were se ... | 2014 | 24368082 |
| a polyclonal antibody against recombinant bovine haptoglobin expressed in escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of the predicted immunodominant region of bovine haptoglobin (pirbohp), without the signal peptide sequence, was synthesized based on the codon usage bias of escherichia coli. the synthesized pirbohp gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pet-32a (+), which contains a his-tag. the recombinant pirbohp protein was successfully expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3) cells. western blot analysis showed that the purified recombinant pirbohp protein could be recognized ... | 2013 | 24328747 |
| development of a multiplex pcr for the identification of major pathogenic bacteria of post-partum endometritis in dairy cows. | post-partum period has an important role in cows' breeding due to its effects on reproductive efficiency and subsequent pregnancy. escherichia coli, trueperella pyogenes (arcanobacterium pyogenes), fusobacterium necrophorum and prevotella melaninogenicus are recognized as major pathogens associated with uterine endometrial lesions. the objective of this study was to identify these pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a culture-independent sensitive method. a total of 172 cows w ... | 2014 | 24325777 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle with endometritis in china. | fluoroquinolones are frequently used to treat infectious disease that is caused by escherichia coli in dairy cattle. however, fluoroquinolone resistance occurs and is due either to chromosomal mutations in the bacterial topoisomerase genes and/or to plasmid-mediated resistance genes. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in e. coli strains (n=148) isolated from dairy cattle with bovine endometritis in in ... | 2014 | 24224497 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends among escherichia coli isolates obtained from dairy cattle in the northeastern united states, 2004-2011. | monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends among bacteria isolated from food animals and people is necessary to inform risk analyses and guide public policy regarding antimicrobial use. our objectives were to describe the antimicrobial resistance status of escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle in the northeastern united states and to identify trends in resistance to selected antimicrobial agents over time. we collected data retrospectively for all bovine e. coli isolates that were obtained ... | 2014 | 24134668 |
| effects of escherichia coli- and staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in lactating cows on oocyte developmental competence. | mastitis is associated with decreased fertility in dairy cows. in the current study, we created an experimental model to simulate short-term mastitis by a single intramammary administration of gram-negative endotoxin of escherichia coli origin (g-), or gram-positive toxin of staphylococcus aureus origin (g+), to examine the effect of mastitis on oocyte developmental competence. healthy holstein cows were synchronized, and follicular fluid (ff) of cows treated with g+ or g- and of uninfected cows ... | 2014 | 24129150 |
| the effect of prepartum intravaginal bacteriophage administration on the incidence of retained placenta and metritis. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prepartum intravaginal administration of an anti-escherichia coli bacteriophage cocktail on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. the study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm located near ithaca, new york, from march to september 2012, and 107 cows were enrolled. the cows were divided randomly into 2 groups (treatment and control); treatment group cows were submitted to 3 intravaginal administrations o ... | 2013 | 24119800 |
| a prospective case-control and molecular epidemiological study of human cases of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in new zealand. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 and related non-o157 stec strains are enteric pathogens of public health concern worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases. cattle are considered the principal hosts and have been shown to be a source of infection for both foodborne and environmental outbreaks in humans. the aims of this study were to investigate risk factors associated with sporadic stec infections in humans in new zealand and to provide epidemiological information about ... | 2013 | 24079470 |
| short communication: antimicrobial efficacy of intramammary treatment with a novel biphenomycin compound against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, and escherichia coli-induced mouse mastitis. | bovine mastitis undermines udder health, jeopardizes milk production, and entails prohibitive costs, estimated at $2 billion per year in the dairy industry of the united states. despite intensive research, the dairy industry has not managed to eradicate the 3 major bovine mastitis-inducing pathogens: staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, and escherichia coli. in this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly formulated biphenomycin compound (aic102827) was assessed against intramammary ... | 2013 | 24054294 |
| the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli populations isolated from farm animals with different exposure to antimicrobial agents. | the aim of the study was to determine the influence of the presence or the absence of antibiotic input on the emergence and maintenance of resistance in commensal bacteria from food producing animals. the research material constituted e. coli isolates from two animal species: swine at different age from one conventional pig farm with antibiotic input in young pigs and from beef and dairy cattle originated from organic breeding farm. the sensitivity to 16 antimicrobial agents was tested, and the ... | 2013 | 24053020 |
| noninferiority trial comparing a first-generation cephalosporin with a third-generation cephalosporin in the treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the noninferiority of 2 intramammary treatments for nonsevere clinical mastitis. the 2 treatments were a first-generation cephalosporin (cephapirin sodium, 2 treatments 12h apart) and a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftiofur hydrochloride, treatments once a day for 5d). a total of 296 cases on 7 farms met the enrollment criteria for the study. streptococcus dysgalactiae was the most common bacterial species identified in milk samples from cows with ... | 2013 | 23958017 |
| naturally occurring mastitis disrupts developmental competence of bovine oocytes. | we examined the effects of naturally occurring mastitis on bovine oocyte developmental competence in vitro. specifically, we investigated the effects of intramammary infection on the ovarian pool of oocytes (i.e., follicle-enclosed oocytes) and their ability to undergo in vitro maturation, fertilization, and further development to the blastocyst stage. culled holstein cows (n=50) from 9 commercial dairy farms in israel were allotted to 3 groups according to somatic cell count (scc) records of th ... | 2013 | 23957998 |
| presence of escherichia coli, trueperella pyogenes, α-hemolytic streptococci, and coagulase-negative staphylococci and prevalence of subclinical endometritis. | subclinical endometritis (sce) has a severe negative effect on reproductive performance of dairy cows. different studies have shown a wide variety of cut points for the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (pmnl) percentage to define sce and differing sampling times. possible risk factors for sce, such as low body condition score, hyperketonemia, and increased haptoglobin concentrations have been demonstrated. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bacterial findings ... | 2013 | 23910551 |
| susceptibility to antimicrobial agents among bovine mastitis pathogens isolated from north american dairy cattle, 2002-2010. | approximately 8,000 isolates of streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli, isolated by 25 veterinary laboratories across north america between 2002 and 2010, were tested for in vitro susceptibility to beta-lactam, macrolide, and lincosamide drugs. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the beta-lactam drugs remained low against most of the gram-positive strains tested, and no substantial changes in the mic dis ... | 2013 | 23907894 |
| detection of new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in escherichia coli isolated from mastitic milk samples. | in this study, eight escherichia coli isolates were obtained from milk samples of dairy cattle suffering from clinical/subclinical mastitis. isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance traits and virulence genes. results revealed that one isolate was harbouring new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase gene (blandm ). cloning and sequencing of the pcr amplicon confirmed the identity of the gene (genbank accession no. kc769583) having 100% homology with blandm-5 (genbank accession no. jn10459 ... | 2013 | 23870003 |
| effects of combined liver and udder biopsying on the acute phase response of dairy cows with experimentally induced e. coli mastitis. | a minimally invasive biopsy technique was evaluated for udder tissue collection in dairy cows with escherichia coli mastitis. meanwhile, the effect of taking repeated liver and udder biopsies on the systemic and local acute phase response (apr) of the dairy cows was investigated during the disease. the cows were divided into a biopsy group (b) (n = 16) and a no-biopsy group (nb) (n = 16) and were sampled in the acute disease stage and in the recovery stage. the cows' pre-disease period served as ... | 2013 | 23867091 |
| prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) from cattle in korea between 2010 and 2011. | a total of 156 shiga-like toxin producing escherichia coli (stec) were isolated from fecal samples of korean native (100/568, 18%) and holstein dairy cattle (56/524, 11%) in korea between september 2010 and july 2011. fifty-two stec isolates (33%) harbored both of shiga toxin1 (stx1) and shiga toxin2 (stx2) genes encoding enterohemolysin (ehxa) and autoagglutinating adhesion (saa) were detected by pcr in 83 (53%) and 65 (42%) isolates, respectively. by serotyping, six stec from native cattle and ... | 2014 | 23820205 |
| the effect of repeated episodes of bacteria-specific clinical mastitis on mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effect of a first and repeated cases of bacteria-specific clinical mastitis (cm) on the risk of mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. the pathogens studied were streptococcus spp., staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., trueperella pyogenes, others, and no growth on aerobic culture. a total of 50,166 lactations were analyzed from 5 large, high-milk-producing dairy herds in new york state from 2003/200 ... | 2013 | 23769361 |
| differential response of bovine mammary epithelial cells to staphylococcus aureus or escherichia coli agonists of the innate immune system. | mastitis caused by escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus is a major pathology of dairy cows. to better understand the differential response of the mammary gland to these two pathogens, we stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec) with either e. coli crude lipopolysaccharide (lps) or with s. aureus culture supernatant (sas) to compare the transcriptomic profiles of the initial bmec response. by using hek 293 reporter cells for pattern recognition receptors, the lps preparation was fo ... | 2013 | 23758654 |
| evaluation of an alternative dosing regimen of a j-5 mastitis vaccine against intramammary escherichia coli challenge in nonlactating late-gestation dairy cows. | the objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative vaccination regimen of a j-5 bacterin against intramammary escherichia coli challenge in nonlactating late-gestation dairy cows. the parameters analyzed to assess the effect of vaccination were milk yield, milk conductivity, somatic cell count, j-5-specific serum igg titers, and clinical signs. twenty multiparous holstein cows from the cornell teaching and research dairy herd were paired by days in milk and were randomly s ... | 2013 | 23726420 |
| prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows from smallholder farms in zimbabwe. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis and the associated factors in cows from selected smallholder dairy farms in zimbabwe. physical examinations were conducted on all lactating cows for evidence of signs of clinical mastitis. composite milk samples were collected from all lactating cows for bacterial culture and somatic cell counting. cows were categorised as clinical if they exhibited clinical features of mastitis, or sub-clinic ... | 2013 | 23718150 |
| biotransformation of l-ornithine from l-arginine using whole-cell recombinant arginase. | a recombinant arginase was generated for a whole-cell biotransformation system to convert l-arginine to l-ornithine in escherichia coli. the gene arg1 coding arginase from bos taurus liver was synthesized and expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3) via petduet-1. the recombinant arginase was used to catalyze l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. the reaction was optimal at ph 9.5 and 37 °c. manganese (10(-5 )m) and emulsifier op-10 [0.033 % (v/v)] could promote arginase activity. in a scale up study, l-ar ... | 2013 | 23700128 |
| prednisolone and cefapirin act synergistically in resolving experimental escherichia coli mastitis. | mastitis in dairy cows is typically treated with intramammary antibiotics. the combination of antibiotics with corticosteroids tends to have a large market share where these products are registered. our objective was to investigate the effect of prednisolone in combination with cefapirin on the inflammatory response of experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis. six midlactating holstein-friesian cows were challenged in 3 quarters with e. coli and treated at 4, 12, 24, and 36 h postinfecti ... | 2013 | 23684040 |
| comparison of the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains o157 and o26 between beef and dairy cattle in japan. | with the aim of comparing the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157 and o26 between beef and dairy cattle, we collected rectal content samples from 250 beef cattle on 25 beef farms and 250 dairy cows on 25 dairy farms from july through september 2011. stec o157 was isolated from 16 beef cattle on 7 beef farms, while no stec o157 was isolated from any dairy farms. this result suggests that the prevalence of stec o157 is higher in beef cattle than in dairy cattle. stec o ... | 2013 | 23595164 |
| faecal occurrence and emissions of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (lamrsa) and esbl/ampc-producing e. coli from animal farms in germany. | the occurrence of lamrsa (livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and/or plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase-producing (ampc) enterobacteriaceae in healthy livestock herds is known for some time.the spread of these bacteria in the environment is discussed critically.the object of this study was to determine the presence of these microorganisms in faeces of livestock as well as the discussion about a potential faecal emission. ... | 2013 | 23540202 |
| real-time evaluation of milk quality as reflected by clotting parameters of individual cow's milk during the milking session, between day-to-day and during lactation. | real-time analysis of milk coagulation properties as performed by the afilab™ milk spectrometer introduces new opportunities for the dairy industry. the study evaluated the performance of the afilab™ in a milking parlor of a commercial farm to provide real-time analysis of milk-clotting parameters -afi-cf for cheese manufacture and determine its repeatability in time for individual cows. the afilab™ in a parlor, equipped with two parallel milk lines, enables to divert the milk on-line into two b ... | 2013 | 23537499 |
| relationship between concentration of lingual antimicrobial peptide and somatic cell count in milk of dairy cows. | lingual antimicrobial peptide (lap) belongs to the β-defensin family in cattle and is found in milk. lap concentrations increase in milk from mastitic udders; however, the relationship between lap concentrations and the somatic cell count (scc) in milk remains to be elucidated in detail. therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between lap concentrations and the scc in bovine milk to assess whether lap may be used as an indicator of scc. milk was collected from ... | 2013 | 23528609 |
| the effect of meloxicam on pain sensitivity, rumination time, and clinical signs in dairy cows with endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis. | the objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the use of a pressure algometer and an automated rumination monitoring system to assess changes in pain sensitivity and rumination time in response to endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis and (2) evaluate the effect of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug meloxicam on pain sensitivity and rumination time, as well as other clinical signs, in dairy cattle with endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis. clinical mastitis was induced in 12 primiparous and ... | 2013 | 23522672 |
| short communication: experimentally induced mastitis reduces weight shifting between the rear legs while standing in dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in weight shifting between legs while standing on a weighing platform in response to endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis, and to evaluate the effect of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug flunixin meglumine on weight distribution between legs while standing in dairy cattle with endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis. clinical mastitis was induced in 10 primiparous and 9 multiparous lactating dairy cows (days in milk=55 ± 12; mean ± standard d ... | 2013 | 23497993 |
| characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o130:h11 and o178:h19 isolated from dairy cows. | shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) are isolated from human patients with bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (hc), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). in the last years, the infections with non-o157 serotypes are increasing their frequency of association with human disease. stec produce shiga toxin (stx) and other virulence factors that could contribute to human pathogenesis. cattle are the main reservoir and the transmission to humans is through the consumption of undercooked meat, non-past ... | 2013 | 23483233 |
| prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli on bavarian dairy and beef cattle farms. | extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli strains are believed to be widely distributed among humans and animals; however, to date, there are only few studies that support this assumption on a regional or countrywide scale. therefore, a study was designed to assess the prevalence of esbl-producing e. coli in dairy cows and beef cattle in the southern part of bavaria, germany. the study population included 30 mixed dairy and beef cattle farms and 15 beef cattle farms. fecal ... | 2013 | 23455336 |
| the association between bedding material and the bacterial counts of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis and coliform bacteria on teat skin and in teat canals in lactating dairy cattle. | several mastitis-causing pathogens are able to colonize the bovine teat canal. the objective of this study was to investigate the association between the treatment of sawdust bedding with a commercial alkaline conditioner and the bacterial counts on teat skin and in the teat canal. the study used a crossover design. ten lactating holstein cows that were free of udder infections and mastitis were included in the study. the animals were bedded on either untreated sawdust or sawdust that had been t ... | 2013 | 23445624 |
| effects of bos taurus autosome 9-located quantitative trait loci haplotypes on the disease phenotypes of dairy cows with experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis. | several quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting mastitis incidence and mastitis-related traits such as somatic cell score exist in dairy cows. previously, qtl haplotypes associated with susceptibility to escherichia coli mastitis in nordic holstein-friesian (hf) cows were identified on bos taurus autosome 9. in the present study, we induced experimental e. coli mastitis in danish hf cows to investigate the effect of 2 e. coli mastitis-associated qtl haplotypes on the cows' disease phenotypes and ... | 2013 | 23357017 |
| the effect of supportive e. coli mastitis treatment on pmn chemiluminescence and subpopulations of t lymphocytes. | the aim of this field study was to assess the impact of a single i.m. injection of lysozyme dimer and flunixin meglumine in combination with intramammary and systemic antibiotic on chemiluminescence of pmn (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) and subpopulations of lymphocyte t in blood of cows with e. coli mastitis. examinations were performed on 30 dairy cows affected with naturally occurring acute form of e. coli mastitis. cows were randomly divided into three groups according to the method of treat ... | 2013 | 24597301 |
| [verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli: several aspects... and also the dairy farms]. | verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) is associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis (hc) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), the most severe form of these human diseases. in argentina hus is endemic, with 500 new cases per year and an incidence of 17/100,000 in children under 5 years of age. vtec o157:h7 is the most frequently isolated serotype, although there are non-o157 serotypes that have been associated with human disease. vtec produces verocytotoxins and acces ... | 2012 | 23267631 |
| determination of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial tissue, and lochia in puerperal dairy cows with fever or acute puerperal metritis after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid. | acute puerperal metritis (apm) is one of the most common diseases during the puerperal period. systemic administration of ceftiofur for 5 consecutive days has been shown to be effective for treatment of apm. the objective of this study was to determine concentrations of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial tissue, and lochia of cows with fever postpartum or apm 4 to 6d after treatment with a single subcutaneous dose of 6.6 mg of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (ccfa)/kg of estimated bw at ... | 2013 | 23261383 |
| microbial diversity of bovine mastitic milk as described by pyrosequencing of metagenomic 16s rdna. | dairy cow mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry. different microbial species have been identified as causative agents in mastitis, and are traditionally diagnosed by bacterial culture. the objective of this study was to use metagenomic pyrosequencing of bacterial 16s rrna genes to investigate bacterial dna diversity in milk samples of mastitic and healthy dairy cows and compare the results with those obtained by classical bacterial culture. one hundred and thirty-six milk sample ... | 2012 | 23082192 |
| cloning and identification of novel hydrolase genes from a dairy cow rumen metagenomic library and characterization of a cellulase gene. | interest in cellulose degrading enzymes has increased in recent years due to the expansion of the ellulosic biofuel industry. the rumen is a highly adapted environment for the degradation of cellulose and a promising source of enzymes for industrial use. to identify cellulase enzymes that may be of such use we have undertaken a functional metagenomic screen to identify cellulase enzymes from the bacterial community in the rumen of a grass-hay fed dairy cow. | 2012 | 23062472 |
| type 1 and type 2 immune response profiles of commercial dairy cows in 4 regions across canada. | diseases of dairy cattle have adverse implications for both the dairy industry and animal welfare. understanding adaptive immune response profiles of cattle on a national scale will provide insight into the potential for improving health and decreasing disease. the objectives of the present study were to evaluate immune response phenotypes of holstein cows outside the peripartum period and to determine if antibody isotype bias to putative type 1 and type 2 test antigens is maintained. the cows, ... | 2012 | 23024454 |
| relationship between bacteriological findings in the second and fourth weeks postpartum and uterine infection in dairy cows considering bacteriological results. | the uterine lumen in early postpartum dairy cows is contaminated with different bacteria. the most relevant uterine pathogens are escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes. prevalence of α-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) is also high; however, these pathogens are considered opportunistic. the overall objective of this study was to investigate effects of the intrauterine presence of e. coli, t. pyogenes, α-hemolytic streptococci, or cns at 10±1 d in milk (dim) on ... | 2012 | 23021749 |
| cdna, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) mitochondrial atp synthase atp5g1. | the atp5g1 gene is one of the three genes that encode mitochondrial atp synthase subunit c of the proton channel. we cloned the cdna and determined the genomic sequence of the atp5g1 gene from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology and touchdown-pcr, respectively. the cloned cdna fragment contains an open reading frame of 411 bp encoding 136 amino acids; the length of the genomic sequence is of 1838 bp, containing three exons and two introns. alignment analysis revealed ... | 2012 | 23007995 |
| virulence genes in isolates of escherichia coli from samples of milk and feces from dairy cattle. | the aim of this work was to determine if escherichia coli isolates carrying the virulence genes eae and eltb and exhibiting the ehly phenotype are present in feces and milk samples from healthy dairy cattle on farms. isolates from calves showed a statistically higher prevalence of eae and eltb compared with isolates from older animals. the other factors tested (stx(1), stx(2), and ehly) were not statistically different between the two groups. two isolates originating from calf feces were identif ... | 2012 | 22947478 |
| effect of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine on innate immune function of bovine mammary gland infused with lipopolysaccharide. | the effects of using an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine on innate immune responses following intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (lps) were investigated in midlactation holstein-friesian cows. seven out of 14 cows were inoculated with e. coli vaccine. three weeks later, 100 μg of lps dissolved in 10 ml of saline was infused into 1 quarter of all cows. milk was collected every hour from infusion to 12 h after infusion, and twice daily (at 0900 and 1600 h) for 4 d. blood samples w ... | 2012 | 22916910 |
| the effects of experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis and flunixin meglumine administration on activity measures, feed intake, and milk parameters. | the use of flunixin meglumine (fm), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, during experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis was evaluated. twenty-four primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows were challenged with 1×10(2) cfu of e. coli 727 in 1 uninfected quarter. of the 24 e. coli-challenged animals, 12 were administered fm [ecf; 100mg (2 cc)/45.5 kg of body weight) at the onset of clinical mastitis signs. the remaining 12 challenged cows were untreated (ec). an additional 11 cows ... | 2012 | 22916898 |
| compromised neutrophil function and bovine e. coli mastitis: is c5a the missing link? | during early lactation, dairy cow are prone to developing severe mastitis in responses to intramammary escherichia coli infections. these severe inflammatory responses have been correlated with reduced neutrophil function during the periparturient period. however, the causative mechanism of neutrophil dysfunction has not been elucidated. studies in murine sepsis models have shown that during sepsis neutrophils are functionally paralysed due to the presence of high concentrations of complement fa ... | 2012 | 22858435 |
| escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administration transiently suppresses luteal structure and function in diestrous cows. | the objective was to characterize the effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) endotoxin (given i.v.) on luteal structure and function. seven nonlactating german holstein cows, 5.1 ± 0.8 years old (mean ± s.e.m.), were given 10 ml saline on day 10 (ovulation=day 1) of a control estrous cycle. on day 10 of a subsequent cycle, they were given 0.5 μg/kg lps. luteal size decreased (from 5.2 to 3.8 cm², p≤0.05) within 24 h after lps treatment and remained smaller throughout the remainder ... | 2012 | 22829687 |
| molecular characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from the environment of a dairy farm. | environmental samples were taken from ground, cattle water troughs, and feeders from a dairy farm with different stec prevalence between animal categories (weaning calves, rearing calves, and dairy cows). overall, 23 % of samples were positive for stx genes, stx(2) being the most prevalent type. isolates were analyzed by pcr monoplex to confirm generic e. coli and by two multiplex pcr to investigate the presence of stx(1), stx(2), eae, saa, ehxa, and other putative virulence genes encoded in ste ... | 2012 | 22706777 |
| the effect of intrauterine administration of mannose or bacteriophage on uterine health and fertility of dairy cows with special focus on escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intrauterine administration of 50 g of ultrapure mannose or a bacteriophage cocktail and the presence of escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes in the uterine lumen on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. the study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm located near ithaca, new york, from may 4 to january 20, 2011, and 597 cows were enrolled. the cows were divided randomly into 3 treatment groups, ... | 2012 | 22612946 |
| amino acid differences in interferon-tau (ifn-τ) of bos taurus coreanae and holstein. | interferons (ifns) are commonly grouped into type i and type ii ifn. type i ifns are known as antiviral ifns including ifn-α, ifn-β, and ifn-ω whereas type ii ifn is referred to immune ifn and ifn-γ is only member of the type ii ifn. type i ifns are induced by virus invading however type ii ifn is produced by mitogenic or antigenic stimuli. ifn-τ was first identified in ruminant ungulates as a pregnancy recognition hormone, trophoblastin. ifn-τ constitutes a new class of type i ifn, which posses ... | 2012 | 22578803 |
| development of a diagnostic method for neosporosis in cattle using recombinant neospora caninum proteins. | neosporosis is an infectious disease primarily of cattle and dogs, caused by intracellular parasite, neospora caninum. neosporosis appears to be a major cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide and causes to huge economic loss to dairy industry. | 2012 | 22558916 |
| a bayesian variable selection procedure to rank overlapping gene sets. | genome-wide expression profiling using microarrays or sequence-based technologies allows us to identify genes and genetic pathways whose expression patterns influence complex traits. different methods to prioritize gene sets, such as the genes in a given molecular pathway, have been described. in many cases, these methods test one gene set at a time, and therefore do not consider overlaps among the pathways. here, we present a bayesian variable selection method to prioritize gene sets that overc ... | 2012 | 22554182 |
| variable within- and between-herd diversity of ctx-m cephalosporinase-bearing escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle. | bla(ctx-m) beta-lactamases confer resistance to critically important cephalosporin drugs. recovered from both hospital- and community-acquired infections, bla(ctx-m) was first reported in u.s. livestock in 2010. it has been hypothesized that veterinary use of cephalosporins in livestock populations may lead to the dissemination of beta-lactamase-encoding genes. therefore, our objectives were to estimate the frequency and distribution of coliform bacteria harboring bla(ctx-m) in the fecal flora o ... | 2012 | 22544245 |
| short communication: the effects of experimentally induced escherichia coli clinical mastitis on lying behavior of dairy cows. | clinical mastitis is a commonly occurring and economically important problem in the dairy industry. researchers have suggested that changes in lying behavior could be useful as early indicators of cow discomfort and poor welfare. the objective of this study was to determine the associations between the onset of illness resulting from experimentally induced clinical mastitis and measures of lying behavior. clinical mastitis was induced in 21 lactating dairy cows (parity=2.0±1.0, range=1 to 4; day ... | 2012 | 22541485 |