| oral administration of lps and lipoteichoic acid prepartum modulated reactants of innate and humoral immunity in periparturient dairy cows. | the study evaluated the effects of repeated oral exposure to lps and lipoteichoic acid (lta) on immune responses of dairy cows. thirty pregnant holstein cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. cows received orally either 2 ml of 0.85% sterile saline solution (control group), or 2 ml of sterile saline solution containing three doses of lps from escherichia coli 0111 : b4 along with a flat dose of lta from bacillus subtilis. blood and saliva samples were collected and analyzed for ser ... | 2014 | 23941759 |
| concomitant lipopolysaccharide-induced transfer of blood-derived components including immunoglobulins into milk. | during a mammary immune response, the integrity of the blood-milk barrier is negatively affected and becomes leaky. the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the blood origin, and to investigate changes in the concentration, of various constituents including immunoglobulins in blood and milk during the early phase of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced mastitis. five lactating dairy cows received continuous β-hydroxybutyrate (bhba) clamp infusions to maintain elevated bhba blood concentration ... | 2013 | 23219120 |
| effect of high-pressure processing of bovine colostrum on immunoglobulin g concentration, pathogens, viscosity, and transfer of passive immunity to calves. | this study aimed to determine the effects of high-pressure processing on the immunoglobulin concentration, microbial load, viscosity, and transfer of passive immunity to calves when applied to bovine colostrum as an alternative to thermal pasteurization. a pilot study using staphylococcus aureus was conducted to determine which pressure-time treatments are most appropriate for use with bovine colostrum, with the goals of maximizing bacterial inactivation while minimizing igg content and viscosit ... | 2016 | 27638265 |
| [prokaryotic expression of hn gene of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 and the establishment of indirect elisa method]. | the prokaryotic expression plasmid pqe30-hn of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein gene of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) strain hj-1 was expressed by iptg induction in e. coli xl1blue. the recombinant hn protein(rhn) was purified by electroeluting method, and used as coated antigen. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect the antibody valence of bpiv3. the best working conditions of elisa were as follows: the antigen concentration was 6 micr ... | 2012 | 22416346 |
| herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality. | summary studies of dairy cow removal indicate increasing levels of mortality over the past several decades. this poses a serious problem for the us dairy industry. the objective of this project was to evaluate associations between facilities, herd management practices, disease occurrence and death rates on us dairy operations through an analysis of the national animal health monitoring system's dairy 2007 survey. the survey included farms in 17 states that represented 79.5% of us dairy operation ... | 2015 | 25721925 |
| risk of escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, and campylobacter spp. in food animals and their products in qatar. | escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 e. coli, and campylobacter spp. are among the top-ranked pathogens that threaten the safety of food supply systems around the world. the associated risks and predisposing factors were investigated in a dynamic animal population using a repeat-cross-sectional study design. animal and environmental samples were collected from dairy and camel farms, chicken processing plants, and abattoirs and analyzed for the presence of these pathogens using a combination of bac ... | 2015 | 26408129 |
| the fecal microbial communities of dairy cattle shedding shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli or campylobacter jejuni. | cattle are a natural reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and have recently been recognized as a major source of campylobacter jejuni contamination. while several factors are known to be associated with bacterial colonization, the underlying microbial factors have not been clarified. in this study, we characterized the fecal microbiota of dairy cattle (n = 24) using next-generation sequencing to elucidate the intestinal bacterial communities and the microbial diversity in r ... | 2016 | 27385033 |
| drinking water for dairy cattle: always a benefit or a microbiological risk? | drinking water can be considered an essential nutrient for dairy cattle. however, because it comes from different sources, its chemical and microbiological quality does not always reach accepted standards. moreover, water quality is not routinely assessed on dairy farms. the microecology of drinking water sources and distribution systems is rather complex and still not fully understood. water quality is adversely affected by the formation of biofilms in distribution systems, which form a persist ... | 2013 | 23457917 |
| prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens in dairy cattle in the eastern part of japan. | to investigate the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens [campylobacter spp., shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp.] in dairy cows, rectal content grab samples were collected from 250 dairy cows reared on 25 dairy farms in eastern japan from december 2010 through february 2011. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 106 (42%) cows on 23 (92%) farms, stec o157 from three cows on one farm, l. monocytogenes from three cows on anot ... | 2013 | 23208291 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and immunolocalization of protein disulfide isomerase in excretory-secretory products from clonorchis sinensis. | protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) is an essential catalyst of the endoplasmic reticulum with folding and chaperone activities in different biological systems. here, pdi of clonorchis sinensis (cspdi) was isolated from the cdna library of adult c. sinensis. the open reading frame contains 1,317 bp encoding 438 amino acids and shares 53 %, 49 %, and 43 % identity with pdi from bos taurus, homo sapiens, and schistosoma mansoni, respectively. two catalytic thioredoxin motifs cxxc were found in this ... | 2012 | 22538482 |
| comparison of vaginal microbial community structure in healthy and endometritis dairy cows by pcr-dgge and real-time pcr. | the normal vaginal microflora provides protection against infections of the reproductive tract. previous studies have focused on the isolation and screening of probiotic strains from the vagina of cows; however, the vaginal microflora of postpartum cows is poorly characterized. the present study was conducted to evaluate and characterize the vaginal microflora of healthy postpartum cows in relation to postpartum cows with endometritis by using pcr followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophore ... | 2016 | 26551525 |
| factors associated with intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, streptococcus dysgalactiae, corynebacterium bovis, or escherichia coli. | the aim of this study was to determine risk factors for bovine intramammary infection (imi) associated with the most common bacterial species in finland. large databases of the finnish milk-recording system and results of microbiological analyses of mastitic milk samples from valio ltd. (helsinki, finland) were analyzed. the study group comprised 29,969 cows with imi from 4,173 dairy herds. a cow with a quarter milk sample in which dna of target species was detected in the pathoproof mastitis pc ... | 2017 | 28341052 |
| prevalence of bovine mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk in china. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the herd prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (btm) in china dairy herds, to determine the relationship between the presence of mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (btscc), and to investigate the impact of different dairy cattle farming modes and region on bacterial species. btm samples collected from 894 dairy herds in china were examined for the presence of mastitis pathogens. the flinders technology associ ... | 2016 | 27187065 |
| effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on probability of conception in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm), occurring in different weekly intervals before or after artificial insemination (ai), on the probability of conception in holstein cows. clinical mastitis occurring in weekly intervals from 6 wk before until 6 wk after ai was modeled. the first 4 ai in a cow's lactation were included. the following categories of pathogens were studied: streptococcus spp. (comprising streptococcus dysgalactiae, st ... | 2014 | 25173468 |
| pathogen-specific effects on milk yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of clinical mastitis (cm) cases due to different pathogens on milk yield in holstein cows. the first 3 cm cases in a cow's lactation were modeled. eight categories of pathogens were included: streptococcus spp.; staphylococcus aureus; coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns); escherichia coli; klebsiella spp.; cases with cm signs but no bacterial growth (above the level detectable by our microbiological procedures) observed in the culture sam ... | 2014 | 24418269 |
| [development of an ims-qpcr method for detection of cryptosporidium parvum in water]. | to develop a detection method for cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples, which combined immunomagnetic separation (ims) with taqman real-time pcr (qpcr). | 2013 | 24812853 |
| microbiological quality indicators in waters of dairy farms: detection of pathogens by pcr in real time. | when contaminated water is used to wash the udders of dairy cattle and milking utensils, raw milk may become contaminated with pathogens. washing with high quality water is essential to reduce the microbial contamination of milk. furthermore, the wastewater generated in dairy herds also contains high populations of pathogens, antibiotics and nutrients that more often are thrown into the water bodies without any treatment. in this work, both supply water and wastewater from 20 dairy farms from an ... | 2012 | 22542296 |
| field study on evaluation of the efficacy and usability of two disinfectants for drinking water treatment at small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. | the hygienic quality of drinking water for cattle originated from different sources together with the efficacy and usability of two types of disinfectants against waterborne pathogens were assessed for small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. a total of 120 drinking water samples were collected from water troughs representing three different water sources commonly used for cattle drinking (tap, underground and surface water; n = 65, 25, and 30, respectively). collected samples were cultured ... | 2016 | 26861741 |
| randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial shows no benefit of homeopathic mastitis treatment in dairy cows. | mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy production, and homeopathic remedies have been used increasingly in recent years to treat it. clinical trials evaluating homeopathy have often been criticized for their inadequate scientific approach. the objective of this triple-blind, randomized controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of homeopathic treatment in bovine clinical mastitis. the study was conducted on a conventionally managed dairy farm between june 2013 and may 2014. dairy ... | 2017 | 28342609 |
| draft genome sequences of escherichia coli strains isolated at calving from the uterus, vagina, vulva, and rectoanal junction of a dairy cow that later developed metritis. | escherichia coli is involved in the pathogenicity of metritis in cows. we report here the genome sequences of e. coli strains isolated at calving from the uterus, vagina, vulva, and rectoanal junction of a dairy cow that later developed metritis. the genomic similarities will give an insight into phylogenetic relationships among strains. | 2017 | 28302783 |
| presence and localization of bacteria in the bovine endometrium postpartum using fluorescence in situ hybridization. | the aim of this study was to investigate bacterial invasiveness of the bovine endometrium during the postpartum period. fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to endometrial biopsies using probes for fusobacterium necrophorum, porphyromonas levii, trueperella pyogenes, escherichia coli and a probe for bacteria in general (the overall domain bacteria) to determine their tissue localization. holstein cows were sampled at three time points postpartum (t1: 4-12 days postpartum, t2: 24-32 day ... | 2017 | 28237333 |
| national survey of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serotypes o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, o145, and o157 in australian beef cattle feces. | escherichia coli o157 and six non-o157 shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) serotypes (o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145, colloquially referred to as the "big 6") have been classified as adulterants of raw nonintact beef products in the united states. while beef cattle are a known reservoir for the prototype stec serotype, e. coli o157, less is known about the dissemination of non-o157 stec serotypes in australian cattle. in the present study, 1,500 fecal samples were collected at slaughter f ... | 2016 | 28221921 |
| short communication: diagnostic performance of on-farm bacteriological culture systems for identification of uterine escherichia coli in postpartum dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to validate the performance of on-farm bacteriological culture systems for identification of escherichia coli in the uterus of early postpartum dairy cows and to determine if an association is present between the results and the subsequent occurrence of puerperal metritis (pm). a prospective cohort study was conducted in one commercial holstein dairy herd in which 400 cows were sampled between 24 and 48 h after parturition. three bacteriological samples were obt ... | 2017 | 28215893 |
| nutritional models of experimentally-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) differ in their impact on rumen and hindgut bacterial communities in dairy cows. | effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) challenges on the bacteria in rumen fluid, cecal digesta, and feces of dairy cows were determined using 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing and real-time quantitative pcr. six non-lactating holstein cows with cannulas in the rumen and cecum were used in a 3 × 3 latin square arrangement of treatments. during the first 3 wk of each experimental period, cows received a control diet containing 70% forages on a dry matter (dm) basis. in wk 4 of each period, cows r ... | 2016 | 28179895 |
| glucose requirements of an activated immune system in lactating holstein cows. | accurately quantifying activated immune system energy requirements in vivo is difficult, but a better understanding may advance strategies to maximize animal productivity. study objectives were to estimate whole-body glucose utilization following an i.v. endotoxin challenge. lactating holstein cows were jugular catheterized and assigned 1 of 3 bolus treatments: control (con; 5 ml of saline; n = 6), lipopolysaccharide (lps)-administered (lps-c; 1.5 μg/kg of body weight; escherichia coli 055:b5; n ... | 2017 | 28041733 |
| antimicrobial peptides of meat origin - an in silico and in vitro analysis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of meat protein-derived peptides against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the in silico and in vitro approach was combined to determine the potency of antimicrobial peptides derived from pig (sus scrofa) and cow (bos taurus) proteins. the in silico studies consisted of an analysis of the amino acid composition of peptides obtained from the campr database, their molecular weight and other physicochemical properties ... | 2017 | 28000569 |
| intramammary infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis. | feeding high-grain diets increases the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (sara) and adversely affects rumen health. this condition might impair the responsiveness of cows when they are exposed to external infectious stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (lps). the main objective of this study was to evaluate various responses to intramammary lps infusion in healthy dairy cows and those experimentally subjected to sara. eighteen early-lactating simmental cows were subjected to sara (n = 12) or control ... | 2017 | 27939552 |
| prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase or ampc-producing escherichia coli in organic dairy herds in the netherlands. | extended-spectrum β-lactamase and ampc-producing escherichia coli (esbl/ampc) are an emerging problem and are hypothesized to be associated with antimicrobial use (amu), and more specifically with the use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. whether esbl/ampc also occur in organic dairy herds, which have restricted amu, is not known. additionally, it is unknown whether, in addition to restricted amu, other factors in organic herd management are associated with esbl/ampc herd status. t ... | 2017 | 27865491 |
| in vitro assessment of the effects of temperature on phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in bovine polymorphonuclear cells. | heat stress exerts a direct negative effect on farm animal health, triggering physiological responses. environmental high temperature induces immunosuppression in dairy cows, increasing the risk of mastitis and milk somatic cell counts. the influence of heat stress on leukocytes activities has not been fully elucidated. the present in vitro study was aimed at assessing whether the exposure to temperature simulating conditions of severe whole body hyperthermia affects defensive functions of bovin ... | 2016 | 27863557 |
| impact of in vitro treatments of physiological levels of estradiol and progesterone observed in pregnancy on bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. | the specific factors which regulate differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in bovine pregnancy remain unclear. we evaluated the influence of physiologically relevant in vitro treatments of progesterone (pg) and estradiol (e2) observed in late pregnancy on the differentiation and maturation of cd14+ monocyte-derived dendritic cell (modc) from non-pregnant, lactating dairy cows (n=7). we found that modc differentiated in the presence of both e2 and pg had impaired e. coli-induced phenot ... | 2016 | 27863548 |
| on-farm starling populations and other environmental and management factors associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli among dairy cattle in ohio. | wild birds that forage around livestock facilities have been implicated as vectors of antimicrobial resistant organisms. although antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been isolated from european starlings (sturnus vulgaris), their role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant elements in livestock facilities needs further investigation. to determine whether on-farm starling density and other factors were associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli among ... | 2016 | 27836033 |
| a longitudinal cohort study of acute puerperal metritis cases in swedish dairy cows. | acute puerperal metritis affects cows during the early postpartum period and causes fever, fetid vaginal discharge and general depression. the disease is severe and treatment with antimicrobials is often required. this study followed 79 swedish dairy cows with acute puerperal metritis with registered treatment and outcome in terms of recovery. bacteria isolated from the uterus and their susceptibility to penicillin were studied. clinical cases were assigned by participating practitioners who exa ... | 2016 | 27832812 |
| occurrence, genotyping, shiga toxin genes and associated risk factors of e. coli isolated from dairy farms, handlers and milk consumers. | the objectives of the current study were to determine the occurrence and genotypes of e. coli in dairy farms, workers and milk consumers and to evaluate risk factors associated with contamination of milk in dairy farms. molecular characterization of shiga toxin associated genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr (eric-pcr) finger printing of e. coli from different sources were also studied. paired milk samples and rectal swabs from 125 dairy cows, rectal swabs from 82 calves ... | 2016 | 27810218 |
| evaluation of calcium cyanamide addition during co-composting of manure and maize straw in a forced-aeration static-pile system. | composting is one of the most environmentally friendly treatments to inactivate pathogenic organisms or reduce them to acceptable levels. however, even under thermal conditions, some pathogenic organisms such as e. coli could exist for a long time in composting. such great persistence may increase the possibility of outbreaks of these organisms and further increase the environmental load. calcium cyanamide (cacn2) has recently been recognized to have the fungicidal effect on the pathogens of the ... | 2016 | 27800167 |
| short communication: antiviral activity of porcine ifn-λ3 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro. | a new family of ifns called type iii ifn or ifn-λ has been described, and shown to induce antiviral activity against several viruses in the cell culture. in this study, the molecular cloning, expression, and antiporcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) activity of porcine ifn-λ3 (poifn-λ3) were reported. the full-length poifn-λ3 cdna sequence encoded 196 amino acids with a 23 amino acid signal peptide. sequence alignments showed that poifn-λ3 had an amino acid sequence similarity to ovis aries (78 ... | 2016 | 27470155 |
| prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and ampc-producing escherichia coli in dairy farms. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)- and plasmid-mediated ampc-producing escherichia coli and associated risk factors in dairy herds. one hundred dairy herds were randomly selected and sampled to study the presence of esbl- and ampc-producing e. coli in slurry samples. the sensitivity of testing slurry samples for esbl/ampc herd status is less than 100%, especially for detecting herds with a low esbl/ampc prevalence. therefore, ... | 2016 | 27638264 |
| supraphysiological oxytocin increases the transfer of immunoglobulins and other blood components to milk during lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | bacterial mastitis causes pathogen-dependent changes of the blood-milk barrier, and these changes can influence the differential transfer of blood components to milk. it is well known that gram-negative pathogens such as escherichia coli can cause a greater activation of the immune system and thus a more comprehensive transfer of blood components including igg than gram-positive pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus. supraphysiological doses of oxytocin (ot) have been shown to increase the per ... | 2016 | 27592421 |
| mastitis pathogens with high virulence in a mouse model produce a distinct cytokine profile in vivo. | mastitis is a serious medical condition of dairy cattle. here, we evaluated whether the degree of virulence of mastitis pathogens in a mouse model can be linked to the inflammatory response that they provoke. clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) (strain 556 and 392) and escherichia coli (e. coli) (676 and 127), and laboratory control strains [8325-4 (s. aureus) and mg1655 (e. coli)], were injected i.p. into mice, followed by the assessment of clinical scores and inflammatory pa ... | 2016 | 27713743 |
| climate, lactation, and treatment factors influence faecal shedding of escherichia coli o157 pathotypes in dairy cows. | among pathogens shed by cattle, escherichia coli o157 ranks highest in those causing human illness. to date, prevalence and risk factors for o157 shedding have been assessed in feedlot, but not dairy cattle. the study aimed to determine prevalence levels and risk factors for o157 atypical enteropathogenic e. coli (aepec) and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) shedding in dairy cattle. dairy cattle (n = 899) within the first 21 days of lactation were sampled monthly over the course of 1 year, on t ... | 2017 | 27634484 |
| occurrence and characterization of blandm-5-positive klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from dairy cows in jiangsu, china. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the surrounding genetic structure of the blandm-5 gene in klebsiella pneumoniae derived from dairy cows in jiangsu province, china. | 2017 | 27621177 |
| longitudinal characterization of bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells from mid-gestation into subsequent lactation reveals nadir in phenotypic maturation and macrophage-like cytokine profile in late gestation. | changes in monocyte and dendritic cell populations during bovine pregnancy and lactation remain poorly described despite the key roles these cells play in immune tolerance and activation. using a prospective longitudinal study, we characterized cd14+ monocyte-derived dendritic cell (modc) differentiation and maturation and captured monocyte composition dynamics from mid-gestation through calving and into the subsequent lactation in dairy cows (n=7). first, we measured absolute counts of classica ... | 2016 | 27596279 |
| quantitative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in livestock during the course of a nationwide antimicrobial use reduction in the netherlands. | to quantify associations between antimicrobial use and acquired resistance in indicator escherichia coli over a period of time which involved sector-wide antimicrobial use reductions in broilers and pigs (years 2004-14), veal calves (2007-14) and dairy cattle (2005-14). prevalence estimates of resistance were predicted for a hypothetical further decrease in antimicrobial use. | 2016 | 27585970 |
| assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and corn silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. | twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 3×3 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from corn (zea mays) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, and whole-body n and p partitioning. three dietary treatments with ad libitum access to 1 of 3 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4kg/d dairy concentrates were offered. the 3 treatment forage mixtures were, ... | 2016 | 27474976 |
| spatial clustering of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin among dairy cattle farms relative to european starling night roosts. | european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) have been implicated in the dispersal of zoonotic enteric pathogens. however, their role in disseminating antimicrobial-resistant organisms through their home range has not been clearly established. the aim of this study was to determine whether starling night roosts served as foci for spreading organisms with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials among dairy cattle farms. bovine faecal pats were collected from 150 dairy farms in ohio. each farm was visit ... | 2017 | 27460156 |
| surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in dairy cattle farms in the nile delta, egypt. | industrial livestock farming is a possible source of multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) conferring resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins. limited information is currently available on the situation of esbl producers in livestock farming outside of western europe. a surveillance study was conducted from january to may in 2014 in four dairy cattle farms in different areas of the nile delta, egypt. | 2016 | 27458435 |
| short communication: iodine concentrations in serum, milk, and tears after feeding ascophyllum nodosum to dairy cows-a pilot study. | kelp (ascophyllum nodosum) is rich in iodine and often fed by organic dairy producers as a mineral supplement to support animal health. a commonly held belief is that kelp supplementation decreases susceptibility to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis due to increased iodine concentrations in tears. whereas serum and milk iodine concentrations are positively correlated and modulated by oral iodine supplementation, nothing is known about the iodine concentration of tears. therefore, the 3 obje ... | 2016 | 27448858 |
| differential glucocorticoid-induced closure of the blood-milk barrier during lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | bacteria invading the mammary gland can cause pathogen-dependent differences in the permeability of the blood-milk barrier leading to the differential paracellular transfer of blood and milk components. glucocorticoids such as prednisolone (pred) are known to increase the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and quickly restore the decreased milk quality associated with mastitis. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of intramammary pred on the differential permeability of the blo ... | 2016 | 27372589 |
| use of rumination and activity monitoring for the identification of dairy cows with health disorders: part ii. mastitis. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the performance of an automated health-monitoring system (ahms) to identify cows with mastitis based on an alert system (health index score, his) that combines rumination time and physical activity; (2) the number of days between the first his alert and clinical diagnosis (cd) of mastitis by farm personnel; and (3) the daily rumination time, physical activity, and his patterns around cd. holstein cows (n=1,121; 451 nulliparous and 670 multiparous ... | 2016 | 27372584 |
| acute phase proteins as biomarkers of urinary tract infection in dairy cows: diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. | the aims of this study were to investigate the level of acute phase proteins in dairy cows with urinary tract infection (uti) and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. eighty-four lactating cows with clinical and laboratory evidence of uti and 15 healthy controls were included in this study. serum samples were evaluated for the levels of haptoglobin (hp), serum amyloid a (saa), fibrinogen (fb), α1-acid glycoprotein (agp), total protein, and globulin. the diagnostic and prognostic pe ... | 2016 | 27348889 |
| factors associated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli shedding by dairy and beef cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. cattle are the primary reservoir for stec, and food or water contaminated with cattle feces is the most common source of infections in humans. consequently, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,096 cattle in six dairy herds (n = 718 animals) and five beef herds (n = 378 animals) in the summers of 2011 and 2012 to identify epidemiological factors ... | 2016 | 27342555 |
| the impact of intramammary escherichia coli challenge on liver and mammary transcriptome and cross-talk in dairy cows during early lactation using rnaseq. | our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (imi) with escherichia coli (e. coli) using rnaseq technology. sixteen cows were inoculated with live e. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4-6 weeks in lactation. for all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to imi in liver and at 24 h post-imi in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. for a subset of cows (n = 6), rna was ex ... | 2016 | 27336699 |
| influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on intramammary infection in dairy cows. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on bacterial intramammary infection (imi) in dairy cows. a total of 2,106 mastitis pathogens in 12 species were isolated from 125 dairy farms distributed in 30 different cities in china, and the information about these factors was recorded at the same time. mastitis pathogens were isolated from 63.43% of the milk samples, whereas streptococcus agalactiae accounted for ... | 2016 | 27265170 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 limits escherichia coli-induced inflammatory responses via attenuating myd88-dependent and myd88-independent pathway activation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. | intrauterine escherichia coli infection after calving reduces fertility and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. we investigated the protective effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 on e. coli-induced cell damage and inflammation in primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (beecs). l. rhamnosus gr-1 reduced ultrastructure alterations and the percentage of beecs apoptosis after e. coli challenge. increased messenger rna (mrna) expression of immune response indicat ... | 2016 | 27236308 |
| phylogenomic approaches to determine the zoonotic potential of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from zambian dairy cattle. | this study assessed the prevalence and zoonotic potential of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) sampled from 104 dairy units in the central region of zambia and compared these with isolates from patients presenting with diarrhoea in the same region. a subset of 297 e. coli strains were sequenced allowing in silico analyses of phylo- and sero-groups. the majority of the bovine strains clustered in the b1 'commensal' phylogroup (67%) and included a diverse array of serogroups. 11% (41/3 ... | 2016 | 27220895 |
| repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide alter gene expression and lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum. | inflammation of the uterus is associated with disturbed ovarian function and reduced reproductive performance in dairy cows. to investigate the influence of endometritis on the bovine corpus luteum, 8 heifers received intrauterine infusions with either phosphate-buffered saline (pbs; 9ml) or escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; 3µg/kg of body weight diluted in 9ml of pbs) at 6-h intervals from 12h before and until 9d after ovulation during 2 cycles in a random order (ovulation=d 1). an untr ... | 2016 | 27179870 |
| impact of seasonal conditions on quality and pathogens content of milk in friesian cows. | heat stress negatively affects milk quality altering its nutritive value and cheese making properties. this study aimed at assessing the impact of seasonal microclimatic conditions on milk quality of friesian cows. the study was carried out in a dairy farm from june 2013 to may 2014 at beni-suef province, egypt. inside the barn daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded and used to calculate the daily maximum temperature-humidity index (mxthi), which was used as indicator of t ... | 2016 | 27165021 |
| randomized clinical trial comparing ceftiofur hydrochloride with a positive control protocol for intramammary treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to compare ceftiofur hydrochloride with a positive control protocol for intramammary treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. a total of 264 clinical mastitis cases on 11 commercial dairy farms were treated with intramammary infusions, once a day for 4 d using 1 of 2 treatments: (1) ceftiofur hydrochloride 125mg; or (2) control: tetracycline 200mg + neomycin 250mg + bacitracin 28mg + prednisolone 10mg. streptococcus agalactiae was the most frequentl ... | 2016 | 27157576 |
| acute phase response in lactating dairy cows during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamps and after intramammary lps challenge. | the link between energy availability, turnover of energy substrates and the onset of inflammation in dairy cows is complex and poorly investigated. to clarify this, plasma inflammatory variables were measured in mid-lactating dairy cows allocated to three groups: hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic clamp, induced by insulin infusion (hypog, n = 5); hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp, induced by insulin and glucose infusion (eug; n = 6); control, receiving a saline solution infusion (nacl; n = 6). at ... | 2016 | 27079943 |
| short communication: the role of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) on antibiotic resistance regulation in an escherichia coli strain isolated from a dairy cow with mastitis. | extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-positive escherichia coli is a major etiological organism responsible for bovine mastitis. the autoinducer 2 (ai-2) quorum sensing system is widely present in many species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and has been proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. in e. coli model strains, the functional mechanisms of ai-2 have been well studied; however, in clinical antibiotic-resistant e. coli strains, whether ai-2 affects the expression ... | 2016 | 27060825 |
| draft genome sequence of an escherichia coli o8:h19 sequence type 708 strain isolated from a holstein dairy cow with metritis. | we present here the genome sequence ofescherichia colio8:h19 strain kcj852, belonging to multilocus sequence type (mlst) 708, isolated from the uterus of a cow with a bovine postpartum uterine infection known as metritis. genomic investigation of kcj852 will help us understand its virulence potential. | 2016 | 27056235 |
| enrofloxacin in dairy cattle with escherichia coli mastitis. | | 2016 | 27034300 |
| relationship between escherichia coli virulence factors and postpartum metritis in dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to report the prevalence of escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows before the onset of postpartum metritis (ppm) and to quantify their association with subsequent occurrence of ppm, to quantify the association between the presence of genes encoding e. coli virulence factors (vf) and ppm, and to determine the accuracy of using early postpartum uterine bacteriology results (bacteria and vf) to identify cows at risk of ppm. ... | 2016 | 27016836 |
| evaluation of two multi-locus sequence typing schemes for commensal escherichia coli from dairy cattle in washington state. | multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) is a useful system for phylogenetic and epidemiological studies of multidrug-resistant escherichiacoli. most studies utilize a seven-locus mlst, but an alternate two-locus typing method (fumc and fimh; ch typing) has been proposed that may offer a similar degree of discrimination at lower cost. herein, we compare ch typing to the standard seven-locus method for typing commensal e. coli isolates from dairy cattle. in addition, we evaluated alternative combinatio ... | 2016 | 27001705 |
| proposal for agar disk diffusion interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens using cefoperazone 30μg disks. | cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used for bovine mastitis therapy. bacterial pathogens involved in bovine mastitis are frequently tested for their susceptibility to cefoperazone. so far, the cefoperazone susceptibility testing using 30μg disks has been hampered by the lack of quality control (qc) ranges as well as the lack of interpretive criteria. in 2014, qc ranges for 30 μg cefoperazone disks have been established for staphylococcus aureus atcc(®) 25923 and e ... | 2017 | 26987627 |
| molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli strains from a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings. | this study describes the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 78 genetically different escherichia coli recovered from the air and exudate samples of a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings in spain, in order to gain insight into the flow of antimicrobial resistance through the environment and food supply. | 2016 | 26969806 |
| bovine natural antibodies in antibody-dependent bactericidal activity against escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium and risk of mastitis. | natural antibodies (nabs) are mostly igm antibodies produced without antigenic stimulation and serve as a first line of defence of the immune system. as both natural and specific antibodies are present in animals, nabs are studied by determining the igm response to naïve antigens like keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh). in this study, we selected cows based on high and low anti-klh igm titers, reflecting high and low nab titers, and determined if the anti-klh igm titers were indicative for the reco ... | 2016 | 26964714 |
| mechanisms linking bacterial infections of the bovine endometrium to disease and infertility. | bacterial infections of the endometrium after parturition commonly cause metritis and endometritis in dairy cattle, and these diseases are important because they compromise animal welfare and incur economic costs, as well as delaying or preventing conception. here we highlight that uterine infections cause infertility, discuss which bacteria cause uterine disease, and review the evidence for mechanisms of inflammation and tissue damage in the endometrium. bacteria cultured from the uterus of dis ... | 2016 | 26952747 |
| identification of fimbrial subunits in the genome of trueperella pyogenes and association between serum antibodies against fimbrial proteins and uterine conditions in dairy cows. | understanding the role of fimbrial subunits during bacterial adherence and the host's immunological response against anchorage proteins is critical for the development of strategies to prevent pathogens from thriving. the objectives of the present study were to locate fimbria-related proteins in the genome of trueperella pyogenes (cp007519), define their importance for bacterial adherence, and evaluate the association between serum antibodies against fimbrial subunits and uterine health in dairy ... | 2016 | 26947291 |
| dynamics of postpartum endometrial cytology and bacteriology and their relationship to fertility in dairy cows. | endometrial samples were obtained from 56 consecutively calving dairy cows examined for endometrial cytology and for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth. changes over time, correlations between different cell types and between cell and bacterial populations and with fertility measures were calculated. the proportion of neutrophils in cytologic preparations decreased with time postpartum. other cell types did not change significantly with time. the proportion of neutrophils early (day 0 and 7) ... | 2016 | 26944540 |
| antimicrobial resistance profiles in escherichia coli o157 isolates from northern colorado dairies. | escherichia coli o157 (eco157) infections can lead to serious disease and death in humans. although the ecology of eco157 is complex, ruminant animals serve as an important reservoir for human infection. dairy cattle are unique because they may be a source of contamination for milk, meat, and manure-fertilized crops. foodborne dairy pathogens such as eco157 are of primary importance to public health. antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a complex phenomenon that complicates the treatment of serious ... | 2016 | 26939660 |
| prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in culled dairy cows at harvest. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145 (collectively ehec-6) plus ehec o157 in fecal, hide, and preintervention carcass surface samples from culled dairy cows. matched samples (n = 300) were collected from 100 cows at harvest and tested by a culture-based method and two molecular methods: neoseek stec (ns) and atlas stec eg2 combo. both the culture and ns methods can be used t ... | 2016 | 26939652 |
| intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion alters gene expression but does not induce lysis of the bovine corpus luteum. | data from various studies indicate that the ovarian function in dairy cows can be compromised during intramammary infections. therefore, in this study, we investigated if an experimentally induced mastitis has an effect on corpus luteum (cl) function in 14 lactating cows. on d 9 of the estrous cycle (d 1=ovulation), cows received a single dose of 200 μg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; dissolved in 10 ml of nacl; n=8) or 10 ml of saline (control; n=6) into one quarter of the mammary ... | 2016 | 26923046 |
| predictors of fatal outcomes resulting from acute escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. | to evaluate the prognostic criteria for identifying cows at an increased risk of a fatal outcome from acute escherichia coli mastitis, the potential cut-off values for five diagnostic parameters associated with a high mortality were determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. these criteria were hematocrit value >32%, blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration >0.4 meq/l, antithrombin activity <120%, platelet count <15 × 10(4)/ml and presence of dysstasia. exceeding the cut ... | 2016 | 26875836 |
| changes in endometrial transcription of tlr2, tlr4, and cd14 during the first-week postpartum in dairy cows with retained placenta. | changes in the endometrial transcription of pattern recognition receptors may increase the susceptibility to postpartum uterine infections in holstein cows with retained placenta. to test this hypothesis, nine cows with retained placenta and ten cows without retained placenta were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum. cows were monitored weekly with clinical and gynecological examinations until 42 days postpartum. samples of the uterine contents were collect ... | 2016 | 26777563 |
| an assessment of evidence data gaps in the investigation of possible transmission routes of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli from livestock to humans in the uk. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in both humans and animals. globally, there has been much research done regarding resistant bacteria in the livestock industry, but few published resources collate this information. this report discusses a risk assessment (ra) framework and subsequent analysis of data availability for amr in bacteria from 4 livestock sectors: dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs and poultry, with particular reference ... | 2016 | 26776885 |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel bacteriophage cocktail as a preventative for bovine coliform mastitis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of bacteriophage in preventing escherichia coli mastitis on dairies. a cocktail consisting of 4 distinct bacteriophages was generated by screening against 36 e. coli isolates from dairy cows in washington state with clinical mastitis. the bacteriophage significantly inhibited growth of 58% of the washington state isolates and 54% of e. coli mastitis isolates from new york state, suggesting that the cocktail of phages had a relative ... | 2016 | 26774718 |
| streptococcus uberis strains isolated from the bovine mammary gland evade immune recognition by mammary epithelial cells, but not of macrophages. | streptococcus uberis is frequently isolated from the mammary gland of dairy cattle. infection with some strains can induce mild subclinical inflammation whilst others induce severe inflammation and clinical mastitis. we compared here the inflammatory response of primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbmec) towards s. uberis strains collected from clinical or subclinical cases (seven strains each) of mastitis with the strong response elicited by escherichia coli. neither heat inact ... | 2016 | 26738804 |
| draft genome sequences of 14 escherichia coli phages isolated from cattle slurry. | the diversity of bacteriophages in slurry from dairy cows remains largely unknown. here, we report the draft genome sequences of 14 bacteriophages isolated from dairy cow slurry using escherichia coli k-12 mg1655 as a host. | 2015 | 26722010 |
| lactic acid bacteria isolated from bovine mammary microbiota: potential allies against bovine mastitis. | bovine mastitis is a costly disease in dairy cattle worldwide. as of yet, the control of bovine mastitis is mostly based on prevention by thorough hygienic procedures during milking. additional strategies include vaccination and utilization of antibiotics. despite these measures, mastitis is not fully under control, thus prompting the need for alternative strategies. the goal of this study was to isolate autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (lab) from bovine mammary microbiota that exhibit benefic ... | 2015 | 26713450 |
| effects of monensin and starch level in early lactation diets on indices of immune function in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary starch level and monensin on immune function. prior to parturition, primiparous (n=21) and multiparous (n=49) holstein cows were fed a common controlled energy close-up diet with a daily topdress of either 0 or 400 mg/d monensin. from 1 to 21 d in milk (dim), cows were fed a high-starch (hs; 26.2% starch) or low-starch (ls; 21.5% starch) total mixed ration with a daily topdress of either 0 or 450 mg of monensin/d continuing with p ... | 2016 | 26709159 |
| incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic canadian dairy farms. | mastitis is a common and costly production disease on dairy farms. in canada, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (ircm) has been determined for conventionally managed dairy farms; however, no studies to date have assessed rates in organically managed systems. the objectives of this observational study were (1) to determine the producer-reported ircm and predominant pathogen types on conventional and organic dairy farms in southern ontario, canada, and (2) to evaluate the association of both ... | 2016 | 26686728 |
| il-17a is an important effector of the immune response of the mammary gland to escherichia coli infection. | the cytokine il-17a has been shown to play critical roles in host defense against bacterial and fungal infections at different epithelial sites, but its role in the defense of the mammary gland (mg) has seldom been investigated, although infections of the mg constitute the main pathology afflicting dairy cows. in this study, we showed that il-17a contributes to the defense of the mg against escherichia coli infection by using a mouse mastitis model. after inoculation of the mg with a mastitis-ca ... | 2016 | 26685206 |
| evidence of no protection for a recurrent case of pathogen specific clinical mastitis from a previous case. | the objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of a previous case of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm) protects holstein dairy cows against a recurrent case. pathogens studied were escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., klebsiella spp., and trueperella pyogenes. a total of 40 864 lactations (17,265 primiparous and 23,599 multiparous) from 19 835 cows from 5 large, high milk producing new york state dairy herds were analysed. ... | 2016 | 26568557 |
| potential of lactic acid bacteria at regulating escherichia coli infection and inflammation of bovine endometrium. | about 40% of dairy cattle develop uterine disease during postpartum period, causing infertility. some studies indicate that uterine infection, predominantly by escherichia coli in the first week postpartum, is associated with metritis, an uterus inflammation in which the cow fails to completely clear bacterial contaminants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four lactic acid bacteria (lab) (lactobacillus rhamnosus, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus reuteri, and lactobac ... | 2016 | 26549120 |
| detection of genes encoding multidrug resistance and biofilm virulence factor in uterine pathogenic bacteria in postpartum dairy cows. | reckless use of antibiotics and/or development of biofilm are the rationale for the development of multidrug resistance (mdr) of pathogenic bacteria. the objective of the present study was to detect mdr genes in trueperella pyogenes and to detect biofilm virulence factor (vf) genes in escherichia coli isolated from the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. uterine secretions from different parity postpartum holstein cows (n = 40) were collected using cytobrush technique after a sterile procedure from ... | 2016 | 26534827 |
| multiple antibiotic resistances among shiga toxin producing escherichia coli o157 in feces of dairy cattle farms in eastern cape of south africa. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 is a well-recognized cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the ability of stec strains to cause human disease is due to the production of shiga toxins. the objectives of this study were to determinate the prevalence, serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the genetic capability for shiga toxin production in escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from dairy cattle farms in two rural communities in the easte ... | 2015 | 26475706 |
| erratum: prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among escherichia coli isolated from zambian dairy cattle across different production systems. | | 2015 | 26390035 |
| photoimmunological properties of borage in bovine neutrophil in vitro model. | borage (echium amoenum fisch) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants, and has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for many (non)infectious diseases in iran. study on photoredox and photoimmunology of borage is little. natural immunomodulatory plants with minimal adverse/toxic effects could help boost animal health and, ultimately, public health. to determine the effect of borage on the functions of key circulating innate immune cells, effects of borage extract (be) on bovi ... | 2015 | 26334939 |
| lactococcus lactis v7 inhibits the cell invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells by escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. | bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland often associated to bacterial infection, is the first cause of antibiotic use in dairy cattle. because of the risk of antibioresistance emergence, alternative non-antibiotic strategies are needed to prevent or to cure bovine mastitis and reduce the antibiotic use in veterinary medicine. in this work, we investigated lactococcus lactis v7, a strain isolated from the mammary gland, as a probiotic option against bovine mastitis. using bo ... | 2015 | 26322541 |
| effector responses of bovine blood neutrophils against escherichia coli: role of nod1/nf-κb signalling pathway. | neutrophils use a broad array of pattern recognition receptors to sense and respond to invading pathogens and are important in the early control of acute bacterial infections. nucleotide-binding oligomerizing domain-1 (nod1) is a cytoplasmic receptor involved in recognizing bacterial peptidoglycan. reduced neutrophil nod1 expression has been reported in periparturient dairy cows. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of nod1 signalling in the early responses of bovine neutrophils to ... | 2015 | 26321220 |
| preparation and preliminary application of madcam-1 polyclonal antibody in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. | madcam-1 plays an important role in mediating immune response and inflammation. this study aimed to express and purify a fusion protein of madcam-1 in prokaryotic cells and to prepare rat anti-bovine madcam-1 polyclonal antibodies. prokaryotic expression vector pgex-4t-1-madcam-1 and pet-28a-madcam-1 were constructed, respectively. the above plasmids were transformed into bl21 escherichia coli strain. these recombinant strains were induced by iptg and identified by western blot analysis and sds- ... | 2015 | 26301930 |
| prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among escherichia coli isolated from zambian dairy cattle across different production systems. | this study focused on the use of antibiotics on small, medium and commercial-sized dairy farms in the central region of zambia and its relationship to antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli. a stratified random sample of 104 farms was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. on each farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. an e. coli isolate was obtained from ... | 2015 | 26211388 |
| risk factors for quinolone-resistant escherichia coli in feces from preweaned dairy calves and postpartum dairy cows. | quinolone resistance may emerge in gut bacteria (e.g., in escherichia coli) of animals. such bacteria could cause infections in the animal itself or be transmitted to humans via the food chain. quinolone resistance is also observed in fecal e. coli of healthy dairy cattle, but the prevalence varies between farms, not solely as a result of varying degree of fluoroquinolone exposure. the objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the fecal shedding of quinolone-resistant e. coli (qre ... | 2015 | 26188574 |
| [infection risks associated with importation of fresh food in iceland]. | access to safe food is a privilege for people living in iceland. rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance, related to factory farming and antimicrobial use in agriculture, is a major threat to public health. increasing food trade between countries and continents facilitates global spread of pathogens and resistance. icelandic agriculture has benefitted from its isolation and small size. after interventions to reduce the prevalence of campylobacter and salmonella at poultry farms, the incidence ... | 2015 | 26158536 |
| different chronological patterns of appearance of blood derived milk components during mastitis indicate different mechanisms of transfer from blood into milk. | this study aimed to describe chronological patterns of changes of various candidate blood components in milk during the acute phase of a mammary immune response in detail. eight dairy cows were challenged with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in one udder quarter. milk from challenged and control quarters and blood samples were taken before, and 1 and 2 h after challenge and then every 15 min until 5 h after challenge. the scc, serum albumin, immunoglobulin (ig)g1, igg2, lactate dehydrogenase ... | 2015 | 26137855 |
| influence of intramammary infection of a single gland in dairy cows on the cow's milk quality. | intramammary infection (imi), comprises a group of costly diseases affecting dairy animals worldwide. many dairy parlours are equipped with on-line computerised data acquisition systems designed to detect imi. however, the data collected is related to the cow level, therefore the contribution of infected glands to the recorded parameters may be over estimated. the present study aimed at evaluating the influence of single gland imi by different bacteria species on the cow's overall milk quality. ... | 2015 | 26134490 |
| short communication: effects of bos taurus autosome 9-located quantitative trait loci haplotypes on enzymatic mastitis indicators of milk from dairy cows experimentally inoculated with escherichia coli. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a quantitative trait locus associated with mastitis caused by escherichia coli, with one haplotype being more susceptible (hh) and another being more resistant (hl) to e. coli mastitis, on the activity of 4 inflammatory related milk enzymes. in particular, we investigated the suitability of β-glucuronidase (glu) as an early indicator of e. coli mastitis. besides glu, the enzymes l-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (na ... | 2015 | 26026757 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of mastitis pathogens isolated from acute cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows across europe: vetpath results. | vetpath is an ongoing pan-european antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry not recently treated with antibiotics. non-replicate milk samples were collected from cows with acute clinical mastitis in eight countries. escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus uberis were isolated by standardised methods. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined in a central laboratory by clsi broth microdilution methodology; re ... | 2015 | 26003836 |
| infrared thermography of the udder after experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis in cows. | the study aimed to use infrared thermography (irt) to evaluate the changes in udder surface temperature after induction of escherichia coli mastitis in the right hind quarter. over a time period of 24 h before to 24 h post-inoculation, thermograms of both hind quarters were taken every 2 h to determine maximum (tmax) and average (tavg) temperatures. differences in both maximum and average temperatures (dtmax and dtavg) were calculated, as well as temperature differences between both hind quarter ... | 2015 | 25957921 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella and escherichia coli from australian cattle populations at slaughter. | antimicrobial agents are used in cattle production systems for the prevention and control of bacteria associated with diseases. australia is the world's third largest exporter of beef; however, this country does not have an ongoing surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (amr) in cattle or in foods derived from these animals. in this study, 910 beef cattle, 290 dairy cattle, and 300 veal calf fecal samples collected at slaughter were examined for the presence of escherichia coli and sal ... | 2015 | 25951384 |