| an integrated semiconductor device enabling non-optical genome sequencing. | the seminal importance of dna sequencing to the life sciences, biotechnology and medicine has driven the search for more scalable and lower-cost solutions. here we describe a dna sequencing technology in which scalable, low-cost semiconductor manufacturing techniques are used to make an integrated circuit able to directly perform non-optical dna sequencing of genomes. sequence data are obtained by directly sensing the ions produced by template-directed dna polymerase synthesis using all-natural ... | 2011 | 21776081 |
| distribution of classical and non-classical virulence genes in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from chilean children and tdna screening for putative insertion sites for genomic islands. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) are an important cause of diarrhea. three adhesins (tia, tiba, etpa), an iron acquisition system (irp1, irp2 and fyua), a gtpase (leoa) and an autotransporter (eata) are etec virulence-related proteins that, in contrast to the classical virulence factors (enterotoxins and fimbrial colonization factors) have not heretofore been targets in characterizing isolates from epidemiological studies. here, we determined the occurrence of these non-classical virulenc ... | 2011 | 21775541 |
| [polyclonal antibodies against human cell-surface antigen cd34]. | an efficient and inexpensive laboratory approach for the generation and the purification of polyclonal antibodies to human antigen cd34 was developed. it was shown that cloned refolded and purified from escherichia coli recombinant extracellular fragment of cd34 antigen retained immunogenic determinants of cell-surface expressed cd34. immunization of mice with unglycosylated truncated recombinant protein elicit polyclonal antibodies specific for the native human antigen cd34. the antibodies gene ... | 2011 | 21774397 |
| antibacterial activity of selected ethnomedicinal plants from south india. | to screen the antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants chassalia curviflora thw. (c. curviflora), cyclea peltata hook. f. & thomson (c. peltata) and euphorbia hirta l (e. hirta) used in folk medicines in aarukani hills kani tribe, tamil nadu, india against human bacterial pathogens. | 2011 | 21771680 |
| proteins from erwinia asparaginase erwinase(®) and e. coli asparaginase 2 medac(®) for treatment of human leukemia, show a multitude of modifications for which the consequences are completely unclear. | l-asparaginase from erwinia chrysanthemi (aspg_erwch; uniprotkb accession number p06608 (erwinase(®) )) and l-asparaginase 2 from escherichia coli (aspg2_ecoli; uniprotkb accession number p00805 (medac(®) )), both l-asparagine amidohydrolases, are widely used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. a series of serious side effects have been reported and this warrants studies into the protein chemistry of the medical products sold. mass spectrometry (ms) data on aspg_erwch and aspg2_ec ... | 2011 | 21769889 |
| diverse substrate recognition and hydrolysis mechanisms of human nudt5. | human nudt5 (hnudt5) hydrolyzes various modified nucleoside diphosphates including 8-oxo-dgdp, 8-oxo-dadp and adp-ribose (adpr). however, the structural basis of the broad substrate specificity remains unknown. here, we report the crystal structures of hnudt5 complexed with 8-oxo-dgdp and 8-oxo-dadp. these structures reveal an unusually different substrate-binding mode. in particular, the positions of two phosphates (a and ß phosphates) of substrate in the 8-oxo-dgdp and 8-oxo-dadp complexes are ... | 2011 | 21768126 |
| leaching of human pathogens in repacked soil lysimeters and contamination of potato tubers under subsurface drip irrigation in denmark. | the risk for contamination of potatoes and groundwater through subsurface drip irrigation with low quality water was explored in 30 large-scale lysimeters containing repacked coarse sand and sandy loam soils. the human pathogens, salmonella senftenberg, campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli o157:h7, and the virus indicator salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage 28b, were added weekly through irrigation tubes for one month with low irrigation rates (8 mm per week). in the following six months l ... | 2011 | 21762945 |
| melioidosis in birds and burkholderia pseudomallei dispersal, australia. | to the editor: melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, which inhabits soil and surface water in the disease-endemic regions of southeast asia and northern australia (1). the aim of this study was to assess the potential for birds to spread b. pseudomallei. birds are known carriers of various human pathogens, including influenza viruses, west nile virus, campylobacter jejuni, and antimicrobial drug-resist ... | 2011 | 21762599 |
| crystal structure of human isg15 in complex with influenza b virus ns1b. | isg15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15), the first ubiquitin-like protein (ubl) identified, has emerged as an important cellular antiviral factor. it consists of two ubl domains with a short linker between them. the covalent attachment of isg15 to host and viral proteins to modify their functions, similar to ubiquitylation, is named as isgylation. influenza b virus ns1b protein antagonizes human but not mouse isgylation because ns1b exhibits species-specificity: it only binds human and non-human p ... | 2011 | 21757684 |
| expression, refolding and purification of ov-grn-1, a granulin-like growth factor from the carcinogenic liver fluke, that causes proliferation of mammalian host cells. | granulins (grns) are potent growth factors that are upregulated in many aggressive cancers from a wide range of organs. grns form tight, disulphide bonded, beta hairpin stacks, making them difficult to express in recombinant form. we recently described ov-grn-1, a grn family member secreted by the carcinogenic liver fluke of humans, opisthorchis viverrini, and showed that recombinant ov-grn-1 expressed and refolded from escherichia coli caused proliferation of mammalian cell lines at nanomolar c ... | 2011 | 21757010 |
| plasmodium vivax: comparison of immunogenicity among proteins expressed in the cell-free systems of escherichia coli and wheat germ by suspension array assays. | abstract: | 2011 | 21756349 |
| epitope mapping of antibodies directed against the human neutrophil alloantigen 3a. | background: severe transfusion-related acute lung injury is often caused by antibodies directed against the human neutrophil alloantigen (hna)-3a. hna-3a results from an amino acid exchange (arg154gln) in the first extracellular loop of the choline transporter-like protein 2 (ctl2). the characteristics of the binding domain(s) of hna-3a antibodies are unknown. study design and methods: for epitope mapping, a library of 23 different hna-3a (r(154)) and three hna-3b (q(154)) peptides covering diff ... | 2011 | 21756260 |
| microfluidic fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry (µflowfish). | we describe an integrated microfluidic device (µflowfish) capable of performing 16s rrna fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) followed by flow cytometric detection for identifying bacteria in natural microbial communities. the device was used for detection of species involved in bioremediation of cr(vi) and other metals in groundwater samples from a highly-contaminated environmental site (hanford, wa, usa). the µflowfish seamlessly integrates two components: a hybridization chamber formed b ... | 2011 | 21755095 |
| iliopsoas abscess and spondylodiscitis by staphylococcus aureus: successful clinical treatment. | although pyogenic abscess of the iliopsoas muscle is considered an uncommon condition, its incidence is on the increase. this abscess may be primary if it occurs without a causal factor; more frequently, it is secondary to gastrointestinal or genitourinary affections, or trauma. the main aetiological agents differ among primary (staphylococcus aureus) and secondary (escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, streptococcus spp, bacteroides spp) abscess. we report the case of a 64-year-old man with iliopso ... | 2011 | 21753252 |
| temporal variations in early gut microbial colonization are associated with allergen-specific immunoglobulin e but not atopic eczema at 2 years of age. | background intestinal microbiota undergoes substantial development during the first 2 years of life, important for intestinal immunologic development and maturation influencing systemic immune responses. objective we aimed to investigate, using a prospective study design, whether allergen-specific ige (sige) and atopic eczema are associated with variations in gut microbial colonization patterns in an unselected population during the first 2 years of life. methods faeces from 94 infants were repe ... | 2011 | 21749499 |
| efficient refolding of a hydrophobic protein with multiple s-s bonds by on-resin immobilized metal affinity chromatography. | the efficient refolding of recombinant proteins produced in the form of inclusion bodies (ibs) in escherichia coli still is a complicated experimental problem especially for large hydrophobic highly disulfide-bonded proteins. the aim of this work was to develop highly efficient and simple refolding procedure for such a protein. the recombinant c-terminal fragment of human alpha-fetoprotein (rafp-cterm), which has molecular weight of 26 kda and possesses 6 s-s bonds, was expressed in the form of ... | 2011 | 21676401 |
| remarkable expression in the colon adenocarcinoma of hmat-xa, a human mannosyltransferase-like gene, that is homologous to drosophila gene gc15914. | we cloned a novel human mannosyltransferase-like gene, designated hmat-xa, as a gene homologous to the drosophila gc15914 gene encoding the 9qvxn0 protein: see "project report for fy2002 on the 'construction of libraries of human genes participating in glycosylation' project" 43-45 (2003), new energy and industrial technology development organization (nedo), nedo and research association for biotechnology, tokyo, japan (in japanese). after that, the gtdc1 gene, as reported by zhao et al., dna ce ... | 2011 | 21821951 |
| bioanalytical tools for the evaluation of organic micropollutants during sewage treatment, water recycling and drinking water generation. | a bioanalytical test battery was used for monitoring organic micropollutants across an indirect potable reuse scheme testing sites across the complete water cycle from sewage to drinking water to assess the efficacy of different treatment barriers. the indirect potable reuse scheme consists of seven treatment barriers: (1) source control, (2) wastewater treatment plant, (3) microfiltration, (4) reverse osmosis, (5) advanced oxidation, (6) natural environment in a reservoir and (7) drinking water ... | 2011 | 21704353 |
| altered toll-like receptor 2-mediated endotoxin tolerance is related to diminished interferon {beta} production. | induction of endotoxin tolerance leads to a reduced inflammatory response after repeated challenge by lps and is important for resolution of inflammation and prevention of tissue damage. enterobacterial lps is recognized by the tlr4 signaling complex, whereas lps of some non-enterobacterial organisms is capable of signaling independently of tlr4 utilizing tlr2-mediated signal transduction instead. in this study we report that porphyromonas gingivalis lps, a tlr2 agonist, fails to induce a fully ... | 2011 | 21705332 |
| identification of the binding modes of n-phenylphthalimides inhibiting bacterial thymidylate synthase through x-ray crystallography screening. | to identify specific bacterial thymidylate synthase (ts) inhibitors, we exploited phenolphthalein (pth), which inhibits both bacterial and human enzymes. the x-ray crystal structure of lactobacillus casei ts (lcts) that binds pth showed multiple binding modes of the inhibitor, which prevented a classical structure-based drug design approach. to overcome this issue, we synthesized two phthalimidic libraries that were tested against ts enzymes and then we performed x-ray crystallographic screening ... | 2011 | 21696158 |
| a genetic algorithm for the optimization of the thermoinduction protocol for high-level production of recombinant human-like collagen from escherichia coli. | production of recombinant human-like collagen (rhlc) by thermoinduction of recombinant escherichia coli bl 21 during high cell density cultivation was investigated in a 30 l bioreactor. the effects of induction temperature (t), ph, and carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio of the nutrient medium (c/n) were examined. the optimal thermoinduction protocol for rhlc production was determined by using a model coupling genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks. the optimal operating conditions were as ... | 2011 | 21679241 |
| evaluation of the genotoxic potential of single-wall carbon nanotubes by using a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. | the genotoxic potential of a high purity sample of single-wall carbon nanotubes (swcnts) was evaluated using a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. these comprised a bacterial reverse mutation test (ames test), an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. the swcnts exerted no genotoxicity in salmonella typhimurium ta97, ta98, ta100, and ta1535, or in escherichia coli wp2 uvra/pkm101, whether in the absence or presence of metabolic ... | 2011 | 21821090 |
| induction of bone formation by escherichia coli-expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 using block-type macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate in orthotopic and ectopic rat models. | park j-c, so s-s, jung i-h, yun j-h, choi s-h, cho k-s, kim c-s. induction of bone formation by escherichia coli-expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 using block-type macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate in orthotopic and ectopic rat models. j periodont res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01390.x. -® 2011 john wiley & sons a/s background and objective:ôçé the potential of the escherichia coli-expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (erhbmp-2) to support ... | 2011 | 21702756 |
| development of a novel high-throughput screen and identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the g{alpha}-rgs17 protein-protein interaction using alphascreen. | in this study, the authors used alphascreen technology to develop a high-throughput screening method for interrogating small-molecule libraries for inhibitors of the g+¦(o)-rgs17 interaction. rgs17 is implicated in the growth, proliferation, metastasis, and the migration of prostate and lung cancers. rgs17 is upregulated in lung and prostate tumors up to a 13-fold increase over patient-matched normal tissues. studies show rgs17 knockdown inhibits colony formation and decreases tumorigenesis in n ... | 2011 | 21680864 |
| functional prokaryotic-eukaryotic chimera from the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel family. | pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (plgics), which mediate chemo-electric signal transduction in animals, have been recently found in bacteria. despite clear sequence and 3d structure homology, the phylogenetic distance between prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs suggests significant structural divergences, especially at the interface between the extracellular (ecd) and the transmembrane (tmd) domains. to challenge this possibility, we constructed a chimera in which the ecd of the bacterial pr ... | 2011 | 21730130 |
| optimizing hiv-1 protease production in escherichia coli as fusion protein. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is the etiological agent in aids and related diseases. the aspartyl protease encoded by the 5' portion of the pol gene is responsible for proteolytic processing of the gag-pol polyprotein precursor to yield the mature capsid protein and the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes. the hiv protease (hiv-1pr) is considered an attractive target for designing inhibitors which could be used to tackle aids and therefore it is still the object of a number of inves ... | 2011 | 21718537 |
| feedback regulation of ran gene expression by ran protein. | ran, an abundant gtpase that is highly conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to human, has been implicated in many aspects of nuclear structure and function. recently it is revealed that the ran gtpase can regulate the hemocytic phagocytosis of shrimp by interaction with myosin. however the regulation of ran gene expression remains unknown. in this study, the promoter of shrimp ran gene was identified which contained a typical tata box. the results showed that the shrimp ran protein was bound with ... | 2011 | 21741460 |
| crowding promotes the switch from hairpin to pseudoknot conformation in human telomerase rna. | formation of a pseudoknot (pk) in the conserved rna core domain in the ribonucleoprotein human telomerase is required for function. in vitro experiments show that the pk is in equilibrium with an extended hairpin (hp) structure. we use molecular simulations of a coarse-grained model, which reproduces most of the salient features of the experimental melting profiles of pk and hp, to show that crowding enhances the stability of pk relative to hp in the wild type and in a mutant associated with dys ... | 2011 | 21736319 |
| physicochemical and microbiological assessment of recreational and drinking waters. | the present study was aimed to make an assessment of health risk due to pollution and human pathogenic bacteria associated with the recreational and drinking water sources in twin densely populated holy indian cities ayodhya and faizabad. though physicochemical studies revealed that the water available in the area is under recommended limits for human use, it is unsafe on account of poor microbiological quality of surface and ground water in the region. the most probable number (mpn) test result ... | 2011 | 21713494 |
| derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells by lentiviral transduction. | this chapter provides a method for reprogramming human dermal fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) using three lentiviruses containing cdnas for oct4 and sox2, klf4 and c-myc, and nanog and lin28, respectively. lentiviral vectors are based on the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and provide an effective means for the delivery, integration, and expression of exogenous genes in mammalian cells. lentiviruses are attractive gene delivery vehicles as they are able to infect both ... | 2011 | 21822868 |
| use of real-time, label-free analysis in revealing low-affinity binding to blood group antigens by helicobacter pylori. | infectious diseases are often initiated by microbial adherence that is mediated by the binding of attachment molecules, termed adhesins, to cell surface receptors on host cells. we present an experimental system, oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (oi-rd) microscopy, which allows the detection of novel, low-affinity microbial attachment mechanisms that may be essential for infectious processes. oi-rd microscopy was used to analyze direct binding of the oncopathogen, helicobacter pylori ( ... | 2011 | 21721569 |
| high-level production of a kringle domain variant by high-cell-density cultivation of escherichia coli. | human kringle domains (kds) are ubiquitously expressed binding modulators that fold into seven flexible loops and it has been previously demonstrated that kds can be engineered toward target-specific binding proteins as a non-antibody protein scaffold. here, we report a method for efficient expression of a kd derivative (kd548)-a promising anti-cancer agent-by high-cell-density culture of escherichia coli at a preparative scale production. the correct folding of kd548 requires three disulfide bo ... | 2011 | 21713514 |
| [construction and identification of a eukaryotic expression vector containing human homeobox gene]. | in order to investigate the special role of hoxb4 in expansion and self renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, the cdna of hoxb4 was extracted and cloned from umbilical cord blood mononucler cells by using rt-pcr. then the eukaryotic expression bicistron plasmid vector pires2-egfp/hoxb4 was designed and constructed after cutting hoxb4 and pires2-egfp respectively by restriction enzyme ecori and bamhi. the recombinant plasmid was delivered into competent cells of escherichia coli. the successful co ... | 2011 | 21729558 |
| enteroaggregative e. coli o104 from an outbreak of hus in germany 2011, could it happen again? | enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) particularly o157:h7 (sequence type 11 complex), is the best documented and most well-known of e. coli that cause diarrhoea. the importance of ehec lies in the severity of disease. outbreaks can infect thousands of people causing bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) that in turn can result in protracted illness or even death. the ability of ehec to colonise the human gut is normally associated with the presence of genes from another group of dia ... | 2011 | 21727640 |
| drug metabolism by cyp2c8.3 is determined by substrate dependent interactions with cytochrome p450 reductase and cytochrome b5. | genetic polymorphisms in cyp2c8 can influence the metabolism of important therapeutic agents and cause interindividual variation in drug response and toxicity. the significance of the variant cyp2c8*3 has been controversial with reports of higher in vivo but lower in vitro activity compared to cyp2c8*1. in this study, the contribution of the redox partners cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) and cytochrome b5 to the substrate dependent activity of cyp2c8.3 (r139k, k399r) was investigated in human li ... | 2011 | 21726541 |
| a flow cytometry-based assay for screening fimh antagonists. | abstract urinary tract infections (utis), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, affect a large proportion of the population and account for significant medical costs. in more than 80% of utis, uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) is the causative pathogen. the initial step in the pathogenesis of the infection is the adherence of upec to the human bladder epithelium, enabling the invasion into the host cells and the development of utis. this process is mediated by the lectin fimh located on typ ... | 2011 | 21675870 |
| recombinant ha1 produced in e. coli forms functional oligomers and generates strain-specific srid potency antibodies for pandemic influenza vaccines. | vaccine production and initiation of mass vaccination is a key factor in rapid response to new influenza pandemic. during the 2009-2010 h1n1 pandemic, several bottlenecks were identified, including the delayed availability of vaccine potency reagents. currently, antisera for the single-radial immunodiffusion (srid) potency assay are generated in sheep immunized repeatedly with ha released and purified after bromelain-treatment of influenza virus grown in eggs. this approach was a major bottlenec ... | 2011 | 21704111 |
| internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 by bovine rectal epithelial cells. | escherichia coli o157:h7 (o157) causes human diarrheal disease and healthy cattle are its primary reservoir. o157 colonize the bovine epithelial mucosa at the recto-anal junction (raj). previous studies show that o157 at this site are not eliminated by aggressive interventions including applications of o157-specific lytic bacteriophages and other bactericidal agents. we hypothesize that some o157 at the raj mucosa are protected from these killing agents by host cell internalization. to test this ... | 2011 | 21687423 |
| bactericidal activity and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite containing gold nanoparticles. | hydroxyapatite (ha) containing gold (au) nanoparticles was synthesized for the biomedical applications. the morphology, structure and thermal properties of the ha containing au nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), energy dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) and thermogravimetry (tga). xrd patterns clearly revealed the formation of ha ... | 2011 | 21830474 |
| biofilms can be dispersed by focusing the immune system on a common family of bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins. | bacteria that cause chronic and/or recurrent diseases often rely on a biofilm lifestyle. the foundation of the biofilm structure is the extracellular polymeric substance (eps) that acts as a barrier to both effectors of the immune system and antimicrobial agents. recent work has highlighted extracellular dna (edna) as a key component common to many pathogenic biofilms. here, we show that the dnabii family of proteins, well known for their strong structural influences on intracellular dna, was al ... | 2011 | 21716265 |
| genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli from human and animal sources uncovers multiple resistances from human sources. | escherichia coli are widely used as indicators of fecal contamination, and in some cases to identify host sources of fecal contamination in surface water. prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined for 600 generic e. coli isolates obtained from surface water and sediment from creeks and channels along the middle santa ana river (msar) watershed of southern california, usa, after a 12 month study. evaluation of e. coli populations along the creeks and channels ... | 2011 | 21687635 |
| keff, the regulatory subunit of the potassium efflux system kefc, shows quinone oxidoreductase activity. | escherichia coli and many other gram-negative pathogenic bacteria protect themselves from the toxic effects of electrophilic compounds by using a potassium efflux system (kef). potassium efflux is coupled to the influx of protons, which lowers the internal ph and results in immediate protection. the activity of the kef system is subject to complex regulation by glutathione and its s conjugates. full activation of kefc requires a soluble ancillary protein, keff. this protein has structural simila ... | 2011 | 21742892 |
| agroenvironmental determinants associated with the presence of antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli in beach waters in quebec, canada. | exposure to microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials may constitute a health risk to human populations. it is believed that one route of exposure occurs when people engage in recreational activities in water contaminated with these microorganisms. the main objective of this study was to explore population-level and environmental determinants specifically associated with the presence of antimicrobial resistant (amr) generic escherichia coli isolated from recreational waters sampled from beaches ... | 2011 | 21824340 |
| genome of multidrug-resistant uropathogenic escherichia coli strain na114 from india. | uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) causes serious infections in people at risk and has a significant environmental prevalence due to contamination by human and animal excreta. in developing countries, upec assumes importance in certain dwellings because of poor community/personal hygiene and exposure to contaminated water or soil. we report the complete genome sequence of e. coli strain na114 from india, a upec strain with a multidrug resistance phenotype and the capacity to produce extended- ... | 2011 | 21685291 |
| recombinant production of antimicrobial peptides in escherichia coli: a review. | antimicrobial peptides are of great interest due to their potential application as novel antibiotics. large quantities of highly purified peptides are required to meet the needs of basic research and clinical trials. compared with isolation from natural sources and chemical synthesis, recombinant approach offers the most cost-effective means for large-scale peptide manufacture. among the systems available for heterologous protein production, escherichia coli has been the most widely used host. a ... | 2011 | 21843642 |
| effects of orally administered bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the well-being and salmonella colonization of young chicks. | bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a bacterium which preys upon and kills gram-negative bacteria, including the zoonotic pathogens escherichia coli and salmonella. bdellovibrio has potential as a biocontrol agent, but no reports of it being tested in living animals have been published, and no data on whether bdellovibrio might spread between animals are available. in this study, we tried to fill this knowledge gap, using b. bacteriovorus hd100 doses in poultry with a normal gut microbiota or predosed ... | 2011 | 21705523 |
| co-expression of tetanus toxin fragment c in escherichia coli with thioredoxin and its evaluation as an effective subunit vaccine candidate. | the receptor-binding domain of tetanus toxin (thc), which mediates the binding of the toxin to the nerve cells, is a candidate subunit vaccine against tetanus. in this study one synthetic gene encoding the thc was constructed and highly expressed in escherichia coli by co-expression with thioredoxin (trx). the purified thc-vaccinated mice were completely protected against an active toxin challenge in mouse models of disease and the potency of two doses of thc was comparable to that of three dose ... | 2011 | 21718736 |
| structure of the membrane domain of respiratory complex i. | complex i is the first and largest enzyme of the respiratory chain, coupling electron transfer between nadh and ubiquinone to the translocation of four protons across the membrane. it has a central role in cellular energy production and has been implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases. the l-shaped enzyme consists of hydrophilic and membrane domains. previously, we determined the structure of the hydrophilic domain. here we report the crystal structure of the esherichia coli complex ... | 2011 | 21822288 |
| functional identification of a non-fusion trail extracellular protein and preparation of its polyclonal antibody. | human tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail) can selectively induce apoptosis in a variety of transformed cells and is currently being developed as a cancer therapeutic drug. here we expressed the trail protein including extracellular (114-281aa) without any tag protein named trail-nt, and prepared anti-trail polyclonal antibodies (poly-ab). the human trail extracellular gene was amplified from pbmc and cloned into pgem-t-easy vector for sequence analysis. the expression ... | 2011 | 21707355 |
| carriage of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli among healthy children and home-raised chickens: a household study in a resource-limited setting. | we have previously observed high rates of acquired antibiotic resistance in commensal escherichia coli from healthy children living in urban areas of bolivia and peru, including resistance to tetracycline and quinolones, which are not routinely used in childhood. in this work we investigated acquired resistance in commensal e. coli from healthy children and home-raised chickens in 12 households from one of the previously surveyed urban area in bolivia, to ascertain the possibility of human-anima ... | 2011 | 21711148 |
| factors associated with the quality of well water and the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the municipality of abomey-calavi in benin. | the objective of this work is to assess the factors associated with the water quality of household wells, suggest solutions to improve it, and study the prevalence of water-borne diseases in this community. the quality of well water and the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the municipality were studied by analysis of the microbiological indicators currently used to assess drinking-water quality and the retrospective study of waterborne diseases treated in the local health centres. the wells ... | 2011 | 21700557 |
| identity of zinc finger nucleases with specificity to herpes simplex virus type ii genomic dna: novel hsv-2 vaccine/therapy precursors. | herpes simplex type ii (hsv-2) is a member of the family herpesviridae. human infection with this double stranded linear dna virus causes genital ulcerative disease and existing treatment options only serve to resolve the symptomatology (ulcers) associated with active hsv-2 infection but do not eliminate latent virus. as a result, infection with hsv-2 follows a life-long relapsing (active versus latent) course. on the basis of a primitive bacterium anti-phage dna defense, the restriction modific ... | 2011 | 21702927 |
| intratracheal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates escherichia coli-induced acute lung injury in mice. | abstract: | 2011 | 21843339 |
| immunological engineering or glycotechnology characterization of three different single chain antibodies recognizing nonreducing terminal mannose residues expressed in escherichia coli by an inducible t7 expression system. | we previously isolated phage antibodies from a phage library displaying human single chain antibodies (scfvs) by screening with a mannotriose (man3)-bearing lipid. of four independent scfv genes originally characterized, 5a3 gene products were purified as fusion proteins such as a scfv-human igg1 fc form, but stable clones secreting 1a4 and 1g4 scfv-fc proteins had never been established. thus, bacterial expression systems were used to purify 1a4 and 1g4 scfv gene products as soluble forms. puri ... | 2011 | 21693545 |
| [hygienic and epidemiological aspects of escherichia coli infections in light of recent epidemic in european union countries 2011]. | the events of the spring 2011 linked to the outbreak of a new strain of eschericha coli bacteria reflected worldwide in the media. just like two years earlier in the case of pandemic influenza a-h1n1, also this time there was panic in media, flood of news, often contradictory and mutually exclusive information and attempts to make reliable evaluations of what exactly been happening. known for decades eschericha coli bacterium, probably as a result of human activity (excessive use of antibiotics) ... | 2011 | 22010447 |
| generation of bioactive recombinant ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide c2. | thrombus formation is a crucial factor in the precipitation of unstable angina or myocardial infarction. recently, several anticoagulant serine protease inhibitors have been identified from adult ancylostoma caninum hookworms. one of them, a. caninum anticoagulant peptide c2 (acapc2), can inhibit the activity of factor viia/tissue factor complex to exert its antithrombotic effect. however, it is difficult to adopt traditional expression and purification systems to yield high-purity recombinant a ... | 2011 | 21907287 |
| evaluation of the giant reed (arundo donax) in horizontal subsurface flow wetlands for the treatment of recirculating aquaculture system effluent. | introduction: two emergent macrophytes, arundo donax and phragmites australis, were established in experimental subsurface flow, gravel-based constructed wetlands (cws) receiving untreated recirculating aquaculture system wastewater. materials and methods: the hydraulic loading rate was 3.75 cm day(-1). many of the monitored water quality parameters (biological oxygen demand [bod], total suspended solids [tss], t ... | 2011 | 22006507 |
| bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cell adhesion assay for studying escherichia coli o157 adherence. | to develop a new adherence assay, using cattle recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cells, for evaluating bacterial adherence to cells of bovine origin. | 2011 | 21883734 |
| low concentrations of honey reduce biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and virulence in escherichia coli o157:h7. | bacterial biofilms are associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents. hence, controlling pathogenic biofilm formation is important in bacteria-related diseases. honey, at a low concentration of 0.5% (v/v), significantly reduced biofilm formation in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 without inhibiting the growth of planktonic cells. conversely, this concentration did not inhibit commensal e. coli k-12 biofilm formation. transcriptome analyses ... | 2011 | 22047137 |
| Cloning and functional analysis of PKZ (PKR-like) from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). | The new teleost fish PKZ (PKR-like) full-length cDNA (GU299765) had been cloned and identified from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The cDNA of grass carp PKZ (CiPKZ) has 2185 bp in length with a largest open reading frame (ORF) encoding 513aa. CiPKZ possesses a conserved C-terminal catalytic domain of eIF2a kinase family. Within its N-terminal there are two binding domain (Za) named Za1 (1-67aa) and Za2 (81-152aa). BLAST homologous search reveals that CiPKZ has a high-level homology with ... | 2011 | 22008285 |
| Association Between Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Animals and Blood Stream Isolates from Humans in Europe: An Ecological Study. | Abstract Background: In addition to medical antimicrobial usage, the use of antimicrobials in food animals contributes to the occurrence of resistance among some bacterial species isolated from infections in humans. Recently, several studies have indicated that a large proportion of Escherichia coli causing infections in humans, especially those resistant to antimicrobials, have an animal origin. Methods: We analyzed the correlation between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. co ... | 2011 | 21883007 |
| in vivo comparison of cxa-101 (fr264205) with and without tazobactam versus piperacillin-tazobactam using human simulated exposures against phenotypically diverse gram-negative organisms. | cxa-101 is a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin with enhanced activity against gram-negative organisms displaying various resistance mechanisms. this study evaluates the efficacy of exposures approximating human percent free time above the mic (%ft > mic) of cxa-101 with or without tazobactam and piperacillin-tazobactam (tzp) against target gram-negative organisms, including those expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). sixteen clinical gram-negative isolates (6 pseudomonas aeruginos ... | 2012 | 22064538 |
| Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate the angiogenic activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 agonist gremlin. | Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) modulate the interaction of proangiogenic heparin-binding vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) with signaling VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin coreceptors in endothelial cells (ECs). The bone morphogenic protein antagonist gremlin is a proangiogenic ligand of VEGFR2, distinct from canonical VEGFs. Here we investigated the role of HSPGs in VEGFR2 interaction, signaling, and proangiogenic capacity of gremlin in ECs. | 2011 | 21921258 |
| Selective reduction of the pathogenic load of cow manure in an industrial-scale continuous-feeding vermireactor. | Vermicomposting is a suitable technology for processing different wastes, to produce a valuable end product (vermicompost). However, the pathogenic load of the waste must be greatly reduced in order to prevent risks to human health. Although Eisenia andrei may reduce the levels of several pathogens, the feasibility of vermicomposting, with regard to pathogen reduction, has not been tested on an industrial scale. This work studied whether vermicomposting in a continuous feeding vermireactor, is a ... | 2011 | 21875788 |
| rapid identification of bovine mastitis pathogens by high-resolution melt analysis of 16s rdna sequences. | accurate identification of mastitis pathogens is often compromised when using conventional culture-based methods. here, we report a novel, rapid assay tested for speciation of bacterial mastitis pathogens using high-resolution melt analysis (hrma) of 16s rdna sequences. real-time pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene fragment, spanning the variable region v5 and v6 was performed with a resulting amplicon of 290bp. first, a library was generated of melt curves of 9 common pathogens that are implicat ... | 2011 | 21944716 |
| Exploiting bacterial glycosylation machineries for the synthesis of a Lewis antigen-containing glycoprotein. | Glycoproteins constitute a class of compounds of increasing importance for pharmaceutical applications. The manipulation of bacterial protein glycosylation systems from Gram-negative bacteria for the synthesis of recombinant glycoproteins is a promising alternative to the current production methods. Proteins carrying Lewis antigens have been shown to have potential applications for the treatment of diverse autoimmune diseases. In this work, we developed a mixed approach consisting of in vivo and ... | 2011 | 21878645 |
| Genotoxicity assessment of ethylenediamine dinitrate (EDDN) and diethylenetriamine trinitrate (DETN). | Ethylenediamine dinitrate (EDDN) and diethylenetriamine trinitrate (DETN) are relatively insensitive explosive compounds that are being explored as safe alternatives to other more sensitive compounds. When used in combination with other high explosives they are an improvement and may provide additional safety during storage and use. The genetic toxicity of these compounds was evaluated to predict the potential adverse human health effects from exposure by using a standard genetic toxicity test b ... | 2011 | 21944905 |
| plasticity and diversity of trna anticodon determinants of substrate recognition by eukaryotic a37 isopentenyltransferases. | the n(6)-(isopentenyl)adenosine (i(6)a) modification of some trnas at position a37 is found in all kingdoms and facilitates codon-specific mrna decoding, but occurs in different subsets of trnas in different species. here we examine yeasts' trna isopentenyltransferases (i.e., dimethylallyltransferase, dmatase, members of the δ(2)-isopentenylpyrophosphate transferase, ippt superfamily) encoded by tit1(+) in schizosaccharomyces pombe and mod5 in saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose homologs are escheri ... | 2011 | 21873461 |
| Chimeras of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Single-Stranded DNA Binding Proteins: Characterization and Function in Escherichia coli. | Single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) are vital for the survival of organisms. Studies on SSBs from the prototype, Escherichia coli (EcoSSB) and, an important human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtuSSB) had shown that despite significant variations in their quaternary structures, the DNA binding and oligomerization properties of the two are similar. Here, we used the X-ray crystal structure data of the two SSBs to design a series of chimeric proteins (mß1, mß1'ß2, mß1-ß5, mß1-ß6 an ... | 2011 | 22174737 |
| Structural and biological characterization of mastoparans in the venom of Vespa species in Taiwan. | Mastoparans, a family of small peptides, are isolated from the wasp venom. In this study, six mastoparans were identified in the venom of six Vespa species in Taiwan. The precursors of these mastoparans are composed of N-terminal signal sequence, prosequence, mature mastoparan, and appendix glycine at C-terminus. These mature mastoparans all have characteristic features of linear cationic peptides rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids without disulfide bond. Therefore, these peptides could b ... | 2011 | 21884742 |
| SadA, a trimeric autotransporter from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, can promote biofilm formation and provides limited protection against infection. | Salmonella enterica is a major cause of morbidity worldwide and mortality in children and immunocompromised individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Outer membrane proteins of Salmonella are of significance because they are at the interface between the pathogen and the host, they can contribute to adherence, colonization, and virulence, and they are frequently targets of antibody-mediated immunity. In this study, the properties of SadA, a purported trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Salmonella enteri ... | 2011 | 21859856 |
| Immunoproteomic analysis of Brucella melitensis and identification of a new immunogenic candidate protein for the development of brucellosis subunit vaccine. | In order to screen immunogenic candidate antigens for the development of a brucellosis subunit vaccine, an immunoproteomic assay was used to identify immunogenic proteins from Brucella melitensis 16 M soluble proteins. In this study, a total of 56 immunodominant proteins were identified from the two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblot profiles by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Two proteins of interest, riboflavin synthase alpha chain (RS-a) and Loraine synthase (LS ... | 2011 | 21943783 |
| effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against bacteria and viruses on a glass surface in wet environments. | to evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas against model microbes in the wet state on a glass surface. | 2011 | 21950421 |
| Arcanolysin is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of the human pathogen Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. | Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis, wound infections, and a variety of occasional invasive diseases. Since its initial discovery in 1946, this Gram positive organism has been known to have hemolytic activity, yet no hemolysin has been previously reported. A. haemolyticum also displays variable hemolytic activity on laboratory blood agar that is dependent upon which species the blood is derived. | 2011 | 22029628 |
| Sublingual Immunization with M2-Based Vaccine Induces Broad Protective Immunity against Influenza. | The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus is a rationale target antigen candidate for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza as M2e undergoes little sequence variation amongst human influenza A strains. Vaccine-induced M2e-specific antibodies (Abs) have been shown to display significant cross-protective activity in animal models. M2e-based vaccine constructs have been shown to be more protective when administered by the intranasal (i.n.) route than after par ... | 2011 | 22140491 |
| High diversity and differential persistence of fecal Bacteroidales population spiked into freshwater microcosm. | Bacteroidales markers are promising indicators of fecal pollution and are now widely used in microbial source tracking (MST) studies. However, a thorough understanding of the persistence of Bacteroidales population after being released into environmental waters is lacking. We investigated the persistence of two host specific markers (HF183 and CF193) and temporal change of Bacteroidales population over 14 days in freshwater microcosms seeded with human or bovine feces. The concentrations of HF18 ... | 2012 | 22100053 |
| Chlorine disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis: revisiting reclaimed water regulations. | Pathogenic organisms can be transmitted orally through drinking water or through skin and mucosae by both direct and indirect contact, and their presence in water thus has a negative impact on public health. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), water is disinfected to inactivate pathogens. The quantification of several microbial indicators in aquatic systems is required to estimate the biological quality of such systems. So far, coliform bacteria have been used as traditional indicators world- ... | 2011 | 22156117 |
| Pre-Clinical Assessment of Novel Multivalent MSP3 Malaria Vaccine Constructs. | MSP3 has been shown to induce protection against malaria in African children. The characterization of a family of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) antigens sharing a similar structural organization, simultaneously expressed on the merozoite surface and targeted by a cross-reactive network of protective antibodies, is intriguing and offers new perspectives for the development of subunit vaccines against malaria. | 2011 | 22145028 |
| Expression of Multisubunit Proteins in Leishmania tarentolae. | Heterologous gene expression in mammalian cells is the first choice for the production of recombinant proteins when posttranslational modifications affect the biological activity of target proteins. However, the expression efficiency of mammalian cells is relatively low compared to other expression systems, such as Escherichia coli or yeast. Recently, a novel protein expression system based on Leishmania tarentolae, a protozoan parasite of gecko, was developed. This system allows not only easy h ... | 2012 | 22160906 |
| proanthocyanidin-rich extracts from cranberry fruit ( vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) selectively inhibit the growth of human pathogenic fungi candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans. | cranberry ( vaccinium macrocarpon ) has been shown in clinical studies to reduce infections caused by escherichia coli and other bacteria, and proanthocyanidins are believed to play a role. the ability of cranberry to inhibit the growth of opportunistic human fungal pathogens that cause oral, skin, respiratory, and systemic infections has not been well-studied. fractions from whole cranberry fruit were screened for inhibition of five candida species and cryptococcus neoformans , a causative ... | 2011 | 22066866 |
| shiga toxin 2 overexpression in escherichia coli o157:h7 strains associated with severe human disease. | variation in disease severity among escherichia coli o157:h7 infections may result from differential expression of shiga toxin 2 (stx2). eleven strains belonging to four prominent phylogenetic clades, including clade 8 strains representative of the 2006 u.s. spinach outbreak, were examined for stx2 expression by real-time pcr and western blot analysis. clade 8 strains were shown to overexpress stx2 basally, and following induction with ciprofloxacin when compared to strains from clades 1-3. diff ... | 2011 | 21864671 |
| functional reconstitution of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eif3). | protein fate in higher eukaryotes is controlled by three complexes that share conserved architectural elements: the proteasome, cop9 signalosome, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eif3). here we reconstitute the 13-subunit human eif3 in escherichia coli, revealing its structural core to be the eight subunits with conserved orthologues in the proteasome lid complex and cop9 signalosome. this structural core in eif3 binds to the small (40s) ribosomal subunit, to translation initiatio ... | 2011 | 22135459 |
| Detection of clinically important {beta}-lactamases in commensal Escherichia coli of human and swine origin in western China. | Data correlating ß-lactamases found in commensal E. coli of human and animal origin are limited. In this study, a total of 447 commensal E. coli from feces of humans and swine (280 human isolates from 4 hospitals and 167 swine isolates from 7 farms) were collected between September 2006 and January 2009 in western China. For ESBL-producing and other cephalosporin-resistant isolates, relevant ß-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1/2/9-group, blaCMY-2, and blaKPC) were detected by PCR analy ... | 2011 | 21940649 |
| production, secretion, and cell surface display of recombinant sporosarcina ureae s-layer fusion proteins in bacillus megaterium. | monomolecular crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (s-layers) have broad application potential in nanobiotechnology due to their ability to generate functional supramolecular structures. here, we report that bacillus megaterium is an excellent host organism for the heterologous expression and efficient secretion of hemagglutinin (ha) epitope-tagged versions of the s-layer protein ssla from sporosarcina ureae atcc 13881. three chimeric proteins were constructed, comprising the precursor, c-t ... | 2012 | 22101038 |
| DDX1 Is an RNA-Dependent ATPase Involved in HIV-1 Rev Function and Virus Replication. | The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein is essential for the virus because it promotes nuclear export of alternatively processed mRNAs, and Rev is also linked to translation of viral mRNAs and genome encapsidation. Previously, the human DEAD-box helicase DDX1 was suggested to be involved in Rev functions, but this relationship is not well understood. Biochemical studies of DDX1 and its interactions with Rev and model RNA oligonucleotides were carried out to investigate the mo ... | 2012 | 22051512 |
| three-dimensional spatial patterning of proteins in hydrogels. | the ability to create three-dimensional biochemical environments that mimic those in vivo is valuable for the elucidation of fundamental biological phenomena and pathways. to this end, we designed a system in which proteins can be photochemically patterned in three dimensions within hydrogels under physiological conditions. fibroblast growth factor-2 (fgf2) was immobilized within agarose hydrogels that were modified with two-photon labile 6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin-protected thiols. two different ... | 2011 | 21853977 |
| salmonella spp. and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli prevalence in an ocellated lizard (timon lepidus) research center in spain. | abstract the aim of this work was to study the epidemiological status of salmonella spp. and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in an ocellated lizard research center focusing on the risk and hygiene aspects. fecal and environmental samples were collected and examined for salmonella spp. and stec. isolates were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and characterized using serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). overall, 52% of samples were posit ... | 2011 | 21854263 |
| the role of dna base excision repair in filamentation in escherichia coli k-12 adhered to epithelial hep-2 cells. | base excision repair (ber) is dedicated to the repair of oxidative dna damage caused by reactive oxygen species generated by chemical and physical agents or by metabolism which can react with dna and cause a variety of mutations. epithelial cells are typically the first type of host cell to come into contact with potential microbial invaders. in this work, we have evaluated whether the adherence to human epithelial cells causes dna damage and associated filamentation. experiments concerning adhe ... | 2011 | 21965040 |
| mapping nanomechanical properties of live cells using multi-harmonic atomic force microscopy. | the nanomechanical properties of living cells, such as their surface elastic response and adhesion, have important roles in cellular processes such as morphogenesis, mechano-transduction, focal adhesion, motility, metastasis and drug delivery. techniques based on quasi-static atomic force microscopy techniques can map these properties, but they lack the spatial and temporal resolution that is needed to observe many of the relevant details. here, we present a dynamic atomic force microscopy metho ... | 2011 | 22081213 |
| a rapid and highly sensitive protocol for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 based on immunochromatography assay combined with the enrichment technique of immunomagnetic nanoparticles. | escherichia coli o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7) is an important pathogenic bacterium that threatens human health. a rapid, simple, highly sensitive, and specific method for the detection of e. coli o157:h7 is necessary. | 2011 | 22163159 |
| more and more coronaviruses: human coronavirus hku1. | after human coronaviruses oc43, 229e and nl63, human coronavirus hku1 (hcov-hku1) is the fourth human coronavirus discovered. hcov-hku1 is a group 2a coronavirus that is still not cultivable. the g + c contents of hcov-hku1 genomes are 32%, the lowest among all known coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. among all coronaviruses, hcov-hku1 shows the most extreme codon usage bias, attributed most importantly to severe cytosine deamination. all hcov-hku1 genomes contain unique tan ... | 2009 | 21994538 |
| generation of n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) diabetes models in mice demonstrates genotype-specific action of glucokinase activators. | we performed genome-wide mutagenesis in c57bl/6j mice using n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea to identify mutations causing high blood glucose early in life and to produce new animal models of diabetes. of a total of 13 new lines confirmed by heritability testing, we identified two semi-dominant pedigrees with novel missense mutations (gck(k140e) and gck(p417r)) in the gene encoding glucokinase (gck), the mammalian glucose sensor that is mutated in human maturity onset diabetes of the young type 2 and the t ... | 2011 | 21921030 |
| ubiquitin-intein and sumo2-intein fusion systems for enhanced protein production and purification. | although most commonly used for protein production, expression of soluble and functional recombinant protein in escherichia coli is still a major challenge. the development and application of fusion tags that can facilitate protein expression and solubility partly solve this problem, however, under most circumstance, the fusion tags have to be removed by proteases in order to use the proteins. because the tag removal using proteases increases cost and introduces extra purification steps, it rema ... | 2011 | 22178731 |
| refinement of a human challenge model for evaluation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain h10407 (serotype o78:h11 producing heat-labile toxin [lt], heat-stable toxin [st], and colonization factor i [cfa/i]) induces reliably high diarrheal attack rates (ars) in a human challenge model at doses of ≥10(9) cfu. a descending-dose challenge study was conducted with changes to the standard fasting time and buffer formulation, seeking conditions that permit lower inocula while maintaining reproducibly high ars. in cohort 1, 20 subjects were fas ... | 2011 | 21852546 |
| iberian wolf as a reservoir of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli of the tem, shv, and ctx-m groups. | the intensive use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, associated with mechanisms of bacterial genetic transfer, caused a selective pressure that contributed to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in different bacteria groups and throughout different ecosystems. iberian wolf, due to his predatory and wild nature, may serve as an important indicator of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria. the aim of this study was to characterize the diversity o ... | 2011 | 22185366 |
| molecular and physiological characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in relation to uropathogenicity among escherichia coli isolates isolated from wenyu river, china. | increasing antibacterial resistance and pathogenicity in the environment is of growing concern due to its potential human risk. in the present study, 236 escherichia coli isolates were collected from wenyu river in china on drugless (48 isolates) and quinolone-containing plates (189 isolates). their minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined ranging from 0.125μgml(-1) to 128μgml(-1). mutation points related to fluoroquinolone resistance were observed at s83 to l and d87 to n or y i ... | 2011 | 22182707 |
| role of incp-1β plasmids pwdl7::rfp and pnb8c in chloroaniline catabolism as determined by genomic and functional analyses. | broad-host-range catabolic plasmids play an important role in bacterial degradation of man-made compounds. to gain insight into the role of these plasmids in chloroaniline degradation, we determined the first complete nucleotide sequences of an incp-1 chloroaniline degradation plasmid, pwdl7::rfp and its close relative pnb8c, as well as the expression pattern, function, and bioaugmentation potential of the putative 3-chloroaniline (3-ca) oxidation genes. based on phylogenetic analysis of backbon ... | 2011 | 22101050 |
| Treatment of tetracycline antibiotics by laccase in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. | Tetracycline antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medicine; however, residual amounts of these antibiotics in the environment are of concern since they could contribute to selection of resistant bacteria. In this study, tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), doxycycline (DC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) were treated with laccase from the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor in the presence of the redox mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT). High performance liquid chromatography ... | 2012 | 22071243 |
| interventions to reduce/eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | the escherichia coli o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7) outbreak in the northwestern united states ushered in an era that has dramatically changed the way beef processors in the united states convert live cattle into meat. unprecedented cooperation among the beef processors and massive investment in research by the us government and the beef industry have resulted in an acceptable level of control of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef. the evidence to support the progress in control of e. coli o157:h7 is the ... | 2007 | 22061399 |
| 3-cyano-8-methyl-2-oxo-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolines. synthesis and biological evaluation as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. | the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some novel hexahydroquinolines supported with various pharmacophores are described. the results revealed that 18 compounds displayed pronounced activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli bacteria beside a moderate antifungal activity. compound 25 is the most active candidate with equipotency to ampicillin against s. aureus, e. coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, together with an obvious antifungal activity. additiona ... | 2011 | 22136527 |