| identification of a deoxyribonuclease implicated in genetic transformation of diplococcus pneumoniae. | a mutation of diplococcus pneumoniae, end-1, reduces the major deoxyribonuclease activity of the cell, an endonuclease, to 10% of its normal value without impairing transformation. further mutations, called noz, abolish the residual endonuclease activity and block transformation. the residual endonuclease is similar to the wild-type enzyme in size, charge, divalent cation dependence, inhibition by ribonucleic acid, and formation of oligonucleotide products. however, the mutant endonuclease is mo ... | 1975 | 237879 |
| coordinated incorporation of nascent peptidoglycan and teichoic acid into pneumococcal cell walls and conservation of peptidoglycan during growth. | choline-containing pneumococcal cell wals are sensitive to autolysin, whereas ethanolamine-containing walls are not. bacteria were labeled with radioactive peptidoglycan precursors while growing either in choline- or in ethanolaminecontaining media. subsequently, the labeled cells were allowed to grow for four to five generations in nonradioactive medium supplemented with the alternative amino alcohol source (i.e. cells labeled in choline medium yields ethanolamine; cells labeled in ethanolamine ... | 1975 | 237892 |
| some structural features of pneumococcus type xxii capsular polysaccharide. | | 1975 | 237932 |
| spontaneous peritonitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. importance of accurate diagnosis of gram-positive bacterial infections. | primary gram-positive bacterial peritonitis developed in three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). these cases suggest a possible association between these two entities. furthermore, they emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis when evaluating abdominal symptoms in patients with sle. | 1975 | 238051 |
| [sputum microfolora in patients cured of tuberculosis and its clinical significance]. | | 1975 | 238194 |
| antibacterial precipitins and autoantibodies in serum of patients with cystic fibrosis. | sera from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis, 31 patients with other respiratory diseases and 21 control persons have been investigated for the occurrence of antibacterial precipitins and autoantibodies. preciptins were studied by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis, antinuclear factors by an indirect immunofluorescence technique and rheumatoid factors by the latex fixation slide test. a very heterogeneous antibacterial immune response was found in patients with cystic fibrosis, notably as rega ... | 1975 | 238280 |
| [subdural effusion - a frequent complication of bacterial meningitis in children]. | | 1975 | 238290 |
| the non-mendelian inheritance of lewis-c blood group substance, as demonstrated in the case of a bombay, le(a-b-c-) saliva. | a bombay, le(a-b-) saliva was shown to lack pneumococcus type xiv activity, an unusual situation, since this sample should be rich in this precursor to the abo blood group substances. however, the sample was found to contain a new serological specificity, le-c. it is argued that simple mendelian inheritance does not occur with le-c and single gene control cannot be demonstrated. failure to repress a fetal gene at birth, as implicated by the similarity in structure between le-c and carcinoembryon ... | 1975 | 238340 |
| studies on stimulation and properties of antiglobulin antibodies. ii. antiglobulin antibodies against homologous globulins and antigens of thermally denatured autologous sera in the sera of rabbits immunized with various antigens. | sera of 48 rabbits after long-term immunization with suspensions of diplococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella friedländeri, proteus ox19 and solution of bovine albumin were examined for antibodies reacting with homologous gamma-globulins and antigens of thermally denatured autologous sera. appearance of antibodies of this type was related to duration of immunization, but not related to the type of antigen used. the experimental results were explained as a result of altered antigenic properties of antib ... | 1975 | 238486 |
| immunodeficiencies of man and the new immunobiology. | | 1975 | 238673 |
| immunodeficiency in the wiskott-aldrich syndrome. | the immune system in the wiskott-aldrich syndrome is characterized by a host of paradoxes. elements of the effector limbs of both humoral and cellular immunity such as immunoglobulin synthesis and in vitro lymphocyte proliferative, secretory and killer responses to nonspecific mitogens are intact. yet, these patients fail to produce specific antibody normally following immunization and they are anergic. this combination of findings is consistent with a defect in the appropriate initiation of spe ... | 1975 | 238675 |
| increased susceptibility to infection in sickle cell disease: defects of opsonization and of splenic function. | patients with sickle cell disease (scd) have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and die more frequently from infection than any other cause. their sera do not promote the phagocytosis of pneumococci normally, apparently because of an inability to utilize the alternate pathway for c3 fixation as a means of opsonization. the splenic dysfunction which exists in scd may result in depressed synthesis of alternate pathway factor(s), as well as in decreased phagocytic clearance of bact ... | 1975 | 238677 |
| compatible bone marrow transplantation and immunologic reconstitution of combined immunodeficiency disease. | to date, bone marrow transplantation affords the only successful means of achieving full immunologic reconstitution of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (scid). we have achieved immunologic reconstitution in 6 of 7 scid patients using marrow transplants from compatible sib donors. one child died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following early immunologic reconstitution. a second child died of sepsis without evidence of engraftment, despite 3 marrow grafts, and a third died ... | 1975 | 238681 |
| studies on the immune response of congenitally athymic (nude) mice. | the central role of the thymus in immunity was assessed in nude mice. nudes failed to reject allografts and xenografts and to respond to foreign erythrocytes but responded normally to endotoxin and pneumococcal polysaccharide. thymus reconstitution was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro whereas reconstitution with thymic humoral factors or polyanions was not detected. coliform overgrowth and depressed iga levels in nudes appeared to contribute to wasting. these data emphasize the need for thymus ... | 1975 | 238688 |
| heat labile opsonin system to pneumococcus. | normal mammalian sera contain the heat labile opsonin system that promotes the phagocytosis of various microorganisms by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. because the heat labile opsonin system is present in normal nonimmune sera and because it operates against various microorganisms in an apparently nonspecif manner, it is considered to play an important role during the early phase of an acute bacterial infection. the role of various factors participating in the heat labile opsonin system, and its ... | 1975 | 238689 |
| [detection of bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid by immunoelectroosmophoresis]. | | 1975 | 238827 |
| cell surface-located deoxyribonucleic acid receptors in transformable pneumococci. | we studied deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) binding in transformable pneumococci. the relevant findings are as follows. (i) at least half of the dna molecules adsorbed to competent cells in the growth medium are attached to sites on the protoplast membrane. (ii) most of the dna bound to live competent cells in the presence of glucose is not released by moderate shear or by autolysin treatment. in contrast, most of the dna adsorbed to competent cells in the absence of glucose is shear and autolysin se ... | 1975 | 238945 |
| specific recognition of choline residues in the cell wall teichoic acid by the n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase of pneumococcus. | pneumococci growing on choline-containing medium are known to incorporate this amino alcohol into the wall teichoic acid and produce autolysin-sensitive cell walls. in contrast, bacteria grown on the choline analogue, ethanolamine, incorporate ethanolamine into the teichoic acid and synthesize cell walls that are resistant to the homologous autolysin. in this communication, we report experiments aimed at understanding the biochemical mechanism of this phenomenon. ethanolamine-containing (autolys ... | 1975 | 238995 |
| cross-reactive antigens and immunity to diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria. | antigenic structures may be shared among naturally occurring polymers, including proteins and polysaccharides. proteins are polymers of amino acids. cross-reactions between proteins are due to similarities in their overall shape rather than their individual amino acid components. cross-reactions have been demonstrated among proteins with similar evolutionary development and structure, such as serum albumins or immunoglobulins. polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides. in contrast to prote ... | 1975 | 239050 |
| activation of alveolar macrophages after lower respiratory tract infection. | alveolar macrophage function has been studied in relation to bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract. first, lrt macrophages were examined after exposure of rabbits to listeria monocytogenes aerosols. macrophages obtained from the lrt of animals 10 to 48 days after infection were activated, as evidenced by greater adherence to culture dishes and increased ability to ingest and kill both the original infecting organism and unrelated organisms, when compared to normal alveolar macrophag ... | 1975 | 239059 |
| specific suppression of the antibody response in vitro by serum from paralyzed mice. | balb/c mice immunized with either the whole vaccine or the c-polysaccharide obtained from the r36a strain of pneumococcus produce antibody to phosphorylcholine. mice injected i.v. with a single high dose of the c-polysaccharide are specifically unresponsive to immunization to phosphorylcholine for many months and are considered paralyzed. the induction of paralysis does not eliminate cells reactive to phosphorylcholine; however, serum from paralyzed mice specifically suppresses the response of c ... | 1975 | 239061 |
| activation by some t-independent antigens and b cell mitogens of the alternative pathway of the complement system. | a number of t-independent antigens and b cell mitogens were examined for their ability to activate c3 via the alternative pathway of the complement system. loss of hemolytically active c3, generation of anaphylatoxin activity, and immunoelectrophoretic conversion of c3 and factor b, were checked in normal and c4-deficient guinea pig serum, and, in some cases, in normal human serum. as judged by their activity in these assays, 10 lipopolysaccharides of different origin and constitution, pneumococ ... | 1975 | 239062 |
| letter: the basis for conflicting results obtained in studies on the plaque-forming cell response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | | 1975 | 239066 |
| the diagnostic value of sputum culture in acute pneumonia. | in a prospective study of patients with acute pneumonia, the results of bacteriologic analysis of sputum, transtracheal aspirate (ta), and bronchial aspirate (ba) were compared. streptococcus pneumoniae was grown from all three sources as the predominant organism in 13 of 16 cases; the remaining three patients had nonbacterial lung disease. these data support the traditional concept that culture of the sputum is highly reliable in providing a correct diagnosis in acute pneumonia. | 1975 | 239258 |
| [clinical evaluation of a new oral cephalosporin preparation, cephradine dry syrup, in pediatrics (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 239262 |
| [clinical effects of lividomycin on respiratory tract infections, primarily wet cases of bronchiectasis (author's transl)]. | patients with various respiratory infections, primarily wet cases of bronchiectasis, were treated with lividomycin (lvdm) at a dose of 1 g/day for about a week. the results obtained are as follows: 1. of the 15 patients with refractory bronchiectasis who had previously been treated with various other antibiotics, 11 patients (73.3%) responded to lvdm. although there was no patient who responded to lvdm excellently, good cures were achieved in 5 pateints and fair cures in 6 patients. 2. in bronc ... | 1975 | 239263 |
| on the physiological functions of teichoic acids. | the choline-containing teichoic acids of pneumococci can be modified by biosynthetic replacement of the choline residues with certain structural analogues, such as ethanolamine (ea) or the n-monomethyl-(mea) and n-dimethyl-(dea) amino derivatives of ethanolamine. cells containing such analogues in their teichoic acids develop pleiomorphic alterations in several physiological properties, which include resistance to detergent-induced lysis and inhibition of cell separation (chain formation). we re ... | 1975 | 239275 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 36-1975. | | 1975 | 239339 |
| lipoteichoic acid: a specific inhibitor of autolysin activity in pneumococcus. | the choline-containing pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid (forssman antigen) is a powerful inhibitor of the homologous autolytic enzyme, an n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase (ec 3.5.1.28, mucopeptide amidohydrolase). low concentrations of deoxycholate can reverse the inhibition. wall teichoic acid preparations are inactive at several hundred-fold higher concentrations. activation of an inactive form of autolysin by in vitro incubation with choline-containing cell walls is also inhibited by lipoteich ... | 1975 | 239401 |
| [addition of gentamicine to polymethyl methacrylate for therapy of infectious bone diseases. expeimental in vivo tests]. | in experimental in vivo tests the therapeutic effect of gentamicin added to palacos is detected in a standardized osteomyelitic infection caused by staph. aureus haemolyticus. the number of germ populations is reduced significantly by the antibiotic which is released in a microbiologically active concentration. on the other hand the number of germ populations in control trials (without adding an antibiotic) is remaining on a high level. during the time of the tests the appearance of other bacte ... | 1975 | 239496 |
| the "otitis-prone" condition. | we studied the incidence of exudative otitis media in 488 patients followed up from birth. forty-nine percent (240) of the patients had their initial episode of otitis media in the first year of life and only 12% (56) in the second year of life. thereafter, the incidence decreased steadily. patients having six or more episodes of otitis media before age 6 were termed "otitis prone". fifty-seven such patients were observed and this condition was found to be significantly related to the onset of o ... | 1975 | 239591 |
| evaluation of bacteriological transport systems. | seven commercially manufactured bacteriological transport systems, including culturette, trans-cul (with stuart and amies), handiswab, securline (with amies and amies without charcoal) and culture caddy, were evaluated to determine whether these systems were capable of maintaining the viability and constant numbers of mixtures of hardy, fastidious and anaerobic organisms over 72 hours at 25c and 4c. the results of the study indicated that if specimens are maintained in transport systems at 25c t ... | 1975 | 239597 |
| asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains of igg: a revised structure. | | 1975 | 239717 |
| 1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives ii. n-substituted nitrones. | | 1975 | 239726 |
| the bacteriological ecosystem of the skin of children in an african tropical envirovment (tanzania). | using a standardized method for sampling, the aerobic microbial flora of the skin of ninety-five children in dar es salaam, tanzania, was studied qualitatively and quantitatively. the subjects comprised three groups; group a, thirty-seven normal infants (below the age of 1 year); group b, twenty-nine infants with various bacterial skin lesions; and group c, twenty-nine nursery school children between 4-5 and 7 years. the following observations were made: (i) the quantitative results indicated; ( ... | 1975 | 239739 |
| activity of doxycycline against respiratory pathogens. | 149 patients were admitted from the brussels area to the multi-centre pan european trial of doxycycline in respiratory tract infections. of these, 40 satisfied the strict criteria for detailed bacteriological study with positive culture of a known pathogen before treatment and bacteriological follow-up after treatment. the pathogens were beta-haemolytic streptococcus, group a (29 cases), pneumococcus (6 cases) and haemophilus influenzae (6 cases); in one case, the pneumococcus and h. influenzae ... | 1975 | 239836 |
| doxycycline in respiratory tract infections. a review of a multi-centre trial. | a total of 256 patients were admitted in germany into a pan-european multi centre trial of doxycycline in the treatment of infections of the respiratory tract. the diagnoses showed a preponderance of lower respiratory tract infections compared with other european countries, due largely to the fact that the participating physicians were pulmonary or internal medicine specialists. doxycycline was given in a dose of 200 mg initially followed by 100 mg daily for 5-10 days (only the occasional patien ... | 1975 | 239837 |
| comparative inhibitory activity of bl-s640 and two other cephalosporins. | in vitro antibacterial activity of bl-s640 was compared to that of cephalothin and cephalexin against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. bl-s640 demonstrated the best activity on nearly all microbial species studied, except for haemophilus influenzae and diplococcus pneumoniae against which cephalothin was slightly more active. | 1975 | 239917 |
| pneumococcus-induced serotonin release from human platelets. identification of the participating plasma/serum factor as immunoglobulin. | pneumococcus-induced serotonin release from human platelets is greatly facilitated by a factor present in normal human plasma and serum. we have identified this factor as immunoglobulin by: (a) removing if from plasma and serum with solid phase antifab antibody; (b) demonstrating its absence from the serum of an individual with severe immunoglobulin deficiency; and, (c) showing its presence in igg preparations isolated from normal individuals. evidence suggesting that the release reaction is tri ... | 1975 | 239970 |
| [comparison of the antibacterial activity of amikacin (bb-k8) with other aminoglycosides against pathogens recently isolated from clinical materials (author's transl) ]. | we determined the antibacterial activity of amikacin against 1,277 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical materials during 1974, including beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, enterococci, staphylococcus aureus, staph. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia, proteus morganii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of this drug with gentamicin, dibekacin, tobramycin and kanamycin. 1)antibacteri ... | 1975 | 240047 |
| [chemotherapy of purulent meningitis in children (author's transl)]. | purulent meningitis in patients admitted to the pediatric department of kyoto university hospital and affiliated institutions from 1951 through 1973 were studied with emphasis on the kinds of the causative organisms and the susceptibility of these organisms to antibiotics. the findings in this study have served to help select antibiotics most likely to be effective against this disease. the overall incidence of purulent meningitis was 0.68%. this figure decreased little throughout the period. as ... | 1975 | 240048 |
| acute suppurative otitis media. | | 1975 | 240150 |
| an immunoglobulin (igm) marker in dogs. | | 1975 | 240226 |
| [bacterial populations and nucleic acids]. | | 1975 | 240239 |
| the role of cytolysin in pneumococcal ocular infection. | a highly purified preparation of pneumococcal cytolysin was responsible for the corneal damage that ensued upon intra-corneal injection of crude cell extract into the rabbit eye. the lysin may produce this pathologic finding by effecting activation or release of corneal degradative enzymes. | 1975 | 240276 |
| specific inhibition of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase d by mannose and simple mannosides. | | 1975 | 240364 |
| a modifier mutation affecting utilization of mannitol in pneumococcus. | the altered growth of a pneumococcal mutant containing marker m, which confers ability to utilize mannitol, and a modifier gene is reported. the modifier gene is closely linked to the m gene and imposes a requirement for growth in 0.4% glucose before growth in mannitol medium. the tentative position of the m gene of pneumococcus is ery-r str-r m sul-rd. | 1975 | 240495 |
| antibiograms of pathogenic bacteria isolated from laboratory animals. | study of antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 178 bacterial isolants from laboratory animals revealed that these bacteria in general were sensitive to many commonly used antibiotics; however, there were notable exceptions. this report presents current antibiotic sensitivity patterns of most gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens common to laboratory animals. | 1975 | 240789 |
| practical aerobic membrane filtration blood culture technique: development of procedure. | the advantages of a membrane filter system for blood culturing have been realized for many years. lysing of the blood prior to filtration is a convenient way to proceed, but previously described lysing procedures result in loss of certain organisms, particularly gram-negative bacilli. four concentrations of triton x-100 and sodium carbonate were studied in vitro, and their lysing and antibacterial properties were observed. a solution of 0.08% na2co3 and 0.005% triton x-100 was found to have the ... | 1975 | 240868 |
| comparison of recovery rates of various organisms from clinical hypertonic blood cultures by using various concentrations of sodium polyanethol sulfonate. | by using parallel culture techniques, the recovery rates of a wide spectrum of organisms encountered in hypertonic clinical blood cultures was determined from four different blood culture bottles. each bottle was identical except for the amount of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (sps) present. flasks a, b, c, and d contained sps in final concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0%, respectively. of 144 patients found to have clinically relevant organisms in their blood cultures, 127 had positive a ... | 1975 | 240869 |
| application of counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the identification of streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical isolates. | the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) as a diagnostic tool in infectious diseases is becoming more widespread. this study was undertaken to determine the possible use of cie in the more rapid identification of streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical isolates. typing sera were obtained from the statens seruminstitut, denmark. sixty-seven out of 68 pneumococcal isolates that were optochin sensitive and bile soluble were typed by cie. one isolate was nontypable even after mouse passage. an add ... | 1975 | 240871 |
| secondary igg responses to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. i. kinetics and antigen requirements. | mice primed with a thymus- (t)3 dependent form of type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (s3), i.e., s3 coupled to sheep or horse erythrocytes (s3-rbc), produce s3-specific igg antibody after secondary challenge with either the t-dependent (s3-rbc) or t-independent (s3) form of the antigen. the potential to produce igg antibody after challenge with s3-rbc appears earlier after priming than the potential to produce igg after challenge with s3, suggesting that different "memory" cells may be involve ... | 1975 | 240888 |
| 7s class-restricted hapten-specific paralysis by injection of thymus-independent hapten-carrier conjugate. | the shift from igm anti-hapten antibody production to igg anti-hapten antibody production, subsequent to challenge with a t-dependent conjugate, is inhibited in mice by preimmunization with the t-independent dnp-le conjugate. the results suggest that dnp on levan triggers off 19a t-independent anti-hapten precursors and paralyzes 7s t-dependent anti-hapten precursors. | 1975 | 240889 |
| the interdomain disulfide bond of a homogeneous rabbit pneumococcal antibody light chain. | rabbit light chain 3315, prepared from a homogeneous antipneumococcal antibody, was subjected to hydrolysis by pepsin without prior reduction and alkylation of the intrachain disulfide bonds. gel filtration of the hydrolysate on sephadex g-10, g-15, and g-25 and ion exchange chromatography on sp-sephadex yielded several disulfide bridge peptides. these were fully reduced and alkulated and sequenced by edman degradation. the peptides were located in the light chain sequence determined in independ ... | 1975 | 240892 |
| pneumococcal serum opsonizing activity in splenectomized children. | | 1975 | 240922 |
| synthesis and antibacterial properties of methylsulfinyl and methylsulfonyl analongs of some nitrofurans. | the sulfoxides 5-methylsulfinyl-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone (2) and 1-[(5-methylsulfinyl-2-fufurylidene)amino]hydantoin (3) as well as the sulfones 1-[(5-methylsulfonyl-2-furfurylidene)animo]hydantoin (1) and 1-(5-methylsulfonly-2-furyl)-2-(6-amino-3-p-ridazyl)ethylene hydrochloride (4) have been prepared and tested for antibacterial activity against a number of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. the compounds are much less active than the corresponding 5-nitrofuran derivatives, possibly ... | 1975 | 240940 |
| cephalexin monohydrate suspension. treatment of otitis media. | cephalexin monohydrate suspension was used in the treatment of 97 children with otitis media. pretreatment middle-ear exudate specimens in pure or mixed culture yielded diplococcus pneumoniae in 47 cases, haemophilus influenzae in 26, neisseria catarrhalis in 20, group a beta-hemolytic streptococci in 13, and staphylococcus aureus in one. the usual dosage was 100 mg/kg/day given orally in divided doses for 10 to 12 days. after 48 hours of treatment, follow-up cultures showed that therapy had bee ... | 1975 | 240948 |
| [on sensitivity test of dibekacin by the disc method (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 240956 |
| hemophilus and pneumococcal peritonitis in children with the nephrotic syndrome. | two children are reported whose nephrotic syndrome was complicated by peritonitis due to h. influenzae type b. in pittsburgh, the leading organism for peritonitis in nephrosis remains d. pneumoniae with a disproportionately high incidence in black children. although h. influenzae is a rare cause of this complication, it should be considered along with the other previously recognized etiological bacterial agents. | 1975 | 241048 |
| immunoelectroosmophoresis (ieop) for detection of bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. | 365 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 259 patients were tested by the immunoelectroosmophoretic (ieop) method to detect bacterial antigens. 25 patients had bacterial meningitis. the bacterial agent was identified by ieop in 16 of 21 cases with aetiological agents detectable with the antisera employed. no false positive reactions occurred. the test gave true negative results in 340 instances. the rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, reliability and low cost are emphasized. | 1975 | 241117 |
| meningitis developing during cephalothin therapy of septicaemia. | a 63-year-old woman developed pneumococcal meningitis during cephalothin treatment for pneumococcal septicaemia. the poor penetration of this antibiotic over the blood-brain barrier makes it unsuitable for the therapy of meningitis. if cephalothin is used in other serious infections, the patient should be closely observed for the development of meningitis. | 1975 | 241118 |
| erythromycin stearate in acute maxillary sinusitis. | 76 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were treated with oral erythromycin stearate (500 mg twice or 3 times a day for 10 days). the mean concentration of erythromycin in the sinus secretion after 3-5 days' treatment was 0.6 mug/ml with the lower dosage and 1.3 mug/ml with the higher. the concentration of erythromycin in the sinus secretion was, on the average, 10-20 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for group a streptococci and pneumococci, and reached mic values ... | 1975 | 241119 |
| homeostatic control of antibody responses: a model based on the recognition of cell-associated antibody by regulatory t cells. | | 1975 | 241141 |
| studies on the specificities of various anti-h reagents. | four different eel serum samples and the lectins cytisus sessilifolius and evonymus europaeus were examined for their capacities to react with a number of preparations which show o(h) blood group-like activity. some similarities and major differences between the anti-h reagents were observed in experiments where the "h-like" activities of invertebrate extracts and blood group substances were compared. a comparison of the reactivities of eel sera, catfish anti-h sera and 4 anti-h lectins with a n ... | 1975 | 241165 |
| [michaelis constants of neuraminidases of pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms (author's transl)]. | the km-values of neuraminidases from different pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms have been determined on low and high molecular substrates. the substrate specificity and the affinity to the different types of substrates in relation to the pathogenicity of the microorganisms are discussed. | 1975 | 241169 |
| [synthetic medium for testing of susceptibility. ii. susceptibility of bacteria to sulphonamides (author's transl)]. | a comparative study of 9 media for testing the susceptibility of bacteria to 7 sulphonamides has been carried out. the evaluated culture-media included 4 "mueller hinton" media (mh), 4 others based on the formula of the "diagnostic sensitivity test" agar base (d.s.t.) and a "synthetic medium" (sm) which has been developed in our laboratory. mh and d.s.t. culture-media have been supplied by 4 manufacturing companies in europe and usa. a total number of 21 bacterial cultures have been employed. th ... | 1975 | 241178 |
| bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction. i. material, methods and preoperative flora. | the conjunctival flora of 499 patients was studied the day before cataract extraction, no antibiotics or chemotherapeutical agents had been used before admission. staphylococcus albus was by far the most common micro-organism (95.4%), followed by corynebacteria (44%), staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), gram-negative bacilli (7.8%) and pneumo-streptococci (4.4%). corynebacteria was isolated more frequently in the presence of s. albus, while s. aureus and gram-negative bacilli were found more frequent ... | 1975 | 241200 |
| bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction. ii. peroperative flora. | the peroperative flora of 499 patients undergoing cataract extraction was studied with local bacterial cultures taken at the beginning and end of surgery and compared with the preoperative flora examined previously (fahmy et al. 1975 b) on admission the day prior to surgery. the local application of a single dose of oxytetracycline - polymyxin b, approximately 18 hours before surgery, significantly reduced the incidence of bacteria at the time of surgery. however, 92% of the conjunctivas examine ... | 1975 | 241201 |
| secondary ocular bacterial infection in hypovitaminosis a xerophthalmia. | extraocular bacterial culture was performed in 100 patients with hypovitaminosis a xerophthalmia. there was corneal ulceration in 29 cases and corneal perforation in 22 cases. eighty-six percent of the patients harbored frankly pathogenic bacteria (46 patients) and potentially pathogenic bacteria (40 patients). all but two patients with either cornal ulceration or perforation harbored potentially pathogenic or frankly pathogenic bacteria. pseudomonas aeruginosa, diplococcus pneumoniae, and morax ... | 1975 | 241260 |
| acute phlegmonous gastritis: differentiation from primary peritonitis and the peritonitis of collagen vascular disease. | | 1975 | 241281 |
| comparison of the amino acid sequences of the variable domains of two homogeneous rabbit antibodies to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | the amino acid sequences of the v (variable) regions of the h (heavy) and l (light) chains derived from rabbit antibody k-25, specific for type iii pneumococci, were determined; this is the second homogeneous rabbit antibody besides antibody bs-5 whose complete sequence of the v domain has been established (jaton, 1974d). the v regions of l chains bs-5 and k-25 (both of allotype b4) differ from each other by 19 amino acid residues; 11 of these 19 substitutions are located within the three hyperv ... | 1975 | 241319 |
| analysis of oligomannosyl cores of cellular glycopeptides by digestion with endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases. | | 1975 | 241347 |
| cephradine and cephalexin in the treatment of children with bacterial pneumonia. | | 1975 | 241608 |
| pneumococcal meningitis-therapeutic studies in mice. | a technique for inducing pneumococcal meningitis in mice and a description of the histopathologic changes that accompany this experimentally produced disease are provided in the present report. this infection of mice was investigated to determine whether it could serve as a suitable model for detecting agents that have potential therapeutic utility in bacterial meningitis in man. 21 antibiotics, belonging to six major classes were evaluated for efficacy in the experimental infection. the three m ... | 1975 | 241610 |
| [virus infections of the respiratory tract in childhood (author's transl)]. | comprehensive epidemiological studies revealed that every individual is suffering from a respiratory tract infection in the average 6 times a year. 97% of these are caused by viruses. identical clinical symptoms may be produced by many different agents, thus the etiology of an illness can only be identified by virus isolation and serological tests. the frequency of isolations is varying in adults and in children as well as in ambulatory and in hospitalized patients. the persistently observed sus ... | 1975 | 241719 |
| activity of minocycline and tetracycline against respiratory pathogens related to blood levels. | | 1975 | 241739 |
| biological effects of lipoteichoic acids. | pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid (forssman antigen) added to the medium of growing pneumococcal cultures caused chain formation, prevented culture lysis in the stationary phase of growth, and inhibited lysis by penicillin and by the pneumococcal bacteriophage dp-1. | 1975 | 241741 |
| selective release of a deoxyribonucleic acid-binding factor from the surface of competent pneumococci. | methods are described that resulted in the selective release of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)-binding factor from the surface of competent pneumococci. the same methods caused a parallel inactivation of the dna-binding capacity of the extracted bacteria. genetically or physiologically incompetent pneumococci did not yield binding factor upon exposure to the same methods. the solubilized binding factor appeared to be a protein; it could be assayed by a membrane filter binding procedure. the binding ... | 1975 | 241746 |
| occurrence of diplococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of children. | the patterns of colonization of d. pneumoniae were studied over a 46-month period in a group of young children in a day-care center. forty-four percent of nasal cultures yielded d. pneumoniae. the most frequently isolated serotypes--6, 19, and 23--accounted for 49% of the isolates; the nine most common serotypes included 80% of the isolates. individual serotypes frequently were carried for several months. reacquisition of a serotype previously carried occurred frequently. there was limited sprea ... | 1975 | 241779 |
| primary pneumococcal pericarditis. | | 1975 | 241869 |
| [examination of bacteria in chronic bronchial infections. importance of tetracycline-resistance of pneumococcus (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 241976 |
| antimicrobial activity of human peritoneal fluid. | cell free peritoneal fluids from 23 normal women had antimicrobial activity which was directed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and also against yeasts. the activity was bacteriostatic or bactericidal and seemed to be due to the presence of a variety of factors which varied in their heat stability and dependence on complement. lysozyme was present in the fluids but was not responsible for all the antimicrobial activity. | 1975 | 242084 |
| abnormal forms of bacteria produced by antibiotics. | subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can produce in vitro aberrant forms of bacteria that are similar to those observed in specimens and cultures from patients being treated with antibacterial agents. eight species of bacteria were grown on membranes placed on agar containing subinhibitory concentrations of nine antibiotics. the resulting organisms were examined by gram stain and electron microscopy. gram stains showed filamentous and granular forms of enterobacteria with bipolar staining ... | 1975 | 242211 |
| hematological findings in acute infections and septicemias. | this paper is a report on twelve cases of septicemia, the diagnosis made possible by medical technologists observing the degenerative morphological findings in the peripheral blood smears. this led to the finding of microorganisms, prior to the bacteriological confirmation, in an active emergency department. it also includes four case reports in which the organism was identified: a meningococcus, a pneumonococcus, an escherichia coli, and a clostridium perfringens (welchii). | 1975 | 242218 |
| bacterial meningitis. some aspects of diagnosis and treatment. | | 1975 | 242276 |
| bacterial meningitis in children. | cases of bacterial, non-tuberculous meningitis among auckland children aged one month to 13 years were reviewed for the five year period september 1971 to september 1976. the aetiological agent was established in 203 of 227 cases. haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent cause and together with streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for all sequelae s. pneumoniae was responsible for most fatal cases. it is an unusually common cause of meningitis in auckland, particularly in children under a year ... | 1977 | 272567 |
| childhood pneumonia at goroka hospital. | we have reviewed the clinical presentation of pneumonia to the goroka paediatric ward. in comparison to survivors, children dying from pneumonia more often (p less than 0.05) had malnutrition (weight-for-age under 80%), anaemia (haemoglobin under 9g%), and a marked leucocytosis (total white cell count over 30,000 cells per c.m.m.). children dying from pneumonia had been ill for longer and had been given more antibiotics prior to admission. there was no significant difference between children dyi ... | 1979 | 299332 |
| bacterial infections in pediatric hodgkin's disease: relationship to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and splenectomy. | the occurrence of bacterial infections (b.i.) among 181 children with hodgkin's disease (121 with splenectomy, 60 without splenectomy) was analyzed. twenty-seven b.i. occurred among 22 children and included 15 episodes of bacteremia-meningitis in 14 children. b.i. occurred in all age groups, but bacteremia-meningitis occurred most commonly in splenectomized children 10 years of age or less. the frequency of b.i. in splenectomized children receiving radiotherapy was 1.4%, compared to 18.3% among ... | 1978 | 306282 |
| clinical and laboratory evaluation of cefamandole in infants and children. | fifty-three infants and children, aged three months to 15 years, were treated with an average daily dose of 100 mg of cefamandole/kg intravenously. of these patients, 47 had soft tissue cellulitis and six had pneumonia. primary pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 43 of the 53 patients. bacteremia was documented in six of the 53 patients. a satisfactory clinical and bacteriologic response to c ... | 1978 | 306402 |
| clinical and laboratory investigation of cefamandole in infections of infants and children. | forty-seven infants and children with a variety of infections including bacteremia, ethmoiditis, and periorbital cellulitis, soft tissue infection, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis were treated with intravenous cefamandole. the infections were due to staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. the clinical response was prompt, and, with the exception of two cases who developed skin rash, significant side effects were not noted. in vitro cefama ... | 1978 | 307939 |
| many bacterial species are mitogenic for human blood b lymphocytes. | thirty bacterial species were tested for their ability to stimulate to increased dna synthesis in human blood lymphocytes. a definite stimulation was obtained with eighteen bacterial species. for three of these species ten different strains of each were tested, and all increased dna synthesis. the maximum response was after 3--4 days of culture, suggesting a mitogenic effect. this was confirmed by the induction of polyclonal antibody production shown by a plague assay, which was positive for nin ... | 1978 | 309629 |
| haemophilus influenzae infections in adults: report of nine cases and a review of the literature. | haemophilus influenzae is an aerobic pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus that requires both x and v factors for growth. it grows poorly, if at all, on ordinary blood agar unless streaked with staph. aureus. it grows well on chocolate agar. because this medium is often not used in culturing specimens from adults and because the organism may be overgrown by other bacteria, the frequency of h. influenzae infections has undoubtedly been seriously underestimated. this is aggravated by the failure ... | 1979 | 310943 |
| thiamphenicol in treatment of haemophilus influenzae meningitis. | 17 infants and children with pyogenic meningitis (14 haemophilus influenzae, 2 diplococcus pneumoniae, 1 neisseria meningitidis) were treated with thiamphenicol, 100 mg/kg body weight/day in 4 doses i.v., as single drug. in the h. influenzae group 10 patients were cured, 4 had relapses of meningitis, 3 with documented subdural effusions. this group is compared with 14 children matched for age, initial leucocyte and csf cell count treated with ampicillin: all of these were cured, 1 had a subdural ... | 1977 | 311771 |
| ceforanide (bl-s786) in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. | ceforanide (bl-s 786) is a new long-acting parenteral cephalosporin which has the major pharmacologic advantage of requiring only twice a day dosage. we treated 28 adult patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using doses of 500 or 1000 mg every 12 hours. twenty-four of 28 infections were due to streptococcus pneumoniae and/or hemophilus influenzae, and all pathogens were susceptible in vitro to both cephalothin and ceforanide. patients were treated for a mean of 7.5 days, and all s ... | 1979 | 315929 |
| a hex mutant of haemophilus influenzae. | a mutant of haemophilus influenzae which does not discriminate between low efficiency (le) and high efficiency (he) markers has been isolated. the mutant does not differ wild type in its sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, methyl methanesulfonate (mms) mitomycin c, and nitrous acid. spontaneous mutation frequencies for three loci studied are 10- to 30-fold higher in the mutant than in the wild type strain. low- and high-efficiency transforming markers are equally uv-resistant when assayed on t ... | 1979 | 316097 |
| the incidence of post-splenectomy sepsis and herpes zoster in children and adolescents with hodgkin disease. | the occurrence of sepsis due to streptococcus pneumoniae and hemophilus influenza and of herpes zoster (hz) was reviewed in a series of 72 consecutive, previously untreated children and adolescents with hodgkin disease. there was not a statistically significant difference in the risk of developing sepsis within five years of diagnosis between patients who had (16.6%) or had not (6.2%) undergone splenectomy. sepsis occurred most frequently among patients treated initially with total nodal irradia ... | 1979 | 317350 |
| infectious pneumonias: a review. | diplococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. other frequently isolated bacterial pathogens are hemophilus influenzae, klebsiella organisms, and staphylococcus aureus. the etiologic agents most commonly implicated in hopsital-acquired pneumonias are gram-negative bacilli including e. coli, proteus organisms, and species of klebsiella-enterobacter, pseudomonas, and serratia. among older children and young-adults, myocoplasma pneumoniae is a comm ... | 1977 | 320285 |
| routine laboratory assessment of postoperative chest infection: a prospective study. | postoperative chest infection was studied prospectively in 73 patients in order to evaluate standard laboratory methods of sputum examination and to relate the results to the patients' clinical state and to antibiotic therapy. when a culture medium selective for haemophilus was used in addition to unselective media, homogenisation of the specimen gave no advantage. laboratory and clinical findings usually corresponded well. profuse growths of streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae we ... | 1977 | 325018 |
| sickle cell anemia and severe infections due to encapsulated bacteria. | overwhelming infections caused by encapsulated bacteria are an important cause of morbidity and death in children with sickle cell anemia. the most important contributing factors to this increased susceptibility to infections are an opsonophagocytic defect due to an abnormality of the alternate pathway of complement activation, a state of functional hyposplenia, and a lack of specific circulating antibodies as a developmental phenomenon. if the inordinately high, early mortality rate associated ... | 1977 | 330779 |
| the "patchy" immunodeficiency of cba/n mice. | the in vivo responses of cba/n (which have an x-linked defect of b lymphocyte differentiation) and cba/j normal mice to 2,4,6-trinitrophenylated (tnp) bacteriophage t4 and diplococcus pneumoniae cs variant have been compared. both antigens are thymus-independent (ti), and tnp-cs additionally contains the phosphorylcholine (pc) epitope, cba/n and cba/j mice give tnp plaque-forming cell responses similar in magnitude and avidity although only cba/j give a pc response when challenged with tnp-cs. t ... | 1977 | 338312 |