| lectin binding sites in parotid acinar secretory granules of normal and isoproterenol treated rat. | lectin staining patterns in secretory granules of rat parotid gland acinar cell of untreated and isoproterenol-injected animals were examined by electron microscopy. we used four lectin-gold complexes: ulex europaeus agglutinin i (uea-i), helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), glycine max agglutinin (sba). specimens were low temperature embedded in the hydrophilic lowicryl k4m resin. the normal acinar cells produced glycoconjugates which were positive for all of the lectins ... | 1999 | 10363359 |
| effects of a soybean isoflavone mixture on carcinogenesis in prostate and seminal vesicles of f344 rats. | several epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between the risk of prostate cancer and intake of soybeans and their products. in vitro data pointing to possible anti-carcinogenic properties of the soybean isoflavone, genistein, led us to investigate the chemopreventive potential of soybean isoflavones in a rat carcinogenesis model induced by 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (dmab) and testosterone propionate (tp). animals received dmab s.c. injections at 2-week intervals for ... | 1999 | 10363576 |
| prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis based on pathogenesis. | multiple agents have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis. s-adenosylmethionine was reported to oppose ccl4-induced fibrosis in the rat, to attenuate the consequences of the ethanol-induced oxidative stress, and to decrease mortality in cirrhotics. anti-inflammatory medications and agents that interfere with collagen synthesis, such as inhibitors of prolyl-4-hydroxylase and antioxidants, are also being tested. in nonhuman primates, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (ppc), extract ... | 1999 | 10371420 |
| fermentation of low-salt miso as affected by supplementation with ethanol. | steam-cooked soybeans and rice koji were combined (1:1, w/w), mixed with 5% (w/w) nacl and ground into a fine paste. samples (30 g) were deposited in nylon/polyethylene plastic bags and supplemented with 10 ml of aqueous ethanol solutions to give concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% ethanol. mixtures were homogenized, sealed, and incubated at 28 degrees c for eight weeks. mold populations were less than 3 log10 cfu/g in all miso products after four weeks of fermentation. yeast p ... | 1999 | 10375131 |
| distribution of two isoforms of nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in soybean (glycine max). | two different cdnas that encode nadp-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp-idh) isozymes of soybean (glycine max) were characterized. the nucleotide sequences of the coding regions of these cdnas have 74% identity to each other and give predicted amino acid sequences that have 83% identity to each other. using pcr techniques, their coding regions were subcloned into a protein overexpression vector, pqe32, to yield pidh4 and pidh1, respectively. both idh4 and idh1 enzymes were expressed in esch ... | 1999 | 10394941 |
| a new class of plant homeobox genes is expressed in specific regions of determinate symbiotic root nodules. | a cdna containing a homeobox sequence was isolated from a soybean nodule-specific expression library. this homeobox cdna, ndx (nodulin homeobox), represents a small gene family with at least two members in soybean (glycine max) and three in lotus japonicus. one complete 3304 bp ndx cdna from l. japonicus encodes a protein, ndx, of 958 amino acids. an unusual type of homeodomain that differs in two of the most conserved amino acid positions in the consensus sequence is located close to the c-term ... | 1999 | 10394946 |
| sphingolipids in food and the emerging importance of sphingolipids to nutrition. | eukaryotic organisms as well as some prokaryotes and viruses contain sphingolipids, which are defined by a common structural feature, i.e. , a "sphingoid base" backbone such as d-erythro-1,3-dihydroxy, 2-aminooctadec-4-ene (sphingosine). the sphingolipids of mammalian tissues, lipoproteins, and milk include ceramides, sphingomyelins, cerebrosides, gangliosides and sulfatides; plants, fungi and yeast have mainly cerebrosides and phosphoinositides. the total amounts of sphingolipids in food vary c ... | 1999 | 10395583 |
| the effect of growth and measurement temperature on the activity of the alternative respiratory pathway | a postulated role of the cn-resistant alternative respiratory pathway in plants is the maintenance of mitochondrial electron transport at low temperatures that would otherwise inhibit the main phosphorylating pathway and prevent the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species. this role is supported by the observation that alternative oxidase protein levels often increase when plants are subjected to growth at low temperatures. we used oxygen isotope fractionation to measure the distribution of e ... | 1999 | 10398711 |
| further characterization of m cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of the chicken. | m cells are considered to be the most effective cells for the transport of antigens from the intestinal lumen into the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. m cells are characterized by their ultrastructural appearance, the selective uptake of antigens, the binding of lectins, and the presence of underlying lymphocytes. little attention has been paid to the interaction of intra-epithelial leucocytes and m cells in chickens; therefore, we have investigated both cell types separately and using double im ... | 1999 | 10404676 |
| ultrastructural studies of glycan changes in the apical surface of the uterine epithelium during pre-ovulatory and and pre-implantation stages in the marmoset monkey. | it has been postulated that carbohydrates are involved in a variety of cell-cell interactions including blastocyst implantation. in primates, there are only limited investigations on the ultrastructural localisation of the cyclic changes in uterine epithelial surface carbohydrates. our aim was to investigate such changes during the pre-ovulatory and pre-implantation stages of the reproductive cycle in the marmoset monkey. after fixation of endometrial tissues, avidin-ferritin lectin cytochemistr ... | 1999 | 10411392 |
| phytoestrogens: the "natural" selective estrogen receptor modulators? | phytoestrogens are diphenolic compounds that are present in several plants eaten by human beings. soybeans and flaxseed are particularly abundant source of phytoestrogens. when ingested in relatively large amounts, phytoestrogens have been shown to have significant estrogen agonists/antagonists effects in animals and humans. there is epidemiological, laboratory and clinical evidence which indicates that phytoestrogens, like certain selective estrogen receptor mudulators, have an antiproliferativ ... | 1999 | 10428321 |
| isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding mitochondrial phosphate transporters in soybean, maize, rice, and arabidopis. | cdna clones encoding mitochondrial phosphate transporters were isolated from four herbaceous plants. the cdnas for the soybean, maize and rice transporters contained entire coding regions, whereas the arabidopsis cdna lacked the 5' portion. the hydropathy profiles of the deduced amino acid sequences predicted the existence of six membrane-spanning domains which are highly conserved in the mitochondrial transporter family. in soybeans, the mrna level for the transporter was high in tissues contai ... | 1999 | 10437831 |
| performance and digestibilities of beef cattle fed diets supplemented with either soybean meal or roasted soybeans and implanted with synovex. | two 160-d feedlot experiments, each consisting of 20 angus-hereford steers (216 +/- 5 kg bw, exp. 1; 258 +/- 5 kg bw, exp. 2) and 20 angus-hereford heifers (208 +/- 5 kg bw, exp. 1; 236 +/- 5 kg bw, exp. 2), were used to investigate the effects of supplementing diets with either roasted soybeans (rsb, roasted at 127 degrees c for 10 min) or soybean meal (sbm) and implanting or not implanting with an estrogenic growth promoter (syn; synovex-s, 20 mg of estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg of progestero ... | 1999 | 10438006 |
| the effect of roasted soybeans in the diet of feedlot steers and synovex-s ear implants on carcass characteristics and estimated composition. | beef steer carcasses from three 2 x 2 factorial feeding experiments (exp. 1, 20 carcasses; exp. 2 and 3, 19 carcasses each) were evaluated to study the influence of supplementing with roasted soybeans (rsb; 127 degrees c for 10 min) vs soybean meal (sbm) and implanting with the estrogenic growth promoter synovex-s (syn, 20 mg estradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone) on carcass merit, composition of dissected 9-10-11th rib section, estimated edible carcass composition, and cooking characterist ... | 1999 | 10438018 |
| early events in the signal pathway for the oxidative burst in soybean cells exposed to avirulent pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea | soybean (glycine max) cv williams 82 suspension cultures exhibit an oxidative burst approximately 3 h after challenge with pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea (psg) harboring the avra (avirulence) gene. pretreatment with the tyrosine (tyr) kinase inhibitor herbimycin a or the serine/threonine kinase inhibitor k252a abolished the burst and subsequent induction of glutathione s-transferase. however, imposition of a 45-min rest period between pathogen challenge and subsequent addition of the kinase in ... | 1999 | 10444097 |
| localization of h(+)-atpases in soybean root nodules. | the localization of h(+)-atpases in soybean (glycine max l. cv. stevens) nodules was investigated using antibodies against both p-type and v-type enzymes. immunoblots of peribacteroid membrane (pbm) proteins using antibodies against tobacco and arabidopsis h(+)-atpases detected a single immunoreactive band at approximately 100 kda. these antibodies recognized a protein of similar relative molecular mass in the crude microsomal fraction from soybean nodules and uninoculated roots. the amount of t ... | 1999 | 10467028 |
| effects of total dietary nitrogen and nitrogen form on the development of xylophagous leafhoppers | the influence of primary nutrients on the development of the leafhopper homalodisca coagulata (say) was examined using glycine max (l.) merrill subjected to treatments using different forms of nitrogen fertilization (urea and nitrate) and inoculation with rhizobium bacteria. concentrations of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, and ureides in xylem fluid varied with treatment; differences were most pronounced in young plants (6 weeks after planting), and subsided as plants aged. plants re ... | 1999 | 10467055 |
| essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. | human beings evolved consuming a diet that contained about equal amounts of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids. over the past 100-150 y there has been an enormous increase in the consumption of n-6 fatty acids due to the increased intake of vegetable oils from corn, sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, cottonseed, and soybeans. today, in western diets, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids ranges from approximately 20-30:1 instead of the traditional range of 1-2:1. studies indicate that a high intake ... | 1999 | 10479232 |
| incorporation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids into pork fatty tissues. | the incorporation and elimination rate of dietary pufa in pork fat was investigated in this study. experiment 1 examined the incorporation of dietary pufa into backfat (bf) and into the triglyceride (tg) and phospholipid (pl) fractions of the i.m. fat of the loin. experiment 2 examined the elimination of pufa from bf due to withdrawal of pufa from the diet. in exp. 1, piétrain x seghers hybrid pigs (70 barrows and 70 gilts averaging 11 wk of age and 30 kg initially) were assigned to five dietary ... | 1999 | 10492456 |
| phylogenetic analyses of bradyrhizobium strains nodulating soybean (glycine max) in thailand with reference to the usda strains of bradyrhizobium. | to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between thai soybean bradyrhizobia and usda strains of bradyrhizobium, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis using the nifdk gene probe and sequencing of the partial 16s rrna gene were performed. in our previous work, thai isolates of bradyrhizobium sp. (glycine max) were separated clearly from bradyrhizobium japonicum and bradyrhizobium elkanii based on the rflp analysis using the noddyabc gene probe. rflp analysis using the nifdk g ... | 1999 | 10528395 |
| glyphosate effects on phenolic metabolism of nodulated soybean (glycine max l. merr.). | glyphosate is a herbicide that blocks the shikimic acid pathway. three bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different sensitivities to glyphosate were used to test the effect of this herbicide on the phenolic metabolism of nodulated soybeans and on the bacteroid nitrogenase activity. glyphosate caused an inhibition in the bacteroid nitrogenase activity that was related with the sensitivity of the nodule-forming strains. both leaves and nodules accumulated huge amounts of shikimate and phenolic ... | 1999 | 10552587 |
| glutathione and homoglutathione synthesis in legume root nodules. | high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with fluorescence detection was used to study thiol metabolism in legume nodules. glutathione (gsh) was the major non-protein thiol in all indeterminate nodules examined, as well as in the determinate nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), whereas homoglutathione (hgsh) predominated in soybean (glycine max), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), and mungbean (vigna radiata) nodules. all nodules had greater thiol concentrations than the leaves and roots of the s ... | 1999 | 10557236 |
| dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine selectively modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced kupffer cell activation. | polyenylphosphatidylcholine (ppc), a mixture of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines extracted from soybeans, protects against alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver injury. because kupffer cells mediate liver injury, we hypothesized that ppc may modulate their activation. the activation of kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide (lps) leads to an enhanced production of cytokines. among these, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-alpha) exerts mainly a hepatotoxic effect, whereas interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) ... | 1999 | 10560939 |
| a new class of proteins capable of binding transition metals. | ion uptake, transport, and sequestration are essential to meet the nutritional requirements for plant growth and development. furthermore, regulation of these processes is critical for plants to tolerate toxic levels of ions. the examination of isoprenylated proteins encoded by arabidopsis thaliana and glycine max cdnas revealed a unique family of proteins containing putative metal-binding motifs (the core sequence is m/lxcxxc). here, we describe this new class of proteins, which are capable of ... | 1999 | 10561075 |
| antimutagenic activity of isoflavones from soybean seeds (glycine max merrill). | two isoflavones, daidzein (1) and genistein (2), were isolated from soybean hypocotyls. daidzein and genistein showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the sos response in salmonellatyphimurium ta1535/psk1002 against the mutagen 3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[4,3b]indole (trp-p-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes. compound 1 suppressed 73% of the sos-inducing activity at concentrations <0.74 micromol/ml, and the id(50) value was 0.37 micromol/ml. compound 2 suppressed 95% ... | 1999 | 10563978 |
| effect of feeding macerated alfalfa silage on nutrient digestibility and milk yield in lactating dairy cows. | five feeding studies were conducted with 141 lactating holstein cows comparing macerated and control alfalfa silage harvested at two cuttings in each of 2 yr. overall, silage made from macerated alfalfa contained more ash (suggesting improved soil contamination); greater fiber and lower nonprotein nitrogen (npn) content suggested greater fermentation in the silo. in a digestion study, two diets were fed containing [dry matter (dm) basis] 72% of either control or macerated second-cutting alfalfa. ... | 1999 | 10575615 |
| stop-and-go movements of plant golgi stacks are mediated by the acto-myosin system. | the golgi apparatus in plant cells consists of a large number of independent golgi stack/trans-golgi network/golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. to study the dynamic behavior of these golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cdna from soybean (glycine max), gmman1, encoding the resident golgi protein alpha-1,2 mannosidase i. the predicted protein of approximately 65 kd shows similarity of general structure and sequence (45% identity) to ... | 1999 | 10594100 |
| lectin histochemistry of dog major and minor salivary glands. | the distribution of different carbohydrates in dog major and minor salivary glands was investigated using a peroxidase-labelled avidin-biotin method to demonstrate binding of six lectins (canavalia ensiformis agglutinin [con a], dolichos biflorus agglutinin [dba], arachis hypogaea (peanut) agglutinin [pna], glycine max agglutinin [sba], tetragonolobus purpurea agglutinin [tgp] and wheat germ agglutinin [wga]). with pna, there was only weak staining in serous acini of parotid glands. other lectin ... | 1999 | 10596406 |
| new 6-o-acyl isoflavone glycosides from soybeans fermented with bacillus subtilis (natto). i. 6-o-succinylated isoflavone glycosides and their preventive effects on bone loss in ovariectomized rats fed a calcium-deficient diet. | three new 6-o-acylated isoflavone glycosides were isolated from soybeans fermented with bacillus subtilis (natto) and identified as daidzein 7-o-beta-(6''-o-succinyl)-d-glucoside (1), genistein 7-o-beta-(6''-o-succinyl)-d-glucoside (2), and glycitein 7-o-beta-(6''-o-succinyl)-d-glucoside (3) on the basis of spectral data and chemical transformations. during fermentation, the content of the isoflavone glycosides first decreased and then increased, whereas the corresponding 6''-o-succinyl derivati ... | 1999 | 10598027 |
| a nonisotopic enzyme-based immunoassay for assessing human exposure to genistein. | phytoestrogenic isoflavones that are abundant in soybeans may be an important group of natural products that could play a critical role in preventing several chronic human diseases. to facilitate studying the relationship of soya exposure and chronic diseases, we report a simple method for measuring an isoflavone, genistein, in human urine and plasma. the method is a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay that utilizes a conjugate of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and genistein as tracer and a mono ... | 1999 | 10624712 |
| transganglionic transport of the lectin soybean agglutinin (glycine max) following injection into the sciatic nerve of the adult rat. | the lectin soybean agglutinin (sba) from glycine max binds to small-sized dorsal root ganglion cells and their central terminals in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. here we investigated the ability of sba and sba conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (sba-hrp) to trace thin calibre afferents into the spinal cord from a peripheral nerve. following injection into the sciatic nerve, labelled cells in the dorsal root ganglion were predominantly small-sized but some medium-sized cells w ... | 1998 | 10640182 |
| [medical and biological evaluation of safety of protein concentrate from genetically-modified soybeans. biochemical studies]. | the rats were fed with albuminous concentrate from the genetically modified soybean 40-3-2 ("monsanto co", usa) 1.25 g/rat/day for 5 months. their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, ph, relative density and creatinine level in the urea, as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the i and ii phases of xenobiotic metabolism, and the whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities. the lasting ... | 1999 | 10641273 |
| investigations on the intestinal availability of native thiamin in selected foods and feedstuffs. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the precaecal digestibility as a quantitative measure for the intestinal availability of naturally occurring thiamin from selected foods and feedstuffs. therefore, three experiments were conducted to examine the following foods and feedstuffs: eggs, bananas, white cabbage, corn, milk, fish, barley, soybeans, rice, wheat bran, brewer's yeast, rye and soybean meal. the foods and food processing procedures were made with regard to their relevance in h ... | 1999 | 10654161 |
| high-efficiency induction of soybean hairy roots and propagation of the soybean cyst nematode. | cotyledon explants of 10 soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] cultivars were inoculated with agrobacterium rhizogenes strain k599 with and without binary vectors pbi121 or pbinm-gfp5-er possessing both neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) or nptii and green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes, respectively. hairy roots were produced from the wounded surface of 54-95% of the cotyledon explants on mxb selective medium containing 200 microg ml(-1) kanamycin and 500 microg ml( ... | 2000 | 10664125 |
| transgene expression driven by heterologous ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small-subunit gene promoters in the vegetative tissues of apple (malus pumila mill.). | it is desirable that the expression of transgenes in genetically modified crops is restricted to the tissues requiring the encoded activity. to this end, we have studied the ability of the heterologous ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) small-subunit (ssu) gene promoters, rbcs3cp (0.8 kbp) from tomato (hycopersion esculentum mill.) and srs1p (1.5 kbp) from soybean (glycine max [h.] mers.), to drive expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) marker gene in apple (malus pum ... | 2000 | 10664129 |
| history of plant population genetics. | this review of plant population genetics focuses on the genetic foundations of the processes that have led to documentable improvements in cultivated plants since the earliest domestications took place perhaps 13,000 years ago. nearly all human civilizations have depended heavily on inbreeding plants (particularly wheat, barley, soybeans and other inbreeding legumes), as well as outbreeding vegetatively propagated species (white potatoes, yams) as their dietary standbys. the principal exception ... | 1999 | 10690402 |
| role of hsfa gene on host-specificity by bradyrhizobium japonicum in a broad range of tropical legumes. | bradyrhizobium japonicum mutant strain nad163, containing a 30-kb deletion mutant encompassing the hsfa gene, was inoculated onto a broad range of legume species to test host-specificity. most legume species formed ineffective nodules except vigna angularis var. chibopat and glycine max var. pureunkong. a hsfa insertion mutant, bjjc211, gave similar results to strain nad163, implying that many legume species require hsfa for host-specific nitrogen fixation. to determine whether other genes in th ... | 2000 | 10696474 |
| survival and epiphytic fitness of a nonpathogenic mutant of xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines. | xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines is the causal agent of bacterial pustule disease of soybeans. the objective of this work was to construct a nonpathogenic mutant derived from the pathogenic wild-type strain yr32 and to evaluate its effectiveness in preventing growth of its parent on the soybean phyllosphere. a mini-tn5-derived transposon was used to generate nonpathogenic mutants. southern hybridization and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of a single transposon in each ... | 2000 | 10698789 |
| effects of soybean (glycine max) germination on biologically active components, nutritional values of seeds, and biological characteristics in rats. | we briefly reviewed the effects of soybean germination on biologically active components, nutritive value of seed and biological characteristics in rats. the purpose of this review is to evaluate the effects of soybean germination on nutritional values of seeds and the potential importance for the use of germinated soybeans, from a contemporary conception, in food preparation as well as on soybean possible influence in optimal health. germination induced a substantial increase in the content of ... | 2000 | 10702991 |
| production of african breadfruit (treculia africana) and soybean (glycine max) seed based food formulations, 1: effects of germination and fermentation on nutritional and organoleptic quality. | germination and fermentation were investigated as methods of improving the nutritional and organoleptic properties of soybean and african breadfruit seed based food formulations. four products consisting of germinated-fermented soy-breadfruit seeds (gfsb), nongerminated-fermented soy-breadfruit seeds (ngfsb), germinated-nonfermented soy-breadfruit seeds (gnfsb) and nongerminated-nonfermented soy-breadfruit seeds (ngnfsb) were prepared. phytic acid contents, in vitro protein digestibilities, prot ... | 1999 | 10716401 |
| production of african breadfruit (treculia africana) and soybean (glycine max) seed based food formulations, 2: effects of germination and fermentation on microbiological and physical properties. | the effects of germination (g) and naturally fermented (f) on the bacterial flora, viscosities and moisture sorption isotherms of soybean (s) and african breadfruit (b) seed based food products were investigated. bacillus, enterobacter, enterobacteriaceae, proteus, serratia and staphylococcus species dominated in the nonfermented products. lactobacillus, leuconostoc, pediococcus and yeast species dominated in the fermented products whose gruels also inhibited growth of coagulase positive staphyl ... | 1999 | 10716402 |
| effect of process improvement on the physico-chemical properties of infant weaning food from fermented composite blends of cereal and soybeans. | saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum atcc 10776 were used as starters to ferment various composite blends of cereals and legumes produced through malting and toasting of two varieties of maize--zea mays (dmr-lsr white & dmr-esr yellow), sorghum--sorghum bicolor (dawa white & dawa red) and one variety of soybeans (glycine ax). compared to the untoasted and unmalted fermented blends, a relatively lower ph (3.6), highly sour product was obtained with 12 h of fermentation. results al ... | 1999 | 10716405 |
| effects of lectins with different carbohydrate-binding specificities on hepatoma, choriocarcinoma, melanoma and osteosarcoma cell lines. | the effects of lectins with different carbohydrate-binding specificities on human hepatoma (h3b), human choriocarcinoma (jar), mouse melanoma (b16) and rat osteosarcoma (ros) cell lines were investigated. cell viability was estimated by uptake of crystal violet. wheat germ lectin was the lectin with the most deleterious effect on the viability of h3b, jar and ros cell lines. the cytotoxicity of lectins with similar sugar-binding specificity to wheat germ lectin, including maackia amurensis lecti ... | 2000 | 10716633 |
| quantification and characterization of volatiles evolved during extrusion of rice and soy flours. | nasa-johnson space center is designing and building a habitat (bioregenerative planetary life support systems test complex, bio-plex) intended for evaluating advanced life support systems developed for long-duration missions to the moon or mars where all consumables will be recycled and reused. a food system based on raw products obtained from higher plants (such as soybeans, rice, and wheat) may be a central feature of a biologically based advanced life support system. to convert raw crops to e ... | 2000 | 10753459 |
| a new is4 family insertion sequence, is4bsu1, responsible for genetic instability of poly-gamma-glutamic acid production in bacillus subtilis. | certain bacillus subtilis strains, such as b. subtilis (natto) starter strains for the manufacture of natto (fermented soybeans), produce capsular poly-gamma-glutamate (gammapga). in b. subtilis (natto), gammapga synthesis is controlled by the comp-coma two-component regulatory system and thereby induced at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. we have found a new insertion sequence (is), designated is4bsu1, in the comp gene of a spontaneous gammapga-negative mutant of b. subtilis (natto ... | 2000 | 10762236 |
| protein and energy evaluation of soybean meals processed from genetically modified high-protein soybeans. | a conventional and two genetically modified soybean samples were processed to dehulled soybean meal (sbm) at a pilot plant and were compared with sbm from a commercial processing plant. crude protein levels (%) of the experimental sbm samples were m700, 52.5; m702, 53.4; and m703, 62.7. the commercial sbm sample (ui) contained 47.5% protein. amino acid, gross energy, lipid, and fiber analyses were carried out, and true metabolizable energy and true amino acid digestibility were determined with a ... | 2000 | 10780648 |
| purification, molecular cloning and ethylene-inducible expression of a soluble-type epoxide hydrolase from soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.). | a soybean protein was purified from mature dry seeds. amino-acid sequencing of the nine internal peptides derived from this n-terminally blocked protein showed that it has a significant similarity to the soluble epoxide hydrolases known to date. a degenerate series of 23-mer oligonucleotides with sequences corresponding to an internal region of eight amino-acid residues was synthesized as a probe mixture for detection of a putative epoxide hydrolase cdna in a developing cotyledon cdna library. t ... | 2000 | 10785386 |
| a lipochito-oligosaccharide, nod factor, induces transient calcium influx in soybean suspension-cultured cells. | lipochito-oligosaccharides (nod factors) produced by rhizobium or bradyrhizobium are the key signal molecules for eliciting nodulation in their corresponding host legumes. to elucidate the signal transduction events mediated by nod factors, we investigated the effects of nod factors on the cytosolic [ca2+] of protoplasts prepared from roots and suspension-cultured cells of soybean (glycine max and g. soja) using a fluorescent ca2+ indicator, fura-pe3. nodbj-v (c18:1, mefuc), which is a major com ... | 2000 | 10792822 |
| time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of plasma daidzein and genistein. | we present a method for the determination of the phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein in plasma (serum). these weakly estrogenic isoflavones occur in soybeans and in smaller amounts in some other beans and plants. it has been suggested that they may afford protection against prostate and breast cancer. the method is based on time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) using a europium chelate as a label. after synthesis of 4'-o-carboxymethyl-daidzein and 4'-o-carboxymethyl-genistein the compounds ... | 2000 | 10802284 |
| comparative analysis of expressed sequences in phytophthora sojae. | phytophthora sojae (kaufmann and gerdemann) is an oomycete that causes stem and root rot on soybean (glycine max l. merr) plants. we have constructed three cdna libraries using mrna isolated from axenically grown mycelium and zoospores and from tissue isolated from plant hypocotyls 48 h after inoculation with zoospores. a total of 3,035 expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated from the three cdna libraries, representing an estimated 2,189 cdna transcripts. the ests were classified according ... | 2000 | 10806241 |
| distinct chk2 activation pathways are triggered by genistein and dna-damaging agents in human melanoma cells. | genistein, a natural isoflavone found in soybeans, exerts a number of biological actions suggesting that it may have a role in cancer prevention. we have previously shown that it potently inhibits ocm-1 melanoma cell proliferation by inducing a g(2) cell cycle arrest. here we show that genistein exerts this effect by impairing the cdc25c-dependent tyr-15 dephosphorylation of cdk1, as the overexpression of this phosphatase allows the cells to escape g(2) arrest and enter an abnormal chromatin con ... | 2000 | 10809772 |
| conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content of milk from cows offered diets rich in linoleic and linolenic acid. | two experiments were conducted to determine the conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content of milk from cows offered diets rich in linoleic and linolenic acid. in experiment 1, 36 cows were assigned to a control and five treatment groups. cows in the control group received a diet containing 51% forage and 49% grain on a dry matter basis. in the treatment group, grain was partly replaced by either 18% raw cracked soybeans, 18% roasted cracked soybeans, 3.6% soybean oil, 2.2% linseed oil, or 4.4% lins ... | 2000 | 10821577 |
| milk production during the complete lactation of dairy cows fed diets containing different amounts of protein. | milk production response to four different amounts of protein supplementation was measured in a complete lactation study utilizing 58 multiparous holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin. the four treatments were as follows (the first number is the dietary crude protein content (% of dry matter) during the first 16 wk of lactation and the second number is the protein content for wk 17 to 44 of lactation): 15.4-16.0, 17.4-16.0, 17.4-17.9, and 19.3-17.9. diets were formulated to maximize the ... | 2000 | 10821579 |
| bradyrhizobium spp. (tgx) isolates nodulating the new soybean cultivars in africa are diverse and distinct from bradyrhizobia that nodulate north american soybeans. | the newly developed cultivars of soybean in africa, known as tropical glycine cross (tgx), are nodulated by bradyrhizobia indigenous to african soils, here designated bradyrhizobium spp. (tgx). isolates of bradyrhizobium spp. (tgx) obtained from nodules of tgx soybeans that were inoculated with soils from 65 locations in six african countries were characterized and grouped into 11 phylogenetic clusters on the basis of rflp of the 16s rrna gene. five restriction enzymes (rsai, hinfi, mspi, cfoi a ... | 2000 | 10826808 |
| effects of genistein exposure on sexually dimorphic behaviors in rats. | the phytoestrogen genistein, the principal isoflavone in soybeans, has adverse effects on animal reproduction. as adult physiology and behavior are sensitive to perturbation by developmental estrogens, exposure to genistein during development may produce behavioral alterations as well. pregnant rats were fed soy-free diets containing 0, 25, 250, or 1250 ppm genistein (approximately 0, 2, 20, or 100 mg/kg/day) beginning on gestational day 7, and offspring continued on these diets through postnata ... | 2000 | 10828262 |
| effect of allomelanin on tumor growth suppression in vivo and on the cell cycle phase. | allomelanins are nitrogen-free macromolecular polymers of simple phenols produced by higher plants and fungi. in an earlier work we found that allomelanins were effective in suppressing the growth of cultured tumor cells. in the present study we examined the effect of these polymers on the survival curve of balb/c mice inoculated i.p. with meth/a cells (3 x 10(4) cells/mouse), which originated from a malignant lymphoma. allomelanins were extracted from black sesame seeds and black soybeans, and ... | 1997 | 10851475 |
| antitumor effect of anthocyanin fractions extracted from red soybeans and red beans in vitro and in vivo. | many bioflavonoids extracted from petals of higher plants and from fruit rinds, as well as purified flavonoids, have been reported to have antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. bioflavonoids extracted from red soybeans are mostly cyanin conjugated with glucose and rhamnose, whereas bioflavonoids of red beans are cyanin conjugated with rhamnose as revealed by thin-layer chromatogram. flavonoids extracted from red soybeans were effective in inhibiting the growth of hct-15 cells in vitro. on the ... | 1997 | 10851476 |
| tumor cell growth-inhibiting effect of melanoidins extracted from miso and soy sauce | melanoidins, a group of plant-produced melanins, were extracted from miso and shoyu (soy sauce), which are products of soybeans and widely consumed as food in oriental countries. the molecular weight of these melanoidins was approximately 5600 as revealed by sepharose cl-4b column chromatography. the melanoidins were cultured together with hct-15 cells derived from human colon carcinoma and ags cells derived from human gastric carcinoma. significant cell growth suppression was observed by incuba ... | 1997 | 10851494 |
| the effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeans on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk fat of dairy cows. | conjugated linoleic acid (cla), a naturally occurring anticarcinogen found in dairy products, is a byproduct of incomplete ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. our objective was to determine the effect of nonstructural carbohydrate sources, addition of full fat extruded soybeans as a source of unsaturated fatty acids, and possible interactions on the milk fat content of cla. cows (n = 20) were assigned to a 4 x 4 latin square involving two sources of nonstructural carbohydrate, h ... | 2000 | 10877397 |
| characterization of an atrazine-degrading pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from canadian and french agricultural soils. | atrazine, a herbicide widely used in corn production, is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant. fourteen bacterial strains able to use this herbicide as a sole source of nitrogen were isolated from soils obtained from two farms in canada and two farms in france. these strains were indistinguishable from each other based on repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr genomic fingerprinting performed with primers eric1r, eric2, and boxa1r. based on 16s rrna sequence analysis of one representativ ... | 2000 | 10877767 |
| [vegetable resources with agroindustrial potential from guatemala. chemical characterization of the pulp and of the seeds of theobroma bicolor]. | t. bicolor grows wild in certain regions of guatemala. the fruit is utilized by the rural population for the preparation of drinks from the pulp and the seed, replacing cocoa (t. cocoa). the fruit of t. bicolor used in the present study, measured on the average, 15 cm long and had an average weight, of 752 g. the pulp, the shell, and the seed represented 23.8, 62.5, and 13.7%, respectively, of the fruit weight. the pulp contained on the average, 38 seeds/fruit, which weighted on the average, 1.1 ... | 1999 | 10883304 |
| [inheritance of resistance to heterodera glycines race 14 in huibuzhi black bean]. | heterodera glycines is the most serious disease in the world soybean (glycine max) production. huibuzhi black bean from xing county in shanxi province, china is one of the most important resistant resources. using a set of host differentials for soybean cyst nematode and criterion of race classification as well as method of manual inoculation, race 14 was identified as a prevalent one in the soil population of the experiment station, institute of plant protection, chinese academy of agricultural ... | 2000 | 10887682 |
| enzymatic formation of ether linkage producing shoyuflavones from genistein and (+/-)-trans-epoxysuccinic acid. | the production mechanism of shoyuflavones, conjugated ethers of isoflavones with tartaric acid and isolated from fermented soy sauce, was studied. in the high molecular weight fraction of the culture extract of aspergillus oryzae, genistein was transformed into shoyuflavone b in the presence of (+/-)-trans-epoxysuccinic acid but not in the low molecular one. asp. sojae and asp. tamarii showed high activity similar to asp. oryzae but none of asp. niger, rhizopus oligosporus, and mucor praini did. ... | 2000 | 10888513 |
| induction of the soybean phytoalexins coumestrol and glyceollin by aspergillus. | several isoflavonoid phytoalexins produced by soybeans are known to be estrogenic, with potential beneficial health effects in humans. increased production of phytoalexins by the soybean plant will facilitate research efforts in this area. in this study, phytoalexin induction and accumulation in soybean cotyledon tissue was observed using four species of aspergillus: a. sojae, a. oryzae, a. niger, and a. flavus. all four aspergillus species tested elicited phytoalexin accumulation in living soyb ... | 2000 | 10888516 |
| electrospray characterization of selected medicinal plant extracts. | extracts of selected medicinal plants were examined by electrospray mass spectrometry (esi-ms). this technique allowed identification of the main components of each extract, thereby providing a typical finger-print of the examined plants. more specifically, anthocyanins (vaccinium myrtillus), isoflavones (glycine max, soybean), flavonol-glycosides and terpenes (ginkgo biloba), triterpenes (centella asiatica), caffeoyl-quinic acids (cynara scolymus, artichoke), ginsenosides (panax ginseng), catec ... | 2000 | 10898155 |
| field evaluation of soybean engineered with a synthetic cry1ac transgene for resistance to corn earworm, soybean looper, velvetbean caterpillar (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and lesser cornstalk borer (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | a transgenic line of the soybean 'jack', glycine max (l.) merrill, expressing a synthetic cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki (jack-bt), was evaluated for resistance to four lepidopteran pests in the field. jack-bt and genotypes serving as susceptible and resistant controls were planted in field cages and artificially infested with larvae of corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner), in 1996, 1997, and 1998, and also w ... | 2000 | 10902306 |
| foraging resources of adult mexican corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in bell county, texas. | pollen analyses were used to determine pollen foraging resources of adult mexican corn rootworms, diabrotica virgifera zeae krysan & smith, captured near temple, bell county, tx, in 1996 and 1997. in 1996, adult mexican corn rootworms were captured in a corn, zea mays l., field. in 1997, nine locations outside of cornfields were added. overall, 92% of the beetles (n = 1,323) contained pollen. more than 142,000 pollen grains were counted, representing 45 families, 63 genera, and 27 species. overa ... | 2000 | 10902309 |
| delayed maturity associated with southern green stink bug (heteroptera: pentatomidae) injury at various soybean phenological stages. | delayed maturity in soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., occurred in response to infestation by southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), in 4 yr of field studies. maturity delays followed stink bug infestation that occurred only during the pod set and filling stages (r3-r5.5), and infestations at r3-4 and r5 resulted in delayed maturity more consistently than did infestation at r5.5. infestation levels of six stink bugs per 0.3 m of row for 7-14 d generally were required to delay soybean matu ... | 2000 | 10902319 |
| carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rhizobium. | one of the paradigms of symbiotic nitrogen fixation has been that bacteroids reduce n2 to ammonium and secrete it without assimilation into amino acids. this has recently been challenged by work with soybeans showing that only alanine is excreted in 15n2 labelling experiments. work with peas shows that the bacteroid nitrogen secretion products during in vitro experiments depend on the experimental conditions. there is a mixed secretion of both ammonium and alanine depending critically on the con ... | 2000 | 10907556 |
| forage systems for production of stocker steers in the upper south. | the southern states produce large numbers of beef calves that are generally weaned and sold in autumn. keeping calves in this region beyond weaning to graze high-quality forages through a stocker cattle phase could improve profitability. autumn-weaned angus crossbred steers were allocated by breeding and weight to four forage systems that began in mid-november and continued through mid-october as follows: system 1, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l ... | 2000 | 10907841 |
| urinary excretion of bowman-birk inhibitor in humans after soy consumption as determined by a monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay. | the bowman-birk inhibitor (bbi) found in soybeans is a serine protease inhibitor with anticarcinogenic activity. in the present study, an elisa for bbi was developed with the use of a monoclonal antibody against a reduced form of bbi. this newly developed elisa method was used to measure the urinary levels of bbi metabolites in nine human subjects after consumption of 36-oz or 60-oz soymilk (containing 105 or 175 mg of bbi) at two time points 36 h apart. the results demonstrate that urinary bbi ... | 2000 | 10919746 |
| inoculation and nitrate alter phytohormone levels in soybean roots: differences between a supernodulating mutant and the wild type. | the levels of different cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and abscisic acid (aba) in roots of glycine max [l.] merr. cv. bragg and its supernodulating mutant nts382 were compared for the first time. forty-eight hours after inoculation with bradyrhizobium, quantitative and qualitative differences were found in the root's endogenous hormone status between cultivar bragg and the mutant nts382. the six quantified cytokinins, ranking similarly in each genotype, were present at higher concentrati ... | 2000 | 10923709 |
| antitumor effects of soybean hypocotyls and soybeans on the mammary tumor induction by n-methyl-n-nitrosourea in f344 rats. | soybeans are reported to have cancer inhibitory effects, probably due to their isoflavones. soybean hypocotyls are embryo buds of soybeans and contain a higher amount of isoflavones and other factors than soybeans themselves. | 2000 | 10928054 |
| enhanced attachment of bradyrhizobium japonicum to soybean through reduced root colonization of internally seedborne microorganisms. | internally seedborne microorganisms are those surviving common surface sterilization procedures. such microbes often colonize the radicle surface of a germinating soybean (glycine max) seed, introducing an undefined parameter into studies on attachment and infection by bradyrhizobium japonicum. bacterial isolates from surface-sterilized soybean seed, cv. williams 82 and cv. maverick, used in our studies, were identified as agrobacterium radiobacter, aeromonas sp., bacillus spp., chryseomonas lut ... | 2000 | 10932352 |
| altered exopolysaccharides of bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants correlate with impaired soybean lectin binding, but not with effective nodule formation. | the exact mechanism(s) of infection and symbiotic development between rhizobia and legumes is not yet known, but changes in rhizobial exopolysaccharides (epss) affect both infection and nodule development of the legume host. early events in the symbiotic process between bradyrhizobium japonicum and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) were studied using two mutants, defective in soybean lectin (sbl) binding, which had been generated from b. japonicum 2143 (usda 3i-1b-143 derivative) by tn5 mutagenes ... | 2000 | 10945216 |
| intercodon dinucleotides affect codon choice in plant genes. | in this work, 710 cdss corresponding to over 290 000 codons equally distributed between brassica napus, arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, glycine max, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were considered. for each amino acid, synonymous codon choice was determined in the presence of a, g, c or t as the initial nucleotide of the subsequent triplet; data were statistically analysed under the hypothesis of an independent assort ... | 2000 | 10954603 |
| effect of spores of saprophytic fungi on phytoalexin accumulation in seeds of frog-eye leaf spot and stem canker-resistant and -susceptible soybean (glycine max l.) cultivars. | two saprophytic fungi (mucor ramosissimus and rhizopus sp.) were tested for their ability to induce phytoalexin production by seeds of frog-eye leaf spot and stem canker-resistant and -susceptible soybean (glycine max l.) cultivars. only m. ramosissimus was shown to elicit a response and qualitative differences in phytoalexin accumulation were found between the susceptible and resistant cultivars. glyceollins i, ii, and iii and glycinol were isolated from the susceptible cultivar, whereas glyceo ... | 2000 | 10956166 |
| suppressive effects of dietary genistin and daidzin on rat prostate carcinogenesis. | high intake of phytoestrogens through soybeans and their products is thought to be associated with low incidences of prostate and / or breast cancer in asian countries. possible chemopreventive effects of genistin or daidzin on rat prostate carcinogenesis were therefore investigated. male f344 rats were given 10 biweekly subcutaneous injections of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (dmab) and then either genistin or daidzin in the diet at a concentration of 0.1% for 40 weeks. other groups of rats giv ... | 2000 | 10965018 |
| sinorhizobium fredii usda257, a cultivar-specific soybean symbiont, carries two copies of y4ya and y4yb, two open reading frames that are located in a region that encodes the type iii protein secretion system. | sinorhizobium fredii usda257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on primitive soybean (glycine max) cultivar peking but fails to nodulate the improved cultivar mccall. cultivar specificity is governed by a plasmid-borne locus, nolxbtuv. by dna sequence analysis, we have identified two open reading frames, y4ya and y4yb, immediately downstream of nolx. northern (rna) blot analysis indicated that the expression of both y4ya and y4yb is inducible by isoflavonoids, and an intact copy of nolx is required. ... | 2000 | 10975657 |
| production of fatty acid components of meadowfoam oil in somatic soybean embryos. | the seed oil of meadowfoam (limnanthes alba) and other limnanthes spp. is enriched in the unusual fatty acid delta(5)-eicosenoic acid (20:1delta(5)). this fatty acid has physical and chemical properties that make the seed oil of these plants useful for a number of industrial applications. an expressed sequence tag approach was used to identify cdnas for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 20:1delta(5)). by random sequencing of a library prepared from developing limnanthes douglasii seeds, a ... | 2000 | 10982439 |
| antioxidant properties of aroma compounds isolated from soybeans and mung beans. | aroma compounds contained in the extracts of soybean and mung bean that possess antioxidant activity were identified by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the major aroma constituents of soybeans were 1-octen-3-ol (13.699 ppm), maltol (1.662 ppm), phenylethyl alcohol (1.474 ppm), hexanol (1.430 ppm), and gamma-butyrolactone (1.370 ppm). the major aroma constituents of mung beans were hexanol (3.234 ppm), benzyl alcohol (2.060 ppm), gamma-butyrolactone (1.85 ... | 2000 | 10995351 |
| phenoxyacetic acid residue incorporation in cell walls of soybean (glycine max.). | the metabolism of [(14)c] phenoxyacetic acid (poa) and the formation of bound residues were studied in soybean leaves and stems. poa was metabolized to 4-ho-poa and to 4-ho-poa glucoside, and a significant fraction of the radioactivity was incorporated in the cell walls (cw). an extraction procedure of cw polymers was developed to specifically isolate the radioactivity associated with each of them. in leaves, the radioactivity showed a preferential distribution into the hemicelluloses and lignin ... | 2000 | 10995368 |
| dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine protects human low density lipoproteins against oxidation. | ldl oxidation may promote atherosclerosis. we found that polyenyphosphatidylcholine (ppc), a mixture of polyunsaturated phospholipids extracted from soybeans, has antioxidant effects in in vivo models of oxidative stress. to assess whether components of ppc affect the in vitro oxidizability of ldl, plasma from 15 healthy volunteers was incubated with 10 microm of either dilinoleoyl-, palmitoyl-linoleoyl-, linoleoyl-palmitoyl- or distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine as well as 10 microm and 1 mm alpha- ... | 2000 | 10996343 |
| effects of fat source and copper on unsaturation of blood and milk triacylglycerol fatty acids in holstein and jersey cows. | fatty acid composition of plasma triacylglycerides and milk fat was analyzed from holstein and jersey cows with control or depleted copper status and fed roasted whole soybeans or tallow. conjugated linoleic acid in plasma was higher in jersey cows. dietary fat source influenced the proportions of all fatty acids in plasma and in milk, except for conjugated linoleic acid in milk. feeding soybeans increased plasma c14:1, c18:0, c18:2, and conjugated linoleic acid, and decreased c14:0, c16:0, c16: ... | 2000 | 11003244 |
| milk fat composition of holstein and jersey cows with control or depleted copper status and fed whole soybeans or tallow. | we studied effects of breed, dietary fat source, and dietary copper intake as factors known to influence unsaturation of milk fat and its potential for development of spontaneous oxidized flavor in milk. twelve holstein and 12 jersey cows were allotted to three blocks with four cows of each breed. cows within breed were allotted randomly within blocks and fed control or copper-depleting diets for 2 mo to achieve stable or depleted liver copper stores. cows then were fed tallow or roasted whole s ... | 2000 | 11003245 |
| prevention of spontaneous prostate-related cancer in lobund-wistar rats by a soy protein isolate/isoflavone diet. | epidemiological surveys recorded that men in the orient (japan and china) consuming diets high in soy food were at low risk of developing clinical prostate cancer, compared to a relatively high risk among men in the west who consumed diets low in soy food. soybeans contain phytoestrogens (isoflavones) with many recorded anticancer mechanisms. the lobund-wistar (l-w) rat is a unique model system: approximately 30% develop metastasizing adenocarcinomas spontaneously in the anterior prostate-semina ... | 2000 | 11027408 |
| flavonoid 6-hydroxylase from soybean (glycine max l.), a novel plant p-450 monooxygenase. | cytochrome p-450-dependent hydroxylases are typical enzymes for the modification of basic flavonoid skeletons. we show in this study that cyp71d9 cdna, previously isolated from elicitor-induced soybean (glycine max l.) cells, codes for a protein with a novel hydroxylase activity. when heterologously expressed in yeast, this protein bound various flavonoids with high affinity (1.6 to 52 microm) and showed typical type i absorption spectra. these flavonoids were hydroxylated at position 6 of both ... | 2001 | 11027686 |
| rac-related gtp-binding protein in elicitor-induced reactive oxygen generation by suspension-cultured soybean cells. | plant cells produce reactive oxygen species (ros) in response to many stimuli. however, the mechanism of ros biosynthesis remains unclear. we have explored the hypothesis that the superoxide burst in plants mechanistically resembles the oxidative burst in neutrophils. first we have confirmed that ros production, which occurs in suspension-cultured soybean (glycine max) cells in response to hypo-osmotic shock, is inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of the flavin-dependent oxidase of n ... | 2000 | 11027721 |
| nod factors and chitooligomers elicit an increase in cytosolic calcium in aequorin-expressing soybean cells. | rhizobial nod factors (nfs) function as nodulation signals that trigger symbiotic responses of leguminous host plants. nfs consist of a chitin oligomer backbone carrying a fatty acid at the non-reducing end. depending on the rhizobial strain, nfs carry additional substituents, which may determine host specificity. transgenic suspension-cultured soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cells expressing aequorin have been used to record cytosolic [ca(2+)] changes upon treatment with purified nfs and chiti ... | 2000 | 11027722 |
| reaction of various lectins to mucin derived from the different layers of rat gastric mucosa: comparison of enzyme-linked lectin binding assay with lectin histochemistry. | the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the histochemical staining reactivities of lectins in rat stomach actually represent the gastric mucins, and to estimate the utility of the lectins for mucin histochemistry. in this paper, the lectin histochemistry was compared with an enzyme-linked lectin binding assay (ella) of the mucins derived from distinct regions and layers of the sprague-dawley rat stomach and it was examined to determine the definite binding and problematic binding of th ... | 2000 | 11041246 |
| a second t-region of the soybean-supervirulent chrysopine-type ti plasmid ptichry5, and construction of a fully disarmed vir helper plasmid. | agrobacterium tumefaciens chry5, which is particularly virulent on soybeans, induces tumors that produce a family of amadori-type opines that includes deoxyfructosyl glutamine (dfg) and its lactone, chrysopine (chy). cosmid clones mapping to the right of the known oncogenic t-region of ptichry5 conferred amadori opine production on tumors induced by the nopaline strain c58. sequence analysis of dna held in common among these cosmids identified two 25-bp, direct repeats flanking an 8.5-kb segment ... | 2000 | 11043469 |
| [enzymatic modification of the functional, nutritional and sensorial properties of soybeans for special feeding]. | production of new protein-based products for special nutrition such as hypoallergenic infant formulas, fortified beverages and nutraceutics, require ideal ingredients. protein ingredients were developed by enzymatic hydrolysis and methionine synthesis of soy protein. hydrolysis was done at 4% (w/v) using porcine pancreatic enzymes (4% w/w), 50 degrees c, 6 h and ph 8. after drying powder was resuspended (20% w/v) and incubated with 7.6% (w/w) methionine methyl-ester, 1% (w/w) chymotrypsin and 3 ... | 2000 | 11048568 |
| [chemical composition and mineral content of legumes and cereals produced in northwestern argentina]. | different varieties of bean (phaseolus vulgaris), corn (zea mayz), lentil (lens sp), soya (glycine max) and wheat (tricticum sp) were analyzed in order to obtaining data of chemical composition and content of minerals to contribute to the international food data system infoods in the elaboration of regional food composition tables and to evaluate the quality of grains. the selected varieties were the ones produced in the northwestern region of argentina. the beans were divided in five groups, ac ... | 2000 | 11048594 |
| determination of antioxidant properties of aroma extracts from various beans. | aroma extracts from fresh soybeans, mung beans, kidney beans, and azuki beans were prepared using simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction (sde) under mild conditions (55 degrees c and 95 mmhg). extracts were examined for antioxidative activities in two different assays. the aroma extracts isolated from all beans inhibited the oxidation of hexanal for nearly one month at a level of 250 microl/ml. mung bean and soybean extracts inhibited malonaldehyde (ma) formation from cod-liver o ... | 2000 | 11052738 |
| genetic characterization of soybean rhizobia in paraguay. | the soybean is an exotic plant introduced in paraguay in this century; commercial cropping expanded after the 1970s. inoculation is practiced in just 15 to 20% of the cropping areas, but root nodulation occurs in most sites where soybeans grow. little is known about rhizobial diversity in south america, and no study has been performed in paraguay until this time. therefore, in this study, the molecular characterization of 78 rhizobial isolates from soybean root nodules, collected under field con ... | 2000 | 11055970 |
| soy isoflavones: are they useful in menopause? | in october 1999, the us food and drug administration authorized the use on food labels of health claims associated with soy protein and the reduced risk of coronary heart disease. several studies have indicated that a total daily intake of 25 g of soy protein paired with a low-fat diet resulted in clinically important reductions of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol levels. soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens found predominantly in le ... | 2000 | 11075748 |
| the trypsin inhibitor content of 61 wild edible plant foods of niger. | in the western sahel and many other regions of sub-saharan africa, wild edible plants contribute significantly to human diets, not only during periods when cereal staples are scarce, but also when they are readily available. although there have been published reports regarding the nutrient contents of these plant foods, little attention has been devoted to their content of antinutrients such as calcium chelators and inhibitors of the pancreas-derived proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, which ar ... | 2000 | 11086876 |
| determination of spinosad and its metabolites in food and environmental matrices. 3. immunoassay methods. | spinosad is an insect control agent that is derived from a naturally occurring soil bacterium and is effective on several classes of insects, especially lepidopteran larvae. spinosad is registered in many countries for use on a variety of crops, including cotton, corn, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables. residue methods utilizing a magnetic particle-based immunoassay (ia) test kit have been developed and validated for determining spinosad in environmental and food matrices. these methods involve a ... | 2000 | 11087450 |
| homologous and heterologous desensitization and synergy in pathways leading to the soybean oxidative burst. | because the h2o2 and o2- generated during a pathogen-triggered oxidative burst could either protect or destroy a besieged plant cell, their synthesis might be expected to be tightly regulated. we have examined the nature of this regulation as it is communicated between homologous and heterologous oxidative-burst pathways, using both chemical (oligogalacturonic acid, harpin, fensulfothion) and mechanical (osmotic stress) stimuli to induce the burst. we report here that the above three chemical el ... | 2000 | 11089688 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycopolypeptides carrying alpha-neu5ac-(2-->3)-beta-d-gal-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galnac, beta-d-gal-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galnac, and related compounds and analysis of their specific interactions with lectins. | glycopolypeptide (1) carrying the beta-d-gal-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galnac unit as a kind model of asialo-type mucin was synthesized through three steps: enzymatic synthesis of p-nitrophenyl disaccharide glycoside, reduction of the p-nitrophenyl group, and coupling of the amino group with the carboxyl group of poly(l-glutamic acid)s (pga). in a similar manner, glycopolypeptides (2-7) carrying beta-d-gal-(1-->3)-beta-d-galnac, beta-d-gal-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcnac, beta-d-gal-(1-->6)-alpha-d-galnac, beta-d-g ... | 2000 | 11097173 |