| california proposition 215 and arizona health proposition 200 challenged. | | 1997 | 9150672 |
| parvovirus b19-antibody serosurvey in 500 developmentally disabled subjects. | sera of 500 residents were screened for parvovirus b19 immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. positive igm and equivocal igg or igm results were confirmed by immunofluorescent antibody and western blot. igm was detected in 13 sera (2.6%), and igg was detected in 285 (57%). records of igm-positive residents contained no evidence of erythema infectiosum or polyarthropathy. | 1997 | 9154477 |
| experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to humans in rural housing. | an experimental assessment of methods to reduce rodent infestations in rural housing was conducted in yosemite national park, california, sequoia/kings canyon national parks, california, and shenandoah national park, virginia. during pretreatment surveys, nearly all (63 of 68) selected units had past or ongoing rodent activity inside. active infestations were found in 58.8% of the units. peromyscus spp. represented 91.2% of all animals caught inside housing units. despite little harborage, roden ... | 1997 | 9158040 |
| a risk profile of street youth in northern california: implications for gender-specific human immunodeficiency virus prevention. | to assess human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors of street youth and to determine whether risk behaviors differ by gender or housing status. | 1997 | 9168381 |
| chinaberry poisoning in two dogs. | two young dogs became acutely ill following ingestion of fallen fruit from a chinaberry tree (melia azedarach). clinical signs of poisoning developed within hours and were characteristic of gastrointestinal and cns disturbances. despite prompt and aggressive emergency treatment, neither dog survived longer than 36 hours after the onset of clinical signs of poisoning. necropsy of 1 dog revealed severe renal congestion, moderate hepatic congestion, and a moderate amount of serosanguineous fluid in ... | 1997 | 9170094 |
| outbreaks of cyclosporiasis--united states, 1997. | in april and may 1997, cdc received reports of seven event-associated clusters of cases of cyclosporiasis from five states (california, florida, nevada, new york, and texas). approximately 80 cases of infection with human-associated cyclospora, a recently characterized coccidian parasite have been laboratory-confirmed. state and local health departments, cdc, and the food and drug administration are conducting investigations to identify the vehicles of infection. | 1997 | 9182207 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of hantavirus infection among wild rodents in california. | a total of 4,626 mammals were serologically tested for antibodies to sin nombre virus. all nonrodent species were antibody negative. among wild rodents, antibody prevalence was 8.5% in murids, 1.4% in heteromyids, and < 0.1% in sciurids. of 1,921 peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice), 226 (11.8%) were antibody positive, including one collected in 1975. the highest antibody prevalence (71.4% of 35) was found among p. maniculatus on santa cruz island, off the southern california coast. prevalence of ... | 1997 | 9204301 |
| an overview of plague in the united states and a report of investigations of two human cases in kern county, california, 1995. | plague was confirmed in the united states from nine western states during 1995. evidence of yersinia pestis infection was identified in 28 species of wild or domestic mammals. thirteen of the plague positive species were wild rodents; 15 were predators/carnivores. yersinia pestis was isolated from eight species of fleas. seven confirmed cases of human plague were reported in 1995 (new mexico 3; california 2; arizona and oregon 1 each). five of the seven cases were bubonic; one was septicemic and ... | 1997 | 9221742 |
| ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup rickettsiae in ixodid ticks from california collected in 1995 and 1996. | a total of 1,246 ixodid ticks collected in 1995 and 1996 from seven california counties were examined for the presence of ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup rickettsiae by using a nested pcr technique. of 1,112 adult ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls ticks tested, nine pools, each containing five ticks, were positive (minimum percentage of ticks harboring detectable ehrlichiae, 0.8%). positive ticks were limited to four of the seven counties (sonoma, el dorado, santa cruz, and orange). in santa ... | 1997 | 9230373 |
| temporal trends and factors associated with survival after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in california, 1983-1992. | the authors investigated quarterly trends in survival after the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for 19,607 patients in california in the decade from january 1, 1983, through december 31, 1992. subjects included all cases for whom p. carinii pneumonia was the initial (and only) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining diagnosis as reported to the california human immunodeficiency virus/aids surveillance registry. there was a period of rapidly improving survival from approxim ... | 1997 | 9230773 |
| maternal proximity and infant co2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for sids research. | sudden infant death syndrome (sids) is the leading cause of human infant mortality after the neonatal period in western countries. recently, child care practices have been shown to be important in determining infant vulnerability to sids. however, very little is known about the impact of parent-infant cosleeping on infant sleep physiology and behavior and sids risk. this reflects the failure of western societal research paradigms to appreciate the human infant's evolutionary history of cosleepin ... | 1997 | 9261495 |
| proceedings of the national cooperative growth study 10th annual investigators meeting. san francisco, california, october 17-20, 1996. dedicated to the memory of dr. michael j. cronin. | | 1997 | 9280780 |
| flea-borne rickettsioses: ecologic considerations. | ecologic and economic factors, as well as changes in human behavior, have resulted in the emergence of new and the reemergence of existing but forgotten infectious diseases during the past 20 years. flea-borne disease organisms (e.g., yersinia pestis, rickettsia typhi, r. felis, and bartonella henselae) are widely distributed throughout the world in endemic-disease foci, where components of the enzootic cycle are present. however, flea-borne diseases could reemerge in epidemic form because of ch ... | 1997 | 9284376 |
| mouse and baby chicken virulence of enzootic strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from california. | eight enzootic strains of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus isolated from culex tarsalis or aedes melanimon collected in several geographic areas of california were evaluated for their virulence in suckling mice, adult mice, and one-day-old baby chickens. the epidemic fleming strain and the cloned b628(cl 15) variant were used as virulent and avirulent control viruses, respectively, in adult mice. enzootic strains of wee virus were grouped into three phenotypes on the basis of their n ... | 1997 | 9288823 |
| the mediterranean diet: a view from history. | although the virtues of the mediterranean diet have been advocated since the renaissance, adoption of the diet outside the mediterranean region has proved difficult but not impossible. efforts at promoting dietary change have been explored in the writings of europeans and americans since 1614 when giacomo castelvetro, an exile from modena, italy, published a book in england on italian fruit, herbs, and vegetables. the historical causes of resistance by groups and individuals-culture, class, sex, ... | 1997 | 9322586 |
| sexual risk behavior and risk factors for hiv-1 seroconversion in homosexual men participating in the tricontinental seroconverter study, 1982-1994. | trends in sexual behavior associated with incident infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 are described and a case-control study was conducted to examine risk factors for hiv seroconversion in homosexual men who became infected with hiv between 1982 and 1994 from four geographic sites: amsterdam, the netherlands; san francisco, california; vancouver, canada; and sydney, australia. changes in sexual behaviors were evaluated from cohort visits in the preseroconversion, seroconver ... | 1997 | 9326430 |
| assessment of quality of life in early stage hiv-infected persons: data from the aids time-oriented health outcome study (athos). | the development of new pharmaceutical interventions for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has resulted in extended survival and a need for valid, reliable and responsive instruments to assess health-related qol (hrqol). this paper reviews the reliability and validity of an hrqol instrument, the aids health assessment questionnaire (aids-haq), among persons participating in an observational database of hiv infection. the aids-haq includes nine subscales: disability, energy ... | 1997 | 9330550 |
| the quality of well-being scale in asymptomatic hiv-infected patients. hnrc group. hiv neural behavioral research center. | we review applications of the quality of well-being (qwb) scale for use in studies of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. the qwb scale is a preference-weighted decision theory-based measure that summarizes outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (qalys). in order to validate the qwb scale for hiv-infected patients, the measure was administered in the university of california, san diego (ucsd) hiv neural behavioral research center (hnrc). data are presented for a cohor ... | 1997 | 9330551 |
| genetic similarity among mycobacterium avium isolates from blood, stool, and sputum of persons with aids. | large-restriction-fragment pattern comparison of mycobacterium avium from 85 blood, stool, and respiratory specimens from 25 human immunodeficiency virus-infected san francisco patients revealed 4 strains that infected multiple people (3 groups of 2 patients and 1 group of 3 patients). most patients harbored a single m. avium strain, but 2 strains were recovered from 8 patients. the significance of recovering 2 strains is not clear, since the second strain was seldom recovered more than once. th ... | 1997 | 9333156 |
| chromosome 19 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with multiple sclerosis. evidence of a new susceptibility locus in caucasian and chinese patients. | susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (ms) involves a genetically complex autoimmune component. however, except for genes in the hla system, specific susceptibility loci are unknown or unconfirmed. | 1997 | 9333267 |
| role of viral load in heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by blood transfusion recipients. transfusion safety study group. | eighteen transfusion recipients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were followed prospectively with their 19 long-term sexual partners from 1986 to 1993 in california, florida, and new york. follow-up included clinical, behavioral, immunologic, serologic, and virologic evaluations. two partners were already infected when seen 18 and 34 months after sexual contact began following the infectious transfusion. four of 17 initially seronegative partners seroconverted during 23 ... | 1997 | 9345119 |
| spatial analysis of the distribution of lacrosse encephalitis in illinois, using a geographic information system and local and global spatial statistics. | the spatial and temporal distribution of lacrosse encephalitis cases in illinois was analyzed using a geographic information system (gis) and spatial statistics. case data were obtained from the illinois department of public health and mapped on the county, town, and address level. human cases were concentrated in and around the city of peoria in central illinois. local spatial statistics were used to identify hot spots where cases appear to be concentrated in the peoria region. several small to ... | 1997 | 9347966 |
| sleepiness and human behavior. | the 24-hour properties of sleepiness affect behavior by reducing performance and increasing the likelihood of accidents. this is important to pulmonary physicians who diagnose and treat sleep apnea, because diagnoses of sleep apnea and narcolepsy are associated with as much as a sevenfold increase in the risk of having a motor vehicle accident. human abilities throughout the 24-hour day have noticeable ups and downs and are probably causally linked to the same control mechanisms that produce the ... | 1996 | 9363190 |
| contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations. a population-based study. | to estimate the contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations by use of population-based data. | 1997 | 9369870 |
| projecting corporate health plan utilization and charges from annual icd-9-cm diagnostic rates: a value-added opportunity for pathologists. | to develop an allocation method for corporate health plan resources and expenditures based on annual international classification of disease, 9th revision, clinical modification (icd-9-cm) diagnostic rate stratification as a surrogate for disease incidence. | 1997 | 9372747 |
| are htlv-ii-seropositive injection drug users at increased risk of bacterial pneumonia, abscess, and lymphadenopathy? | disease associations of htlv-ii are poorly defined, despite a high seroprevalence among injection drug users (idu). one hundred twenty-four htlv-ii-seropositive emergency room and clinic patients were matched by age, sex, and clinic to 120 htlv-i/ii-seronegative patients. medical records were reviewed blinded to htlv-ii status, and international classification of disease 9th clinical modification (icd-9cm)-coded diagnoses were compared between seropositive patients and controls. after adjustment ... | 1997 | 9390568 |
| prevalence of antibodies to western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viruses in residents of california exposed to sporadic and consistent enzootic transmission. | sera from outpatients attending county health department clinics in areas of california with consistent (imperial valley) and sporadic (sacramento valley) enzootic transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses exhibited neutralizing antibody prevalence rates of 1.3% (n = 690) and 0.5% (n = 1,066) for wee and 11.0% and 0.8% for sle, respectively. seroprevalence for sle virus in imperial county increased as a function of both age and years of resid ... | 1997 | 9392590 |
| virtual reality: teaching tool of the twenty-first century? | virtual reality (vr) is gaining recognition for its enormous educational potential. while not yet in the mainstream of academic medical training, many prototype and first-generation vr applications are emerging, with target audiences ranging from first- and second-year medical students to residents in advanced clinical training. visualization tools that take advantage of vr technologies are being designed to provide engaging and intuitive environments for learning visually and spatially complex ... | 1997 | 9435714 |
| go-ahead given for trials of hiv vaccine in human volunteers. | | 1998 | 9440678 |
| doctoring: university of california, los angeles. | the doctoring curriculum at the university of california, los angeles, ucla school of medicine covers all four years of medical school. its goal is to train physicians to give care that is compassionate, humanistic, high-quality, and evidence-based through a longitudinal, interdisciplinary curriculum with integration of learning experiences within and between years and with more emphasis on certain topics that had been previously neglected (e.g., advanced physical diagnosis, nutrition, public he ... | 1998 | 9447199 |
| dibromochloropropane: epidemiological findings and current questions. | dibromochloropropane, dbcp, has had a seminal role in our current understanding of how to prevent chemical risks to health. early toxicological studies showed its special impact on the testes, and detection of its mutagenic potency was soon followed by demonstration of its carcinogenicity to animals. its commercial use as a useful nematocide ignored, at first, these warnings from the laboratory. when production workers, first in california and then in israel, found they were sterile as a result ... | 1997 | 9472348 |
| clonal distribution of the three alleles of the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene papg among escherichia coli strains from patients with bacteremia. | the three alleles of papg, the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene of escherichia coli p fimbriae, were detected in 101 (54%) of 187 e. coli bacteremia isolates from boston, long beach, california, and nairobi, kenya, by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, and their distribution was compared with clonal structure and other bacterial and host characteristics. allele ii predominated overall (57% of papg+ strains, vs. 32% for iii and 2% for i). allele distribution differed significantly bet ... | 1998 | 9498444 |
| association of methamphetamine use during sex with risky sexual behaviors and hiv infection among non-injection drug users. | morbidity, mortality, and drug treatment data suggest that methamphetamine use is on the rise. based on research findings of the sexual behaviors of methamphetamine-using injection drug users, we chose to examine the relationship between methamphetamine use during sex and risky sexual behaviors and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity among clients of publicly funded hiv testing sites in california who reported never injecting drugs. we found that among gay, bisexual, and heterosexu ... | 1998 | 9499742 |
| epidemiology and control of egg-associated salmonella enteritidis in the united states of america. | the isolation rate for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) in humans in the united states of america (usa) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). the proportion of reported salmonella isolates which were se increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. in 1990, 1994, and 1995, se was the most commonly reported reported salmonella serotype in the usa. much of this increase ... | 1997 | 9501367 |
| serologic evidence of infection with ehrlichia spp. in wild rodents (muridae: sigmodontinae) in the united states. | rodent (muridae: sigmodontinae) blood and sera collected from 14 states were tested for seroreactivity to a cultured isolate of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. of the 1,240 samples tested, 136 (11%) were found to be reactive at titers of > or = 32. rodents with hge agent-specific antibodies were found in new york (23% of 491 samples; geometric mean endpoint titer [gmt] = 441), connecticut (11% of 100 samples; gmt = 481), california ( ... | 1998 | 9508298 |
| rape among african american women: sexual, psychological, and social correlates predisposing survivors to risk of std/hiv. | the aim of this study was to examine the association of rape of adult african american women and sexual, psychologic, and social factors that predispose them to risks of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this cross-sectional study, conducted between february and december 1993, recruited 165 african american women, 18-29 years of age, from an african american community of low socioeconomic status in san francisco, california. women completed a face-to-fa ... | 1998 | 9511135 |
| wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users. | wound botulism (wb) is a potentially lethal, descending, flaccid, paralysis that results when spores of clostridium botulinum germinate in a wound and elaborate neurotoxin. since 1988, california has experienced a dramatic increase in wb associated with injecting "black tar" heroin (bth), a dark, tarry form of the drug. | 1998 | 9516001 |
| risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection and unprotected anal intercourse among young men who have sex with men. | few studies concerning human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its risk behaviors have been conducted among young men who have sex with men (ymsm). these are important because ymsm will have profound influence on the hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. | 1998 | 9518378 |
| knowledge and attitudes among california dental care providers regarding child abuse and neglect. | the authors surveyed california dentists about their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding child abuse and neglect. only 16 percent of the respondents claimed to have seen or suspected a case of child abuse or neglect during the preceding five years, and only 6 percent claimed to have reported such a case. the authors also found that the respondents had little knowledge of california law regarding the reporting of such cases and little information or training in diagnosing and reporting s ... | 1998 | 9529809 |
| identification and characterization of nucleotide sequence differences in three virulence-associated genes of listeria monocytogenes strains representing clinically important serotypes. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes invasive, often fatal, disease in susceptible hosts. as a foodborne pathogen, the bacterium has emerged as a significant public health problem and has caused several epidemics in the united states and europe. three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) of l. monocytogenes are responsible for nearly 95% of all reported cases of human listeriosis. l. monocytogenes serotype 4b has caused all well-characterized foodborne ... | 1998 | 9541569 |
| high incidence of anal high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions among hiv-positive and hiv-negative homosexual and bisexual men. | the incidence of anal cancer among homosexual men exceeds that of cervical cancer in women, and hiv-positive homosexual men may be at even higher risk than hiv-negative men. cervical cancer is preceded by high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (hsil) and anal hsil may similarly be the precursor to anal cancer. in this study, we describe the incidence of and risk factors for hsil in hiv-positive and hiv-negative homosexual and bisexual men. | 1998 | 9543448 |
| dna sequence similarity between california isolates of cryptosporidium parvum. | we evaluated whether nucleic acid amplification with primers specific for cryptosporidium parvum followed by automated dna sequence analysis of the pcr amplicons could differentiate between california isolates of c. parvum obtained from livestock, humans, and feral pigs. almost complete sequence identity existed among the livestock isolates and between the livestock and human isolates. dna sequences from feral pig isolates differed from those from livestock and humans by 1.0 to 1.2%. the referen ... | 1998 | 9546195 |
| geographic and demographic differences in the frequency of human cytomegalovirus gb genotypes 1-4 in immunocompromised patients. | to test the hypothesis that human cytomegalovirus (cmv) gb genotype may differ with geographic origin or patient demographics, cmv dna was amplified for gb typing from immunocompromised patients in italy and africa and compared with previously reported frequencies in california. increased gb2 frequency occurred in italian homosexual aids patients, as compared with both italian heterosexual injection drug users with aids and heterosexual zimbabwe aids patients. occurrence of gb3 in italy was high ... | 1998 | 9566556 |
| partner influences and gender-related factors associated with noncondom use among young adult african american women. | we examined the partner influences and gender-related correlates of noncondom use among african american women. the prevalence of noncondom use was 45.3%. women whose sexual partners were noncondom users were four times more likely to believe that asking their partner to use a condom implied he was unfaithful, three times as likely to have a partner who resisted using condoms, three times more likely to receive afdc, twice as likely to be sexually nonassertive, three times more likely to believe ... | 1998 | 9574497 |
| risk factors for trichomoniasis among women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection at a public clinic in los angeles county, california: implications for hiv prevention. | persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who subsequently develop an acute sexually transmitted disease have an increased probability of transmitting hiv. therefore, characterizing such persons can help direct prevention efforts to a group who are likely to be continuing sources of hiv transmission. we assessed the incidence and factors associated with trichomoniasis in a cohort of hiv-infected women receiving care at a public clinic in los angeles county, california from 1992 t ... | 1998 | 9574798 |
| a pax3 polymorphism (t315k) in a family exhibiting waardenburg syndrome type 2. | waardenburg syndrome (ws) is an autosomal-dominant disorder phenotypically characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary disturbances. presence of dystopia canthorum is indicative of ws type 1 and results from defects in the pax3 gene, whereas normally located medial canthi is characteristic of type 2 ws (ws2) and is associated with defects in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mift) gene. here a neutral polymorphism is reported in the pax3 gene (t315k) in a family ... | 1998 | 9584079 |
| last chance therapies and managed care. pluralism, fair procedures, and legitimacy. | how can health plans make fair determinations about when "experimental" (and costly) treatments such as high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation should be covered despite lack of clear clinical consensus about their benefits? different models for managing "last chance" therapies evolving in some health plans offer promising examples of how issues of fairness and legitimacy in decision-making can be addressed. | 1998 | 9589291 |
| depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period. | several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. however, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality. | 1998 | 9605786 |
| teenage smoking, attempts to quit, and school performance. | this study examined the relationship between school performance, smoking, and quitting attempts among teenagers. | 1998 | 9618625 |
| outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with eating raw oysters--pacific northwest, 1997. | during july-august 1997, the largest reported outbreak in north america of culture-confirmed vibrio parahaemolyticus infections occurred. illness in 209 persons was associated with eating raw oysters harvested from california, oregon, and washington in the united states and from british columbia (bc) in canada; one person died. this report summarizes the investigations of the outbreak, which suggest that elevated water temperatures may have contributed to increased cases of illness and highlight ... | 1998 | 9639367 |
| methods development for epidemiologic investigations of the health effects of prolonged ozone exposure. part ii. an approach to retrospective estimation of lifetime ozone exposure using a questionnaire and ambient monitoring data (california sites). | an extensive body of data supports a relation between acute exposures to ambient ozone and the occurrence of various acute respiratory symptoms and changes in measures of lung function. in contrast, relatively few data are available on the human health effects that result from long-term exposure to ambient ozone, current efforts to study long-term ozone-related health effects are limited by the methods available for ascertaining lifetime exposures to ozone. the present feasibility study was unde ... | 1998 | 9643947 |
| variations in hiv risk behaviors of incarcerated juveniles during a four-year period: 1989-1992. | to retrospectively monitor over several years change in incarcerated juveniles' human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors. | 1998 | 9648021 |
| experimental transmission of ehrlichia equi to horses through naturally infected ticks (ixodes pacificus) from northern california. | we report the experimental transmission of ehrlichia equi from naturally infected ixodes pacificus ticks to horses. three weeks after exposure to ticks, two of three horses developed clinical signs compatible with e. equi infection, while one horse remained asymptomatic. 16s rrna gene pcr of blood leukocyte lysates was positive for all horses at various time points; two horses seroconverted. the 16s rrna gene sequences amplified from tick-exposed horses showed more than 99% homology to correspon ... | 1998 | 9650983 |
| the reawakening of national concern about silicosis. | from west texas to west virginia, from california to new york, in industries from oil refining to coal mining and work settings from foundries to shipyards, the united states is experiencing an epidemic of silicosis, a preventable disease. silica sand has been linked to cancer, and the international agency for research on cancer has named silica as a probable human carcinogen. this article analyzes the reawakening of national concern about silicosis and the social, economic, and epidemiologic fa ... | 1998 | 9672567 |
| exposure to toxic air contaminants in environmental tobacco smoke: an assessment for california based on personal monitoring data. | the contribution of environmental tobacco smoke (ets) to the exposure of adult nonsmoking californians was determined for selected toxic air contaminants (tacs). the assessment was based on published measurements of ets emission factors and personal exposures to volatile organic compounds. the human exposure studies were conducted in three california areas--los angeles, pittsburgh/antioch, and woodland--between 1984 and 1990. we derived unexposed and passive population exposure distributions by ... | 1998 | 9679213 |
| california man imprisoned after fx drinks injure partygoers. | | 1998 | 9684566 |
| impact of socioeconomic status on survival with aids. | prior studies of the association between socioeconomic status and length of survival among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have produced conflicting results. to investigate this issue further, the authors examined data on 18,167 san francisco, california, residents aged 13 years or older who were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) between january 1, 1985, and december 31, 1995. three validated us census-based measures of socioeconomic status wer ... | 1998 | 9690366 |
| association of an x-chromosome dodecamer insertional variant allele with mental retardation. | mental retardation is a prominent feature of many neurodevelopmental syndromes. in an attempt to identify genetic components of these illnesses, we isolated and sequenced a large number of human genomic cosmid inserts containing large trinucleotide repeats. one of these cosmids, cos-4, maps to the x-chromosome and contains the sequence of a 7.3-kb mrna. initial polymorphism analysis across a region of repetitive dna in this gene revealed a rare 12-bp exonic variation (<< 1% in non-iii males) hav ... | 1998 | 9702738 |
| pesticide tests on humans cause concern. | | 1998 | 9707105 |
| a model for adolescent-targeted hiv/aids services: conclusions from 10 adolescent-targeted projects funded by the special projects of national significance program of the health resources and services administration. | this article describes a model of service for youth living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and youth at high risk for hiv, based on the lessons learned from a set of innovative service projects funded by the health resources and services administration special projects of national significance (spns) program. although each project has a unique focus, all collectively seek to enroll youth with hiv into care through new or existing hiv service netw ... | 1998 | 9712250 |
| health initiatives for youth: a model of youth/adult partnership approach to hiv/aids services. | health initiatives for youth (hify) in san francisco, california, is an innovative organization providing health-related services for and by young people funded in part by the special projects of national significance (spns) program. the hify youth health initiative (yhi) is composed of eight youth staff and aims to bring about individual and systemic change, enhance the quality of life for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and at-risk young people, and increase the responsiveness and ... | 1998 | 9712255 |
| sex hustling, injection drug use, and non-gay identification by men who have sex with men. associations with high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use. | to explore differences in demographic characteristies, risk practices, and preventive behaviors among subgroups of men who have sex with men (msm), including gay- and non-gay-identified msm, msm who inject drugs, and those engaging in sex hustling. | 1998 | 9713915 |
| the role of needle exchange programs in hiv prevention. | injecting drug users (idus) are at high risk for infection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other blood-borne pathogens. in the united states, idus account for nearly one-third of the cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), either directly or indirectly (heterosexual and perinatal cases of aids where the source of infection was an idu). idu also account for a substantial proportion of cases of hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis c (hcv) virus infections. the primary mode of tran ... | 1998 | 9722812 |
| childhood absence epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-hz spike and multispike-slow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. | childhood absence epilepsy (cae), a common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, accounts for 5%-15% of childhood epilepsies. to map the chromosomal locus of persisting cae, we studied the clinical and electroencephalographic traits of 78 members of a five-generation family from bombay, india. the model-free affected-pedigree member method was used during initial screening with chromosome 6p, 8q, and 1p microsatellites, and only individuals with absence seizures and/or electroencephalogram 3- ... | 1998 | 9758624 |
| potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. | potency equivalency factors (pefs) for cancer induction relative to benzo[a]pyrene have been derived for 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and pah derivatives based on a data preference scheme. pefs have been derived only for pahs with demonstrated carcinogenicity in bioassays. cancer potency values and inhalation unit risks are presented for four additional carcinogenic pahs based on expedited risk assessments conducted for california's proposition 65. a much larger number of pahs and ... | 1998 | 9784432 |
| a prospective study of the risk of transfusion-acquired viral infections. | the risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections may be estimated by several methods, but only prospective studies of transfusion recipients can directly measure the incidence, with associated 95% upper confidence bound, of these infections. from 1989 through 1995, 764 recipients of allogeneic or autologous red blood cell transfusions were enrolled; 486 (64%) provided both pretransfusion and 6-month follow-up specimens. both specimens were tested for anti-hbc, anti-hcv, anti-htlv-i and anti- ... | 1998 | 9800288 |
| the prevalence of measles antibody in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern california. | the seroprevalence of measles (rubeola) antibody in 619 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults was determined by a standard elisa. risk factors for a lack of antibody and presumed susceptibility to measles were examined. whereas overall, 9.8% of patients (60) were found to lack antibody, 17.8% of those born within the united states in 1957 or later were antibody-negative. multivariate analysis showed that absence of measles antibody was significantly associated with younger age (born ... | 1998 | 9806055 |
| field evaluation of controlled release pellet formulation of methoprene against chironomid midges in man-made lakes. | the duration of the efficacy of 4% methoprene pellets against emergence of chironomid midges, chironomus stigmaterus say, goeldichironomus amazonicus (fittkau) and tanypus imperialis sublette, in man-made lakes supplied with tertiary effluent water in palm desert, california, was dose dependent. for c. stigmaterus and t. imperialis, the rate of 4.5 kg/ha of the controlled release pellet formulation of 4% methoprene yielded > 90% control for 3 wk and 75% control in the 4th week, the rate of 3.4 k ... | 1998 | 9813830 |
| ehrlichia spp. in cervids from california. | blood samples from six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 15 black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus), and 29 elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were assayed for human monocytic and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dna sequencing, and serology to determine whether or not cervids are involved in the maintenance of these potential human pathogens in california (usa). the deer were sampled in august to october 1992-95. the 29 tule elk from point reyes n ... | 1998 | 9813842 |
| reactivity of human sera to different strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae in immunodiagnostic assays. | sera from 35 patients diagnosed with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut were tested by indirect ifa staining methods with 5 strains of ehrlichia equi or the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent to assess the suitability of different strains in laboratory analyses. antigens included horse-derived infected neutrophils (mrk and bds strains) and human isolates cultured in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (nch-1, rch, and webster). of 35 sera, 23 (65.7%) reacted to all 5 strains. serop ... | 1998 | 9815246 |
| the epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the san francisco bay area, 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance. | population-based active laboratory surveillance for invasive mycotic infections was conducted during 1992 and 1993 in three california counties: alameda, contra costa, and san francisco (population, 2.94 million). the cumulative incidence of invasive mycotic infections was 178.3 per million per year. invasive mycoses were most commonly caused by candida (72.8 per million per year), cryptococcus (65.5), coccidioides (15.3), aspergillus (12.4), and histoplasma (7.1). the clinical significance of o ... | 1998 | 9827260 |
| differences in contributing factors to tuberculosis incidence in u.s. -born and foreign-born persons. | to determine the factors contributing to tuberculosis incidence in the u.s.-born and foreign-born populations in san francisco, california, and to assess the effectiveness of tuberculosis control efforts in these populations, we performed a population-based molecular epidemiologic study using 367 patients with strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis recently introduced into the city. is6110-based and pgrs-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses were performed on m. tuberculo ... | 1998 | 9847270 |
| neutropenia is a risk factor for gram-negative bacillus bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: results of a nested case-control study. | a previous cohort study demonstrated a relation between neutropenia and bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to explore further the relation between neutropenia and bacteremia due to escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, or pseudomonas aeruginosa among hiv-infected patients, controlling for confounding factors, the authors conducted a nested case-control study with matching and risk-set sampling of controls. the cohort includ ... | 1998 | 9867263 |
| detection of bordetella pertussis and respiratory synctial virus in air samples from hospital rooms. | to evaluate the distribution of bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the hospital setting. | 1998 | 9872529 |
| is there really a heterosexual aids epidemic in the united states? findings from a multisite validation study, 1992-1995. mode of transmission validation study group. | the objective of this study was to verify the mode of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among cases who obtained acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) through heterosexual contact and to determine the proportion of cases initially reported with no risk but whose exposure may have been heterosexual. adults aged > or = 13 years with aids, diagnosed from 1992 through 1995 with heterosexual risk or no risk at six us study sites (alabama, california, florida, new jersey, new york ... | 1999 | 9883796 |
| occupational exposures to body fluids among medical students. a seven-year longitudinal study. | medical students may be at high risk for occupational exposures to blood. | 1999 | 9890850 |
| detection of the agents of human ehrlichioses in ixodid ticks from california. | a study was conducted in northern california to estimate the prevalence and distribution in ixodid ticks of the rickettsial agents of human monocytic (hme) and human granulocytic (hge) ehrlichioses. more than 650 ixodid ticks were collected from 17 sites in six california counties over a 15-month period. ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of hme, was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in ixodes pacificus (minimum infection rate [mir] = 13.3%) and dermacentor variabilis ... | 1999 | 9988324 |
| la crosse and other forms of california encephalitis. | the california serogroup viruses are mosquito viruses that cause human infections on five continents. they are maintained and amplified in nature by a wide variety of mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts; they thrive in a remarkably wide variety of microclimates (eg, tropical, coastal temperate marshland, lowland river valleys, alpine valleys and highlands, high boreal deserts, and arctic steppes). in 1993, california serogroup viruses caused 71% of all cases of arboviral illness in the united s ... | 1999 | 10025535 |
| major histocompatibility complex differentiation in sacramento river chinook salmon. | the chinook salmon of the sacramento river, california, have been reduced to a fraction of their former abundance because of human impact and use of the river system. here we examine the genetic variation at a major histocompatibility complex class ii exon in the four sacramento chinook salmon runs. examination of the alleles found in these and other chinook salmon revealed nucleotide patterns consistent with selection for amino acid replacement at the putative antigen-binding sites. we found a ... | 1999 | 10049927 |
| sources of human exposure: overview of water supplies as sources of boron. | boron (b) is widely distributed in surface and groundwaters predominantly as undissociated boric acid, and is found in ocean waters at a mean level of approx 4.6 mg b/l. a recent analysis of us surface waters indicated that the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile b levels were 0.010, 0.076, and 0.387 mg b/l, respectively. the same study found that the 50th and 90th percentile b levels in california drinking waters were 0.10 and 0.40 mg b/l, respectively. the overall mean b concentration in canadian ... | 1998 | 10050911 |
| strategies for managing the merger. helping the staff adjust. | a strong reason why many mergers fail is the corporation's neglect of the human side of the venture; the resulting high turnover of personnel naturally takes its toll on the young conglomerate. while keeping everyone satisfied is obviously not easy (or even possible), there are concrete strategies for leading your staff through the transition. | 1990 | 10107971 |
| costly errors: an encounter with the federal inspectors. | | 1991 | 10109867 |
| "hanlester laboratories": hhs joint venture standards remain unclear. | | 1991 | 10114943 |
| judge's ruling a good signal for calif. nursing homes. | | 1991 | 10115296 |
| hhs inspector general, three hospitals settle charges. | | 1992 | 10115920 |
| avoiding potential pitfalls in mergers and acquisitions. | the single most important factor in determining the success of mergers and acquisitions, write joy glanstein, ph.d., and mary sallis, is the human equation and in particular benefit plans--the focus of this article. | 1992 | 10119005 |
| canine visits booster patient morale. | | 1993 | 10126086 |
| gainsharing programs demand planning, patience, and commitment. | this is the first of a two-part series on gainsharing programs. this article examines the recommendations of two consultants and one senior human resources executive. the second article, which will appear in the march issue, will present case examples of gainsharing programs from sutter health, sacramento, california, and waukeshaw memorial hospital, waukeshaw, wisconsin. | 1992 | 10135796 |
| human resources executives help employees balance professional and family needs. | | 1992 | 10135818 |
| consent and experiments with the dying. | | 1994 | 10136998 |
| madness in fine print. | | 1994 | 10137484 |
| leadership in diversity. | as principal change agents, healthcare leaders are well positioned to integrate diversity into their institutions' organizational structure. thus healthcare leaders must be competent in handling diversity issues. diversity refers to any characteristic that helps shape a person's attitudes, behaviors, perspective, and interpretation of what is "normal." in the healthcare ministry, diversity encompasses the cultural differences that can be found across functions or among organizations when they me ... | 1994 | 10138586 |
| after the shaking stops. catholic healthcare workers should prepare for seismic changes. | in an attempt to cap spiraling costs and remain competitive, both providers and insurers are going through a frenzy of consolidation. experts are predicting these changes: the integrated delivery system (ids) will be the prevailing type of healthcare organization. there will be fewer acute care beds and fewer hospitals. hospitals will be subsidiary to idss. catholic and non-catholic providers will join together to form idss. regional idss will join statewide networks. the catholic healthcare min ... | 1995 | 10139335 |
| providers laud, hhs fights latest hanlester case ruling over definition of kickbacks. | | 1995 | 10141656 |
| edi for the human resource department. | | 1993 | 10145845 |
| analytic results of hiv-1 testing using blind proficiency testing. | the use of blind proficiency testing (pt) to examine analytic performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) antibody testing. a total of 32 hospital, blood bank, public health, and commercial laboratories were included in this study. test sera were introduced as clinical specimens for hiv-1 testing from private practitioners, group practices, clinics, and hospitals in southern california. a total of 26 laboratories were located throughout california, with six laboratories located ... | 1992 | 10147724 |
| physician experience with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or hepatitis b virus testing in san diego county: methods for a census survey. | | 1993 | 10148588 |
| human resource departments and hospital labor strategies. | recently hospitals have increased their use of external labor sources, contracting many traditional functions such as pharmacy and emergency to outside labor providers. use of external labor sources often means that traditional human resource functions such as screening, hiring, and training are performed by the external labor provider, potentially reducing the value of the hr function. using financial and staffing data gathered by the california statewide health planning and development office ... | 1996 | 10154623 |
| the ethical man. | sorting out the painful dilemmas of medicine is an everyday duty for stanford medical school's biomedical ethicist ernle young. | 1992 | 10160842 |
| rising swell of telemedicine legislation. | | 1996 | 10165152 |