| [changes in the fungal spectrum of dermatomycoses]. | the spectrum of aetiologic agents isolated from 3607 patients suspicious for dermatomycosis being in the care of the berlin charité clinics was analysed. identification of dermatophytes and moulds were performed conventionally. for the identification of yeasts biochemical and genetic methods were used. among the dermatophytes in comparison of present with previous incidence rates changes can be observed. opportunistic yeasts are recognized in increasing importance. five fungal species are formin ... | 1995 | 7630368 |
| [mycotic infections in childhood]. | the occurrence of mycotic infections has a rising tendency. epidemiologic studies investigate this problem in adults. the problem is still insufficiently analyzed in children. the study is aimed at gaining information about the occurrence of mycoses evoked by dermatophytes and yeasts in children living in slovakia, namely on the basis of the analysis of results for the mycological laboratory. from 1992 to 1993 6,511 samples which included 556 samples from children were processed on the basis of ... | 1995 | 7633922 |
| [treatment of mycotic skin infections]. | mycotic infections of the skin remain still to represent a therapeutic problem. the development of new antimycotics widens the possibilities of therapy. one of them is oxiconasolnitrate which is a derivate of of imadazole. it is available on our market as myfungar cream. the clinical postregistration study verified the effectivity of this preperation. the examined group was constituted of 30 patients. 24 patients were afflicted with epidermophytia inguinalis, 1 patient with epidermophytia cruris ... | 1995 | 7633927 |
| frequency of trichophyton rubrum in tinea capitis. | trichophyton rubrum has led to unprecedented worldwide suppression of other dermatophytes which had been predominant earlier as a causative agent of superficial dermatomycoses. in tinea capitis on the other hand, several other species of trichophyton or microsporum are dominant depending on the region or continent. tinea capitis caused by t. rubrum is a rare event worldwide. occasional concentrations may be explained by several cases occurring by chance in one family or community. the relative f ... | 1995 | 7637676 |
| trichophyton rubrum as the causative agent of tinea capitis in three children. | tinea capitis, which is caused by trichophyton rubrum, is only rarely described in medical literature. incidence of this disease appears to lie well below 1% in europe. microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton tonsurans are the predominant causative agents discussed here. in april 1993 t. rubrum was isolated from typical pathological changes to the capillitium area in three children from a nigerian family, who had been living in germany for 3 years. all three children reve ... | 1995 | 7637688 |
| fungal cultures on cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings as a dose-finding method for topical antifungals. a placebo-controlled study with 0.25% and 0.50% itraconazole cream. | the antimycotic activities of 0.25% and 0.50% itraconazole cream were compared in the stratum corneum after once-daily applications for 1 week. two groups of 12 healthy volunteers applied either itraconazole or placebo on the inner side of each forearm, in a double-blind design. cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings (csss) were taken on days 8, 11 and 21. conidia or yeasts of selected fungi (trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton metagrophytes, microsporum canis and candida albicans) were deposited o ... | 1995 | 7658304 |
| the proteolytic activity of strains of t. mentagrophytes and t. rubrum isolated from tinea pedis and tinea unguium infections. | to understand the significance of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of dermatophyte infections, we have studied the expression of proteolytic activity in vitro. cultures were extracted after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of growth and the proteolytic activity measured by a peptide release assay using human stratum corneum as a substrate. maximum activity was noted at 3 weeks which corresponded to the dissolution of the stratum corneum particles. isolates of trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichop ... | 1995 | 7666296 |
| open randomized comparison of itraconazole versus terbinafine in onychomycosis. | onychomycoses are among the most frequent nail diseases. the principal agents are dermatophytes. itraconazole and terbinafine are two effective and systemic antimycotics. previous trials have shown, that treatment schedules with effective concentrations for 3 months cause drug deposits in nail plates that persist 6 months after the end of the treatment. | 1995 | 7737776 |
| [universal dermatophytosis (tinea incognito) caused by trichophyton rubrum]. | an 84-year-old male presented with a dermatophyte infection that had spread over nearly the entire body surface. the first signs had developed 48 years before. after treatment with galenic and corticosteroid preparations for diagnoses of "eczema" and "psoriasis", the lesions gradually extended over the body and to the nails. the cutaneous symptoms had worsened in recent year after the patient had started systemic cortisone treatment for bronchial asthma. he also developed diabetes mellitus, papu ... | 1995 | 7759246 |
| antidermatophytic activity of garlic (allium sativum) in vitro. | interest in herbal medicine is enjoying a renaissance at present. garlic (allium sativum) is an intriguing herb with a long history of medicinal use for a variety of diseases including ringworm infections. | 1995 | 7790146 |
| erythema multiforme associated with superficial fungal disease. | an extremely rare case of erythema multiforme associated with dermatophytosis by trichophyton rubrum infection was reported in a 19-year-old woman. she had a reddish plaque resembling annular ringworm on her left arm. treatment with an antifungal cream (clotrimazole) on the infected site cleared the condition in three weeks. spontaneous regression of erythema multiforme in different parts of the body was recognized when the ringworm infection resolved. in recent years, only two cases have been r ... | 1995 | 7796619 |
| plantar trichophyton rubrum infections may cause dermatophytids on the hands. | over a 2-year period, we saw 37 patients with a diagnosis of dermatophytid on the hands based on 1) culture-proven dermatophytosis on one or both feet; 2) symmetrical, secondary vesicular eruptions on the fingers and/or palmar aspects of the hands; and 3) a resolution in both areas of involvement after treatment of the dermatophytosis on the foot. during the study period, 128 patients had culture-proven dermatophytosis of the feet caused by trichophyton rubrum. nine of these (7%) developed derma ... | 1994 | 7817685 |
| podopompholyx due to pemphigus vulgaris and trichophyton rubrum infection. report of an unusual case. | we report the case of a 48-year old man who after a disease-free interval of 7 years developed a relapse of pemphigus vulgaris (pv) presenting as pompholyx of the left foot. the patient was first thought to suffer from a dyshidrosic form of tinea pedis due to trichophyton rubrum. although the concomitant occurrence of a dermatomycosis and pv has been described previously, our case illustrates an unusual and misleading presentation of pv, which may delay the correct diagnosis. | 1994 | 7845420 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of dermatophyte dna with a fungus-specific primer system. | there is significant clinical interest in primers which are specific for fungi and do not hybridize to dna of other eukaryotes or prokaryotes. such primers would allow specific amplification of fungal dna from human tissue samples containing fungi. fungal identification to the species level could follow by direct sequencing or restriction analysis. several previously described primer systems cross-react with dna of plants and animals. we have designed a primer system that amplifies a fragment of ... | 1994 | 7845424 |
| partial purification and characterization of a 235,000m(r) extracellular proteinase from trichophyton rubrum. | an extracellular proteinase has been partially purified from culture filtrates of trichophyton rubrum by ultrafiltration, isoelectric focusing and gel filtration chromatography. the enzyme has a non-reduced molecular weight of 235,000 by substrate sds-page. it has a ph optimum of 8.5 using azocasein and azoalbumin as substrates and a pi of 3.6-3.8. the metalloproteinase inhibitors edta and 1,10-phenanthroline, together with the chymotrypsin inhibitor chymostatin, strongly inhibited its activity. ... | 1994 | 7845425 |
| antidermatophytic activity of allylamine derivatives. | the allylamine derivatives are a new class of synthetic antifungal agents. the antidermatophytic activity of the two main compounds, naftifine and terbinafine were compared in vitro with those of ketoconazole and itraconazole by agar dilution. eighty eight clinical isolates of dematophytes comprising of microsporum canis (50), m. audouinii (5), trichophyton rubrum (6) t. mentagrophytes (5), t. violaceum (12), t. simii (5), t. verrucosum (1), t. soudanense (1), t. erinacie (1) and epidermophyton ... | 1994 | 7868170 |
| antifungal activity of itraconazole and terbinafine in human stratum corneum: a comparative study. | the evaluation of antifungal agents by in vitro and animal experiments cannot predict clinical efficacy with certainty. new models are needed to assess and compare antifungal activity. | 1995 | 7868711 |
| fungal infections in the netherlands. prevailing fungi and pattern of infection. | species of fungi have specific characteristics in geographic distribution, and they have a predilection for certain body areas. | 1995 | 7894094 |
| congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma with trichophyton rubrum infection. | | 1994 | 7896368 |
| human dermatophyte-responsive t-cell lines recognize cross-reactive antigens associated with mannose-rich glycoproteins. | resistance to dermatophyte infections has been shown to be mediated in part by t lymphocytes. the dermatophyte antigens recognized by human t lymphocytes and their degree of cross-reactivity were analyzed. dermatophyte-responsive t-cell lines were generated by in vitro sensitization to crude fungal extracts obtained from trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans, microsporum canis and epidermophyton floccosum. proliferation was measured by incorporation of 3h-thymidine. the human t-cell lines ... | 1994 | 7921653 |
| occupational irritant contact dermatitis and fungal infection in construction workers. | we have examined 6 construction workers who developed chronic skin diseases on their hands over a period of 15 years (1970-1985). 4 developed a trichophyton rubrum infection, and the other 2 an irritant contact dermatitis. all of them carried out jobs which caused traumatization of the skin, due to the presence of ethylene glycol and mineral oils during operation of pneumatic hammers in winter. they also suffered other types of skin trauma during their work. construction workers may be at risk o ... | 1994 | 7924290 |
| dermatophytoses in iran. | a total of 12,150 cases of suspected dermatophytoses in different areas of iran were studied between 1986 and 1991. the age groups most commonly infected were 1-9 and 20-29 years. clinical diagnosis was confirmed in only 9345 cases by laboratory examination. of these positive samples, 1633 cases were found to be positive by direct microscopic observation only, 429 by culture only and 7283 by both techniques. scalp ringworm of children was the most common type of tinea. but according to the rate ... | 1994 | 7935592 |
| dermatophytoses in mexico city. | we analysed 2350 biological samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of superficial mycoses who attended outpatient services over a 7-year period. samples of scales were processed by direct microscopic examination with 15% koh and cultured on sabouraud glucose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. laboratory examination confirmed dermatophytosis in 860 (36.6%) cases, of which 80.9% were caused by trichophyton rubrum. the most frequently observed dermatophytoses were tinea unguium ( ... | 1994 | 7935593 |
| [causal agents of onychomycosis]. | the results obtained with 307 specimens from putatively immunocompetent patients between may 1991 and may 1992 were reviewed, to determine the frequency of isolation of fungal species causing onychomycoses. sixty eight percent of the specimen were positive for microscopic examination and/or cultures. onychomycoses occurred with double frequency in women than in men (table 1), and 77% of cases were diagnosed in patients aged between 30 and 70 years (figure 1). out of 182 patients with positive cu ... | 1994 | 7938504 |
| [exoenzymes of dermatophytes isolated from acute and chronic tinea]. | the presence of five enzymes (deoxyribonuclease, elastase, lipase, caseinase and hemolysin) in 76 strains of dermatophytes 47 of trichophyton rubrum, 10 of t. mentagrophytes, five of t. tonsurans, 10 of microsporum canis and four of epidermophyton floccosum) isolated from 30 cases of acute dermatophytosis and from 46 chronic ones was determined by a qualitative plate assay; in the same way, the presence of these five enzymes with the acute and chronic dermatophytosis was correlated. it was obser ... | 1994 | 7938939 |
| onychomycosis in children. | onychomycosis is the most common nail disease in adults. during recent years an increase in its frequency has been reported in children. | 1994 | 7960349 |
| the efficacy of orally applied terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole in models of experimental trichophytoses. | the antimycotic efficacy of terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole was evaluated in guinea-pig trichophytoses (trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum) by use of the hair root invasion test (hit) and the auricular skin temperature test (stt). in the prophylactic hit model using t. mentagrophytes as the infective agent, statistical evaluation of the ratios of protected/inoculated animals revealed ed50 values of 2.8 mg kg-1 for terbinafine, 10.7 mg kg-1 for itraconazole and 11.6 mg kg- ... | 1994 | 7965488 |
| [fungi causing onychomycoses in the netherlands]. | to obtain information about prevalences of fungi responsible for onychomycosis in the netherlands. | 1994 | 7969633 |
| class-specific antibody in human dermatophytosis reactive with trichophyton rubrum derived antigen. | dermatophyte infections induce a humoral immune response and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect specific antibody classes against antigen derived from trichophyton rubrum. sera from 19 acute patients, 18 chronic patients, and 27 normal controls were evaluated. mean igg titers against dermatophyte antigen were significantly higher in all patients than in controls. mean igm levels were significantly higher in acute patients than in controls. no significant difference was detec ... | 1994 | 7984217 |
| [synthesis and antifungal activity of 1-(2-[(4-substituted-phenyl) methoxy]-2-(substituted-phenyl) ethyl)-1h-azoles]. | twenty nine 1-(2-[(4-substituted-phenyl) methoxy]-2-(substituted-phenyl) ethyl)-1h-azoles were synthesized for searching of more potent and less toxic antimycotic agents. nine of the title compounds are first reported. results of preliminary biological tests showed that most of the title compounds exhibited activity against the common pathogenic fungi such as candida albicans, microsporum bodin, trichophyton gypsum, epidermophyton floccosum, trichophyton violaceum, microsporum ferrugincum, trich ... | 1993 | 8010011 |
| dermatophytes and dermatophytoses in the milan area between 1970 and 1989. | between 1970 and 1989 we examined 13,019 patients with dermatophytoses in the milan area, northern italy. the results obtained during the 1980-89 period were compared with those obtained in the years 1970-79. from the data collected, tinea corporis emerged as the most frequently observed dermatophytosis, followed by tinea pedis and unguium. as far as dermatophytes are concerned, the dermatological pattern is dominated by microsporum canis and trichophyton rubrum. other species, such as epidermop ... | 1993 | 8015563 |
| tinea capitis caused by trichophyton rubrum in a 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 1994 | 8021365 |
| longitudinal melanonychia caused by trichophyton rubrum. histochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases. | two patients had black pigmentation affecting a great toenail that clinically simulated longitudinal melanonychia; trichophyton rubrum with a diffusible black pigment was consistently isolated from the nail lesions. light microscopic examination of nail samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin-safranine showed hyphae containing a brown cytoplasmic pigment. the positive masson-fontana stain suggested that the pigment was related to melanin. both histologic and ultrastructural studies demonstrated i ... | 1994 | 8034794 |
| mold allergy in adana, turkey. | in order to investigate the possible role of molds in respiratory allergy, skin prick tests with the extracts of 19 different fungi were applied to 614 respiratory allergic patients. indoor mold samples of some of these mold sensitive patients are also presented. most of the patients (72.6%) had extrinsic asthma while 27.4% having allergic rhinitis. the diagnosis was based on history, clinical examination and skin prick test which was done according to peppy's method. aspergillus fumigatus was t ... | 1994 | 8059675 |
| chronic dermatophytosis: what is special about trichophyton rubrum? | t. rubrum is especially suited to survive on the skin surface. we have presented data to show how it accomplishes this. we will now combine these data with our own thoughts to speculate about how t. rubrum has adapted to the skin of human beings. we believe the organism uses several different strategies. first, many infected patients cannot elicit a cell-mediated immune response to eliminate the fungus. the reasons for this are not completely clear, but trichophytin skin tests are negative at 48 ... | 1994 | 8060745 |
| ecology and epidemiology of dermatophyte infections. | our knowledge of ecology and epidemiology of dermatophytes and the factors influencing their transmission has helped us understand better the natural history of dermatophytoses. it seems that the anthropophilic agents of scalp infection are being eradicated in developing nations. the exception is trichophyton tonsurans-related tinea capitis in north america. microsporum canis is a prevalent agent of tinea capitis in many regions of the world, and this could be related to close association of hum ... | 1994 | 8077503 |
| tinea pedis pathophysiology and treatment. | fungal infections of the foot can be divided into three major varieties, all of which have differing pathophysiologic aspects with therapeutic implications. interdigital infections involve an ecological interplay between dermatophytes and bacteria. simple scaling types of infection are caused by dermatophyte invasion of the stratum corneum, whereas macerated, erosive infections are caused by selection and overgrowth of bacteria, particularly brevibacterium epidermidis, micrococcus sedantarius, a ... | 1994 | 8077505 |
| dermatophytosis and the immune response. | dermatophytes are eliminated from the skin by a cell-mediated immune reaction. immunity is acquired by active infection. the inflammatory reaction that ensues may increase the proliferatory activity of keratinocytes, causing the fungus to be sloughed from the skin surface. nonspecific mechanisms of defense prevent invasion into the dermis and bloodstream even in the absence of immunity. serum inhibitory factor robs fungi of iron, an essential nutrient. the cell walls of the organism activate com ... | 1994 | 8077506 |
| mycology of nail disorders. | cases of onychomycosis represent up to 30% of diagnosed superficial fungal infections and are caused by three groups of fungi: dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophytic molds. the majority of toenail infections are caused by dermatophytes; trichophyton rubrum is isolated with the greatest frequency. in infections of fingernails, candida species can be isolated as frequently as the dermatophytes. of the molds, scytalidium species can infect both fingernails and toenails, as well as adjacent ski ... | 1994 | 8077512 |
| oral treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris with terbinafine and griseofulvin: a randomized double blind comparative study. | sixty-four patients with clinically and mycologically diagnosed tinea corporis and tinea cruris were randomly allocated to receive either 250 mg of oral terbinafine once daily or 500 mg of griseofulvin once daily for 2 wks. patients in each group were well matched for age, gender, clinical features and type of dermatophytes. clinical and mycological control tests (koh wet mount and culture) were performed before treatment, at the end of treatment and 4 wks after stopping treatment. in the majori ... | 1993 | 8089640 |
| [efficacy and tolerance of terbinafine (lamisil) in a series of 50 cases of dermatophyte onychomycoses]. | terbinafine is an antifungal agent of the allylamine class, which is fungicidal when administered per os. because of its pharmacokinetic properties, terbinafine proved successful in onychomycoses. the purpose of this study was the evaluation of terbinafine efficacy and tolerance in dermatophyte onychomycoses, in a monocenter open study. fifty patients have been treated with 250 mg terbinafine daily. feet were involved in 43 cases, hands and feet in 6 cas, and hand alone in 1 case. trichophyton r ... | 1994 | 8092721 |
| dermatophytes on the feet of hiv-infected patients: frequency, species distribution, localization and antimicrobial susceptibility. | skin scrapings from the toe clefts, soles and nail plates of 138 hiv-infected patients at various stages were examined for the presence of dermatophytes using both microscopy and culture. dermatophytes, in particular trichophyton rubrum, could be grown in 58 cases (42%). although cultures were more often positive in late stages of disease, there was no close correlation with the clinical stage or the t4/t8 ratio. susceptibility to itraconazole, but not to other antimycotics, was correlated with ... | 1993 | 8114807 |
| relapsing severe trichophyton rubrum infections in an immunocompromised host: evidence of onychomycosis as a source of reinfection based on lectin typing. | a 64-year-old patient developed recurrent (about 3-6 times a year) generalized skin lesions due to trichophyton rubrum during long-term steroid treatment of lung fibrosis. additionally, he suffered for years from onychomycosis of all toes. in the past, short-term internal treatment with griseofulvin and ketoconazole resulted in fast clearing of skin symptoms. since 1991 relapses have been treated with itraconazole orally. in 1992 material was collected from diseased nails and toe and other skin ... | 1993 | 8114808 |
| antifungal activities of crude extracts of mitracarpus villosus (rubiaceae). | extracts of mitracarpus villosus leaves and inflorescences were investigated individually for in vitro antifungal activities by agar-diffusion and tube-dilution techniques. ethanolic extracts produced definite antifungal activities against trichophyton rubrum, microsporum gypseum, candida albicans, aspergillus niger and fusarium solani. the aqueous extracts and the glycerol vehicle control did not inhibit any of the fungi tested. the zones of inhibition produced by the ethanol extracts ranged fr ... | 1993 | 8133654 |
| [incidence of various etiologic agents of superficial mycosis]. | in a retrospective review of laboratory records at the department of mycology, national institute of microbiology "dr. carlos g. malbrán", during the period june 1989-july 1991, 1225 putatively immunocompetent cases of superficial mycoses were identified. ninety five percent of these patients were adults and 5% children. among the total cases, dermatomycoses were caused, 67.6% by dermatophytes, 25.9% by yeasts, 5.9% by malassezia furfur. and 0.5% by other fungi, as proven by the isolation of the ... | 1993 | 8140245 |
| plants used in guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 2. evaluation of antifungal activity of seven american plants. | from 52 plants screened for antifungal activity, 26 (50%) were active against dermatophytes. this paper reports further evaluation of seven american plants against four pathogenic fungi (aspergillus flavus, epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum gypseum and trichophyton rubrum), the part showing most activity, the best solvent and, in three cases, the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) against the fungus in pure culture. antifungal activity was confirmed in all of the plants, but not all part ... | 1993 | 8145577 |
| [preliminary experiments on the mode of action of oxalysine on candida albicans and c. parapsilosis]. | oxalysine, [formula: see text] is a novel anti-fungal antibiotic isolated from streptomyces roseoviridofuscus n. sp.. mic values 0.8-3.1 micrograms/ml suggested a good activity of oxalysine against candida parapsilosis when compared to amphotericin-b and 5-fluorocytosine. the mic for trichophyton rubrum and microsporeum gypseum range from 1.56-3.13 micrograms/ml. transportation of radioactivity labelled (3h)-lysine compete with oxalysine was used to characterize lysine permease in candida albica ... | 1993 | 8203133 |
| [prevalence of superficial mycoses in an urban ecosystem in sfax (tunisia)]. | the authors studied the epidemiological aspects and the frequency of the various etiological agents of the superficial mycosis found in the region of sfax, from 1,724 mycologic samples collected during 3 years (1989-1991). the rate of positivity is of 49%. the anthropophile dermatophytic species are often isolated dominated by the trichophyton rubrum and the trichophyton violaceum. the fungus of candida albicans type and malassezia furfur are the most frequently identified. the frequent localisa ... | 1993 | 8219792 |
| antimicrobial activities of crude leaf extracts of acalypha wilkesiana. | water, ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts of acalypha wilkesiana leaves were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activities by agar-diffusion and tube-dilution techniques. the water and ethanol extracts inhibited the growth of standard and local strains of bacteria and fungi including staphylococcus aureus, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, candida albicans and aspergillus flavus. the aqueous extract did not exert any inhibitory action on klebsiella pneumoniae and proteu ... | 1993 | 8258974 |
| immunohistological characterization of the cellular infiltrate in dermatophytosis. | the local cell composition of skin infections caused by trichophyton rubrum (13 cases) and microsporum canis (2 cases) was examined using monoclonal antibodies and the abc immunoperoxidase technique. the number of langerhans cells increased both in the epithelium and in the dermis of the mycotic area. apart from these, only t cells were found in the dermis, among which helper cells were predominant. the helper/suppressor ratio showed variations depending upon the pathogen. | 1993 | 8264718 |
| fungitoxicity of essential oils against dermatophytes. | sixteen essential oils were screened in vitro for their fungitoxicity against the two dermatophytes trichophyton rubrum and microsporum gypseum. five oils (from artemisia nelagrica, caesulia axillaris, chenopodium ambrosioides, cymbopogon citratus and mentha arvensis) showed strong activity and were assessed for their fungitoxicity against eight other dermatophytes as well as against aspergillus fumigatus and cladosporium trichoides. these five essential oils by formulation of ointments were abl ... | 1993 | 8264720 |
| growing incidence of cutaneous and ungual infections by non-dermatophyte fungi at jabalpur (m.p.). | a random survey of skin and nail infections was done at jabalpur (m.p.). out of the 80 suspected cases 60 were culture positive. out of these 25 were of dermatophyte infection followed by 21 cases of phaeohyphomycosis, 7 of aspergillosis, 4 of hyalohyphomycosis, 2 of mixed infection in which a non-dermatophyte was associated with a dermatophyte and 1 had yeast infection. trichophyton rubrum was the only dermatophyte isolated. among the non-dermatophyte infections cases of alternaria chlamydospor ... | 1993 | 8276472 |
| [clinico-mycological study of onychomycosis in elderly patients]. | physical examination of nails was carried out in 210 elderly patients and nail scrapings were obtained from onychomycosis suggested lesions in order to determine their causative agents, incidence and clinical characteristics. diagnostic was confirmed by the isolation of the agents from 74 patients, mainly from toe-nails (incidence 35.2). tinea pedis occurred in 25% of the cases and diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent associated disease and the most frequent clinical characteristics were the ... | 1993 | 8278750 |
| double-blind comparative examination of ketoconazole 1% cream and clotrimazole 2% ointment in superficial dermatomycosis. | comparative examinations were performed with ketoconazole (nizoral) 1% cream and clotrimazole (canesten) 2% ointment in 41 patients suffering from superficial dermatomycosis. twenty-one patients were treated with ketoconazole, twenty patients, with clotrimazole twice daily, for a maximum 4 weeks. the results of the clinical and mycological examinations showed no significant differences when comparing the two groups treated with the different products. trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently ... | 1993 | 8278940 |
| [evaluation of susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungal drugs]. | a serial dilution and a disc method were used for evaluation of susceptibility of 50 dermatophyte strains belonging to the species trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, microsporum canis and epidermophyton floccosum. following drugs were investigated: griseofulvin, pimaricin, clotrimoxazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, biphonazole and naftifin. application of two methods of testing resulted in high convergence of determinations. naftifin was most effective and pimaricin least active. a ... | 1993 | 8309309 |
| epidemiology of tinea pedis in marathon runners: prevalence of occult athlete's foot. | studies on the prevalence of tinea pedis, a frequently encountered dermatophytic infection, have been conducted mostly in swimmers although people who regularly practise other types of physical activities may also have a high rate of clinical or subclinical infection. this investigation was undertaken to establish the rate of infection in marathon runners, and to determine the incidence of occult athlete's foot disease in this population. among samples obtained from 405 individuals, 22% were pos ... | 1993 | 8316260 |
| [enantioselective synthesis and antifungal activity of optically active econazole and miconazole]. | in an effort to investigate the relationship between stereochemistry and antifungal activity of the antimycotic agents, optically active econazole and miconazole were first enantioselectively synthesized. the key step was the enantioselective reduction of 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanone catalyzed by chiral oxazaborolidine. preliminary biological tests showed that (r)-(-)-econazole and (r)-(-)-miconazole were more active than the (s)-isomer and racemates against common pathogenic fungi s ... | 1993 | 8328265 |
| tinea capitis caused by trichophyton rubrum in a 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 1993 | 8335747 |
| in vitro susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungal drugs: a comparison of two methods. | there is an evidence that some fungal strains are resistant to certain antimycotic drugs with resulting therapeutic failures. unlike testing of antibacterial agents, the activity of these drugs against the given fungal strains is not tested routinely. the paper presented is an approach to such a procedure. | 1993 | 8340195 |
| [identification of dermatophytes as possible agents in clinically and microbiologically diagnosed dermatophytosis]. | in this study we have investigated the distribution of dermatophyte species clinically and microbiologically on 110 patients with dermatophytosis. the distribution of the dermatophytes according to the localization sites are: tinea capitis 13 (11.8%), t. corporis 12 (10.9%), t. inguinalis 22 (20%), t. pedis et manum 47 (42.7%), t. unguinum 16 (14.5%). the species of dermatophytes which have been cultured were, trichophyton rubrum 32 (29%), t. mentagrophytes 32 (29%), t. schoenleini 4 (3.6%), t. ... | 1993 | 8361407 |
| papular lesions in an immunocompromised patient. trichophyton rubrum granulomas (majocchi's granuloma). | | 1993 | 8363406 |
| epidemiology of the dermatophytoses in the florence area of italy: 1985-1990. trichophyton mentagrophytes, epidermophyton floccosum and microsporum gypseum infections. | between 1985 and 1990 we observed 2085 cases of dermatophytoses in the florence area of italy. trichophyton rubrum and microsporum canis were the major etiological agents. 126 cases of dermatophytoses observed during this period were caused by trichophyton mentagrophytes. most of the patients came from rural areas or they kept pets. epidermophyton floccosum ranked fourth in frequency (95 cases). the patients were adults and mainly males, most of whom engaged in sports or lived in group environme ... | 1993 | 8413498 |
| suppression of immunity and inflammation by products produced by dermatophytes. | when normal, previously uninfected hosts are exposed to dermatophytes under experimental occlusive conditions, infections develop and cell-mediated immunity is induced. subsequent exposure to dermatophytes under the same conditions elicits an immune response that is capable of curing the infection, once occlusion is removed. lymphocytes or monocytes involved in the immune response may produce cytokine growth factors that foster stratum corneum turnover and shedding of the fungus from the skin su ... | 1993 | 8496406 |
| preliminary studies of the antifungal activities of some medicinal plants against basidiobolus and some other pathogenic fungi. | the antifungal activities of extracts of 10 medicinal plants collected from south-eastern parts of nigeria were tested against seven pathogenic fungi using the broth dilution and agar plate methods. all the extracts at 1:10 dilution inhibited the growth of basidiobolus haptosporus and b. ranarum but did not inhibit that of aspergillus fumigatus, geotrichum candidum and candida albicans. while extracts from piper guineense, ocimum gratissimum, moringa oleifera and erythrophleum suaveolens inhibit ... | 1995 | 8531930 |
| uv susceptibility and negative phototropism of dermatophytes. | high doses of ultraviolet radiation (uvr) have well-known inhibitory effects upon dermatophytes. in the present study, the effect of repetitive low doses of uvr on mycelial growth of dermatophytes was tested. pellets of trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes and microsporum canis were placed between two thin layers of sabouraud glucose agar. obverse, reverse or both sides of these 'sandwich' agars were irradiated for 10 days twice daily with 0.13 or 0.17 j cm-2 uvb. to simulate microaerophilic c ... | 1995 | 8531931 |
| tinea capitis due to trichophyton rubrum in adult women. | | 1995 | 8531939 |
| antifungal pulse therapy for onychomycosis. a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation of monthly cycles of 1-week pulse therapy with itraconazole. | in the treatment of onychomycosis, oral therapies have generally been given as a continuous-dosing regimen. for example, the suggested dose of itraconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis has thus far been 200 mg/d for 3 months. based on the advances in our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole, we investigated the efficacy and nail kinetics of intermittent pulse-dosing therapy with oral itraconazole in patients who were suffering from onychomycosis. fifty patients with confir ... | 1996 | 8546481 |
| influence of serum protein binding on the in vitro activity of anti-fungal agents. | historically it has been assumed that the pharmacological effect is related to the free drug concentration. in exposing candida albicans to itraconazole and ketoconazole serum concentration-time profiles, however, antifungal activity was not diminished despite intense albumin binding. the relevance of serum protein binding was further investigated, by in vitro susceptibility testing of c. albicans (40 clinical isolates) and trichophyton rubrum (ten strains) against antifungal agents using microd ... | 1995 | 8557388 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of polyporaceae against yeasts and dermatophytes. | the antifungal activity of 38 polyporaceae sensu lato against yeasts and dermatophytes was tested in vitro by the agar dilution method. strains were typed organisms and clinical isolates. in this first report, pycnoporellus fulgens (fr.) donk was found to be the most active species against pathological fungi and showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against yeasts (candida albicans, candida glabrata) and dermatophytes (trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, microsporum canis, micr ... | 1995 | 8559195 |
| pulse therapy with one-week itraconazole monthly for three or four months in the treatment of onychomycosis. | in an open study, twenty-eight patients with toenail onychomycosis were treated with monthly cycles of 400 mg itraconazole daily for one week for three (n = 5) or four (n = 23) consecutive months. in this patient sample, a total of seventy-one toenails were affected, with a mean nail-plate involvement of 55 percent (range, 20 to 100 percent). trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated pathogen, followed by t. mentagrophytes. after active therapy, patients were evaluated for a maximum p ... | 1995 | 8565605 |
| isolation of dermatophytes from house dust on a medium containing gentamicin and flucytosine. | dermatophytes are usually isolated from house dust by using actidione-chloramphenicol sabouraud glucose medium (acs medium). we have prepared a new medium, 5fc medium, by adding gentamicin sulphate (gs) and 5-fluorocytosine (5fc) to acs medium to achieve more efficient isolation of dermatophytes from house dust. 5fc medium was more effective in isolating dermatophytes than acs medium or acs medium supplemented with gs alone. trichophyton rubrum could be grown from 13 out of 19 house dust samples ... | 1995 | 8569817 |
| dermatophytes in northern finland in 1982-90. | the epidemiology of human dermatophytes was studied in northern finland in 1982-90. the samples were analysed at the department of medical microbiology, university of oulu. the total number of samples was 17,822, of which 3185 (18%) were positive. the annual number of samples and positive cultures remained relatively constant. trichophyton rubrum was the most common species being isolated from 2101 samples (66% of all positive cultures), while trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated from 815 sa ... | 1995 | 8569818 |
| epidemiology of dermatophytoses observed in rome, italy, between 1985 and 1993. | between 1985 and 1993, 13,880 patients were studied for possible forms of dermatophytoses. the most frequently isolated dermatophyte was in 2821 positive cases microsporum canis (50%), followed by trichophyton rubrum (27%), trichophyton mentagrophytes (10.6%), epidermophyton floccosum (9.3%), microsporum gypseum (2.3%), trichophyton violaceum (0.6%), trichophyton tonsurans (0.2%) and trichophyton verrucosum (< 0.1%). the genera and species isolated were also considered in relation to the site of ... | 1995 | 8569819 |
| organisation of the mitochondrial genome of trichophyton rubrum. dna sequence analysis of the nd4 gene, the atpase subunit-6 gene, the ribosomal rna small-subunit gene, the nd6 gene, the coxiii gene, the atpase subunit-8 gene and six trna genes that correspond respectively to the tyrosine, lysine, glutamine, asparagine, isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors. | we present the nucleotide sequence of a 5207-bp-long region of the mitochondrial genome of the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. this represents about 1/5th of the total genome and extends a previous study. from the 5' end of the present sequence, the order of genes is as follows: the end of the nd4 gene, the gene coding for subunit 6 of atpase, the gene coding for the small ribosomal rna (ssu rrna), the tyrosyl trna gene, the nd6 gene, the coxiii gene, the atpase 8 subunit gene and a cluster of ... | 1995 | 8593686 |
| imbalance of immune responses in patients with chronic and widespread fungal skin infection. | fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophyte fungi. infections can be acute and inflammatory or chronic and non-inflammatory; it is believed that cell-mediated immunity is the cornerstone of host defence and is instrumental in the eradication of the infection. we describe here parameters of the immune response of a group of patients who although not immunocompromised, suffered from widespread and chronic infections. all patients lacked a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) r ... | 1995 | 8593715 |
| autosomal dominant pattern of distal subungual onychomycosis caused by trichophyton rubrum. | | 1996 | 8642100 |
| diagnosing and treating onychomycosis. | onychomycosis is a persistent fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails that is usually not painful but is unsightly and can affect a patient's quality of life by interfering with footwear. it may affect up to 30% of the population by age 60. in more that 99% of cases, it is caused by dermatophytes, the most common of which are trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton mentagrophytes. each of the four clinical types of onychomycosis, as defined by the route of fungal invasion, has a characteris ... | 1996 | 8642370 |
| deep dermatophytosis caused by trichophyton rubrum in a patient with aids. | | 1996 | 8647983 |
| [fungi and yeasts isolated in mycological studies in skin and nail infections in the netherlands, 1992-1993]. | to describe fungi and yeasts isolated from skin and nail infections in the netherlands. | 1996 | 8684495 |
| croconazole in the treatment of tinea pedis. | croconazole hydrochloride is a new antifungal agent of the imidazole type. a 1% croconazole cream (pilzcin, merz + co., d-frankfurt/main) was investigated in a multicentre trial involving 132 patients (mean age 46.7 +/- 15.5 years; 69 men, 63 women) suffering from tinea pedis (interdigital space, n = 86; other foot sites, n = 46). the fungal infections were caused predominantly by trichophyton rubrum (interdigital space, n = 43; other foot sites, n = 33), followed by other trichophyton and candi ... | 1995 | 8720204 |
| purification and characterisation of a novel 34,000-mr cell-associated proteinase from the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. | a novel cell-associated proteinase was purified to homogeneity from cytoplasmic antigen preparations of trichophyton rubrum by sequential isoelectric focusing and gel filtration chromatography. the enzyme exhibited relative molecular masses of 34,000-mr (non-reduced sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page)), 15,000-mr (reduced sds-page) and 37,000-mr (substrate sds-page). it had a ph optimum of 7.5 and a pi of 4.5. the proteinase exhibited broad substrate specificity ... | 1996 | 8731021 |
| penicillium species causing onychomycosis. | onychomycosis caused by mould infection is rare. a 40 year old male patient presented with dystrophic finger nails and multiple, erythematous lesions with slightly raised borders and scaling all over the body. the patient was a known diabetic. he did not respond to griseofulvin. samples from nails and skin scales were cultured. from the nails, penicillium species and from the skin scales. trichophyton rubrum were isolated. ketoconazole therapy (200 mg twice daily x 4 mths) led to complete cure w ... | 1994 | 8737561 |
| use of terbinafine in hiv-positive subjects: pilot studies in onychomycosis and oral candidiasis. | study 1. eighteen hiv-positive caucasian homosexual men with initial positive fungal microscopy were recruited into this prospective, dual-centre, open-label study. they received a once-daily oral dose of 250 mg terbinafine for 12 weeks. eight were subsequently excluded after screening cultures proved negative. the mean cd4 count of the 10 evaluable subjects was 302/mm3. all 10 positive fungal cultures were confirmed as trichophyton rubrum. using an intention-to-treat analysis, healthy unaffecte ... | 1996 | 8763464 |
| fungi responsible for skin mycoses in turin (italy). | there has been a recent increase in the frequency of skin mycoses, coupled with changes in the epidemiology and distribution of the species responsible. periodic epidemiological analyses of these disease are thus required to ensure their efficacious control. hair fragments, skin scrapings, specimens from vesicles and blisters and nail parings were seeded on petri dishes loaded with sabouraud or mycosel agar, supplemented with chloramphenicol and with chloramphenicol plus cycloheximide respective ... | 1996 | 8767009 |
| tinea capitis caused by trichophyton rubrum. | tinea capitis is seldom caused by trichophyton rubrum. a case is reported in a young british child and the literature reviewed. | 1996 | 8776372 |
| chronic dermatophytosis caused by trichophyton rubrum. | we believe that patients are genetically predisposed to trichophyton rubrum infections in a dominant autosomal pattern and that persons with distal subungual onychomycosis caused by t. rubrum invariably have preexisting t. rubrum tinea pedis of the soles. this relationship has many potentially important clinical implications with respect to diagnosis, treatment, and the prevention of reinfection. | 1996 | 8784306 |
| anti-microbial activity and anti-complement activity of extracts obtained from selected hawaiian medicinal plants. | selected plants having a history of use in polynesian traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious disease were investigated for anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity in vitro. extracts from scaevola sericea, psychotria hawaiiensis, pipturus albidus and eugenia malaccensis showed selective anti-viral activity against herpes simplex virus-1 and 2 and vesicular stomatitis virus. aleurites moluccana extracts showed anti-bacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and pseu ... | 1995 | 8786654 |
| human pathogeneic fungi and their close nonpathogenic relatives. | in order to understand the relationships between human pathogenic fungi and their close, nonpathogenic relatives, we compared small-subunit ribosomal dna sequences among four closely related pathogens, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, trichophyton rubrum, and coccidioides immitis, and seven nonpathogenic fungi expected on morphological grounds to be their nearest relatives. we sequenced small-subunit rna genes from these fungi and used both genetic distance and parsimony algorit ... | 1996 | 8812309 |
| different effects of azole-antifungal agents on the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration of trichophyton rubrum. | prior studies have indicated that intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) is involved in fungal cell growth. however, it has not been known whether antifungal drugs affect signal transduction via calcium in fungal cells. in this context, we examined the effects of antifungal drugs, itraconazole, bifonazole and ketoconazole, on [ca2+]i in trichophyton rubrum. itraconazole (1-5 ng/ml) induced a rapid and transient [ca2+]i increase, peaking at 15-20s in hyphal cells of t. rubrum, but not in s ... | 1996 | 8814548 |
| antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from curcuma longa (zingiberaceae). | turmeric oil and curcumin, isolated from curcuma longa l., were studied against fifteen isolates of dermatophytes, four isolates of pathogenic molds and six isolates of yeasts. the inhibitory activity of turmeric oil was tested in trichophyton-induced dermatophytosis in guinea pigs. the results showed that all 15 isolates of dermatophytes could be inhibited by turmeric oil at dilutions of 1:40-1:320. none of the isolates of dermatophytes were inhibited by curcumin. the other four isolates of pat ... | 1995 | 8824742 |
| characterization of squalene epoxidase activity from the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum and its inhibition by terbinafine and other antimycotic agents. | squalene epoxidase (se) is the primary target of the allylamine antimycotic agents terbinafine and naftifine and also of the thiocarbamates. although all of these drugs are employed primarily in dermatological therapy, se from dermatophyte fungi has not been previously investigated. we report here the biochemical characterization of se activity from trichophyton rubrum and the effects of terbinafine and other inhibitors. microsomal se activity from t. rubrum was not dependent on soluble cytoplas ... | 1996 | 8834895 |
| comparative fungicidal activity of a new quaternary ammonium salt, n-alkyl-n-2-hydroxyethyl-n,n-dimethylammonium butyl phosphate and commonly used disinfectants. | we synthesized a new quaternary ammonium salt, n-alkyl-n-2-hydroxyethyl-n, n-dimethylammonium butyl phosphate (abp) that does not precipitate in the presence of anionic surfactants by incorporating a paired butyl phosphate anion into cationic surfactants. abp showed much greater bactericidal activities and antirusting effects than benzalkonium chloride (bac). in this study, the fungicidal effects of abp were evaluated in comparison with common disinfectants [bac, chlorhexidine digluconate (chx) ... | 1996 | 8850330 |
| a u.s. epidemiologic survey of superficial fungal diseases. | large-scale studies performed outside the united states have demonstrated that most cases of onychomycosis and tinea pedis are caused by dermatophytes, primarily trichophyton rubrum. however, other studies have suggested that yeasts and nondermatophytic molds may play a role, particularly in onychomycosis. | 1996 | 8859279 |
| chronic dermatophytosis syndrome due to trichophyton rubrum. | | 1996 | 8876284 |
| trichophyton rubrum infection in a 3-day-old neonate. | | 1996 | 8987059 |
| childhood white superficial onychomycosis caused by trichophyton rubrum: report of seven cases and review of the literature. | although white superficial onychomycosis (wso) is well recognized in adults and considered to be mainly caused by trichophyton mentagrophytes, childhood wso is rare. wso caused by trichophyton rubrum in prepubertal children has never been reported. | 1997 | 8996257 |
| the spectrum of dermatophytes in northern malawi (africa). | between 1.5% and 2.5% of the population in karonga district, northern malawi (africa), were diagnosed as having tinea faciei, corporis, inguinalis or cruris in the course of a total population survey carried out between 1987 and 1989. with regard to the relative frequency distribution of dermatophytes, the main findings were the rarity of trichophyton rubrum (around 1%) and the predominance of microsporum audouinii (57%) in this part of africa. in the genital area epidermophyton floccosum was th ... | 1996 | 9009648 |
| human androgenic steroids affect growth of dermatophytes in vitro. | hormonal effects on fungal growth are of particular interest to medical mycology. in the skin, androgenic steroids metabolized within pilosebaceous units may have direct effects on dermatophytes that invade hair follicles. in this study, 10(-1) to 10(2) mg 1(-1) testosterone, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and androstanedione were used in agar dilution assays to test their effects on thallus diameters of trichophyton rubrum, epidermophyton floccosum, t. tons ... | 1996 | 9009664 |
| dermatophytoses in the gdańsk area, poland: a 12-year survey. | a survey of dermatophytes and dermatophytoses was carried out among patients of the department of dermatology, medical university of gdańsk, in the years 1984-95. over the 12-year period, 1195 cases of ringworm were seen: 55% in men and 45% in women. listing the dermatophytes isolated and their frequencies as a percentage of the total are as follows: trichophyton mentagrophytes 42.1%, microsporum canis 26.0%, trichophyton rubrum 14.7%, epidermophyton floccosum 11.0%, trichophyton tonsurans 4.6%, ... | 1996 | 9009667 |
| [preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of bifonazole in patients with tinea pedis at 10 years after approval. part 1. susceptibility to bifonazole of clinical isolates of dermatophytes]. | an investigation was carried out to determine whether or not here had been any changes in the susceptibility of clinically isolated strains of trichophyton metagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum (both leading causes of tinea) to bifonazole, an imidazole derivative and antifungal for topical use. susceptibility was measured in 107 strains of these fungi isolated from clinical samples during a study on the treatment of tinea pedis with mycospor cream in 1995, 42 strains isolated and stored in 1990, ... | 1996 | 9032595 |