| the influence of high temperature on human cells in culture, their sensitivity to viruses and their interferon-producing capacity. | the influence of extremely high temperatures on the course of virus infection in vitro was studied. it has been shown that exposure of human cells (continuous cell line of embryonal skin-muscle tissue, donor blood leukocytes) to 43 degrees c leads to a significant increase in their sensitivity to cytopathic action of the viruses tested. noteworthy, the reproduction of these viruses under tested conditions did not differ from their reproduction in control cells. a dramatic inhibitory effect of hi ... | 1987 | 2437783 |
| antiviral chemotherapy and prophylaxis of viral respiratory disease. | respiratory viruses continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality. currently available chemotherapy is limited to oral amantadine for uncomplicated influenza a and aerosolized ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. amantadine is also efficacious for chemoprophylaxis of influenza a virus infections. rimantadine has similar clinical efficacy and is better tolerated than amantadine. aerosolized ribavirin may be useful in the treatment of serious respiratory illness cau ... | 1987 | 2446820 |
| enzymological characteristics of avian influenza a virus neuraminidase. | neuraminidases of 18 strains of avian influenza a virus were examined by both colorimetric and fluorometric assays using fetuin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-n-ac-alpha-d-neuraminide as substrates, respectively, to compare them with those of human influenza a and b viruses. the ratios of the neuraminidase activity of avian influenza virus measured by the colorimetric assay method to that measured by the fluorometric assay were distributed in the range of 2.4-20.3. the enzyme of avian influenza virus ... | 1987 | 2451112 |
| influenza a virus potentiates basophil histamine release caused by endotoxin-induced complement activation. examination of normal individuals and patients with intrinsic asthma. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by complement activation by means of endotoxins isolated from e. coli and salmonella bacteria. influenza a virus was found to enhance the mediator release, and the effect was caused by synergism, since virus itself did not release histamine. the potentiating effect was similar in cells from normal individuals and from patients with intrinsic asthma. the involvement of viral neuraminidase was examined by a potent neuraminidase inhibit ... | 1988 | 2452582 |
| influenza a virus m2 protein: monoclonal antibody restriction of virus growth and detection of m2 in virions. | the influenza a virus m2 protein is an integral membrane protein of 97 amino acids that is expressed at the surface of infected cells with an extracellular n-terminal domain of 18 to 23 amino acid residues, an internal hydrophobic domain of approximately 19 residues, and a c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 54 residues. to gain an understanding of the m2 protein function in the influenza virus replicative pathway, we produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody to m2. the antibody-binding site ... | 1988 | 2455818 |
| virus enhances histamine release from human basophils. | histamine release from human basophil leukocytes was triggered by staph. aureus or by complement activation caused by endotoxins isolated from e. coli or salmonella bacteria. influenza a virus was found to enhance the mediator release and the effect was caused by synergism, since the virus itself did not release histamine. the potentiating effect of the virus was abolished by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor. furthermore, a purified neuraminidase preparation obtained from vibrio cholerae caused ... | 1988 | 2455978 |
| structural and functional studies of hla-dr restricted antigen recognition by human helper t lymphocyte clones by using transfected murine cell lines. | murine l cells expressing the products of transfected hla-dr1 genes functioned as apc for two influenza-specific, human th cell clones with comparable efficiency to a dr1-expressing human lymphoblastoid cell line. in order to investigate the restriction specificity of the two th clones, a transfectant expressing the species-mismatched mhc class ii dimer dr1:i-e was tested as an apc. both t cells showed no loss of ag sensitivity due to substitution of the murine chain. one of the th clones, tlc 7 ... | 1988 | 2459238 |
| [molecular hybridization of nucleic acids as a method for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza in model experiments on cell cultures and in research on nasopharyngeal smears obtained from patients]. | dna probes containing the nucleotide sequences of the conservative genes of influenza a virus (matrix, nucleoprotein and acidic polymerase genes) show their specificity with respect to the rna of influenza a viruses in mammal tissue cell cultures (continuous spaniel kidney cell culture and primary calf kidney cell culture). the minimal amount of infected monolayer cells, permitting the detection of viral rna, is 10(3). the results obtained in the study of nasopharyngeal washings make it possible ... | 1988 | 2461622 |
| interferonogenic and antiviral effect of extracts from erodium cicutarium. ii. modulatory activity of erodium cicutarium extracts. | methanol extract from erodium cicutarium was shown not to induce interferon in a suspension of human leukocytes or in the cutaneo-muscular tissue of human embryo. it appeared to have no influence, either direct or cell-mediated, on interferon activity. however, it exerted stimulatory effect on the synthesis of interferon induced with newcastle disease virus in cell cultures. the stimulation occurred irrespective of the time of methanol extract administration (before or after viral inducer). in t ... | 1988 | 2478099 |
| nucleotide sequence of the avian influenza a/mallard/ny/6750/78 virus polymerase genes. | the avian influenza a/mallard/ny/6750/78 virus is currently being evaluated as a donor of attenuating genes in the construction of live avian-human influenza a reassortant virus vaccines for use in humans. we determined the nucleotide sequences of the three polymerase gene segments of this virus. this completes the nucleotide sequence of the six transferrable genes of the avian donor virus. comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the non-glycoprotein genes of the avian a ... | 1989 | 2483012 |
| [antigenic structure of hemagglutinins of influenza h1n1 (hsw1n1) virus isolated from humans and ducks]. | the method of specific adsorption followed by the use of antisera in hi test and competitive enzyme immunoassay was used to study the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins (ha) hsw1 in influenza viruses isolated in 1982 from humans in bulgaria and in 1976 in canada from ducks as well as their antigenic relationships with ha of hsw1 variant isolated from swine and man. hemagglutinins of hsw1 strains isolated from man in bulgaria and alma-ata were found to be similar to ha of a/new jersey/8/76 v ... | 1989 | 2483779 |
| interleukin-2 production used to detect antigenic peptide recognition by t-helper lymphocytes from asymptomatic hiv-seropositive individuals. | t lymphocytes from mice and healthy humans immunized against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) envelope have recently been shown to recognize two antigenic regions of the gp160 hiv-envelope protein which have been located on the basis of amphipathicity. in hiv-infected humans, t-cell proliferative responses are lost soon after infection. here we demonstrate that interleukin-2 production is often retained even when proliferative activity is absent, and that it can be used to monitor t-helper ... | 1989 | 2524668 |
| a virus-sensitive suppressor cell is involved in the regulation of human allospecific t cell-mediated cytotoxicity. | the in vitro generation of allospecific ctl by human pbmc was enhanced 4- to 16-fold by sequential plastic and nylon wool adherence, which depleted the pbmc of macrophages and b cells. the enhanced ctl response was suppressed by adding back irradiated, unfractionated pbmc or adherent cells to the depleted cells. this finding suggests that the enhanced ctl response was not simply a consequence of enrichment of t cells, but was instead due to active suppression by radioresistant cells contained in ... | 1989 | 2528590 |
| class i cross-restricted t cells reveal low responder allele due to processing of viral antigen. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize protein antigens which have been processed by the target cell and then presented in association with the relevant class i molecule of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). short synthetic peptides, which are able to associate directly with target cells, may substitute for these processed fragments in stimulating antigen-specific ctl responses. using this approach, a dominant hla-a2-restricted epitope has previously been mapped to residues 58-68 of in ... | 1989 | 2537466 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus: igg subclass and light chain distribution. | three adults and three children were immunized with inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines and 98 igg monoclonal antibodies derived from ebv immortalization of their blood lymphocytes were studied. all antibodies reacted specifically with influenza a h3n2 or h1n1 whole virus and 73 of 74 tested reacted with the purified ha glycoproteins. the majority (76%) of 77 monoclonal antibodies adequately tested by elisa or solid phase ria contained lambda light chains. elisa analysis of the igg ... | 1989 | 2545224 |
| the role of viral infections in intrinsic asthma: activation of neutrophil inflammation. | | 1989 | 2554699 |
| [problems of the molecular mechanism of the effects of synthetic antiviral drugs]. | results of experimental study on the effect of bonafton, tebrofen, florenal and riodoxol on synthesis of virus specific proteins and rna are presented. selective inhibition of rna-transcripts and respective proteins under the effect of bonafton was revealed. florenal had a selective inhibitory effect on synthesis of virus specific proteins. riodoxol did not inhibit synthesis of viral rna and proteins of the influenza virus. | 1989 | 2558620 |
| seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza a virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in hassia. | 1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in hassia (frg) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza a virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (srht). antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype h1n1) a/swine/arnsberg/1/81, a/swine/iowa/15/30 and a/new jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to a/swine/arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, wh ... | 1989 | 2559562 |
| role of different lymphocyte subsets in human anti-viral t cell cultures. | we have systematically studied uncloned human cell lines derived from anti-influenza a virus or anti-epstein-barr virus (ebv) bulk cultures, or from cultures highly enriched for cd4+ or cd8+ lymphocytes. the most noteworthy results are the following: (1) anti-viral bulk cultures consisted of more than 90% of cd8+ cells in all cases. in contrast, anti-hla cell lines are composed of approximately 50% cd8+ and 50% cd4+ cells. all of the cd8+ and cd4+ cells present in the culture were also 4b4+/2h4- ... | 1989 | 2562930 |
| detection of three distinct patterns of t helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. independence of cd4+ cell numbers and clinical staging. | we have tested the t helper cell (th) potential of asymptomatic, hiv seropositive (hiv+) patients, using an in vitro assay for il-2 production. peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) from 74 hiv+ patients and 70 hiv- control donors were tested for th function when stimulated with influenza a virus (flu), tetanus toxoid (tet), hla alloantigens (allo), or pha. of the hiv+ patients, four different response patterns were observed: (a) patients who responded to all four stimuli (16%); (b) patients who wer ... | 1989 | 2574188 |
| serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses: a prospective three-year follow-up from birth. | acute otitis media (aom) has been epidemiologically related to viral respiratory tract infections, and viral antigens have also been detected in middle ear secretion in some aom episodes. successive serum samples from children followed prospectively for three years from birth were analysed for igg antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenoviruses and influenza a virus. values from serum antibody activity gradually decreased during the first six months of life, followed by a grad ... | 1989 | 2584849 |
| purification and characterization of a human mx protein. | human interferon-beta (ifn-beta) induces in human embryonic foreskin fibroblasts a cytoplasmic protein with antigenic similarities to mouse mx protein, a nuclear protein implicated in inhibition of influenza virus replication. the human protein was purified to virtual homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody to mouse mx protein. the purified protein has an apparent mr of 78,000 and displays a strong tendency to self-aggregate. it can be resolved on two-dimensional ... | 1989 | 2607176 |
| [the determination of the interdependence of the infectivity of different groups of birds with the influenza virus by using mathematical modelling]. | when studying sera in the hemagglutination-inhibition reaction which has been taken from 772 fowls of 82 species caught in certain regions of the dnieper in 1981-1987 the antibodies to 29 strains of the influenza virus are revealed, all of them being of human and animal origin. the serological examination has shown the circulation of the influenza virus with hemagglutinin h13 in a wide range of water fowls, the level of antibodies to it being dependent on the species of fowls and season. using t ... | 1989 | 2622402 |
| diagnosis of influenza a virus infections by detection of specific immunoglobulins m, a, and g in serum. | the value of immunoglobulin m (igm) detection in the early diagnosis of influenza a was examined in a prospective study during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) virus infection in february and march 1986. the igm response was investigated in sera from 64 adults with influenzalike symptoms; we found a fourfold rise in titer or high titers (greater than or equal to 80) of influenza a virus antibodies by the complement fixation test. the igm response, analyzed by the hemadsorption ... | 1989 | 2654180 |
| rapid detection of influenza virus infections in human fetal lung diploid cell cultures. | haemadsorbing foci were found in human fetal lung (hfl) diploid cell cultures 12 h after inoculation with influenza viruses a and b. the size and number of the foci were maximal after 48 h of incubation, being limited by production of an unidentified inhibitor. by contrast, inoculation with parainfluenza virus type 3 led to haemadsorption which increased during 10 days of incubation. for the detection of influenza viruses a and b maximum sensitivity was achieved by changing the medium, the day b ... | 1989 | 2663998 |
| rapid diagnosis of influenza infection of np antigen using an immunocapture elisa test. | an immunocapture elisa test for the diagnosis of human and animal influenza a and/or b is described. a monoclonal anti-nucleoprotein (np) antibody was used to capture the np antigen and the captured antigen was detected by an anti-np polyclonal rabbit antiserum. compared with the usual diagnostic method by cultivation in embryonated eggs, this test had a high specificity (97%) and sensitivity when used for diagnosis using clinical nasopharyngeal samples obtained from patients and animals. immuno ... | 1989 | 2674180 |
| [indication of the influenza virus in clinical samples using immunoenzyme and lanthanide immunofluorescence analyses]. | a comparative study of the potentials of enzyme-immunoassay (eia) and lanthanide immunofluorescent assay (lifa) for influenza virus detection in nasopharyngeal aspirates and nasopharyngeal washings was carried out. monospecific and polyclonal antisera to hemagglutinin polyclonal antisera to matrix protein as well as polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to nucleoprotein were used. the nasopharyngeal aspirates were shown to contain virus-specific antigens in the amounts sufficient for influenza viru ... | 1989 | 2692302 |
| distinct lineages of influenza virus h4 hemagglutinin genes in different regions of the world. | to understand the determinants of influenza virus evolution, phylogenetic relationships were determined for nine hemagglutinin (ha) genes of the h4 subtype. these genes belong to a set of viruses isolated from several avian and mammalian species from various geographic locations around the world between 1956 and 1985. we found that the ha gene of the h4 subtype is 1738 nucleotides in length and is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 564 amino acids. the connecting peptide, which is removed from ... | 1989 | 2705304 |
| effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on susceptibility to influenza a virus infection in healthy adults. | the effect of no2 exposure and human susceptibility to respiratory virus infection was investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial conducted in an environmentally controlled research chamber over 3 yr. healthy, nonsmoking, young adult volunteers who were seronegative to influenza a/korea/82 (h3n2) virus were randomly assigned to breathe either filtered clean air (control group) or no2 for 2 h/day for 3 consecutive days. the no2 concentrations were 2 ppm (year 1), 3 ppm ( ... | 1989 | 2712434 |
| influenza activity in canada, 1988-1989. | | 1989 | 2713948 |
| [mortality in influenza epidemics in switzerland 1969-1985]. | in switzerland from 1969-1985, 9 out of 11 influenza epidemics were associated with a statistically significant increase in mortality. a total of 12,202 excess deaths from all causes was identified. expected deaths were forecast for each epidemic period separately for 4 age groups using fourier and arima modeling. 75.7% of all-cause excess deaths occurred in age group 70 to 89 and 5.1% in age group 1-59. in the 70-89 years old group the excess mortality risk during influenza epidemics was 271.6 ... | 1989 | 2717898 |
| [basic characteristics of a live influenza vaccine for children from type a influenza (h1n1 and h3n2) used separately and in combination]. | the study of safety and immunizing properties of a live influenza vaccine from influenza viruses type a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) used separately and in combination was carried out in 2461 children ranging in age from 3 to 15 years. the possibility of combining two influenza type a viruses with similar biological activity was demonstrated. the vaccine exerted no harmful effect in children and actively stimulated the production of antihemagglutinating, antineuraminidase, and secretory antibodies and en ... | 1989 | 2728404 |
| the role of rna segment 1 in an in vitro host restriction occurring in an avian influenza virus mutant. | a temperature sensitive mutant, ts c47, derived from a/fpv/rostock/34 and with a ts mutation in rna segment 8, fails to form plaques in mdck cells. from data obtained with reassortant viruses using the human influenza isolate a/fm/1/47 it was apparent that more than one mutation contributed to the temperature-sensitive (ts) and host range (hr) phenotypes of ts c47, and the phenotype of reassortants containing rna segment 1 from a/fm/1/47 indicated that this segment was involved. a single nucleot ... | 1989 | 2728618 |
| distinction of influenza viruses of different host cell origin. | influenza a viruses grown in different animal or human cells retain their antigenic make-up as tested by the usual immunological assays. with the aid of a sambucus nigra (l.) extract containing its lectins the viruses can be distinguished after one single passage in a different cell type by a change in their hemagglutinating properties. binding of such lectins to influenza viruses may be a means for a more subtle classification, relating to the host cell origin of the virus. | 1989 | 2737269 |
| laboratory characterization of a swine influenza virus isolated from a fatal case of human influenza. | a swine influenza virus-like type a (h1n1) virus, designated a/wisconsin/3523/88, was isolated in september 1988 from a wisconsin woman who had died with primary viral pneumonia. antigenic analyses with hemagglutinin-specific monoclonal antibodies and postinfection ferret serum indicated that the hemagglutinin of a/wisconsin/3523/88 was antigenically closely related to viruses currently circulating in swine. genetic analysis of the a/wisconsin/3523/88 virus by rna fingerprinting and partial rna ... | 1989 | 2754013 |
| efficacy of inactivated influenza a virus (h3n2) vaccines grown in mammalian cells or embryonated eggs. | influenza virus (h3n2) host cell variants isolated from a single infected individual were compared for their protective efficacies when used as formalin-inactivated purified whole virus vaccines in ferrets. a/mem/12/85 virus grown in embryonated chicken eggs (egg-grown), which differs from a/mem/12/85 grown in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney cells (mdck-grown) by a single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin molecule, was shown to be distinguishable by immune ferret serum. ferrets we ... | 1989 | 2760480 |
| serological evidence for influenza virus activity in nigeria (1985-1987). | a study to determine the activity of influenza virus among the children population was undertaken between 1985 and 1987 in nigeria. paired sera were obtained from children presenting with respiratory diseases at the children emergency and outpatient clinics of the university college hospital, ibadan. forty-two paired sera were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition test to determine hi antibody level of the patients to different serotypes of influenza virus. ninety percent of the children show ... | 1989 | 2773309 |
| gangliosides influence experimental influenza virus infection in mice. | influenza virus infection in mice may be either stimulated or partially prevented by certain gangliosides, depending on the experimental conditions employed. when injected prior to virus infection gangliosides increased the mortality rate, whereas preincubation with the virus before infection had a protecting effect. hybrid mice resistant to influenza virus became highly susceptible to infection after injection of a specific ganglioside whereas the corresponding antiganglioside antiserum protect ... | 1989 | 2778439 |
| cytotoxic t-cell response to influenza a subunit vaccine in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. | the cytotoxic t-cell and humoral immune response to a commercially available influenza a-h1n1 subunit vaccine in 14 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was compared with the response in 13 healthy volunteers. cytotoxic t-cell response to vaccination was poor in both patients and controls. at a calculated 50: 1 effector-target cell ratio, however, significantly more controls than patients showed an increase of over 5% cytotoxic t-cell mediated lysis after vaccination (p less than 0.05). in pat ... | 1989 | 2789342 |
| evolutionary pathways of the pa genes of influenza a viruses. | nucleotide sequences of the pa genes of influenza a viruses, isolated from a variety of host species, were analyzed to determine the evolutionary pathways of these genes and the host specificity of the genes. results of maximum parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequences indicate at least five lineages for the pa genes. those from human strains represent a single lineage, whereas the avian genes appear to have evolved as two lineages--one comprising genes from many kinds of birds (e.g., chick ... | 1989 | 2800339 |
| [use of an immune blotting method (western) for studying viral antigens and for detecting antibodies to viral proteins]. | the technique of the procedure and the results of the use of immune ("western") blotting method for studies on viral antigens and detection of antibodies to individual proteins of viral particles are described. the possibility of detection and study of individual viral antigens in the whole plasma of patients or carriers is demonstrated by the example of hbs antigen of human hepatitis b virus. the method of immune blotting was used for screening of human sera for the detection of antibodies to t ... | 1987 | 2823482 |
| estimation by radiation inactivation of the size of functional units governing sendai and influenza virus fusion. | the target sizes associated with fusion and hemolysis carried out by sendai virus envelope glycoproteins were determined by radiation inactivation analysis. the target size for influenza virus mediated fusion with erythrocyte ghosts at ph 5.0 was also determined for comparison; a value of 57 +/- 15 kda was found, indistinguishable from that reported previously for influenza-mediated fusion of cardiolipin liposomes [gibson, s., jung, c. y., takahashi, m., & lenard, j. (1986) biochemistry 25, 6264 ... | 1987 | 2825775 |
| isolation of human (h3n2) influenza virus and prevalence of the virus-antibody in swine. | | 1987 | 2828738 |
| use of a-549 cells in a clinical virology laboratory. | a-549 cells were compared with other cell lines for virus recovery, except from specimens submitted specifically for detection of cytomegalovirus. of 589 specimens submitted specifically for detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv), 163 (28%) were positive for hsv--159 (97.5%) in a-549 cells and 156 (96%) in primary rabbit kidney cells. hsv cytopathic effect was identified an average of 0.6 day earlier in a-549 cells. virus was recovered from 194 (11%) of 1,790 specimens submitted for general vir ... | 1988 | 2838502 |
| methyl gallate, methyl-3,4,5-trihydoxybenzoate, is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus in vitro. ii. antiviral activity of methyl gallate and its derivatives. | methyl gallate (mg), methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, was highly active against herpes viruses as determined by plaque reduction assay. herpes simplex virus type 2, ms strain, was sensitive to mg at a mean 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 0.224 micrograms/ml in monkey kidney cells. mg was specific for herpes viruses with the relative sensitivity hsv-2 greater than hsv-1 greater than cmv. two rna viruses tested were significantly less sensitive to mg. the structural components of mg which m ... | 1988 | 2840133 |
| virus infections and sports performance--a prospective study. | there are numerous anecdotal reports relating infection to deterioration in sporting performance. unexplained failures by top sportsmen are often attributed to recent or current infections. we have carried out a prospective investigation to determine the effect of viral infections on the performance of a group of 68 elite track and field athletes. athletes were monitored for evidence of viral infection during winter training and their form was assessed subjectively and also semi-objectively by a ... | 1988 | 2852528 |
| reproduction of human and animal influenza viruses in human nasal polyp organ cultures. | human influenza virus strains were easily grown and passaged in human nasal polyp organ cultures causing marked damage of the epithelium. unlike to human strains, the animal influenza virus strain could be propagated for no longer than 2 or 3 passages and even the 1st passage failed to cause significant morphological changes of the epithelium cells. | 1985 | 2866698 |
| the variability of genes of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains isolated in the g.d.r. during the 1970-1978 epidemic seasons. | gene variability of all influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated in the g.d.r. during the epidemic seasons of 1970-1978 was investigated by crna:vrna hybridization. from 1970 through 1975 a gradual smooth variability of the majority of genes and moderate heterogeneity in gene homology of the isolates were observed. from 1975 through 1977 the genome variability was more profound and the isolates differed from one another in gene homology. in 1978 the variability became less pronounced again. qua ... | 1985 | 2869657 |
| characterization of the reproduction of influenza a epidemic viruses in cell cultures. | two influenza a epidemic viruses with different indices of virulence for humans have been compared with respect to their reproduction in human embryo kidney (hek), human embryo lung (hel), and chick embryo kidney (cek) cell cultures. it has been shown that the highly virulent for humans a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) strain reproduced intensively in hek and hel cells irrespective of the inoculated dose (multiplicity of infection = 1 eid50 per cell and of 0.001 eid50 per cell, respectively). efficient i ... | 1986 | 2873731 |
| studies on influenza-virus virulence in recombinants between epidemic and vaccine strains. | influenza virus recombinants between epidemic strains a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), a/ussr/382/78 (h3n2) and vaccine strains a/leningrad/9/46 (h1n1), a/victoria/35/72/50 (h3n2) have been tested for virulence for humans and albino mice; their genome structure has also been determined. it has been shown that after the replacement of surface antigens of a/leningrad/9/46 (h1n1) strain by surface antigens of a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) or a/ussr/382/78 (h3n2), strains, the virus becomes totally nonpathogenic for ... | 1987 | 2891277 |
| production of human influenza virus in a stabile line of guinea pig tongue cells expressing endogenous oncovirus: an electron microscopic study. | guinea pig tongue (gpt) cells represent a highly sensitive host system for influenza a/wsn (h1n1) infection as evidenced by numerous ultrastructural changes, considerable production of ns1 protein and widespread budding of viral particles at the cytoplasmic membrane. vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and of the golgi complex were transported to the apical area of cell membrane, where the budding of virions took place. numerous microtubules were directed vertically to these portions of pla ... | 1987 | 2891278 |
| simultaneous determination of the level of antibodies to influenza virus surface and internal proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been adopted for simultaneous determination of the levels of antibodies to different influenza virus proteins in human sera with known haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titre. whole virus of serotypes h1n1 and h3n2, haemagglutinin (ha), matrix (m) and nucleoprotein (np) proteins have been used as antigens. for detection of antibodies bound to the antigen, peroxidase labelled staphylococcus protein a conjugate has been used. correlation of the elisa a ... | 1988 | 2899957 |
| functional and structural analysis of the ribonucleoprotein complexes of different human influenza virus strains. | ribonucleoprotein (rnp) cores were prepared from various strains of human influenza virus by treating the purified or spikeless virus particles with non-ionic detergents such as nonidet p-40 and centrifugation in continuous linear glycerol gradients. in addition to rna, the purified complexes contained viral nucleoprotein (np) and the three p proteins (pa, pb1, pb2) as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) under denaturing conditions. contaminations with other viral polypeptide ... | 1988 | 2903632 |
| leads from the mmwr. update: influenza activity--worldwide. | | 1989 | 2911154 |
| an outbreak of influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) infections at a naval base and its association with airplane travel. | in late october 1986, an outbreak of influenza-like illness was detected at the naval air station in key west, florida. between october 10 and november 7, 1986, 60 active duty personnel reported experiencing a respiratory illness characterized by fever, cough, sore throat, and myalgia. influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus was recovered from three symptomatic patients. forty-one (68%) of 60 case-patients belonged to a 114-person squadron that had traveled to puerto rico for a temporary assignment ... | 1989 | 2912044 |
| influenza a among hospital personnel and patients. implications for recognition, prevention, and control. | an outbreak of influenza a/philippines h3n2 at a 1156-bed veterans administration hospital involved 118 hospital personnel and 49 patients. prospective surveillance methods that had been established within the hospital were not useful in identifying the number of involved individuals. community indicators of influenza, which were reviewed retrospectively, would not have identified circulating influenza in this population. control of the outbreak was accomplished using a creative approach that im ... | 1989 | 2912418 |
| resistance of influenza a virus to amantadine and rimantadine: results of one decade of surveillance. | all clinical isolates of influenza a viruses from patients in huntington, west virginia, during the decade 1978-1988 were tested, and 65 of 65 h1n1 and 176 of 181 h3n2 viruses were susceptible to the antiviral action of amantadine and rimantadine. the five resistant viruses were obtained from three members of a family undergoing therapy or prophylaxis with rimantadine. resistant influenza emerged during treatment with rimantadine and spread to two family contacts, causing typical influenza with ... | 1989 | 2915166 |
| a human helper-dependent influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte clone restricted by hla-dr2. | a human influenza a virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clone is described that is restricted by a class ii hla-antigen. of a large panel of b-lymphoblastoid cell lines (b-lcl) as target cells the clone lysed only infected cells sharing hla-dr2 with the donor of the clone. in cold target inhibition studies only infected cells bearing hla-dr2 could inhibit cytotoxicity. infected pha-blasts that express less dr-antigen than b-lcl cells were lysed to a much lesser extent though they could b ... | 1985 | 2933850 |
| [characteristics of the 1983 influenza epidemic in dushanbe]. | | 1985 | 2937204 |
| [immunogenicity and the protective effectiveness of the subunit trivalent influenza vaccine grippovac]. | in the process of the immunological approbation of several experimental batches of the triyalent subunit influenza vaccine grippovac, the pronounced immunogenicity of the antigens of all strains contained in the vaccine was established; most of the vaccinees were found to retain sufficiently high antibody titers for a year, and the essential total increase of antibody titers was found to occur after a single booster immunization. the serological checking of the diagnosed cases of influenza among ... | 1986 | 2938372 |
| evolution of human influenza a viruses over 50 years: rapid, uniform rate of change in ns gene. | variation in influenza a viruses was examined by comparison of nucleotide sequences of the ns gene (890 bases) of 15 human viruses isolated over 53 years (1933 to 1985). changes in the genes accumulate with time, and an evolutionary tree based on the maximum parsimony method can be constructed. the evolutionary rate is approximately 2 x 10(-3) substitution per site per year in the ns genes, which is about 10(6) times the evolutionary rate of germline genes in mammals. this uniform and rapid rate ... | 1986 | 2939560 |
| [assessment of the prophylactic effectiveness of an inactivated influenza vaccine by immunizing schoolchildren in the springtime]. | to evaluate the prophylactic effectiveness of influenza inactivated chromatographic vaccine, limited epidemiological observations were made on school children aged 11-14 years in leningrad, in the autumn of 1981 and the spring of 1982. for immunization, made in a single administration, the vaccine composed of a (h3n2) + +a (h1n1) and containing 3.0-3.4 micrograms of hemagglutinin of each component per 0.2 ml of the preparation was used. altogether 6928 schoolchildren were under observation; of t ... | 1986 | 2939666 |
| epidemiology of influenza c virus in man: multiple evolutionary lineages and low rate of change. | the nucleotide sequences of nonstructural protein (ns) genes of human influenza c viruses isolated between 1947 and 1983 were determined and compared. assuming constant evolutionary rates, the extent of nucleotide differences among ns genes does not correspond to the isolation years of the strains. this suggests that more than one gene lineage is present in the population. furthermore, examination of the eight c virus ns gene sequences by the maximum parsimony method (w. m. fitch, 1971, syst. zo ... | 1986 | 2943076 |
| [influenza morbidity in the kazakh ssr 1977-1984]. | in 1977-1984, 6 epidemic outbreaks of influenza were recorded in the republic of which 2 were due to influenza a (h1n1), 2 to a (h3n2) and 2 to influenza b virus. the epidemics of influenza h1n1 (1977-1978, 1981) and h3n3 (1979-1980, 1983) were characterized by gradual decrease of their intensity as manifested by lowering of the morbidity rate and frequency of virus isolation. on the contrary, epidemics of influenza b showed a certain trend to increase. an important feature of the epidemics etio ... | 1986 | 2945325 |
| [relation between features of the clinical course of influenza and the dynamics of the epidemic process]. | | 1985 | 2951900 |
| polyclonal b-cell activation by influenza a/texas virus-specific human t-cell clones. | a previously described proliferating class-ii-restricted cd4+ human t-cell clone (ta4) specific for the n2 neuraminidase of the influenza a/texas virus was tested for its ability to induce b cells to polyclonal immunoglobulin (ig) production. the data reported in the present study show that, when stimulated by t-depleted autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (e-) and a/t virus, the ta4 clone was able to induce b cells to polyclonal ig production. this effect was also seen using another c ... | 1987 | 2958016 |
| specific antibody responses by high- and low-density human peripheral blood b cells: t-helper cells and t-cell replacing factor (trf) act on different b-cell subpopulations. | antibody production to influenza a strain virus x31 (h3n2) was measured in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) stimulated with either antigen (x31) or pokeweed mitogen (pwm). with some donors, x31 antibody was produced in response to antigenic stimulation, but not as part of the polyclonal response to pwm, suggesting that antigen and pwm may be acting on different b-cell subpopulations. to test this hypothesis, t-cell depleted pbmc (e-) cells were fractionated on discontinuous ... | 1987 | 2959615 |
| tracheobronchial mucin receptor for pseudomonas aeruginosa: predominance of amino sugars in binding sites. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common respiratory tract colonizer and pathogen, adheres to injured tracheal cells and to tracheobronchial mucin. these phenomena suggest that there are specific receptors for this organism in the respiratory tract. the receptor on injured tracheal cells contains n-acetylneuraminic acid as the principal sugar, but the structure of the receptor in mucin has not been described. using a microtiter plate assay to study bacterial adherence to mucin, we have partially charact ... | 1985 | 2985503 |
| immunoglobulin g subclass antibody responses in influenza a and parainfluenza type 1 virus infections. | antibody responses in immunoglobulin g1, g2, g3, g4, a (iga1) and m isotypes were studied in 10 patients with an acute influenza a and in another 10 patients with a parainfluenza type 1 virus infection using radioimmunoassay with standardized monoclonal anti-immunoglobulins. a four-fold or greater increase of antibody in patients have an acute influenza a virus infection, were found in igg1 (all 10 cases), igg3 (seven cases), igg4 (eight cases) and in iga1 (six cases) whereas igg2 and igm respon ... | 1985 | 2988830 |
| surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on the epidemiological development of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | surveillance of certain respiratory viral infections by applying immunofluorescence (if) examinations to samples of nasopharyngeal secretions has been evaluated using a simplified procedure for the preparation of cell smears. samples from 711 children living in different parts of norway were examined during the winter 1982/83 and a positive diagnosis was made for 290 children (41%). temporal epidemic peaks were observed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 and influe ... | 1985 | 2989359 |
| enhancement of influenza virus hemolysis by physical and serological treatments. | the mode of hemolysis by influenza a virus was compared with that of sendai virus. the wsn strain of influenza virus grown in either eggs or mdck cells expressed hardly any hemolytic activity by itself. treatment of the mdck cell-grown wsn virus with sonication or freezing and thawing moderately enhanced the hemolytic activity, but the maximum level attainable was considerably lower than that of sendai virus. a high level of hemolytic activity comparable to that of sendai virus was obtained only ... | 1985 | 2999567 |
| [viral myocarditis (the etiologic, clinical, diagnostic and treatment problems)]. | to elucidate the etiology of respiratory infection and pharyngitis associated myocarditis a serological study was made of 201 patients who were successively admitted with a clinical diagnosis of myocarditis. coxsackie viral infection of group b, influenza a and b, para-influenza and adenoviral infection and beta-hemolytical streptococcus of group a were determined. preceding coxsackie infection was established in 38,3% of the patients, influenza a and b in 27.5%, adenoviral infection in 3.6% and ... | 1985 | 3001963 |
| leads from the mmwr. prevention and control of influenza. | | 1986 | 3014172 |
| regulation of antibody production by an antigen-specific ebv-transformed b-lymphoblastoid cell line: effect of high-dose antigen and antigen-pulsed t cells. | a b-cell line (c1b2) secreting monoclonal igg antibody to influenza virus haemagglutinin (ha3) was obtained by epstein-barr virus (ebv) transformation of human tonsillar b cells activated in vitro to influenza a/x31. antibody secretion by c1b2 was completely inhibited by purified ha3 at concentrations above 100 ng/ml. by contrast, high doses of ha3 had no effect on ebv-transformed b-cell lines making antibody of unrelated specificity. inhibition of specific antibody secretion by ha3 continued fo ... | 1986 | 3015782 |
| [viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in madagascan children]. | a total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the pediatric department of antananarivo general hospital from may to july 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were mor ... | 1986 | 3026268 |
| identification of viral molecules recognized by influenza-specific human cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | human cytotoxic t cells specific for influenza a virus were tested for recognition of each of the ten influenza a virus proteins expressed in target cells using recombinant vaccinia viruses. they recognized the matrix m1, polymerase pb2, and nucleoproteins of influenza virus in association with mhc class i antigens. these internal viral proteins were seen by ctl in conjunction with one or more of the available dependent hla gene products. there was no detectable recognition of influenza virus su ... | 1987 | 3029268 |
| vaccination of swine against h3n2-influenza field isolates using the human philippines-strain. | intratracheal inoculation of 2 belgian h3n2-influenza viral strains, isolated from sick swine in the field, caused high fever, anorexia and dyspnoea in unvaccinated swine. the strains are related to the human a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2)-strain. in a limited study, 2 subunit vaccines, both derived from the human a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2)-strain, were tested for efficacy in protecting swine against these belgian field isolates. vaccine a was a commercial vaccine, vaccine b an experimental vaccine. ... | 1987 | 3031869 |
| an improved membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay for the rapid serological diagnosis of viral infections. | a one-step modification of the membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay (mf eia) (barnett et al., j. clin. microbiol., 23:385-399, 1987), for estimation of virus-specific antibody is described. the modified mf eia allowed serum, antigen and enzyme-conjugated anti-globulin to be incubated together in membrane-based 96-well plates to enable the formation of immune complexes in solution at 37 degrees c. the assay required only 45 min for completion and polyethylene glycol was shown to be an essential ... | 1988 | 3053742 |
| latin hypercube sampling and the sensitivity analysis of a monte carlo epidemic model. | discrete, algorithmic simulation and monte carlo methodologies are currently used in population biology, connectionist cognitive modeling, and physics. however, little is typically known about the sensitivity of such models to changes in the values of the model features. traditional methods of sensitivity analysis for systems of differential equations do not apply. sometimes, one or two parameters are modified at a time in an ad hoc fashion in an attempt to assess sensitivity. to include more mo ... | 1988 | 3065249 |
| [the control of kennel cough]. | kennel cough is an infectious factorial disease with a multicausal genesis. the conventional methods (hygiene, management, chemotherapy, symptomatic therapy) are often insufficient in control of the disease. new methods were developed in collaboration with "problem kennels" (animal homes, dealer kennels etc.), which reduce the morbidity significantly. a so-called "synergistic combined vaccine" ("candiflu", behringwerke marburg), which contains the basic viruses (reovirus, human influenza-a-virus ... | 1988 | 3065981 |
| molecular mechanism of acquisition of virulence in influenza virus in nature. | | 1988 | 3070264 |
| influenza--united states, 1985-1986 season. | | 1986 | 3088431 |
| influenza activity in civilian and military populations and key points for use of influenza vaccines. | | 1986 | 3097489 |
| update: influenza activity--united states. | | 1987 | 3100924 |
| update on influenza activity worldwide and world health organization and united states recommendations for influenza vaccine composition for the 1987-1988 season. | | 1987 | 3104754 |
| prevention of vaccinia virus infection in immunodeficient mice by vector-directed il-2 expression. | recombinant vaccinia viruses have been proposed as live vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases, including aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). objections have been concerned primarily with side effects of the vaccinia virus vector itself. recently it has been shown that inactivation of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene or deletion of certain other non-essential genes is associated with a marked reduction in pathogenicity. nevertheless, the ability of vaccinia virus to pr ... | 1987 | 3118219 |
| suspected nosocomial influenza cases in an intensive care unit. | | 1988 | 3122002 |
| update: influenza--united states, 1988-89 season. | | 1988 | 3141771 |
| [interaction of neisseria meningitidis with eukaryotic cells in a mixed infection in vitro]. | to study the adhesion of meningococci under the conditions of a monoinfection and mixed infection (in association with influenza virus), the experimental model of mixed influenzal and meningococcal infection has been created in the culture of epithelial cells hep-2. on this model in increase in the intensity of the adhesion of meningococci to eukaryotic cells, as well as in the intensity of the meningococcal colonization of such cells, after their preliminary infection with influenza virus has b ... | 1988 | 3144817 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of core antigens for clinical diagnosis of influenza. | a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with monoclonal secondary antibodies was used to detect matrix protein and nucleoprotein of influenza a. the sensitivity of the elisa for highly purified a/brazil nucleoprotein and matrix protein was 0.05 and 1.0 ng, respectively. nasal washes from 10 of 20 adult subjects with culture-proven, naturally acquired infection caused by a/brazil/11/78-like influenza virus were positive in the test, and 2 of 13 subjects with rhinovirus infection w ... | 1988 | 3171556 |
| acetylated galactosamine is a receptor for the influenza c virus glycoprotein. | we have investigated the specificity of influenza c virus receptor destroying enzyme (rde) by treatment of erythrocytes of various species with influenza c virus followed by examination of the agglutination patterns of the erythrocytes with a panel of 13 lectins and four anti-human blood group sera of known receptor specificity. human and animal erythrocytes were agglutinated by lectins sba, dba, wfa, vaa ii, rca ii, and wga which have a specificity for the n-acetyl group of galactosamine (nac-d ... | 1988 | 3178492 |
| [clinical picture and diagnosis of influenza]. | | 1988 | 3181466 |
| epidemiologic features of influenza in a large urban centre (b.) in romania, in 1987. | the study presents the peculiarities of influenza evolution in 1987 in a large town in romania. these features were defined by a complex methodology, based on clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory investigations, used in the active control of the epidemiologic process kinetics. the influenza viruses type a (h1n1 and h3n2) had a major role in the infecting and immunizing contacts in all age groups whereas the influenza virus type b had a reduced circulation. the epidemiologic influenza impact in ... | 1988 | 3195054 |
| isolation of swine-like influenza a(h1n1) viruses from man in switzerland and the netherlands. | swine influenza a (h1n1) viruses were isolated from two people in switzerland and one in the netherlands in early 1986. in haemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition assays, the three viruses were closely related to one another and to the a/new jersey/8/76 strain. the swiss patients showed only mild symptoms, whereas the dutch patient suffered from severe pneumonia. two of the patients had been in close contact with diseased pigs. no such contact could be established for the third ... | 1988 | 3214596 |
| [the epidemic spread of the influenza a and b viruses in the ussr in 1985-1986]. | the data on the spread of influenza a and b in the autumn and winter of 1985-1986 are given. three epidemics caused by all presently circulating viruses, b, a (h3n2) and a (h1n1), were registered in the ussr. of these, the greatest one was the epidemic of influenza b; morbidity rate among the adult population during this epidemic was at the level with the morbidity rate characteristic of the epidemics registered at the period of 1962-1972, and morbidity rate among children, especially school chi ... | 1988 | 3218423 |
| laboratory evidence of influenza in canada. | | 1988 | 3242872 |
| [transient bronchial hyperreactivity in influenza]. | | 1988 | 3252199 |
| antigenic heterogeneity within influenza a (h3n2) virus strains. | on the basis of their antigenic properties, influenza virus strains are classified into types and subtypes, which are further subdivided into variants that differ to various degrees in haemagglutination-inhibition assays. evidence is presented that during infection with an influenza a(h3n2) virus the respiratory tract of a human patient often harbours more than one antigenic virus variant. these variants are frequently propagated by embryonated fowl eggs and monkey cells with different efficienc ... | 1988 | 3260141 |
| mutations in the alpha 2 helix of hla-a2 affect presentation but do not inhibit binding of influenza virus matrix peptide. | previous studies have suggested that mhc class i molecules bind and present peptides to ctl in a manner that is analogous to the presentation of peptides by class ii molecules to th. crystallographic studies of hla-a2 have led to the assignment of a putative peptide binding site that is bordered by two alpha helices consisting of residues 50-84 and 138-180. in this study, we have investigated whether residues in the alpha 2 helix are involved in the binding and/or presentation of a peptide to ct ... | 1988 | 3261776 |
| a summary of influenza activity in canada, 1987-1988 season. | | 1988 | 3266585 |