| enhanced in vivo monooxygenase activities of mammalian p450s in engineered yeast cells producing high levels of nadph-p450 reductase and human cytochrome b5. | we have engineered yeast genomic dna to construct a set of strains producing various relative amounts of yeast nadph-p450 reductase (yred) and human cytochrome b5 (hb5). expression of cdnas encoding human p450 1a1, 1a2, 3a4, 19a and mouse p450 1a1 in the different oxido-reduction backgrounds thus constituted were achieved after strain transformation by plasmid-based p450-encoding expression cassettes. the results indicate that the level of yred strongly affects all activities tested. in contrast ... | 1993 | 8449412 |
| comparative mapping on the mouse and human x chromosomes of a human cdna clone encoding the vasopressin renal-type receptor (avp2r). | mutations in the gene for the human renal-type vasopressin receptor (v2r) have recently been identified in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (ndi). both v2r and ndi have been independently mapped to xq28. using a combination of genetic and physical mapping, we have localized the murine v2r locus to within 100 kb of l1cam on the mouse x chromosome in a region syntenic with human xq28. based on conserved gene order of mouse and human loci in this region, physical mapping using dna deriv ... | 1993 | 8449515 |
| purification and characterization of the prohormone convertase pc1(pc3). | the prohormone convertases pc1 (also known as pc3) and pc2 have been implicated in the biosynthesis of several polypeptide hormones and neuropeptides. in order to understand the regulation and the cell biology of prohormone cleavage, we have purified recombinant mouse pc1 from the conditioned medium of overexpressing chinese hamster ovary cells. recombinant pc1 was found to be an 87-kda calcium-dependent proteinase with an inhibitor profile similar to that of kex2 and furin. however, unlike furi ... | 1993 | 8449925 |
| clustered organization of homologous krab zinc-finger genes with enhanced expression in human t lymphoid cells. | krab zinc-finger proteins (krab-zfps) constitute a large subfamily of zfps of the krüppel c2h2 type. krab (krüppel-associated box) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain found n-terminally with respect to the finger repeats. we report here the characterization of a particular subgroup of highly related human krab-zfps. znf91 is one representative of this subgroup and contains 35 contiguous finger repeats at its c-terminus. three mrna isoforms with sequence identity to znf91 were isolated ... | 1993 | 8467795 |
| interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 inhibit nitric oxide-dependent macrophage killing of candida albicans. | mouse peritoneal and splenic macrophages treated with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and infected with the yeast candida albicans expressed high fungicidal activity in vitro that correlated with increased nitrite concentrations in culture supernatants. both effects were reduced by an inhibitor of nitric oxide (no) synthesis which, in vivo, impaired the animals' ability to mount a footpad reaction and clear the fungus from infected organs. because t helper type-2 (th2) cytokines in candidiasis are ... | 1993 | 8477799 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of mouse steroid 7 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome p-450(7) alpha): role of residue-209 in determining steroid-cytochrome p-450 interaction. | we have cloned a cdna encoding mouse steroid 7 alpha-hydroxylase p450(7) alpha (cytochrome p-450(7) alpha) and expressed it in saccharomyces cerevisiae. mouse p450(7) alpha is 70% identical in its amino acid sequence with the mouse steroid 15 alpha-hydroxylase p450(15) alpha (2a4). the leu at position 209 of p450(15) alpha is the most important residue to determine the steroid hydroxylase activity of the p450 [lindberg and negishi (1989) nature (london) 339, 632-634]. the p450(7) alpha contains ... | 1993 | 8484736 |
| is epimorphin involved in vesicular transport? | | 1993 | 8490959 |
| epimorphin is related to a new class of neuronal and yeast vesicle targeting proteins. | | 1993 | 8493722 |
| isolation of avirulent clones of candida albicans with reduced ability to recognize the cr2 ligand c3d. | four clones of the yeast candida albicans, isolated on the basis of their tolerance to clotrimazole, were compared with their parental strains in terms of growth, morphology, virulence, and cell surface complement receptor activity. in a newly described synthetic medium, these clones, designated c1, c2, n, and p, produced germ tubes or pseudohyphae, but no true hyphae, in a pattern which was specific for each strain. the growth of each clone at 37 degrees c, under conditions which favor the fila ... | 1993 | 8500905 |
| purification and properties of transgelin: a transformation and shape change sensitive actin-gelling protein. | we have purified the transformation and shape change sensitive isoform of an actin associated polypeptide doublet previously described by us (shapland, c., p. lowings, and d. lawson. 1988. j. cell biol. 107:153-161) and have shown that it is evolutionarily conserved as far back as yeast. the purified protein: (a) binds directly to actin filaments at a ratio of 1:6 actin monomers, with a binding constant (ka) of approximately 7.5 x 10(5) m-1; and (b) causes actin filament gelation within 2 min. a ... | 1993 | 8501116 |
| the yeast gene msh3 defines a new class of eukaryotic muts homologues. | we have identified a gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae, msh3, whose predicted protein product shares extensive sequence similarity with bacterial proteins involved in dna mismatch repair as well as with the predicted protein product of the rep-3 gene of mouse. msh3 was obtained by performing a polymerase chain reaction on yeast genomic dna using degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed to anneal with the most conserved regions of a gene that would be homologous to rep-3 and salmonella typhimur ... | 1993 | 8510668 |
| secretion of mouse alpha-amylase from fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe: presence of chymostatin-sensitive protease activity in the culture medium. | we have constructed two secretion vectors for schizosaccharomyces pombe using an sv40 promoter and the secretion signals of the pgkl killer toxin complex derived from kluyveromyces lactis. although indigenous secretory glycoproteins tend to accumulate in the periplasmic space of s. pombe, we have succeeded in the secretion of mouse alpha-amylase into the culture medium. the efficiency of secretion, processing pattern, stability and culture conditions for mouse alpha-amylase were studied in s. po ... | 1993 | 8511968 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the 1,2-alpha-d-mannosidase gene, msds, from aspergillus saitoi and expression of the gene in yeast cells. | a full-length cdna encoding 1,2-alpha-d-mannosidase (ec 3.2.1.113) from aspergillus saitoi was cloned. analysis of the 1718 bp nucleotide sequence of the cdna revealed a single open reading frame with 1539 nucleotides of 1,2-alpha-d-mannosidase gene, msds. the predicted amino-acid sequence of 1,2-alpha-d-mannosidase consists of 513 residues with a molecular mass of 55,767 and is 70%, 26% and 35% identity with those of penicillium citrinum 1,2-alpha-d-mannosidase, yeast alpha-mannosidase, and mou ... | 1995 | 8519794 |
| mitochondrial transcription initiation: promoter structures and rna polymerases. | a diversity of promoter structures. it is evident that tremendous diversity exists between the modes of mitochondrial transcription initiation in the different eukaryotic kingdoms, at least in terms of promoter structures. within vertebrates, a single promoter for each strand exists, which may be unidirectional or bidirectional. in fungi and plants, multiple promoters are found, and in each case, both the extent and the primary sequences of promoters are distinct. promoter multiplicity in fungi, ... | 1995 | 8529266 |
| identification of a family of closely related human ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. | two very closely related human e2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, ubfh5b and ubch5c, have been identified. these enzymes are products of distinct genes and are 88-89% identical in amino acid sequence to the recently described human e2, ubch5 (now designated ubch5a), ubch5a-c are homologous to a family of five ubiquitin conjugating enzymes from arabidopsis thaliana, atubc8-12. they are also closely related to saccharomyces cerevisiae scubc4 and scubc5, which are involved in the stress response, an ... | 1995 | 8530467 |
| identification of a member of the mapkkk family as a potential mediator of tgf-beta signal transduction. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway is a conserved eukaryotic signaling module that converts receptor signals into various outputs. mapk is activated through phosphorylation by mapk kinase (mapkk), which is first activated by mapkk kinase (mapkkk). a genetic selection based on a mapk pathway in yeast was used to identify a mouse protein kinase (tak1) distinct from other members of the mapkkk family. tak1 was shown to participate in regulation of transcription by transforming grow ... | 1995 | 8533096 |
| a novel partner for the gtp-bound forms of rho and rac. | using the yeast two hybrid system and overlay assays we identified a putative rholrac effector, citron, which interacts with the gtp-bound forms of rho and rac1, but not with cdc42. extensive homologies to known proteins were not observed. this 183 kda protein contains a c6h2 zinc finger, a ph domain, and a long coiled-coil forming region including 4 leucine zippers and the rholrac binding site. we recently identified three others putative rho effectors characterized by a common rho binding moti ... | 1995 | 8543060 |
| structural variation of the pseudoautosomal region between and within inbred mouse strains. | the pseudoautosomal region (par) is a segment of shared homology between the sex chromosomes. here we report additional probes for this region of the mouse genome. genetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses indicate that one probe, par-4, hybridizes to the pseudoautosomal telomere and a minor locus at the telomere of chromosome 9 and that a pcr assay based on the par-4 sequence amplifies only the pseudoautosomal locus (dxyhgu1). the region detected by par-4 is structurally unstable; ... | 1996 | 8552598 |
| identification, purification, and molecular cloning of autonomously replicating sequence-binding protein 1 from fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. | autonomously replicating sequence (ars) elements of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe contain multiple imperfect copies of the consensus sequence reported by maundrell et al. [maundrell k., hutchison, a. & shall, s. (1988) embo j. 7, 2203-2209]. when cell free extracts of s. pombe were incubated with a dimer or tetramer of an oligonucleotide containing the ars consensus sequence, several complexes were detected using a gel mobility-shift assay. the proteins forming these complexes also ... | 1996 | 8552670 |
| molecular cloning of yeast cytochrome c-like polypeptide expressed in human lung carcinoma: an antigen recognizable by lung cancer-specific human monoclonal antibody. | we previously determined the amino acid sequence to the epitope (atlfktr) of cytochrome c from candida krusei, which is cross-reactive to the lung cancer-specific human monoclonal antibody hb4c5. here we report that an antigen messenger rna, which codes for a structure similar to the cytochrome c epitope, is expressed in the human lung adenocarcinoma a549. sequencing analysis has revealed that this messenger rna encodes a novel 190 amino acid polypeptide of 21-kda containing an amino acid sequen ... | 1995 | 8564085 |
| arrest at the g2/m transition of the cell cycle by protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibition: studies on a neuronal and a glial cell line. | the addition of the peroxovanadium (pv) derivatives potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)oxovanadate(v) (bpv[phen]) or potassium bisperoxo(pyridine-2-carboxylato) oxovanadate(v) (bpv[pic]), both of which are potent inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps) [posner et al. (1994): j biol chem 269:4596-4604], to the culture medium of neuroblastoma nb 41 and glioma c6 cells resulted in a marked decrease in their proliferation rates and a progressive accumulation at the g2/m transition of ... | 1995 | 8567756 |
| biological insights through genomics: mouse to man. | | 1996 | 8567945 |
| study of hemagglutinating property of enteroinvasive escherichia coli from various geographical locations. | thirty-four strains of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) were examined for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species. all strains cultured in casamino acid-yeast extract medium in the presence of 1 mm cacl2 at 37 c for 16-22 hr induced maximal expression of hemagglutination (ha) of broad spectrum erythrocytes. the strongest ha was observed with guinea-pig erythrocytes followed by human (o type), rat, mouse, rabbit and sheep erythrocytes. all the strains failed ... | 1995 | 8569044 |
| cloning, structure and mrna expression of human cctg, which encodes the chaperonin subunit cct gamma. | we describe the cloning, dna sequence analysis and mrna expression analysis of human cctg (hscctg), a gene that encodes the gamma-subunit of the eukaryotic cytosolic 'chaperonin-containing tcp-1' (cct). partial clones representing the 3' region of hscctg cdna were isolated from a human kidney cdna library, and the missing 5' region was amplified directly from human kidney cdna. the cctg mrna transcript is expressed in numerous human and mouse tissues and, like tcp-1/ccta, cctg mrna is expressed ... | 1996 | 8573069 |
| identification of a novel family of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes with distinct amino-terminal extensions. | the ubiquitin/proteasome system is the main eukaryotic nonlysosomal protein degradation system. substrate selectivity of this pathway is thought to be mediated in part by members of a large family of ubiquitin-conjugating (e2) enzymes, which catalyze the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to proteolytic substrates. e2 enzymes have a conserved approximately 150-residue so-called ubc domain, which harbors the cysteine residue required for enzyme-ubiquitin thioester formation. some e2 enzymes possess ... | 1996 | 8576256 |
| prohibitin: potential role in senescence, development, and tumor suppression. | prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene with homologues found in organisms ranging from yeast to man. in man the gene is located on chromosome 17 at q21. the deduced amino acid sequences of the protein products from mouse and rat are identical; and these differ from the human protein sequence by a single conserved amino acid. prohibitin has antiproliferative activity and available data suggest a role in such diverse processes as normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellul ... | 1995 | 8591812 |
| localization of a human homolog of the mouse tiam-1 gene to chromosome 21q22.1. | exon trapping was applied to genomic dna from a chromosome 21-specific cosmid library (ll21nc02-q) to clone portions of genes from this chromosome. among a large number of trapped exons, three showed striking homology to different regions of the cdna for the mouse t-lymphoma invasion and metastasis gene (tiam-1) at both nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence levels, suggesting that these three exons are part of a human homolog of the mouse tiam-1 gene. we mapped this presumed human tiam1 g ... | 1995 | 8595894 |
| human hoxb cluster and the nerve growth factor receptor gene: comparison with an orthologous chromosomal domain in mouse. | the structural organization and nucleotide sequence similarity of mammalian antennapedia-class homeobox genes support the view that the four homeobox clusters (hoxa, b, c, and d on human chromosomes 7, 17, 12, and 2, respectively) arose through a combination of gene duplication and divergence to form a cluster, followed by several cluster duplications. the duplication events that gave rise to the four clusters appear to have involved chromosomal domains extending well beyond the borders of the c ... | 1995 | 8595898 |
| role of mitochondria and c-terminal membrane anchor of bcl-2 in bax induced growth arrest and mortality in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | in mammalian cells, the bcl-2 and bcl-x(l) proteins suppress programmed cell death whereas the topographically similar bax protein accelerates the apoptotic process. recently published data suggest that expression of the human bax-alpha gene is lethal for the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and that this toxicity can be overcome by co-expressing bcl-2 or bcl-x(l). our findings corroborate these results. however, we find that although bax induction invariably stops cell growth under all circumstan ... | 1996 | 8603730 |
| functional comparison of the mus musculus molossinus and mus musculus domesticus sry genes. | the sry gene functions as a genetic switch initiating testicular development of the indifferent mammalian gonad. the mus musculus molossinus sry open reading frame (orf) encodes a 395-amino acid transcription factor (msry) that specifically binds and bends dna through its n-terminal hmg domain and activates transcription through its long c-terminal (residues 144-366) glutamine/histidine-rich activation domain. the m. m. domesticus sry orf encodes a highly homologous, truncated protein (dsry) of ... | 1995 | 8614401 |
| cloning and characterization of the yeast hem14 gene coding for protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the molecular target of diphenyl ether-type herbicides. | protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which catalyzes the oxygen-dependent aromatization of protoporphyrinogen ix to protoporphyrin ix, is the molecular target of diphenyl ether type herbicides. the structural gene for the yeast protoporphyrinogen oxidase, hem14, was isolated by functional complementation of a hem14-1 protoporphyrinogen oxidase-deficient yeast mutant, using a novel one-step colored screening procedure to identify heme-synthesizing cells. the hem14-1 mutation was genetically linked to ura3 ... | 1996 | 8621563 |
| the orphan nuclear hormone receptor lxr alpha interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and inhibits peroxisome proliferator signaling. | the yeast two-hybrid system was used to isolate novel cellular factors that interact with the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparalpha). one of the interacting clones isolated encoded lxralpha, a recently described human orphan nuclear hormone receptor. lxralpha bound directly to pparalpha, as well as to the common heterodimerization partner 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (rxralpha). lxralpha did not form a dna binding complex with pparalpha on synthetic hormone response e ... | 1996 | 8621574 |
| a reca-like gene in drosophila melanogaster that is expressed at high levels in female but not male meiotic tissues. | the reca protein is the central enzyme in prokaryotic recombination. it catalyzes pairing and strand exchange between homologous dna molecules, and functions in both dna repair and genetic recombination. the reca-like proteins rad51 and dmc1 of yeast are both required for meiotic recombination and the former is also necessary for repair of double-strand breaks in vegetative cells. genes encoding rad51 homologs have been isolated recently from several higher eukaryotes. this paper describes the i ... | 1996 | 8625736 |
| the nuclear localization signal of lymphoid enhancer factor-1 is recognized by two differentially expressed srp1-nuclear localization sequence receptor proteins. | proteins are directed to the nucleus by their nuclear localization sequences (nlss) in a multistep process. the first step, which is to dock the nls-containing protein to the nuclear pore, is carried out in part by a recently identified nls receptor named srp1/importin-alpha. using the high mobility group (hmg) dna binding domain of human lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (hlef-1) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified two different mouse srp1 proteins (pendulin/importin-alpha and msr ... | 1996 | 8631802 |
| the tc21 oncoprotein interacts with the ral guanosine nucleotide dissociation factor. | tc21 is a highly oncogenic member of the ras superfamily of small gtp binding proteins. we have used the yeast two hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with an oncogenic form of the tc21 protein. cdna clones encoding the carboxy-terminal region of the ralgds protein were isolated from human b-cell and hela cdna libraries. ralgds is an exchange factor that stimulates gdp dissociation from ral, another member of the ras superfamily of proteins. the interaction between ralgds to tc21 is ... | 1996 | 8637701 |
| a long-range regulatory element of hoxc8 identified by using the pclasper vector. | hox genes are located in highly conserved clusters. the significance of this organization is unclear, but one possibility is that regulatory regions for individual genes are dispersed throughout the cluster and shared with other hox genes. this hypothesis is supported by studies on several hox genes in which even large genomic regions immediately surrounding the gene fail to direct the complete expression pattern in transgenic mice. in particular, previous studies have identified proximal regula ... | 1996 | 8637890 |
| [progress of research on tumor suppressor genes]. | the multistage model of carcinogenesis during tumor progression requires that there should be consecutive genetic abnormalities of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. as is true of the protein products of oncogenes, tumor suppressor proteins are found to have various cellular functions. they are involved in the regulation of adhesion, cell-cell interaction, and cytoplasmic signal transducers as well as nuclear transcription factors. the recently identified hmsh2 (human muts homolog 2) gen ... | 1996 | 8641669 |
| effect of growth condition on in-vitro susceptibility of shigella dysenteriae type 1 killing by murine peritoneal macrophages. | the intracellular fate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains grown in casamino acid-yeast extract (cye) broth and nutrient broth (nb) was studied in casein-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. virulent strains 14731 and w30864 cultured in nb and opsonised with normal mouse serum were susceptible to killing by peritoneal macrophages (66 sem 1.7% killing by 2 h). in contrast, both strains grown in cye broth and opsonised with normal mouse serum showed resistance to killing by peritoneal macroph ... | 1996 | 8642582 |
| mechanism for transcriptional gain of function resulting from chromosomal translocation in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. | the t(2;13) translocation of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma results in tumor-specific expression of a chimeric transcription factor containing the n-terminal dna-binding domain of pax3 and the c-terminal transactivation domain of fkhr. here we have tested the hypothesis that pax3-fkhr gains function relative to pax3 as a consequence of switching pax3 and fkhr transactivation domains, which were previously shown to have similar potency but distinct structural motifs. in transient cotransfection assays ... | 1996 | 8643596 |
| trinucleotide repeats and long homopeptides in genes and proteins associated with nervous system disease and development. | several human neurological disorders are associated with proteins containing abnormally long runs of glutamine residues. strikingly, most of these proteins contain two or more additional long runs of amino acids other than glutamine. we screened the current human, mouse, drosophila, yeast, and escherichia coli protein sequence data bases and identified all proteins containing multiple long homopeptides. this search found multiple long homopeptides in about 12% of drosophila proteins but in only ... | 1996 | 8643671 |
| the hormone responsive region of mouse mammary tumor virus positions a nucleosome and precludes access of nuclear factor i to the promoter. | the mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) promoter is transcriptionally silent prior to hormonal induction, partly because its organization into phased nucleosomes precludes access of transcription factors to their cognate sites. a t47d-derived cell line carrying a single integrated copy of the mmtv promoter exhibited a positioned nucleosome, which prevented binding of nuclear factor i (nfi). to study the molecular mechanisms controlling promoter accessibility we have made use of a strong chimeric tr ... | 1996 | 8645614 |
| characterization of the functional gene encoding mouse class iii alcohol dehydrogenase (glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase) and an unexpressed processed pseudogene with an intact open reading frame. | multiple forms of vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) have been identified, but only one form, class iii adh, has been conserved in all organisms studied. class iii adh functions in vitro as a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which suggests that this was the original function that drove the evolution of adh. genetic analysis of class iii adh in yeast supports this view, but such studies are lacking in higher eukaryotes. the mouse adh family has been previously analyzed and it ... | 1996 | 8647091 |
| a mouse fas-associated protein with homology to the human mort1/fadd protein is essential for fas-induced apoptosis. | the fas cell surface receptor belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and can initiate apoptosis in a variety of cell types. using the fas cytoplasmic domain as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated a mouse cdna encoding a 205-amino-acid protein. its predicted protein sequence shows 68% identity and 80% similarity with the sequence of recently described human mort/fadd. this protein, most likely the mouse homolog of human fadd, associates with fas in vivo only upon the i ... | 1996 | 8649383 |
| complementation of the beige mutation in cultured cells by episomally replicating murine yeast artificial chromosomes. | chédiak-higashi syndrome in man and the beige mutation of mice are phenotypically similar disorders that have profound effects upon lysosome and melanosome morphology and function. we isolated two murine yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) that, when introduced into beige mouse fibroblasts, complement the beige mutation. the complementing yacs exist as extrachromosomal elements that are amplified in high concentrations of g418. when yac-complemented beige cells were fused to human chédiak-higash ... | 1996 | 8650191 |
| rhotekin, a new putative target for rho bearing homology to a serine/threonine kinase, pkn, and rhophilin in the rho-binding domain. | using a mouse embryo cdna library, we conducted a two-hybrid screening to identify new partners for the small gtpase rho. one clone obtained by this procedure contained a novel cdna of 291 base pairs and interacted strongly with rhoa and rhoc, weakly with rhob, and not at all with rac1 and cdc42hs. full-length cdnas were then isolated from a mouse brain library. while multiple splicing variants were common, we identified three cdnas with an identical open reading frame encoding a 61-kda protein ... | 1996 | 8662891 |
| mouse p170 is a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase containing a c2 domain. | phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinases catalyze the formation of 3'-phosphoinositides, which appear to promote cellular responses to growth factors and such membrane trafficking events as insulin-stimulated translocation of intracellular glucose transporters. we report here the cloning of a novel pi 3-kinase, p170, from cdna of insulin-sensitive mouse 3t3-l1 adipocytes. mouse p170 utilizes pi and to a limited extent pi 4-p as substrates, in contrast to the pi-specific yeast vps34 homolog ptdins 3-k ... | 1996 | 8663140 |
| cloning and chromosomal localization of a mouse cdna with homology to the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene zuotin. | the eukaryotic dnaj homologs form a family of proteins with diverse functions. one member of the family, the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene zuotin, was isolated for its ability to bind z-dna. here, we have isolated a mouse cdna called zrf1 (for zuotin-related factor1) with significant homology to zuotin. the dnaj domain and candidate phosphorylation sites of zuotin and zrf1 are highly conserved. zrf1 gene is localized on chromosome 5. the structural similarity of zuotin and zrf1 suggests conserva ... | 1995 | 8666407 |
| identification of signalling proteins interacting with b-raf in the yeast two-hybrid system. | recent studies suggested the existence of ras/b-raf/ mek-1 complexes and a critical role for b-raf in regulating the map kinase/erks signalling pathway. we report, here, that both ras and mek-1 proteins interact physically with b-raf proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. in addition, by screening a mouse brain cdna library, we isolated additional b-raf interacting proteins. these include three members of the 14-3-3 proteins family (eta, theta and zeta) and the mek-2 protein. we also show that ... | 1996 | 8668348 |
| antisense inhibition of the rad51 enhances radiosensitivity. | the mammalian rad51 gene is a homologue of the yeast rad51 and e. coli reca genes, which are involved in recombination and dna repair. we examined the role of rad51 protein in mouse cells using rad51 antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (odns). the extraluminal delivery of 50 nm or 100 nm of antisense odns with lipofection to mouse cells resulted 90% suppression of rad51 protein expression. the antisense odns significantly inhibited the cell growth and the treated cells became more sensit ... | 1996 | 8670299 |
| involvement of mouse mlh1 in dna mismatch repair and meiotic crossing over. | mice that are deficient in either the pms2 or msh2 dna mismatch repair genes have microsatellite instability and a predisposition to tumours. interestingly, pms2-deficient males display sterility associated with abnormal chromosome pairing in meiosis. here mice deficient in another mismatch repair gene, mlh1, possess not only microsatellite instability but are also infertile (both males and females). mlh1-deficient spermatocytes exhibit high levels of prematurely separated chromosomes and arrest ... | 1996 | 8673133 |
| comparative mapping on the mouse x chromosome defines a myotubular myopathy equivalent region. | the gene for x-linked myotubular myopathy (mtm1) has been localized to a 300-kb critical region in human xq28 between ids and gabra3. as part of an effort to clone this gene, we developed a yac contig on the mouse x chromosome (chr) which includes loci homologous to those within the human mtm1 critical region. the murine contig consists of 18 yacs and spans 2.5-3.0 mb. we have aligned the human and murine physical maps by isolating conserved mouse genomic fragments, including cpg islands and tra ... | 1996 | 8678976 |
| genetic mapping and embryonic expression of a novel, maternally transcribed gene mem3. | to study the molecular function of genes expressed during preimplantation development, we isolated a novel maternal transcript ssec (stage specific embryonic cdna)-26 from a partial subtraction library of mouse unfertilized eggs and preimplantation embryos. the ssec-26 transcript is abundant in the unfertilized egg and also actively transcribed from the newly formed zygotic genome. on the basis of its expression in eggs and embryos, this new mouse gene is named mem (maternal-embryonic) 3. the ge ... | 1996 | 8678978 |
| sequence and expression pattern of an evolutionarily conserved transcript identified by gene trapping. | we have isolated and analysed embryonic stem (es) cell clones after electroporation with a gene trap vector. clones were screened for changes in their lacz reporter gene activity upon in vitro differentiation. the cdna of one of the trapped transcripts, t10-2a2, was isolated and analysed in detail. although not expressed constitutively in differentiating es cells, the transcript was present in most organs of adult mice and widely expressed in midgestation mouse embryos. zoo blot analysis indicat ... | 1996 | 8688464 |
| targeted disruption of the rad51 gene leads to lethality in embryonic mice. | the mouse rad51 gene is a mammalian homologue of the escherichia coli reca and yeast rad51 genes, both of which are involved in homologous recombination and dna repair. to elucidate the physiological role of rad51 protein, the gene was targeted in embryonic stem (es) cells. mice heterozygous for the rad51 null mutation were intercrossed and their offspring were genotyped. there were no homozygous (rad51-/-) pups among 148 neonates examined but a few rad51-/- embryos were identified when examined ... | 1996 | 8692798 |
| cloning, expression pattern and mapping to 12p 13.2 --> p13.1 of claps3, a gene encoding a novel clathrin-adaptor small chain. | from a human fetal-brain cdna library we isolated a novel gene encoding a peptide homologous to clathrin-adaptor small chains in rat, mouse, and yeast. the cdna, designated claps3 (clathrin-associated/assembly/adaptor protein, small 3, 22 kda), contained an open reading frame of 579 nucleotides encoding 193 amino acids. northern-blot analysis revealed expression of a 1.35-kb transcript in all human tissues examined. this gene was mapped to chromosome bands 12p13.2 --> p13.1 by fish. | 1996 | 8697810 |
| rn-tre identifies a family of tre-related proteins displaying a novel potential protein binding domain. | eps8 is a recently identified sh3-containing substrate for tyrosine kinase receptors. to understand the role of eps8 in receptor-mediated signaling, we cloned cdnas encoding proteins that bind to its sh3 domain. one of these cdnas predicts the synthesis of an 828 amino acid protein with homology to the n-terminal region of the tre oncogene. we designated this protein rn-tre for related to the n-terminus of tre. rn-tre is ubiquitously expressed and maps to 10p13, a region known to be involved in ... | 1996 | 8700515 |
| synthesis and cleavage- secretion of enzymatically active rabbit angiotensin-converting enzyme in pichia pastoris. | many biologically important ectoproteins that are anchored in the plasma membrane via a hydrophobic domain undergo a proteolytic cleavage process, which releases the ectodomain to the extracellular milieu in a regulated fashion. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) is one such protein that is secreted from human and mouse cells by its cleavage at one of two alternative sites in the ectodomain. here, we report similar cleavage-secretion of ace in the yeast pichia pastoris. the cleavage site used i ... | 1996 | 8702467 |
| prk, a cytokine-inducible human protein serine/threonine kinase whose expression appears to be down-regulated in lung carcinomas. | we have cloned and characterized a putative protein serine/threonine kinase termed prk through a combination of polymerase chain reaction and conventional cdna library screening approaches. there are apparently two distinct domains within prk protein deduced from its nucleotide sequences. the amino-terminal portion has the feature of the catalytic domain of a serine/threonine kinase and shows strong homology to mouse fnk and other polo family kinases including mouse snk, human and murine plk, dr ... | 1996 | 8702627 |
| two yeast homologs of eca39, a target for c-myc regulation, code for cytosolic and mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases. | eca39 was isolated as a target gene for c-myc regulation in mice. we identified two homologs for the murine eca39 in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, eca39 and eca40, as well as two human homologs. these genes show a significant homology to prokaryotic branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (bcat) (ec). to understand the function of eukaryotic eca39 and eca40, we deleted either gene from the yeast genome. activity of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase was measured in the wild-type ... | 1996 | 8702755 |
| mapping of pax-2 transcription activation domains. | pax genes encode transcription factors known to play crucial roles during the development of specific embryonic tissues. in humans and mice, several abnormalities have been linked to deficiencies in pax gene dosage, indicating that normal development is particularly sensitive to the level of pax gene expression. despite these facts, relatively little is known about how these proteins act as transcriptional regulators. in this study we define the transactivation domains of murine pax-2, an essent ... | 1996 | 8702876 |
| retinoid x receptor isotype identity directs human vitamin d receptor heterodimer transactivation from the 24-hydroxylase vitamin d response elements in yeast. | unlike estrogen and progesterone receptors that operate as homodimers on response elements, retinoid x receptors (rxrs) and vitamin d receptors (vdrs) can function as heterodimers. studies concerning the significance of heterodimeric partnerships are usually performed utilizing mammalian or insect cells. these cells express endogenous nuclear receptors, making it impossible to assign a role for one receptor subtype over another while studying the function of transfected receptor(s). yeast lacks ... | 1996 | 8721985 |
| a novel ty1-mediated fragmentation method for native and artificial yeast chromosomes reveals that the mouse steel gene is a hotspot for ty1 integration. | we have developed a powerful new tool for the physical analysis of genomes called ty1-mediated chromosomal fragmentation and have used the method to map 24-retrotransposon insertions into two different mouse-derived yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs). expression of a plasmid-encoded gal1:ty1 fusion element marked with the retrotransposition indicator gene, ade2ai, resulted in a high fraction of cells that sustained a single ty1 insertion marked with ade2. strains in which ty1ade2 inserted into ... | 1996 | 8725218 |
| mapping a conserved conformational epitope from the m protein of group a streptococci. | the carboxyl terminus of the m protein of group a streptococci (gas) is highly conserved and contains epitopes that have been shown to induce opsonic antibodies and protection against gas infection. this region of the protein can also stimulate t cells, which can react in vitro with heart antigens. since different segments of the carboxyl terminus may be involved in immunity to gas and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease (rheumatic heart disease), it is important to precisely define critic ... | 1996 | 8727479 |
| physical interaction between a novel domain of the receptor notch and the transcription factor rbp-j kappa/su(h). | the mammalian transcription factor rbp-j kappa binds to the dna sequence motif cgtgggaa and is involved in the regulation of gene expression; for example, it plays a part in the transactivation of viral and cellular genes by epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen-2. the drosophila homologue of rbp-j kappa is the product of the suppressor of hairless (su(h)) gene. su(h) is a neurogenic gene that acts downstream of notch, which encodes a cell-surface receptor. furthermore, in the mouse, the phenotypes ... | 1995 | 8749394 |
| genomic structure, chromosome location, and alternative splicing of the human nkg2a gene. | a cosmid containing the human nkg2a gene was isolated. the gene was partially sequenced, revealing 7 exons, including one 5' untranslated exon. the 54 base pair exon 5 was missing in the published cdna clone nkg2b, consistent with the existence of differential splicing. this was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of total rna from normal lymphocytes. the nkg2a gene was mapped by fish to chromosome 12p12. 3-p13.1 in proximity to the cd69 and prp genes. these data support ... | 1996 | 8753859 |
| is gamma-actin a regulator of amino acid transport? | a mutated yeast cell line incapable of growth in minimal medium with proline as the sole nitrogen source was restored to normal growth by transfection with a cdna from mouse ehrlich cells. the cloned cdna (e51) was found to be 90% homologous to gamma-actin. immediately after transfection with e51 cdna, both alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib) and proline uptake in the mutated yeast were increased, particularly at ph 5. the expression of the same e51 cdna also enhanced amino acid uptake in xenopus l ... | 1996 | 8764147 |
| the mouse immunoglobulin kappa locus contains about 140 variable gene segments. | in continuation of our efforts to elucidate the immunoglobulin kappa locus of the mouse we analyzed 46 yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) containing v kappa, j kappa and c kappa genes. the yacs, which were derived from dna of c57bl/6 and c3h mice, ranged from 0.3-1.9 mb in size. on the basis of hybridization with probes specific for the v kappa gene families a group of 13 yacs was selected for detailed analysis. the v kappa genes of the yacs were then characterized by hybridization to the famil ... | 1996 | 8766569 |
| review: the cct eukaryotic chaperonin subunits of saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts. | all eight of the cct1-cct8 genes encoding the subunits of the cct chaperonin complex in saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified, including three that were uncovered by the systematic sequencing of the yeast genome. although most of the properties of the eukaryotic cct chaperonin have been elucidated with mammalian systems in vitro, studies with s. cerevisiae conditional mutants revealed that cct is required for assembly of microtubules and actin in vivo. cct subunits from the other yeasts, ... | 1996 | 8771707 |
| isolation and characterization of the human and mouse homologues (supt4h and supt4h) of the yeast spt4 gene. | to study gene regulation mediated by chromatin in mammals, we isolated the human (supt4h) and murine (supt4h) counterparts of the yeast gene encoding spt4; the product of this gene presumably interacts with the products of the mammalian homologues (which we have also cloned) of yeast spt5 and spt6, thereby modulating chromatin formation and activity. we isolated two different sized human supt4h cdna clones (1464 and 728 nt) and one murine supt4h (688 nt) cdna clone; all three encode the same 117 ... | 1996 | 8786137 |
| the pfmdr1 gene of plasmodium falciparum confers cellular resistance to antimalarial drugs in yeast cells. | the exact role of the pfmdr1 gene in the emergence of drug resistance in the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum remains controversial. pfmdr1 is a member of the atp binding cassette (abc) superfamily of transporters that includes the mammalian p-glycoprotein family. we have introduced wild-type and mutant variants of the pfmdr1 gene in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and have analyzed the effect of pfmdr1 expression on cellular resistance to quinoline-containing antimalarial drugs. yeast ... | 1996 | 8790436 |
| beta-catenin associates with the actin-bundling protein fascin in a noncadherin complex. | catenins were first characterized as linking the cytoplasmic domains of cadherin cell-cell adhesion molecules to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. in addition to their essential role in modulating cadherin adhesivity, catenins have more recently been indicated to participate in cell and developmental signaling pathways. beta-catenin, for example, associates directly with at least two receptor tyrosine kinases and transduces developmental signals within the wnt pathway. catenins also complex with ... | 1996 | 8794867 |
| molecular identification of a putative human hyaluronan synthase. | to identify the putative mammalian hyaluronan synthase, we cloned a human cdna that is related to the streptococcus hyaluronan synthase (hasa) and the xenopus developmental protein dg42 which has been shown to have chitin synthase activity. the cdna, for which we propose the name has2, encodes a novel protein with a predicted molecular mass of 63.6 kda. has2 shows 55% amino acid identity with xenopus dg42 and 52% identity with the mouse has protein, another putative hyaluronan synthase recently ... | 1996 | 8798477 |
| induction of the mouse ribonucleotide reductase r1 and r2 genes in response to dna damage by uv light. | ribonucleotide reductase is responsible for the production of deoxyribonucleotides required for dna synthesis and consists of two nonidentical subunits, proteins r1 and r2. here we show that the r1 promoter can be induced up to 3-fold, and the r2 promoter is induced up to 10-fold by uv light in a dose-dependent manner. this was demonstrated using serum-starved, synchronized g0/g1 mouse fibroblast 3t3 cells stably transformed with different r1 and r2 promoter-luciferase reporter gene constructs. ... | 1996 | 8798592 |
| physical analysis of the region deleted in the tw18 allele of the mouse tcl-4 complementation group. | we have generated a yac contig of at least 3.3 mb from the proximal region of in(17)4 of mouse chromosome 17. this region corresponds to dna lost in the gastrulation mutant tw18, which belongs to the tcl-4 complementation group. our most proximal and distal probes lie within the deletion-3.3 mb apart-indicating that we have not cloned the entire region. the deleted region is contained in a genetic interval of less than 1 cm, suggesting that some suppression of recombination must occur. | 1996 | 8812414 |
| surfeit locus gene homologs are widely distributed in invertebrate genomes. | the mouse surfeit locus contains six sequence-unrelated genes (surf-1 to -6) arranged in the tightest gene cluster so far described for mammals. the organization and juxtaposition of five of the surfeit genes (surf-1 to -5) are conserved between mammals and birds, and this may reflect a functional or regulatory requirement for the gene clustering. we have undertaken an evolutionary study to determine whether the surfeit genes are conserved and clustered in invertebrate genomes. drosophila melano ... | 1996 | 8816471 |
| isolation of two novel cdnas whose products associate with the amino terminus of the e2f1 transcription factor. | the amino terminus of the e2f1 transcription factor is a protein-protein interaction domain since it associates with cyclin a/cdk2. here, the two-hybrid yeast screen was used to clone genes whose products associate with the amino terminus of e2f1. the amino-terminal 121 amino acids of e2f1 were fused to the lex a binding domain while a partial length cdna library from the embryo of a 12 day old mouse was fused to the vp16 activation domain. following coexpression of these fusions in yeast, two n ... | 1996 | 8823166 |
| a family of hsp60-related proteins in pancreatic beta cells of non-obese diabetic (nod) mice. | eukaryotic hsp60s are plastid-specific molecular chaperones implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. we have used immunoelectron microscopy, immunoblotting and subcellular fractionation of islet cells to determine whether analogous proteins with related function are expressed in other cellular structures and whether such hsp60-related proteins could serve as antigenic targets in autoimmune diabetes. using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to huma ... | 1995 | 8824711 |
| maternal-specific methylation of the human igf2r gene is not accompanied by allele-specific transcription. | the human insulin-like growth factor type 2 receptor gene (igf2r) is biallelically expressed in a variety of fetal and adult tissues. in contrast, the imprinted mouse igf2r gene is expressed exclusively from the maternally inherited chromosome. the mouse gene contains two cpg islands that are methylated in a parent-specific manner. methylation of the cpg island in the promoter region occurs on the repressed paternal gene copy. methylation of the cpg island in intron 2 is specific for the active ... | 1996 | 8824797 |
| molecular cloning of a highly conserved mouse and human integral membrane protein (itm1) and genetic mapping to mouse chromosome 9. | we have isolated and characterized a novel cdna coding for a highly hydrophobic protein (b5) from a fetal mouse mandibular condyle cdna library. the full-length mouse b5 cdna is 3095 nucleotides long and contains a potential open reading frame coding for a protein of 705 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 80.5 kda. the b5 mrna is differentially polyadenylated, with the most abundant transcript having a length of 2.7 kb. the human homolog of b5 was isolated from a cdna testis libra ... | 1996 | 8838310 |
| ott, a mouse x-linked multigene family expressed specifically during meiosis. | the tissue expression patterns of 10 mouse testis cdnas were analysed by rt-pcr to search for new mammalian meiotic genes. the homologue of the rat synaptonemal complex protein gene scp1 is expressed in embryonic ovary, adult brain and testis. one novel gene is stringently testis specific and another is expressed exclusively in testis and embryonic ovary. the latter clone is not expressed in the testes of adult sex-reversed mice which lack germ cells, and therefore represents a meiosis-specific ... | 1996 | 8842733 |
| p450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature. | we provide here a list of 481 p450 genes and 22 pseudogenes, plus all accession numbers that have been reported as of october 18, 1995. these genes have been described in 85 eukaryote (including vertebrates, invertebrates, fungi, and plants) and 20 prokaryote species. of 74 gene families so far described, 14 families exist in all mammals examined to date. these 14 families comprise 26 mammalian subfamilies, of which 20 and 15 have been mapped in the human genome and the mouse genome, respectivel ... | 1996 | 8845856 |
| mammalian orthologues of a yeast regulator of nonsense transcript stability. | all eukaryotes that have been studied to date possess the ability to detect and degrade transcripts that contain a premature signal for the termination of translation. this process of nonsense-mediated rna decay has been most comprehensively studied in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae where at least three trans-acting factors (upf1p through upf3p) are required. we have cloned cdnas encoding human and murine homologues of upf1p, termed rent1 (regulator of nonsense transcripts). rent1 is the fir ... | 1996 | 8855285 |
| removal and restoration of epithelial chloride secretory activity of kinins by gene manipulation. | kinins are known to stimulate electrogenic chloride secretion in many mammalian epithelia, including those of the airways and the alimentary tract. in this study the chloride secretory activity of lysylbradykinin (lbk) on murine colonic epithelium has been examined, specifically to discover the primary and final effector mechanisms in this process, i.e., which kinin receptors are involved and which chloride channels are responsible for chloride secretion. the approach used was to modify the mice ... | 1996 | 8856153 |
| taxi/uas: a molecular switch to control expression of genes in vivo. | numerous therapies and biological questions could be addressed in mammals by the application of a molecular switch that would allow physicians and/or investigators to turn individual genes on or off during the lifetime of the organism. we have constructed such a switch, composed of three elements: (i) an inducible promoter that is normally absent from mammalian genomes; (ii) a receptor that, when it is bound to an inducer drug, specifically activates transcription from the inducible promoter; an ... | 1996 | 8860833 |
| molecular cloning of the cdna of mouse mitochondrial nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and the expression of the gene during lymphocyte activation. | the current report documents the molecular cloning of the mouse mitochondrial nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (mnadp-idh) cdna. the cdna was 1,863 bp in length and contained one open reading frame encoding a 523-residue polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 58 kda. the cdna and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of the mouse mnadp-idh had a high degree of homology with those of porcine, bovine, alfalfa, and yeast. the recombinant mnadp-idh expressed in escherichia coli had a ... | 1996 | 8867815 |
| centromeric locations in karyotypes: a rule derived from the theory of branched polymers. | it is believed that chromosomes occupy non-overlapping domains in the interphase nucleus, and that the nuclear volume can be divided into the interchromosomal space and the chromosome domains. concentrations of various components (e.g., small ions) are different in these compartments. since nuclear volume is twice as large in g2 as in g1 phase, v2/v1 (the g2/g1 ratio of total chromosomal volumes) must be two in order to keep the interchromosomal concentrations unchanged. the aim of this study is ... | 1996 | 8869128 |
| natural resistance to intracellular infections: nramp1 encodes a membrane phosphoglycoprotein absent in macrophages from susceptible (nramp1 d169) mouse strains. | the mouse nramp1 gene (bcg/ity/lsh) controls innate defense to infection with intracellular parasites such as mycobacterium, salmonella, and leishmania. sequence analysis of nramp1 predicts a hydrophobic, membrane-associated protein expressed exclusively in monocyte/macrophage lineages. a single g169d substitution within the fourth predicted transmembrane domain of nramp1 is associated with susceptibility to infection (bcg) in inbred mouse strains. to initiate the biochemical characterization of ... | 1996 | 8871656 |
| detection of clostridium botulinum in fish and environmental samples using polymerase chain reaction. | a test protocol for the detection and enumeration of clostridium botulinum in fish and sediment samples with specific identification of neurotoxin types a, b, e and f was developed. specific amplification products generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) formed the basis of identification of the toxin-producing organism, whereas quantification of the results was achieved with the most probable number (mpn) method. twenty-six c. botulinum strains studied with pcr assays after enrichment in tr ... | 1996 | 8880323 |
| is there a human [psi]? | the yeast sup35p protein which is responsible for the [psi] phenotype, is a gtp-binding protein involved in translation termination. it was suggested recently that the [psi] determinant has prion-like properties that were localized in the 114 n-terminal amino acids of the protein. in this study, we show that the 5' end of the human sup35 gene open reading frame is longer than previously reported by 138 codons. this n-terminal sequence presents similarities with the n-terminus of s. cerevisiae su ... | 1996 | 8881282 |
| target gene identification: target specific transcriptional activation by three murine homeodomain/vp16 hybrid proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the mammalian homeodomain proteins encoded by hox genes play an important role in embryonic development by providing positional queues which define developmental identities along the anteroposterior axis of developing organisms. these proteins bind dna specifically through their homeodomain to sequences containing atta cores, and thereby are thought to exert their effect regulating downstream genes. little is known about the specificity of binding of homeodomain proteins to their sequences and t ... | 1996 | 8882492 |
| interaction of d-type cyclins with a novel myb-like transcription factor, dmp1. | the cyclin d-dependent kinases cdk4 and cdk6 trigger phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (rb) late in g1 phase, helping to cancel its growth-suppressive function and thereby facilitating s-phase entry. although specific inhibition of cyclin d-dependent kinase activity in vivo can prevent cells from entering s phase, it does not affect s-phase entry in cells lacking functional rb, implying that rb may be the only substrate of cdk4 and cdk6 whose phosphorylation is necessary for g1 exit. ... | 1996 | 8887674 |
| p53-dependent association between cyclin g and the b' subunit of protein phosphatase 2a. | we and others previously showed that cyclin g is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. however, cellular proteins which might form a complex with cyclin g have not yet been identified. to gain insight into the biological role of cyclin g, we used the yeast two-hybrid screen and isolated two mouse cdnas encoding cyclin g-interacting proteins. interestingly, both positive cdnas encoded b' regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a). one clone encodes b'alpha, while ... | 1996 | 8887688 |
| the toxic milk mouse is a murine model of wilson disease. | wilson disease (wd) is an autosomal recessive defect of copper transport characterized by massive accumulation of copper in the liver, which can lead to liver failure. mutations in a copper transporting atpase (wnd or atp7b) have been shown to cause the disease. the toxic milk mouse mutant (tx) accumulates copper in the liver in a manner similar to that observed in patients with wd. however, some physiological differences between tx mice and human wd patients have cast doubts on whether this mut ... | 1996 | 8894697 |
| three distinct domains in the hox-11 homeobox oncoprotein are required for optimal transactivation. | hox-11 (tcl-3) is a homeobox oncogene isolated from the breakpoint region of the t(10;14) chromosomal translocation recurring in t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. here we demonstrate that the hox-11 homeoprotein mediates transactivation of reporter genes through various promoters in both mammalian and yeast cells. by deletion analysis, the transactivation domains of hox-11 have been mapped to three amino acid stretches in the homeoprotein, the glycine-proline-rich region at the amino terminus ... | 1996 | 8895525 |
| direct inhibition of the signaling functions of the mammalian target of rapamycin by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and ly294002. | the immunosuppressant, rapamycin, inhibits cell growth by interfering with the function of a novel kinase, termed mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor). the putative catalytic domain of mtor is similar to those of mammalian and yeast phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinases. this study demonstrates that mtor is a component of a cytokine-triggered protein kinase cascade leading to the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-4e (eif-4e) binding protein, phas-1, in activated t lymphocytes. th ... | 1996 | 8895571 |
| differentiation-dependent enhanced expression of protein phosphatase 2cbeta in germ cells of mouse seminiferous tubules. | the presence of five distinct isoforms of protein phosphatase 2cbeta (pp2cbeta-1 approximately -5) is known. in this study, we demonstrate that the mrna levels of pp2cbeta-3, -4 and -5 and pp2cbeta protein level increased during the course of the first wave of spermatogenesis in neonatal mouse testis. northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that pp2cbeta-3, -4 and -5 were expressed predominantly in pachytene spermatocytes and in more highly differentiated germ cells. the substr ... | 1996 | 8915006 |
| the roles of telomeres and telomerase in cell life span. | telomeres cap and protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation and illegitimate recombination. the termini of a linear template cannot, however, be completely replicated by conventional dna-dependent dna polymerases, and thus in the absence of a mechanisms to counter this effect, telomeres of eukaryotic cells shorten every round of dna replication. in humans and possibly other higher eukaryotes, telomere shortening may have been adopted to limit the life span of somatic cells. human somatic ... | 1996 | 8921986 |
| isolation and characterization of several members of the murine hsd3b gene family. | the enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 betahsd) is essential for all steroid hormone biosynthesis. six distinct 3 betahsd cdnas in the mouse (3 betahsd i-vi) have been isolated previously. this study reports the isolation of genes or partial genes encoding the 3 betahsdi, ii, iii, and iv isoforms. characterization of the genes revealed that they consist of four exons, the same structure that has been observed for characterized human 3 betahsd genes. primer extension and nuclease s1 an ... | 1996 | 8924213 |
| long-range map of a 3.5-mb region in xp11.23-22 with a sequence-ready map from a 1.1-mb gene-rich interval. | most of the yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) isolated from the xp11.23-22 region have shown instability and chimerism and are not a reliable resource for determining physical distances. we therefore constructed a long-range pulsed-field gel electrophoresis map that encompasses approximately 3.5 mb of genomic dna between the loci timp and dxs146 including a cpg-rich region around the wasp and tfe-3 gene loci. a combined yac-cosmid contig was constructed along the genomic map and was used for f ... | 1996 | 8938429 |
| restricted expression of a novel murine atonal-related bhlh protein in undifferentiated neural precursors. | tissue-specific bhlh proteins play important roles in the specification and differentiation of neural cell lineages in invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. two groups of bhlh proteins, atonal and achaete-scute, have proneural activities in drosophila, and the mouse achaete-scute homolog mash1 is required for the differentiation of several neural lineages. in a screen for proteins interacting with mash1, we have isolated a novel bhlh protein related to atonal, named math4a, which is broadly exp ... | 1996 | 8948587 |