| acute-phase responses in healthy and diseased rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | five acute-phase reactants-serum amyloid a (saa), c-reactive protein (crp), haptoglobin, albumin, and iron-were measured using commercially available assays in 110 healthy rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), and reference intervals were established for future use in health monitoring of this species. reference intervals established were as follows: saa, 29.5-87.7 mg/l; crp, 0-17.5 mg/l; haptoglobin, 354.3-2,414.7 mg/ l; albumin, 36.1-53.0 g/l; and iron, 13.3-40.2 micromol/l. furthermore, changes i ... | 2014 | 25000691 |
| defining features of protective cd4 t cell responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | cd4 t cells are critical for control of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection and represent the best hope for vaccine-elicited protection. however, little is understood about the properties of mtb-specific cd4 t cells that mediate control, and the lack of correlates of protection present a significant barrier to the rational development of new vaccination and therapeutic strategies which are sorely needed. here we discuss the features of protective cd4 t cells including recent evidence for ... | 2014 | 25000593 |
| apoptotic neutrophils augment the inflammatory response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human macrophages. | macrophages in the lung are the primary cells being infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) during the initial manifestation of tuberculosis. since the adaptive immune response to mtb is delayed, innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils mount the early immune protection against this intracellular pathogen. neutrophils are short-lived cells and removal of apoptotic cells by resident macrophages is a key event in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. since anti-infl ... | 2014 | 25000410 |
| mpt64 protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits apoptosis of macrophages through nf-kb-mirna21-bcl-2 pathway. | mpt64 is one of the secreted proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis. little is known about its role in infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. in this study, we demonstrated that mpt64 could dose-dependently inhibit the apoptosis of raw264.7 macrophages induced by ppd-bcg. quantitative real-time pcr results showed that the expression of bcl-2 increased in macrophages treated with mpt64 compared with ppd-treated cells. furthermore, the results provided strong evidence that bcl-2 up-regulation ... | 2014 | 25000291 |
| how sisters grow apart: mycobacterial growth and division. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, owes much of its success as a pathogen to its unique cell wall and unusual mechanism of growth, which facilitate its adaptation to the human host and could have a role in clinical latency. asymmetric growth and division increase population heterogeneity, which may promote antibiotic tolerance and the fitness of single cells. in this review, we describe the unusual mechanisms of mycobacterial growth, cell wall biogenesis ... | 2014 | 24998739 |
| pharmacologically active metabolites, combination screening and target identification-driven drug repositioning in antituberculosis drug discovery. | there has been renewed interest in alternative strategies to address bottlenecks in antibiotic development. these include the repurposing of approved drugs for use as novel anti-infective agents, or their exploitation as leads in drug repositioning. such approaches are especially attractive for tuberculosis (tb), a disease which remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally and, increasingly, is associated with the emergence of drug-resistance. in this review article, we introduce ... | 2014 | 24997576 |
| higher specificity of tuberculin skin test compared with quantiferon-tb gold for detection of exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 2014 | 24997053 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antimycobacterial activity of new benzimidazole aminoesters. | a total of 51 novel benzimidazoles were synthesized by a 4-step reaction starting from basic compound 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid under relatively mild reaction conditions. the structure of the novel benzimidazoles was confirmed by mass spectra as well as (1)h nmr spectroscopic data. out of the 51 novel synthesized compounds, 42 of them were screened for their antimycobacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain using bactiter-glo™ microbial cell viability (btg) method. re ... | 2015 | 24996257 |
| tuberculous otitis with proteus mirabilis co-infection: an unsuspected presentation encountered in clinical practice. | tuberculosis, a contagious bacterial disease which is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily involves the lungs.though pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) is the commonest clinical presentation, there is a need for alertness towards uncommon presentations which involve other organs. tuberculous otitis media (tom) is one such rare presentation seen in paediatric practice. it is characterized by painless otorrhoea which fails to respond to the routine antibacterial treatment. tom usually occurs ... | 2014 | 24995225 |
| draft genome sequence of the rifamycin producer amycolatopsis rifamycinica dsm 46095. | amycolatopsis rifamycinica dsm 46095 is an actinobacterium that produces rifamycin sv, an antibiotic used against mycobacterium tuberculosis. here, we present the draft genome of dsm 46095, which harbors a novel rifamycin polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster (rif pks) that differed by 10% in nucleotide sequence from the already reported rif pks cluster of amycolatopsis mediterranei s699. | 2014 | 24994803 |
| neutrophils from pulmonary tuberculosis patients show augmented levels of chemokines mip-1α, il-8 and mcp-1 which further increase upon in vitro infection with mycobacterial strains. | neutrophils being innate cells initiate the immune defence against mycobacteria by sending signals to other immune cells. chemokines being the vital link in signaling processes, it is of interest to study their secretion by neutrophils as a response to tuberculosis infection. the levels of various chemokines (mip-1α, mcp-1, il-8 and ip-10) and chemokine receptors (cxcr1, cxcr2 and ccr1) in neutrophils from healthy individuals and pulmonary tuberculosis patients were studied following infection w ... | 2014 | 24994463 |
| the frequencies of ifnγ+il2+tnfα+ ppd-specific cd4+cd45ro+ t-cells correlate with the magnitude of the quantiferon® gold in-tube response in a prospective study of healthy indian adolescents. | quantiferon-tb gold in-tube (qft) is an ifnγ-release assay used in the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection. the risk of tb progression increases with the magnitude of the mtb-specific ifnγ-response. qft reversion, also associated with low tuberculin skin test responses, may therefore represent a transient immune response with control of m. tuberculosis infection. however, studies at the single cell level have suggested that the quality (polyfunctionality) of the t-cell respon ... | 2014 | 24992314 |
| evolutionarily distinct versions of the multidomain enzyme α-isopropylmalate synthase share discrete mechanisms of v-type allosteric regulation. | understanding the evolution of allostery in multidomain enzymes remains an important step in improving our ability to identify and exploit structure-function relationships in allosteric mechanisms. a recent protein similarity network for the dre-tim metallolyase superfamily indicated there are two evolutionarily distinct forms of the enzyme α-isopropylmalate synthase (ipms) sharing approximately 20% sequence identity. ipms from mycobacterium tuberculosis has been extensively characterized with r ... | 2014 | 24991690 |
| critical ventriculo-peritoneal shunt failure due to peritoneal tuberculosis: case report and diagnostic suggestions for abdominal pseudocyst. | tuberculous peritonitis (tbp) is a well-known complication of ventriculo-peritoneal (vp) shunt treatment for hydrocephalus resulting from tuberculous meningitis (tbm). however, a case of hydrocephalus unrelated to tbm resulting from vp shunt malfunction due to tbp has not been reported. | 2014 | 24991474 |
| host-directed therapy of tuberculosis based on interleukin-1 and type i interferon crosstalk. | tuberculosis remains second only to hiv/aids as the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to a single infectious agent. despite chemotherapy, the global tuberculosis epidemic has intensified because of hiv co-infection, the lack of an effective vaccine and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. alternative host-directed strategies could be exploited to improve treatment efficacy and outcome, contain drug-resistant strains and reduce disease severity and mortality. the innate inflamma ... | 2014 | 24990750 |
| enhancement of tumor-specific t cell-mediated immunity in dendritic cell-based vaccines by mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein x. | despite the potential for stimulation of robust antitumor immunity by dendritic cells (dcs), clinical applications of dc-based immunotherapy are limited by the low potency in generating tumor ag-specific t cell responses. therefore, optimal conditions for generating potent immunostimulatory dcs that overcome tolerance and suppression are key factors in dc-based tumor immunotherapy. in this study, we demonstrate that use of the mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein x (hspx) as an immunoad ... | 2014 | 24990079 |
| unbiased estimation of mutation rates under fluctuating final counts. | estimation methods for mutation rates (or probabilities) in luria-delbrück fluctuation analysis usually assume that the final number of cells remains constant from one culture to another. we show that this leads to systematically underestimate the mutation rate. two levels of information on final numbers are considered: either the coefficient of variation has been independently estimated, or the final number of cells in each culture is known. in both cases, unbiased estimation methods are propos ... | 2014 | 24988217 |
| importance of cough and m. tuberculosis strain type as risks for increased transmission within households. | the degree to which tuberculosis (tb) is transmitted between persons is variable. identifying the factors that contribute to transmission could provide new opportunities for tb control. transmission is influenced by host, bacterial and environmental factors. however, distinguishing their individual effects is problematic because measures of disease severity are tightly correlated, and assessing the virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is complicated by epidemiological and clinical co ... | 2014 | 24988000 |
| acute myeloid leukemia presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis. | we report the case of a 58-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with fever, cough, anorexia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. blood investigations revealed severe neutropenia with monocytosis. chest imaging showed bilateral reticular infiltrates with mediastinal widening. bronchoalveolar lavage culture and molecular test were positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis and treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol was started. although pulmonary tuberculosis cou ... | 2014 | 24987539 |
| clofazimine in the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis with hiv coinfection in south africa: a retrospective cohort study. | extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) and hiv coinfection is associated with low cure rates and high mortality. clofazimine has shown activity in vitro against mycobacterium tuberculosis, but clinical experience with clofazimine in xdr-tb and hiv coinfection is limited. | 2014 | 24986495 |
| a peptide fragment from the human cox3 protein disrupts association of mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence proteins esat-6 and cfp10, inhibits mycobacterial growth and mounts protective immune response. | tuberculosis (tb) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases affecting millions worldwide. the currently available anti-tb drugs and vaccines have proved insufficient to contain this scourge, necessitating an urgent need for identification of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. the disruption of crucial protein-protein interactions, especially those that are responsible for virulence in mycobacterium tuberculosis - for example the esat-6:cfp10 complex - are a worthy pursuit in t ... | 2014 | 24985537 |
| [prokaryotic expression and immunological characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis rv1886c]. | ag85b (rv1886c) is secreted during the early stages of infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. the purpose of this study was probed into the immune response against ag85b in vivo. | 2014 | 24984525 |
| outcome of mycobacterium tuberculosis and toll-like receptor interaction: immune response or immune evasion? | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an intracellular bacterium capable of surviving and persisting within host mononuclear cells. the host response against tubercle bacilli is dominated by fine-tuned interaction of innate and adaptive immune responses. toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a critical role in the formation of this immune response by facilitating in elaboration of protective t helper type 1 (th1) cytokines and microbicidal molecules, but ... | 2014 | 24983458 |
| dynamics of t-cell ifn-γ and mir-29a expression during active pulmonary tuberculosis. | ifn-γ is crucial for protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis. mir-29 was recently shown to non-redundantly inhibit ifn-γ. here, we investigated ifn-γ and mir-29a expression dynamics of cd4(+) t cells from patients during active tuberculosis (tb) (n = 32) and in household contacts who were latently m. tuberculosis infected (n = 19) from ghana. whereas m. tuberculosis-specific ifn-γ expression was similar during tb chemotherapy, superantigen stimulation indicated generally impaired ifn-γ exp ... | 2014 | 24981709 |
| multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity and clues on recent transmission in punjab, pakistan. | multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb), i.e. bacilli resistant to rifampicin (rif) and isoniazid (inh), is a major public health concern in pakistan according to who estimates (3.5% and 32% of new and retreated cases, respectively). previous pakistanis reports identified a correlation between being mdr and belonging to beijing or eai lineages in one study, and belonging to "h4"-ural euro-american sublineage in another study. in addition, mdr-tb transmission was suspected in karachi. we teste ... | 2014 | 24981519 |
| [identification of mycobacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry--using reference strains and clinical isolates of mycobacterium]. | matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) method is being played an important role for the inspection of clinical microorganism as a rapid and the price reduction. mass spectra obtained by measuring become points of identification whether the peak pattern match any species mass spectral pattern. we currently use maldi-tof ms for rapid and accurate diagnosis of inactivated reference and clinical isolates of mycobacterium because of the improved pr ... | 2014 | 24979947 |
| the il-13/il-4rα axis is involved in tuberculosis-associated pathology. | human tuberculosis (tb) is a leading global health threat and still constitutes a major medical challenge. however, mechanisms governing tissue pathology during post-primary tb remain elusive, partly because genetically or immunologically tractable animal models are lacking. in human tb, the demonstration of a large relative increase in interleukin (il)-4 and il-13 expression, which correlates with lung damage, indicates that a subversive t helper (th)2 component in the response to mycobacterium ... | 2014 | 24979482 |
| isocitrate lyase mediates broad antibiotic tolerance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is a persistent intracellular pathogen intrinsically tolerant to most antibiotics. however, the specific factors that mediate this tolerance remain incompletely defined. here we apply metabolomic profiling to discover a common set of metabolic changes associated with the activities of three clinically used tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin. despite targeting diverse cellular processes, all three drugs trigger activation of mtb's isocitrat ... | 2014 | 24978671 |
| the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay is a rapid, cheap, screening test for the in vitro anti-tuberculous activity of chalcones. | rapid and reliable drug susceptibility testing facilitates replenishment of the tb drug pipeline in the fight against drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. this study compared the performance of the mtt and maba assays on the anti-tuberculous activity of a set of chalcones. twenty seven chalcones and chromenochalcones were screened against the laboratory strain m. tuberculosis h37rv, using a microtitre plate mtt assay at 7 days. the mic for 20 active compounds was subsequently determined us ... | 2014 | 24978593 |
| bronchial aneurysm secondary to tuberculosis presenting with fatal hemoptysis: a case report and review of the literature. | fatal hemoptysis is a serious complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, which can rarely be due to a bronchial aneurysm. here, we present a case of fatal hemoptysis due to bronchial aneurysm occurred in a 59-year-old patient of han ethnicity suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis. meanwhile, we perform a literature review of reported cases to stress detailed radiological examination is needed prior to bronchoscopy to exclude the possibility of aneurysm existent in proximity to the lesions ca ... | 2014 | 24977030 |
| retraction: application status of maldi-tof mass spectrometry in the identification and drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 2014 | 24977028 |
| a comparison between the efficiency of the xpert mtb/rif assay and nested pcr in identifying mycobacterium tuberculosis during routine clinical practice. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is more sensitive, specific, and rapid than the conventional methods of acid-fast bacilli (afb) smear and culture. the aim of this study was to determine if the xpert mtb/rifampicin (rif) assay had additional advantages over nested pcr for the detection of mtb in a geographical area with intermediate tuberculosis (tb) incidence. | 2014 | 24976983 |
| hepatobiliary tuberculosis. | hepatobiliary tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and is usually secondary to tuberculosis of the lungs or gastrointestinal tract. diagnosis is difficult pre-operatively in local (focal and tubular) forms because of its rarity and presentation in the form of non-specific symptoms and signs and lack of any defined criteria on imaging studies. histopathological examination is necessary for definite diagnosis but in cases where there is suspicion of hepatobi ... | 2014 | 24976240 |
| slow growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis at acidic ph is regulated by phopr and host-associated carbon sources. | during pathogenesis, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) colonizes environments, such as the macrophage or necrotic granuloma, that are acidic and rich in cholesterol and fatty acids. the goal of this study was to examine how acidic ph and available carbon sources interact to regulate mtb physiology. here we report that mtb growth at acidic ph requires host-associated carbon sources that function at the intersection of glycolysis and the tca cycle, such as pyruvate, acetate, oxaloacetate and choles ... | 2014 | 24975990 |
| an overview to understand the role of pe_pgrs family proteins in mycobacterium tuberculosis h37 rv and their potential as new drug targets. | tuberculosis has long been the scourge of humanity, claiming millions of lives. the family of pe_pgrs gene has been attributed to the mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis over the past few decades. the gene of pe_pgrs family proteins are most often clustered in a region of the genome often as overlapping genes and role in cell surface markers, adhesion and invasion of defense cells of the host (macrophage and dendritic cells). the proline-glutamic acid (pe) domain is responsible for the cellu ... | 2015 | 24975480 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of mycobacterium tuberculosis sirr. | identification of new drug targets is important for the improvement of chemotherapy for tuberculosis treatment. metal-associated gene products are candidates for novel drug development. a mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) sirr-encoded protein has been proposed, but the function of mtb sirr has not yet been elucidated. bioinformatics analysis revealed that mtb sirr contains iron binding domains with 34%-59% similarity to previously described metal-dependent gene regulators and that the gene lies i ... | 2014 | 24974654 |
| [research progresses of mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome p450s as a potential drug target]. | identification and validation of a new target is one of the most important steps for new antituberculosis (tb) drug discovery. researches have shown that mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) encodes 20 cyp450 enzymes which play important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of lipid, cholesterol utilization, and the electron transport of respiratory chain in mtb. with the critical roles within the organism as well as the protein structures of six mtb cyp450 enzymes being clarified, some of them hav ... | 2014 | 24974457 |
| evaluation of the anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and in vivo acute toxicity of annona sylvatic. | the recent emergence of extensively multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has further complicated the control of tuberculosis. there is an urgent need for the development of new molecular candidates antitubercular drugs. medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of 28 alcoholic extracts and essential oils of native and exotic brazilian plants against mycobacterium tuberculosis ... | 2014 | 24974069 |
| a high-resolution computed tomography-based scoring system to differentiate the most infectious active pulmonary tuberculosis from community-acquired pneumonia in elderly and non-elderly patients. | the objective of this study was to use high-resolution computed tomography (hrct) imaging to predict the presence of smear-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) in elderly (at least 65 years of age) and non-elderly patients (18-65 years of age). | 2014 | 24972956 |
| proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of the serine/threonine protein kinase e mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | serine/threonine protein kinases (stpks) have prominent roles in the survival mechanisms of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). previous studies from our laboratory underscored the role of pkne, an stpk in virulence, adaptation and the suppression of host cell apoptosis. in this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to study the proteome and phosphoproteome profiles of wild type m. tuberculosis and its isogenic pkne deletion mutant (δpkne) during growth in middlebrook 7h9 ... | 2014 | 24972353 |
| design, synthesis and docking studies of some novel (r)-2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-(4'-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5] imidazo [1,2-c]pyrimidin-4-ol derivatives as antitubercular agents. | filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant (ftsz) is a novel target for the treatment of tuberculosis. a series of (r)-2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-(4'-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5] imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-4-ol derivatives were designed and docked on the ftsz protein crystal structure (pdb id: 1rlu, resolution 2.08 å). compound 7t showed the highest docking score and h-bond interaction with arg140 and gly19. our strategy for synthesis of (r)-2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-(4'-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3,5-tetr ... | 2014 | 24972340 |
| pros and cons of the tuberculosis drugome approach--an empirical analysis. | drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the causative pathogen of tuberculosis (tb), has become a serious threat to global public health. yet the development of novel drugs against mtb has been lagging. one potentially powerful approach to drug development is computation-aided repositioning of current drugs. however, the effectiveness of this approach has rarely been examined. here we select the "tb drugome" approach--a protein structure-based method for drug repositioning for tuberculo ... | 2014 | 24971632 |
| the non-catalytic "cap domain" of a mycobacterial metallophosphoesterase regulates its expression and localization in the cell. | despite highly conserved core catalytic domains, members of the metallophosphoesterase (mpe) superfamily perform diverse and crucial functions ranging from nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism to phospholipid hydrolysis. unique structural elements outside of the catalytic core called "cap domains" are thought to provide specialization to these enzymes; however, no directed study has been performed to substantiate this. the cap domain of rv0805, an mpe from mycobacterium tuberculosis, is locate ... | 2014 | 24970891 |
| interferon-γ release assay for the diagnosis of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children younger than 5 years: a meta-analysis. | interferon-γ release assays (igras) have been widely used for the diagnosis of latent and active tuberculosis in adults, but their role in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) in children younger than 5 years remains unclear. | 2014 | 24970465 |
| fatal paradoxical cryptic miliary tuberculosis and immune reconstitution disease in a young non-hiv immunocompromised male patient: case report with autopsy findings. | non-hiv immunocompromised patients may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) as an abnormal response to invading microorganisms, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). iris consists in a sudden change in the dominant t-helper responses to inflammation, which is not balanced by anti-inflammatory response, playing a critical role in microbial pathogenesis. a patient with restoration of host immunity during anti-tuberculosis treatment can become gravely ill with a paradoxica ... | 2014 | 24970001 |
| [clinical value of pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of children with tuberculous pleurisy]. | to explore the value of pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy in children. | 2014 | 24969941 |
| [heteroresistance in mycobacteria tuberculosis is an important factor for the inconsistency between the results of phenotype and genotype drug susceptibility tests]. | to investigate the impact of heteroresistance on the results of genotype drug susceptibility test for mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). | 2014 | 24969713 |
| early bcg vaccination is unrelated to pulmonary immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis in adults. | | 2014 | 24969658 |
| the effectiveness of bcg vaccination in preventing mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in greenland. | the bcg vaccine's ability to prevent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (mti) remains highly debated. in greenland, bcg vaccination was introduced in 1955, but was temporarily discontinued (1991-1996) due to nationwide policy changes. the study aimed to use the transient stop in bcg vaccination to evaluate the effect of vaccination on mti prevalence and tb incidence. | 2014 | 24969643 |
| [induction in vitro and stability of mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to ofloxacin]. | to induce mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) resistance with ofloxacin (ofx) of stepwise increasing concentration in vitro, investigate stability to fluoroquinolone (fqs) antibiotic of mtb, and analyze the molecular mechanism and mutation specialty of drug resistance preliminarily. | 2014 | 24969458 |
| evaluation of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (realamp) for rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum samples. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) leads to serious health problems as a chronic respiratory infectious disease. here we established a real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (realamp) using a portable ese quant tube scanner as a convenient rapid detection method for mtb. the method efficacy from sputum samples was further investigated, and the reaction time was only 20min with the detection limit low to 10(2)cfu/ml concentration of mtb. we a ... | 2014 | 24968954 |
| interaction of mycobacterium tuberculosis with host cell death pathways. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) has coevolved with humans for tens of thousands of years. it is thus highly adapted to its human host and has evolved multiple mechanisms to manipulate host immune responses to its advantage. one central host pathogen interaction modality is host cell death pathways. host cell apoptosis is associated with a protective response to mtb infection, whereas a necrotic response favors the pathogen. consistently, mtb inhibits host cell apoptosis signaling but promotes i ... | 2014 | 24968864 |
| development of single-tube multiplex pcr for classification of mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages based on large sequence polymorphisms. | large sequence polymorphisms (lsps) or regions of differences (rds) are molecular epidemiological and evolutionary markers used to classify mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) into east asian (beijing), indo-oceanic (io), euro-american (eua) and east african indian (eai) lineages. the most used method is separate pcr and sequencing for each rd. we developed a single-tube multiplex pcr using four primer pairs specific to the four mtb lineages and a primer pair for species-specific rd9 with genomic d ... | 2014 | 24968677 |
| serologic diagnosis of tuberculosis by combining ig classes against selected mycobacterial targets. | accurate, simple and cost-effective diagnostic tests are needed for diagnosis of active tuberculosis (tb). serodiagnosis is attractive as it can be harnessed for point-of-care tests. | 2014 | 24968240 |
| cfp10 and esat6 aptamers as effective mycobacterial antigen diagnostic reagents. | the development of effective mycobacterial antigen diagnostic reagents remains a high priority. the 6-kda early secreted antigenic target (esat6) and 10-kda culture filtrate protein (cfp10) are secreted early by virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) and are not present in the non-virulent bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). in this study, we used a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) technique to screen for a functional ssdna aptamer "antibody" that specifically b ... | 2014 | 24968239 |
| are bigger data sets better for machine learning? fusing single-point and dual-event dose response data for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is a major, neglected disease for which the quest to find new treatments continues. there is an abundance of data from large phenotypic screens in the public domain against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). since machine learning methods can learn from past data, we were interested in addressing whether more data builds better models. we now describe using bayesian machine learning to assess whether we can improve our models by combining the large quantities of single-point data wit ... | 2014 | 24968215 |
| [the usefulness of the nitrate reductase assay for detecting drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | the early detection of resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis is of primary importance for both patient management and infection control. | 2014 | 24968055 |
| [surveillance of antituberculosis-drug resistance in cuba, 2010-2011]. | antituberculosis-drug resistance surveillance is very important to identify multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. | 2014 | 24968042 |
| [pathological and molecular diagnosis in a case of primary laryngeal tuberculosis in a physician]. | primary laryngeal tuberculosis is a rare disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. we report the case of an ear-nose and throat diabetic physician with primary laryngeal tuberculosis. the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer had been considered before in another institution, and at the patient's admission, he only presented dysphonia with a six-month evolution. the vocal cord histological examination showed granulomas, giant cells, fibrosis and necrosis, and the ziehl-neelsen staining sho ... | 2014 | 24967855 |
| diarylthiazole: an antimycobacterial scaffold potentially targeting prrb-prra two-component system. | diarylthiazole (dat), a hit from diversity screening, was found to have potent antimycobacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). in a systematic medicinal chemistry exploration, we demonstrated chemical opportunities to optimize the potency and physicochemical properties. the effort led to more than 10 compounds with submicromolar mics and desirable physicochemical properties. the potent antimycobacterial activity, in conjunction with low molecular weight, made the series an a ... | 2014 | 24967731 |
| rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis using a novel ultrafast chip-type real-time polymerase chain reaction system. | nbs labchip g2-3 is a novel, ultrafast, chip-type portable real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system. we evaluated the clinical usefulness of this system in detecting pulmonary tb and assessed its diagnostic performance compared with a conventional tube-type pcr system. | 2014 | 24967657 |
| enhanced protective efficacy against mycobacterium tuberculosis afforded by bcg prime-dna boost regimen in an early challenge mouse model is associated with increased splenic interleukin-2-producing cd4 t-cell frequency post-vaccination. | the development of improved vaccines and vaccination strategies against mycobacterium tuberculosis has been hindered by a limited understanding of the immune correlates of anti-tuberculosis protective immunity. simple measurement of interferon-γ frequency or production per se does not provide adequate prediction of immune protection. in this study, we examined the relationship between t-cell immune responses and protective efficacy conferred by the heterologous vaccination strategy, bacillus cal ... | 2014 | 24965530 |
| higher levels of interleukin il-17 and antigen-specific il-17 responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients with löfgren's syndrome. | sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (mkatg) in sarcoidosis tissue has been reported. t helper type 1 (th1) responses against mkatg have previously been observed. however, little is known about interleukin (il)-17 and th17 responses in sarcoidosis. here, we investigated the levels of il-17 and frequencies of il-17-producing cells responding to mkatg in sarcoidosis patients with different prognosis. peripheral ... | 2014 | 24962673 |
| differentiation and phylogenetic relationships in mycobacterium spp with special reference to the rnase p rna gene rnpb. | the rnpb gene encodes for the rna subunit of the catalytic ribonuclease rnase p and is present in all bacteria and has both conserved and highly variable sequence regions. determination of rnpb in 35 mycobacterium spp. showed species specific sequences for all species except the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (four species). high sequence variation was seen in the p3, p15 and p19 regions of suggested secondary structures of the corresponding rnase p rna molecules. phylogenetic analysis showe ... | 2014 | 24962595 |
| a novel microdissection approach to recovering mycobacterium tuberculosis specific transcripts from formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung granulomas. | microdissection has been used for the examination of tissues at dna, rna, and protein levels for over a decade. laser capture microscopy (lcm) is the most common microdissection technique used today. in this technique, a laser is used to focally melt a thermoplastic membrane that overlies a dehydrated tissue section(1). the tissue section composite is then lifted and separated from the membrane. although this technique can be used successfully for tissue examination, it is time consuming and exp ... | 2014 | 24962586 |
| evolution of drug resistance in tuberculosis: recent progress and implications for diagnosis and therapy. | drug-resistant tuberculosis is a growing threat to global public health. recent efforts to understand the evolution of drug resistance have shown that changes in drug-target interactions are only the first step in a longer adaptive process. the emergence of transmissible drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis is the result of a multitude of additional genetic mutations, many of which interact, a phenomenon known as epistasis. the varied effects of these epistatic interactions include compensa ... | 2014 | 24962424 |
| gyrase atpase domain as an antitubercular drug discovery platform: structure-based design and lead optimization of nitrothiazolyl carboxamide analogues. | in this study, we explored the pharmaceutically underexploited mycobacterial gyrase atpase (gyrb) domain as a template for a structure-based virtual screening of our in-house (bits pilani) compound collection to discover new inhibitors targeting mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb.) the hit identified was further customized by using a combination of molecular docking and medicinal chemistry strategies to obtain an optimized analogue displaying considerable in vitro enzyme efficacy and bactericidal ... | 2014 | 24962352 |
| evaluation of a biphasic media assay for pyrazinamide drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | pyrazinamide is a key first-line tuberculosis drug. reliable drug susceptibility testing (dst) data are of clinical importance, but in vitro testing is challenging since the activity of pyrazinamide is ph sensitive. the bactec mgit 960 is considered the principal reference technique, but wayne's test is an alternative, although it may be difficult to interpret. a further alternative is the use of a biphasic media assay (bma). the objective of this work was to evaluate the bma against the mgit me ... | 2014 | 24962032 |
| modulation of tuberculosis-related immune responses by helminths. | tuberculosis (tb) continues to be a major worldwide health problem, with 9.4 million newly emerging active tuberculosis cases and causes nearly 2 million deaths annually. currently, experimental evidence for an strong association between helminths and diminished t helper (th)1 immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is based on studies which show that helminth-induced th2, t regulatory (treg) responses and alternatively activated macrophages contribute to enhanced susceptibility to ... | 2014 | 24961019 |
| analysis of 30 patients with acupuncture-induced primary inoculation tuberculosis. | primary inoculation tuberculosis is a skin condition that develops at the site of inoculation of mycobacterium tuberculosis in tuberculosis-free individuals. this report describes the diagnosis, treatment and >1 year follow-up of 30 patients presenting with acupuncture-induced primary inoculation tuberculosis. our data provide a deeper insight into this rare route of infection of tuberculosis. we also review effective treatment options. | 2014 | 24959854 |
| to achieve an earlier ifn-γ response is not sufficient to control mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. | the temporo-spatial relationship between the three organs (lung, spleen and lymph node) involved during the initial stages of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been poorly studied. as such, we performed an experimental study to evaluate the bacillary load in each organ after aerosol or intravenous infection and developed a mathematical approach using the data obtained in order to extract conclusions. the results showed that higher bacillary doses result in an earlier ifn-γ response, that ... | 2014 | 24959669 |
| rapid immunochromatographic test for the identification and discrimination of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from non-tuberculous mycobacteria. | a new rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) kit (sdbioline tb ag mpt64rapid(®)) developed by standard diagnostics, south korea was evaluated for rapid differentiation of m. tuberculosis from non tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). it detects mpt 64 antigen in m. tuberculosis isolates using mouse monoclonal mpt 64 antibody. the kit was assessed for routine identification of the acid fast bacilli(afb) isolated in our laboratory. | 2014 | 24959442 |
| medicinal chemistry discoveries among 1,3,5-triazines: recent advances (2000-2013) as antimicrobial, anti-tb, anti-hiv and antimalarials. | the chemistry and an extensive spectrum of biological activities of s-triazines have been examined since several decades and this heterocyclic core has received emerging consensus. this article aims to summarize recent advances (2000-2013) made towards the discovery of antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anti-hiv and antimalarial agents holding 1,3,5-triazine ring as a nucleus with the substitution of several types of nucleophiles. molecular patterns associated with particular potency have been ide ... | 2014 | 24958216 |
| association of serum levels of iron, copper, and zinc, and inflammatory markers with bacteriological sputum conversion during tuberculosis treatment. | iron, copper, and zinc are key micronutrients that play an important role in the immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis. the present study aimed to evaluate the association between serum levels of those micronutrients, inflammatory markers, and the smear and culture conversion of m. tuberculosis during 60 days of tuberculosis treatment. seventy-five male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (mean age, 40.0 ± 10.7 years) were evaluated at baseline and again at 30 and 60 days of tuberculosi ... | 2014 | 24958018 |
| population pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline (tmc207), a novel antituberculosis drug. | bedaquiline is a novel agent for the treatment of pulmonary multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, in combination with other agents. the objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (pk) model for bedaquiline to describe the concentration-time data from phase i and ii studies in healthy subjects and patients with drug-susceptible or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (tb). a total of 5,222 pk observations from 480 subjects were used in a nonlinear mixed-e ... | 2014 | 24957842 |
| 1,4-azaindole, a potential drug candidate for treatment of tuberculosis. | new therapeutic strategies against multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently required to combat the global tuberculosis (tb) threat. toward this end, we previously reported the identification of 1,4-azaindoles, a promising class of compounds with potent antitubercular activity through noncovalent inhibition of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-epimerase (dpre1). further, this series was optimized to improve its physicochemical propert ... | 2014 | 24957839 |
| shared characteristics between mycobacterium tuberculosis and fungi contribute to virulence. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, an etiologic agent of tuberculosis, exacts a heavy toll in terms of human morbidity and mortality. although an ancient disease, new strains are emerging as human population density increases. the emergent virulent strains appear adept at steering the host immune response from a protective th1 type response towards a th2 bias, a feature shared with some pathogenic fungi. other common characteristics include infection site, metabolic features, the composition and displa ... | 2014 | 24957092 |
| amino acid capture and utilization within the mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tb, is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates inside host macrophages and other phagocytes within a membrane-bound vacuole or phagosome. how m. tuberculosis captures and exploits vital nutrients inside host cells is an intensive research area that might lead to novel therapeutics for tuberculosis. recent reports provided evidence that m. tuberculosis relies on amino acid uptake and degradation pathways to thrive inside its host. th ... | 2014 | 24957090 |
| [actual issues of pathogenesis of tuberculosis of male genital organs]. | based on a survey of 467 men with genital tuberculosis, following conclusions were made. the presence of morphological signs of nonspecific prostatitis of toxic-allergic genesis in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis of the urinary and genital organs proves the possibility of primary infection of the epididymis with mycobacterium tuberculosis. primarily isolated epididymal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 21 (4,5%) patients. tuberculous of testicles is in direct relationship to the duration ... | 2014 | 24956670 |
| stranger in a strange land: ibero-american strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis in tibet, china. | the latin-american-mediterranean (lam) family is among the largest, diverse and intriguing within mycobacterium tuberculosis. widespread in some world regions, as justly reflected by its name, lam remains in the shadow of the beijing and east-african indian families in east asia. here, we applied evolutionarily robust markers to the spoligotyped collection of 699 m. tuberculosis clinical isolates recovered from tuberculosis (tb) patients in different provinces across china between 2005 and 2013. ... | 2014 | 24956435 |
| regulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase by phosphate-modulated quaternary structure dynamics and a potential role for polyphosphate in enzyme regulation. | d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (pgdh) catalyzes the first reaction in the "phosphorylated" pathway of l-serine biosynthesis. in mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is a type 1 enzyme (mtpgdh) in that it contains both an act domain and an asb domain in addition to a catalytic domain. the published crystal structures (protein data bank entries 1ygy and 3dc2) show a tartrate molecule interacting with cationic residues at the asb-act domain interfaces and a serine molecule bound at the act domain int ... | 2014 | 24956108 |
| association between tuberculosis recurrence and interferon-γ response during treatment. | we investigated the relationship between tuberculosis recurrence and mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-stimulated interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) responses during treatment. | 2014 | 24955986 |
| antitubercular activity of arctium lappa and tussilago farfara extracts and constituents. | arctium lappa and tussilago farfara (asteraceae) are two plant species used traditionally as antitubercular remedies. the aim of this study was (i) to screen arctium lappa and tussilago farfara extracts for activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis and (ii) to isolate and identify the compound(s) responsible for this reputed anti-tb effect. | 2014 | 24955560 |
| comparison of the performance of tk system with lj and mgit methods in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is a common infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb). various liquid or solid media are used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. tk rapid mycobacterial culture system has been developed recently. in our study, we aimed to compare tk rapid mycobacterial culture system with lj and mgit systems in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. 200 clinical specimens (152 sputum, 41 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal), 4 gastric aspirations, 2 ... | 2014 | 24955186 |
| folate pathway disruption leads to critical disruption of methionine derivatives in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | in this study, we identified antifolates with potent, targeted activity against whole-cell mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of antifolate-treated cultures revealed metabolic disruption, including decreased pools of methionine and s-adenosylmethionine. transcriptomic analysis highlighted altered regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and utilization of these two compounds. supplementation with amino acids or s-adenosylmethionine was suff ... | 2014 | 24954008 |
| identification and development of 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides as mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase inhibitors. | in the present study, we used crystal structure of mycobacterial pantothenate synthetase (ps) bound with 2-(2-(benzofuran-2-ylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-5-methoxy-1h-indol-1-yl) acetic acid inhibitor for virtual screening of antitubercular compound database to identify new scaffolds. one of the identified lead was modified synthetically to obtain thirty novel analogues. these synthesized compounds were evaluated for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) ps inhibition study, in vitro antimycobacterial activit ... | 2014 | 24953948 |
| characterization of phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance patterns of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a city in mexico. | the emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has become a worldwide health care problem, making treatment of tuberculosis difficult. the aim of this study was to determine phenotypic resistance and gene mutations associated with mdr of clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis from guadalajara, mexico. | 2015 | 24953252 |
| microstructured liposome subunit vaccines reduce lung inflammation and bacterial load after mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | tuberculosis is a disease affecting millions of people throughout the world. one of the main problems in controlling the disease is the low efficacy of the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine in protecting young adults. the development of new vaccines that induce a long-lasting immune response or that stimulate the immunity induced by bcg may improve the control of tuberculosis. | 2014 | 24951861 |
| gene cooption in mycobacteria and search for virulence attributes: comparative proteomic analyses of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium indicus pranii and other mycobacteria. | tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a leading infectious disease taking one human life every 15s globally. mycobacterium undergoes reductive evolution; the ancestors have bigger genome size and rich in metabolic pathways. mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) is placed much above mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) in evolutionary scale and is a non-pathogenic, saprophytic mycobacterium. our in silico comparative proteomic analyses of virulence factors of m.tb and their homolo ... | 2014 | 24951307 |
| intracellular delivery of recombinant arginine deiminase (radi) by heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesion peptide restores sensitivity in radi-resistant cancer cells. | recombinant arginine deiminase (radi) has been used in clinical trials for arginine-auxotrophic cancers. however, the emergence of radi resistance, due to the overexpression of argininosuccinate synthetase (as), has introduced an obstacle in its clinical application. here, we have proposed a strategy for the intracellular delivery of radi, which depletes both extracellular and intracellular arginine, to restore the sensitivity of radi-resistant cancer cells. in this study, the c terminus of hepa ... | 2014 | 24950134 |
| biochemical characterization of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase from mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv and inhibition of its activity by pyrazinamide. | quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (qaprtase, ec 2.4.2.19) is a key enzyme in the de novo pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) biosynthesis and a target for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs. qaprtase catalyzes the synthesis of nicotinic acid mononucleotide from quinolinic acid (qa) and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (prpp) through a phosphoribosyl transfer reaction followed by decarboxylation. the crystal structure of qaprtase from mycobacterium tuberculosis ... | 2014 | 24949952 |
| genome-wide transcription analyses in mycobacterium tuberculosis treated with lupulone. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis, still causes higher mortality than any other bacterial pathogen until now. with the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr-tb) strains, it becomes more important to search for alternative targets to develop new antimycobacterial drugs. lupulone is a compound extracted from hops (hurnulus lupulus), which exhibits a good antimicrobial activity against m. tuberculosis wi ... | 2014 | 24948953 |
| an interferon-gamma release assay test performs well in routine screening for tuberculosis. | a positive interferon-gamma release assay (igra) is regarded as proof of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. we conducted an evaluation of the igra test "t-spot.tb" to test its performance during clinical routine use by analysing the positivity rate and odds, effect of season and sensitivity. | 2014 | 24947627 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment modalities and recent insights. | antimicrobial therapy of infections caused by m. tuberculosis is a challenge due to poor response to therapy and recurrent infections. under in vitro conditions, antibiotics effectively kill m. tuberculosis within the first two weeks. however, an extended treatment time of 6-9 months is required to eradicate m. tuberculosis infection, mainly due to the intracellular survival of this pathogen and poor penetration of the antibiotics into the intracellular compartment of the host cells. recent adva ... | 2014 | 24947482 |
| initial experience with genexpert mtb/rif assay in the arkansas tuberculosis control program. | mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most significant causes of death from an infectious agent. rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) is still a great challenge. the genexpert mtb/rif assay is a novel integrated diagnostic system for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and rapid detection of rifampin (rif) resistance in clinical specimens. in 2012, the arkansas tuberculosis control program introduced genexpert mtb/rif assay to replace the labour-inten ... | 2014 | 24944716 |
| genotypic characterization and historical perspective of mycobacterium tuberculosis among older and younger finns, 2008-2011. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes obtained from elderly finns were assessed and compared with those obtained from younger finns to comprehend the epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) in finland. from 2008 to 2011, a total of 1021 m. tuberculosis isolates were characterized by spoligotyping and 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat typing. in total, 733 finnish-born cases were included in the study, of which 466 (64%) were born before 1945 (older f ... | 2014 | 24944074 |
| significance of mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen expression in cerebrospinal fluid monocytes in diagnosing tuberculous meningitis. | the aim of this study was to investigate the significance of positive expression of mycobacterium tuberculosis, (mtb) antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) monocytes in diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (tbm). | 2015 | 24943761 |
| central memory cd4+ t cells are responsible for the recombinant bacillus calmette-guérin δurec::hly vaccine's superior protection against tuberculosis. | bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) has been used for vaccination against tuberculosis for nearly a century. here, we analyze immunity induced by a live tuberculosis vaccine candidate, recombinant bcg δurec::hly vaccine (rbcg), with proven preclinical and clinical safety and immunogenicity. we pursue in-depth analysis of the endogenous mycobacteria-specific cd4(+) t-cell population, comparing the more efficacious rbcg with canonical bcg to determine which t-cell memory responses are prerequisites for ... | 2014 | 24943726 |
| tuberculosis of the cuboid: a case report and review of the literature. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major global health problem. according to a recent world health organization report, it ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. according to the "uk health protection agency tuberculosis in the uk: 2012 report," 8963 cases were reported in the united kingdom in 2011. london had the greatest proportion of cases in the united kingdom and the greatest rate of disease. tb affecting the foot is rare, affecting about 10% of all skele ... | 2015 | 24942371 |
| [construction and expression of a eukaryotic vector co-expressing immunodominant antigens of cfp10, esat6, ag85a and ag85b of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | cfp10, esat6, antigen 85a (ag85a) and antigen 85b (ag85b) are the key immunodominant antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis. in order to construct a eukaryotic vector able to co-express the four genes in one vector, we amplified the target gene fragments encoding the cfp10, esat6, ag85a and ag85b antigens and inserted them into the multicloning site of the shuttle plasmid vector pcdna3.1 (+), of which the cfp10 and esat6 encoding genes were in frame fused with a linker encoding (gly4ser)3 residu ... | 2014 | 24941747 |