| assessment of denitrifying bacterial composition in activated sludge. | the abundance and structure of denitrifying bacterial community in different activated sludge samples were assessed, where the abundance of denitrifying functional genes showed nirs in the range of 10(4)-10(5), nosz with 10(4)-10(6) and 16s rrna gene in the range 10(9)-10(10) copy number per ml of sludge. the culturable approach revealed pseudomonas sp. and alcaligenes sp. to be numerically high, whereas culture independent method showed betaproteobacteria to dominate the sludge samples. comamon ... | 2011 | 21868215 |
| environmental microbiota represents a natural reservoir for dissemination of clinically relevant metallo-beta-lactamases. | a total of 10 metallo-β-lactamase-producing isolates of six different species, including brevundimonas diminuta (n = 3), rhizobium radiobacter (n = 2), pseudomonas monteilii (n = 1), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2), ochrobactrum anthropi (n = 1), and enterobacter ludwigii (n = 1), were detected in the sewage water of a hospital. the presence of bla(vim-13) associated with a tn1721-class 1 integron structure was detected in all but one of the isolates (e. ludwigii, which produced vim-2), and in tw ... | 2011 | 21859934 |
| molecular modeling and conformational analysis of native and refolded viral genome-linked protein of cardamom mosaic virus. | the viral genome-linked protein (vpg) of potyviruses is covalently attached to the 5' end of the genomic rna. towards biophysical characterization, the vpg coding region of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) was amplified from the cdna and expressed in e. coli. most of the expressed vpg aggregated as inclusion bodies that were solubilized with urea and refolded with l-arginine hydrochloride. the various forms of cdmv vpg (native, denatured and refolded) were purified and the conformational variations ... | 2011 | 22165292 |
| evaluation of microorganisms cultured from injured and repressed tissue regeneration sites in endangered giant aquatic ozark hellbender salamanders. | investigation into the causes underlying the rapid, global amphibian decline provides critical insight into the effects of changing ecosystems. hypothesized and confirmed links between amphibian declines, disease, and environmental changes are increasingly represented in published literature. however, there are few long-term amphibian studies that include data on population size, abnormality/injury rates, disease, and habitat variables to adequately assess changes through time. we cultured and i ... | 2011 | 22205979 |
| Tn125-related acquisition of blaNDM-like genes in Acinetobacter baumannii. | A multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate recovered from a patient hospitalized in Switzerland after a transfer from Serbia produced the NDM-1 carbapenemase. The bla(NDM-1) gene was part of a chromosomally-located Tn125 composite transposon bracketed by two copies of the same insertion sequence ISAba125. This transposon was also associated to the acquisition and the expression of the bla(NDM-2) gene in an A. baumannii isolate in Germany. Tn125 appears to be the main vehicle for disse ... | 2011 | 22143526 |
| Development of a protocol for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of ubiquinone-10 from dried biomass of Pseudomonas diminuta. | Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10), a yellow-to-orange-colored lipophilic substance having nutraceutical value, was extracted from dried biomass of Pseudomonas diminuta using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)). The effect of different operational parameters (temperature, pressure, and extraction time) and addition of co-solvent on SC-CO(2) extraction of CoQ10 was studied in detail. The solubility parameter of CoQ10, CO(2), and CO(2) with ethanol and methanol as co-solvents was calculated and ... | 2011 | 22160186 |
| Complete sequencing of the bla(NDM-1)-positive IncA/C plasmid from Escherichia coli ST38 isolate suggests a possible origin from plant pathogens. | The complete sequence of the plasmid pNDM-1_Dok01 carrying New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM-1) was determined by whole genome shotgun sequencing using Escherichia coli strain NDM-1_Dok01 (multilocus sequence typing type: ST38) and the transconjugant E. coli DH10B. The plasmid is an IncA/C incompatibility type composed of 225 predicted coding sequences in 195.5 kb and partially shares a sequence with bla(CMY-2)-positive IncA/C plasmids such as E. coli AR060302 pAR060302 (166.5 kb) and Salmonell ... | 2011 | 21966500 |
| diversity takes shape: understanding the mechanistic and adaptive basis of bacterial morphology. | the modern age of metagenomics has delivered unprecedented volumes of data describing the genetic and metabolic diversity of bacterial communities, but it has failed to provide information about coincident cellular morphologies. much like metabolic and biosynthetic capabilities, morphology comprises a critical component of bacterial fitness, molded by natural selection into the many elaborate shapes observed across the bacterial domain. in this essay, we discuss the diversity of bacterial morpho ... | 2016 | 27695035 |
| comparative analysis of two phenotypically-similar but genomically-distinct burkholderia cenocepacia-specific bacteriophages. | genomic analysis of bacteriophages infecting the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is an important preliminary step in the development of a phage therapy protocol for these opportunistic pathogens. the objective of this study was to characterize kl1 (vb_bces_kl1) and ah2 (vb_bces_ah2), two novel burkholderia cenocepacia-specific siphoviruses isolated from environmental samples. | 2012 | 22676492 |
| protein subunit interfaces: heterodimers versus homodimers. | protein dimers are either homodimers (complexation of identical monomers) or heterodimers (complexation of non-identical monomers). these dimers are common in catalysis and regulation. however, the molecular principles of protein dimer interactions are difficult to understand mainly due to the geometrical and chemical characteristics of proteins. nonetheless, the principles of protein dimer interactions are often studied using a dataset of 3d structural complexes determined by x-ray crystallogra ... | 2005 | 17597849 |
| comprehensive analysis of secondary dental root canal infections: a combination of culture and culture-independent approaches reveals new insights. | persistence of microorganisms or reinfections are the main reasons for failure of root canal therapy. very few studies to date have included culture-independent methods to assess the microbiota, including non-cultivable microorganisms. the aim of this study was to combine culture methods with culture-independent cloning methods to analyze the microbial flora of root-filled teeth with periradicular lesions. twenty-one samples from previously root-filled teeth were collected from patients with per ... | 2012 | 23152922 |
| a consortium of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, streptococcus parasanguinis, and filifactor alocis is present in sites prior to bone loss in a longitudinal study of localized aggressive periodontitis. | aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced localized aggressive periodontitis (lap) in african-american adolescents has been documented but is poorly understood. two thousand fifty-eight adolescents aged 11 to 17 years were screened for their periodontal status and the presence of a. actinomycetemcomitans in their oral cavity. seventy-one a. actinomycetemcomitans-negative and 63 a. actinomycetemcomitans-positive periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled, sampled, examined, and radiographed ... | 2013 | 23784124 |
| the influence of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome. | smokers are at high risk for 2 bacterially driven oral diseases: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the effect of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in states of health and disease. peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 80 partially edentulous subjects with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. bacterial dna was isolated and 16s ribsomal rna gene li ... | 2015 | 26124222 |
| the use of pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) to detect bacterial and fungal colonization in healthy military service members. | the role of microbial colonization in disease is complex. novel molecular tools to detect colonization offer theoretical improvements over traditional methods. we evaluated pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) as a screening tool to study colonization of healthy military service members. | 2016 | 27448413 |
| nicotine dehydrogenase complexed with 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase involved in the hybrid nicotine-degrading pathway in agrobacterium tumefaciens s33. | nicotine, a major toxic alkaloid in tobacco wastes, is degraded by bacteria, mainly via pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways. previously, we discovered a new hybrid of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways in agrobacterium tumefaciens s33 and characterized its key enzyme 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine (hsp) hydroxylase. here, we purified the nicotine dehydrogenase initializing the nicotine degradation from the strain and found that it forms a complex with a novel 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase. ... | 2016 | 26729714 |
| cohesion group approach for evolutionary analysis of tyra, a protein family with wide-ranging substrate specificities. | many enzymes and other proteins are difficult subjects for bioinformatic analysis because they exhibit variant catalytic, structural, regulatory, and fusion mode features within a protein family whose sequences are not highly conserved. however, such features reflect dynamic and interesting scenarios of evolutionary importance. the value of experimental data obtained from individual organisms is instantly magnified to the extent that given features of the experimental organism can be projected u ... | 2008 | 18322033 |
| a persistent and diverse airway microbiota present during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are a major source of morbidity and contribute significantly to healthcare costs. although bacterial infections are implicated in nearly 50% of exacerbations, only a handful of pathogens have been consistently identified in copd airways, primarily by culture-based methods, and the bacterial microbiota in acute exacerbations remains largely uncharacterized. the aim of this study was to comprehensively profile airway bacterial com ... | 2010 | 20141328 |
| functional metagenomics of spacecraft assembly cleanrooms: presence of virulence factors associated with human pathogens. | strict planetary protection practices are implemented during spacecraft assembly to prevent inadvertent transfer of earth microorganisms to other planetary bodies. therefore, spacecraft are assembled in cleanrooms, which undergo strict cleaning and decontamination procedures to reduce total microbial bioburden. we wanted to evaluate if these practices selectively favor survival and growth of hardy microorganisms, such as pathogens. three geographically distinct cleanrooms were sampled during the ... | 2016 | 27667984 |
| characterization of trapped lignin-degrading microbes in tropical forest soil. | lignin is often the most difficult portion of plant biomass to degrade, with fungi generally thought to dominate during late stage decomposition. lignin in feedstock plant material represents a barrier to more efficient plant biomass conversion and can also hinder enzymatic access to cellulose, which is critical for biofuels production. tropical rain forest soils in puerto rico are characterized by frequent anoxic conditions and fluctuating redox, suggesting the presence of lignin-degrading orga ... | 2011 | 21559391 |
| metabolic network modeling of microbial interactions in natural and engineered environmental systems. | we review approaches to characterize metabolic interactions within microbial communities using stoichiometric metabolic network (smn) models for applications in environmental and industrial biotechnology. smn models are computational tools used to evaluate the metabolic engineering potential of various organisms. they have successfully been applied to design and optimize the microbial production of antibiotics, alcohols and amino acids by single strains. to date however, such models have been ra ... | 2016 | 27242701 |
| novel conopeptides of largely unexplored indo pacific conus sp. | cone snails are predatory creatures using venom as a weapon for prey capture and defense. since this venom is neurotoxic, the venom gland is considered as an enormous collection of pharmacologically interesting compounds having a broad spectrum of targets. as such, cone snail peptides represent an interesting treasure for drug development. here, we report five novel peptides isolated from the venom of conus longurionis, conus asiaticus and conus australis. lo6/7a and lo6/7b were retrieved from c ... | 2016 | 27801785 |
| beneficial cyanobacteria and eubacteria synergistically enhance bioavailability of soil nutrients and yield of okra. | microorganisms in the rhizosphere mediate the cycling of nutrients, their enhanced mobilisation and facilitate their uptake, leading to increased root growth, biomass and yield of plants. we examined the promise of beneficial cyanobacteria and eubacteria as microbial inoculants, applied singly or in combination as consortia or biofilms, to improve growth and yields of okra. interrelationships among the microbial activities and the micro/macro nutrient dynamics in soils and okra yield characteris ... | 2016 | 27441245 |
| rapid identification and multiple susceptibility testing of pathogens from positive-culture sterile body fluids by a combined maldi-tof mass spectrometry and vitek susceptibility system. | infections of the bloodstream, central nervous system, peritoneum, joints, and other sterile areas are associated with high morbidity and sequelae risk. timely initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is crucial to improving patient prognosis. however, standard final identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (asts) are reported 16-48 h after a positive alert. for a rapid, effective and low-cost diagnosis, we combined matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mas ... | 2016 | 27148212 |
| comparison of bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer to bd phoenix automated microbiology system for identification of gram-negative bacilli. | we compared the bd phoenix automated microbiology system to the bruker biotyper (version 2.0) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry (ms) system for identification of gram-negative bacilli, using biochemical testing and/or genetic sequencing to resolve discordant results. the bd phoenix correctly identified 363 (83%) and 330 (75%) isolates to the genus and species level, respectively. the bruker biotyper correctly identified 408 (93%) and 360 (82 ... | 2011 | 21209160 |
| whole-genome sequencing of brevundimonas diminuta xgc1, isolated from a tuberculosis patient in gujarat, india. | we report the draft genome of brevundimonas diminuta strain xgc1, isolated from a tuberculosis-infected patient in gujarat, india. this study also reveals that the b. diminuta xgc1 strain has acquired mutation to confer resistance to quinolone drugs. | 2015 | 26112790 |
| infectious causes of cholesteatoma and treatment of infected ossicles prior to reimplantation by hydrostatic high-pressure inactivation. | chronic inflammation, which is caused by recurrent infections, is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. if reimplantation of autologous ossicles after a surgical intervention is intended, inactivation of planktonic bacteria and biofilms is desirable. high hydrostatic pressure treatment is a procedure, which has been used to inactivate cholesteatoma cells on ossicles. here we discuss the potential inactivating effect of high hydrostatic pressure on microbial pathog ... | 2015 | 25705686 |
| ability of the microscan rapid gram-negative id type 3 panel to identify nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. | the microscan rapid neg id3 panel is designed for the identification of enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. we evaluated this panel for its ability to identify gram-negative non-enterobacteriaceae bacteria. a total of 134 strains, representing 26 genera and 42 species, were taken from storage at -70(o)c, passaged three times before testing, and inoculated into the panels according to the manufacturer's directions before being inserted int ... | 2002 | 12354875 |
| comprehensive laboratory evaluation of a highly specific lateral flow assay for the presumptive identification of bacillus anthracis spores in suspicious white powders and environmental samples. | we conducted a comprehensive, multiphase laboratory evaluation of the anthrax biothreat alert(®) test strip, a lateral flow immunoassay (lfa) for the rapid detection of bacillus anthracis spores. the study, conducted at 2 sites, evaluated this assay for the detection of spores from the ames and sterne strains of b. anthracis, as well as those from an additional 22 strains. phylogenetic near neighbors, environmental background organisms, white powders, and environmental samples were also tested. ... | 2016 | 27661796 |
| influence of substrate mineralogy on bacterial mineralization of calcium carbonate: implications for stone conservation. | the influence of mineral substrate composition and structure on bacterial calcium carbonate productivity and polymorph selection was studied. bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation occurred on calcitic (iceland spar single crystals, marble, and porous limestone) and silicate (glass coverslips, porous sintered glass, and quartz sandstone) substrates following culturing in liquid medium (m-3p) inoculated with different types of bacteria (myxococcus xanthus, brevundimonas diminuta, and a carbona ... | 2012 | 22447589 |
| the dual role of microbes in corrosion. | corrosion is the result of a series of chemical, physical and (micro) biological processes leading to the deterioration of materials such as steel and stone. it is a world-wide problem with great societal and economic consequences. current corrosion control strategies based on chemically produced products are under increasing pressure of stringent environmental regulations. furthermore, they are rather inefficient. therefore, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly and sustainable c ... | 2014 | 25259571 |
| the dual role of microbes in corrosion. | corrosion is the result of a series of chemical, physical and (micro) biological processes leading to the deterioration of materials such as steel and stone. it is a world-wide problem with great societal and economic consequences. current corrosion control strategies based on chemically produced products are under increasing pressure of stringent environmental regulations. furthermore, they are rather inefficient. therefore, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly and sustainable c ... | 2014 | 25259571 |
| modularity and determinants of a (bi-)polarization control system from free-living and obligate intracellular bacteria. | although free-living and obligate intracellular bacteria are both polarized it is unclear whether the underlying polarization mechanisms and effector proteins are conserved. here we dissect at the cytological, functional and structural level a conserved polarization module from the free living α-proteobacterium caulobacter crescentus and an orthologous system from an obligate intracellular (rickettsial) pathogen. the nmr solution structure of the zinc-finger (znr) domain from the bifunctional an ... | 2016 | 28008852 |
| lipidblast templates as flexible tools for creating new in-silico tandem mass spectral libraries. | tandem mass spectral libraries (ms/ms) are usually built by acquiring experimentally measured mass spectra from chemical reference compounds. we here show the versatility of in-silico or computer generated tandem mass spectra that are directly obtained from compound structures. we use the freely available lipidblast development software to generate 15 000 ms/ms spectra of the glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (glcadg) lipid class, recently discovered for the first time in plants. the generation of such ... | 2014 | 25340521 |
| high voltage electrochemiluminescence (ecl) as a new method for detection of pah during screening for pah-degrading microbial consortia. | the search for new bacterial consortia capable of removing pah from the environment is associated with the need to employ novel, simple, and economically efficient detection methods. a fluorimetric method (fl) as well as high voltage electrochemiluminescence (ecl) on a modified surface of an aluminum electrode were used in order to determine the changes in the concentrations of pah in the studied aqueous solutions. the ecl signal (the spectrum and emission intensity for a given wavelength) was d ... | 2015 | 26213425 |
| temporal changes in the bacterial community of animal feces and their correlation with stable fly oviposition, larval development, and adult fitness. | stable flies are blood-feeding insects with a great negative impact on animals world wide. larvae develop primarily in animal manure and bacteria are essential for larval development; however, the principle of this dependence is not understood. we hypothesized that as the microbial community of animal manure changes over time, it plays an important role in stable fly fitness. two-choice bioassays were conducted using 2 week old horse manure (control) and aging horse manure (fresh to 5 week old) ... | 2014 | 25426108 |
| catalytic bioscavengers against toxic esters, an alternative approach for prophylaxis and treatments of poisonings. | bioscavengers are biopharmaceuticals that specifically react with toxicants. thus, enzymes reacting with poisonous esters can be used as bioscavengers for neutralization of toxic molecules before they reach physiological targets. parenteral administration of bioscavengers is, therefore, intended for prophylaxis or pre-treatments, emergency and post-exposure treatments of intoxications. these enzymes can also be used for application on skin, mucosa and wounds as active components of topical skin ... | 2009 | 22649587 |
| the evolution of new enzyme function: lessons from xenobiotic metabolizing bacteria versus insecticide-resistant insects. | here, we compare the evolutionary routes by which bacteria and insects have evolved enzymatic processes for the degradation of four classes of synthetic chemical insecticide. for insects, the selective advantage of such degradative activities is survival on exposure to the insecticide, whereas for the bacteria the advantage is simply a matter of access to additional sources of nutrients. nevertheless, bacteria have evolved highly efficient enzymes from a wide variety of enzyme families, whereas ... | 2011 | 25567970 |
| biochemical and susceptibility tests useful for identification of nonfermenting gram-negative rods. | six hundred nineteen strains of nonfermenting gram-negative rods were tested for alkaline phosphatase, benzyl-arginine arylamidase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, ethylene glycol acidification, and susceptibility to desferrioxamine and colistin. the results were highly discriminant. therefore, the proposed tests may be helpful for the identification of this group of organisms. | 2002 | 11880447 |
| evaluation of the new vitek 2 card for identification of clinically relevant gram-negative rods. | the vitek 2 card for gram-negative bacteria (biomérieux,marcy-l'etoile, france) has been redesigned to improve the identification of fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli. forty-seven biochemical tests, including 19 enzymatic tests, are present in the new card and interpreted in a kinetic mode. final identification results are available within 10 h. the database allows the identification of 159 different taxa. six hundred fifty-five gram-negative rods (gnr; 511 fermenters and 144 nonfermenters), ... | 2004 | 15364991 |
| quantitative determination of free-dna uptake in river bacteria at the single-cell level by in situ rolling-circle amplification. | detection of plasmid dna uptake in river bacteria at the single-cell level was carried out by rolling-circle amplification (rca). uptake of a plasmid containing the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) by indigenous bacteria from two rivers in osaka, japan, was monitored for 506 h using this in situ gene amplification technique with optimized cell permeabilization conditions. plasmid uptake determined by in situ rca was compared to direct counts of cells expressing gfp under fluorescence microsc ... | 2006 | 16957252 |
| comparison of traditional phenotypic identification methods with partial 5' 16s rrna gene sequencing for species-level identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. | correct identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (nfb) is crucial for patient management. we compared phenotypic identifications of 96 clinical nfb isolates with identifications obtained by 5' 16s rrna gene sequencing. sequencing identified 88 isolates (91.7%) with >99% similarity to a sequence from the assigned species; 61.5% of sequencing results were concordant with phenotypic results, indicating the usability of sequencing to identify nfb. | 2010 | 20164273 |
| direct bacterial identification in positive blood cultures by use of two commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for the identification of bacteria and fungi was recently introduced in microbiology laboratories. this technology could greatly improve the clinical management of patients and guidance for chemotherapy. in this study, we used a commercial maldi sepsityper extraction method to evaluate the performance of two commercial maldi-tof ms systems, the vitek ms ivd (biomérieux) and the microflex lt biotyper (bruk ... | 2013 | 23515548 |
| novel selective medium for isolation of staphylococcus lugdunensis from wound specimens. | we compared a novel selective staphylococcus lugdunensis (ssl) medium with routine media (blood and chocolate agars) for the detection of s. lugdunensis in 990 clinical specimens (from tissue, pus, or wound swabs). significantly more s. lugdunensis isolates were detected on ssl medium (34/990) than on routine medium (7/990) (p = 0.001, mcnemar's test). | 2014 | 24759715 |
| whole-genome sequence of chryseobacterium oranimense, a colistin-resistant bacterium isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient in france. | for the first time, we report the whole-genome sequence analysis of chryseobacterium oranimense g311, a multidrug-resistant bacterium, from a cystic fibrosis patient in france, including resistance to colistin. whole-genome sequencing of c. oranimense g311 was performed using ion torrent pgm, and rast, the embl-ebi server, and the antibiotic resistance gene-annotation (arg-annot) database were used for annotation of all genes, including antibiotic resistance (ar) genes. general features of the c ... | 2015 | 25583710 |
| comparative study of plasma endotoxin with procalcitonin levels in diagnosis of bacteremia in intensive care unit patients. | both procalcitonin (pct) and plasma endotoxin levels cannot be solely used for a definite diagnosis of bacteremia or sepsis, and there has been few study comparing the values of the two biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacteremia. the aim of this study was to identify bacteria causing bacteremia and evaluate the role of the two biomarkers in the diagnosis of bacteremia in intensive care unit (icu). | 2016 | 26879015 |
| catalytic mechanisms for phosphotriesterases. | phosphotriesters are one class of highly toxic synthetic compounds known as organophosphates. wide spread usage of organophosphates as insecticides as well as nerve agents has lead to numerous efforts to identify enzymes capable of detoxifying them. a wide array of enzymes has been found to have phosphotriesterase activity including phosphotriesterase (pte), methyl parathion hydrolase (mph), organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (opaa), diisopropylfluorophosphatase (dfp), and paraoxonase 1 (pon1). t ... | 2012 | 22561533 |
| catalytic mechanisms for phosphotriesterases. | phosphotriesters are one class of highly toxic synthetic compounds known as organophosphates. wide spread usage of organophosphates as insecticides as well as nerve agents has lead to numerous efforts to identify enzymes capable of detoxifying them. a wide array of enzymes has been found to have phosphotriesterase activity including phosphotriesterase (pte), methyl parathion hydrolase (mph), organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (opaa), diisopropylfluorophosphatase (dfp), and paraoxonase 1 (pon1). t ... | 2012 | 22561533 |
| emerging organisms in a tertiary healthcare set up. | one-tenth of all infectious diseases are attributable to emerging organisms. as emerging organisms sporadically affect a relatively small percentage of population they are not studied at large. this study was aimed at studying the characteristics of emerging organisms encountered from various clinical samples in an apex tertiary care multispeciality teaching and research hospital. | 2013 | 24843199 |
| emerging organisms in a tertiary healthcare set up. | one-tenth of all infectious diseases are attributable to emerging organisms. as emerging organisms sporadically affect a relatively small percentage of population they are not studied at large. this study was aimed at studying the characteristics of emerging organisms encountered from various clinical samples in an apex tertiary care multispeciality teaching and research hospital. | 2013 | 24843199 |
| detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases resistance genes among bacteria isolated from selected drinking water distribution channels in southwestern nigeria. | extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) provide high level resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among bacteria. in this study, previously described multidrug resistant bacteria from raw, treated, and municipal taps of dwds from selected dams in southwestern nigeria were assessed for the presence of esbl resistance genes which include bla tem, bla shv, and bla ctx by pcr amplification. a total of 164 bacteria spread across treated (33), raw (66), and municipal taps (68), belonging to α-proteoba ... | 2016 | 27563674 |
| lysine carboxylation: unveiling a spontaneous post-translational modification. | the carboxylation of lysine residues is a post-translational modification (ptm) that plays a critical role in the catalytic mechanisms of several important enzymes. it occurs spontaneously under certain physicochemical conditions, but is difficult to detect experimentally. its full impact is unknown. in this work, the signature microenvironment of lysine-carboxylation sites has been characterized. in addition, a computational method called predictor of lysine carboxylation (prelyscar) for the de ... | 2013 | 24419378 |
| lysine carboxylation: unveiling a spontaneous post-translational modification. | the carboxylation of lysine residues is a post-translational modification (ptm) that plays a critical role in the catalytic mechanisms of several important enzymes. it occurs spontaneously under certain physicochemical conditions, but is difficult to detect experimentally. its full impact is unknown. in this work, the signature microenvironment of lysine-carboxylation sites has been characterized. in addition, a computational method called predictor of lysine carboxylation (prelyscar) for the de ... | 2013 | 24419378 |
| high interlaboratory reproducibility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based species identification of nonfermenting bacteria. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry has emerged as a rapid, cost-effective alternative for bacterial species identification. identifying 60 blind-coded nonfermenting bacteria samples, this international study (using eight laboratories) achieved 98.75% interlaboratory reproducibility. only 6 of the 480 samples were misidentified due to interchanges (4 samples) or contamination (1 sample) or not identified because of insufficient signal intensity (1 sample) ... | 2009 | 19776231 |
| microbiological pattern of arterial catheters in the intensive care unit. | intravascular catheter related infection (cri) is one of the most serious nosocomial infections. diagnostic criteria include a positive culture from the catheter tip along with blood, yet in many patients with signs of infection, current culture techniques fail to identify pathogens on catheter segments. we hypothesised that a molecular examination of the bacterial community on short term arterial catheters (acs) would improve our understanding of the variety of organisms that are present in thi ... | 2010 | 20955628 |
| antibiotic resistance characteristics of environmental bacteria from an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river. | we characterized the bacterial populations in surface water receiving effluent from an oxytetracycline (otc) production plant. additional sampling sites included the receiving river water 5 km upstream and 20 km downstream from the discharge point. high levels of otc were found in the wastewater (ww), and the antibiotic was still detectable in river water downstream (rwd), with undetectable levels in river water upstream (rwu). a total of 341 bacterial strains were isolated using nonselective me ... | 2010 | 20400569 |
| clinical significance of microbial infection and adaptation in cystic fibrosis. | a select group of microorganisms inhabit the airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis. once established within the pulmonary environment in these patients, many of these microbes adapt by altering aspects of their structure and physiology. some of these microbes and adaptations are associated with more rapid deterioration in lung function and overall clinical status, whereas others appear to have little effect. here we review current evidence supporting or refuting a role for the different mi ... | 2011 | 21233507 |
| application of a battery of biotests for the determination of leachate toxicity to bacteria and invertebrates from sewage sludge-amended soil. | the objective of the study was to determine the leachates toxicity from sewage sludge-amended soils (sandy and loamy). samples originated from a plot experiment realized over a period of 29 months. two types of soil were fertilized with sewage sludges at the dose of 3 % (90 t/ha). soil samples were taken after 0, 7, 17, and 29 months from the application of sewage sludges. leachates were obtained according to the en 12457-2 protocol. the following commercial tests were applied for the estimation ... | 2012 | 23132406 |
| application of a battery of biotests for the determination of leachate toxicity to bacteria and invertebrates from sewage sludge-amended soil. | the objective of the study was to determine the leachates toxicity from sewage sludge-amended soils (sandy and loamy). samples originated from a plot experiment realized over a period of 29 months. two types of soil were fertilized with sewage sludges at the dose of 3 % (90 t/ha). soil samples were taken after 0, 7, 17, and 29 months from the application of sewage sludges. leachates were obtained according to the en 12457-2 protocol. the following commercial tests were applied for the estimation ... | 2012 | 23132406 |
| microbes and asthma: the missing cellular and molecular links. | in this review, we describe the 'state-of-the-art' in our knowledge of asthma and what gaps exist, which can be exploited in the future for effective translation of our knowledge from the bench or population studies to diagnosis and therapy. | 2012 | 22113000 |
| validation of vitek 2 nonfermenting gram-negative cards and vitek 2 version 4.02 software for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of nonfermenting gram-negative rods from patients with cystic fibrosis. | accurate identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of nonfermenters from cystic fibrosis patients are essential for appropriate antimicrobial treatment. this study examined the ability of the newly designed vitek 2 nonfermenting gram-negative card (ngnc) (new gram-negative identification card; biomérieux, marcy-l'etoile, france) to identify nonfermenting gram-negative rods from cystic fibrosis patients in comparison to reference methods and the accuracy of the new vitek 2 ver ... | 2009 | 19710272 |
| analysis of the bacterial communities present in lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis from american and british centers. | the aim of this study was to determine whether geographical differences impact the composition of bacterial communities present in the airways of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients attending cf centers in the united states or united kingdom. thirty-eight patients were matched on the basis of clinical parameters into 19 pairs comprised of one u.s. and one united kingdom patient. analysis was performed to determine what, if any, bacterial correlates could be identified. two culture-independent strategi ... | 2010 | 21068277 |
| analysis of the bacterial communities present in lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis from american and british centers. | the aim of this study was to determine whether geographical differences impact the composition of bacterial communities present in the airways of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients attending cf centers in the united states or united kingdom. thirty-eight patients were matched on the basis of clinical parameters into 19 pairs comprised of one u.s. and one united kingdom patient. analysis was performed to determine what, if any, bacterial correlates could be identified. two culture-independent strategi ... | 2010 | 21068277 |
| the lung tissue microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | based on surface brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, hilty and coworkers demonstrated microbiomes in the human lung characteristic of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), which have now been confirmed by others. | 2012 | 22427533 |
| quorum quenching revisited--from signal decays to signalling confusion. | in a polymicrobial community, while some bacteria are communicating with neighboring cells (quorum sensing), others are interrupting the communication (quorum quenching), thus creating a constant arms race between intercellular communication. in the past decade, numerous quorum quenching enzymes have been found and initially thought to inactivate the signalling molecules. though this is widely accepted, the actual roles of these quorum quenching enzymes are now being uncovered. recent evidence e ... | 2012 | 22666051 |
| enhanced diagnostic yields of bacteremia and candidemia in blood specimens by pcr-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | a prospective study was performed to determine the value of direct molecular testing of whole blood for detecting the presence of culturable and unculturable bacteria and yeasts in patients with suspected bloodstream infections. a total of 464 adult and pediatric patients with positive blood cultures matched with 442 patients with negative blood cultures collected during the same period were recruited during a 10-month study. pcr amplification coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectromet ... | 2013 | 23966503 |
| pandoraea pulmonicola chronic colonization in a cystic fibrosis patient, france. | pandoraea are considered emerging multidrug resistant pathogens in the context of cystic fibrosis. we report herein for the first time the case of a 30-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis, living in france, who was chronically infected with pandoraea pulmonicola and who died of pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis 3 weeks after bilateral lung transplantation. | 2013 | 25356323 |
| evolution and impact of bacterial drug resistance in the context of cystic fibrosis disease and nosocomial settings. | the use of antibiotics is unavoidable in trying to treat acute infections and in the prevention and control of chronic infections. over the years, an ever increasing number of infections has escalated the use of antibiotics, which has necessitated action against an emerging bacterial resistance. there seems to be a continuous acquisition of new resistance mechanisms among bacteria that switch niches between human, animals, and the environment. an antibiotic resistant strain emerges when it acqui ... | 2013 | 24826072 |
| performance of mass spectrometric identification of bacteria and yeasts routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory using maldi-tof ms. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is an emerging technology newly applied to identifying bacterial and yeast strains. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the vitek(®) ms system in the identification of bacteria and yeast strains routinely isolated from clinical samples. | 2014 | 24822114 |
| functional characterization and evaluation of in vitro protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies burk24 and burk37 against burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis has been recognized by cdc as a category b select agent. although substantial efforts have been made for development of vaccine molecules against the pathogen, significant hurdles still remain. with no licensed vaccines available and high relapse rate of the disease, there is a pressing need for development of alternate protection strategies. antibody-mediated passive protection is promising in this regard and our primary interest was ... | 2014 | 24614539 |
| bacterial degradation of monocyclic aromatic amines. | aromatic amines are an important group of industrial chemicals, which are widely used for manufacturing of dyes, pesticides, drugs, pigments, and other industrial products. these compounds have been considered highly toxic to human beings due to their carcinogenic nature. three groups of aromatic amines have been recognized: monocyclic, polycyclic, and heterocyclic aromatic amines. bacterial degradation of several monocyclic aromatic amines has been studied in a variety of bacteria, which utiliz ... | 2015 | 26347719 |
| enrichment of an endosulfan-degrading mixed bacterial culture. | an endosulfan-degrading mixed bacterial culture was enriched from soil with a history of endosulfan exposure. enrichment was obtained by using the insecticide as the sole source of sulfur. chemical hydrolysis was minimized by using strongly buffered culture medium (ph 6.6), and the detergent tween 80 was included to emulsify the insecticide, thereby increasing the amount of endosulfan in contact with the bacteria. no growth occurred in control cultures in the absence of endosulfan. degradation o ... | 2000 | 10877774 |
| unveiling the organisms behind novel eukaryotic ribosomal dna sequences from the ocean. | despite the fact that the smallest eukaryotes (cells less than 5 micro m in diameter) play key roles in marine food webs, particularly in open oligotrophic areas, the study of their in situ diversity started just one year ago. perhaps the most remarkable finding of the most recent studies has been the discovery of completely new phylogenetic lineages, such as novel clades belonging to the stramenopile and alveolate phyla. the two new groups account for a significant fraction of clones in genetic ... | 2002 | 12200313 |
| structural features differentiate the mechanisms between 2s (2 state) and 3s (3 state) folding homodimers. | the formation of homodimer complexes for interface stability, catalysis and regulation is intriguing. the mechanisms of homodimer complexations are even more interesting. some homodimers form without intermediates (two-state (2s)) and others through the formation of stable intermediates (three-state (3s)). here, we analyze 41 homodimer (25 2s and 16 3s) structures determined by x-ray crystallography to estimate structural differences between them. the analysis suggests that a combination of stru ... | 2005 | 17597851 |
| conformational sampling, catalysis, and evolution of the bacterial phosphotriesterase. | to efficiently catalyze a chemical reaction, enzymes are required to maintain fast rates for formation of the michaelis complex, the chemical reaction and product release. these distinct demands could be satisfied via fluctuation between different conformational substates (css) with unique configurations and catalytic properties. however, there is debate as to how these rapid conformational changes, or dynamics, exactly affect catalysis. as a model system, we have studied bacterial phosphotriest ... | 2009 | 19966226 |
| isolation and identification of profenofos degrading bacteria. | an enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains responsible for the biodegradation of profenofos in a soil from hubei province of central china. two pure bacterial cultures, named w and y, were isolated and subsequently characterized by sequencing of 16s rrna genes and biochemical tests. isolate w showed 96% similarity to the 16s rrna gene of a pseudomonas putida unlike y which showed 99% similarity to the 16s rrna gene of burkholderia gladioli. both strains grew well at ph ... | 2009 | 24031438 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of the detoxification of paraoxon catalyzed by phosphotriesterase. | combined qm(pm3)/mm molecular dynamics simulations together with qm(dft)/mm optimizations for key configurations have been performed to elucidate the enzymatic catalysis mechanism on the detoxification of paraoxon by phosphotriesterase (pte). in the simulations, the pm3 parameters for the phosphorous atom were reoptimized. the equilibrated configuration of the enzyme/substrate complex showed that paraoxon can strongly bind to the more solvent-exposed metal ion zn(beta), but the free energy profi ... | 2009 | 19353598 |
| probing mechanisms for enzymatic activity enhancement of organophosphorus hydrolase in functionalized mesoporous silica. | we have previously reported that organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) can be spontaneously entrapped in functionalized mesoporous silica (fms) with hooc- as the functional groups and the entrapped oph in hooc-fms showed enhanced enzyme specific activity. this work is to study the mechanisms that why oph entrapped in fms displayed the enhanced activity in views of oph-fms interactions using spectroscopic methods. the circular dichroism (cd) spectra show that, comparing to the secondary structure of o ... | 2009 | 19874798 |
| hotspot wizard: a web server for identification of hot spots in protein engineering. | hotspot wizard is a web server for automatic identification of 'hot spots' for engineering of substrate specificity, activity or enantioselectivity of enzymes and for annotation of protein structures. the web server implements the protein engineering protocol, which targets evolutionarily variable amino acid positions located in the active site or lining the access tunnels. the 'hot spots' for mutagenesis are selected through the integration of structural, functional and evolutionary information ... | 2009 | 19465397 |
| filter preconditioning enables representative scaled-down modelling of filter capacity and viral clearance by mitigating the impact of virus spike impurities. | endogenous and adventitious virus removal by size-exclusion membrane filtration is a critical dedicated step in an overall viral clearance strategy employed by biologics manufacturers as required by industry regulators. however, the addition of impurities from virus spike preparations used in validation studies can significantly reduce filter capacity, resulting in an oversized and suboptimal virus filtration step. the hydraulic filter performance and virus retention observed in conventional sca ... | 2009 | 18844606 |
| avian incubation inhibits growth and diversification of bacterial assemblages on eggs. | microbial infection is a critical source of mortality for early life stages of oviparous vertebrates, but parental defenses against infection are less well known. avian incubation has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of trans-shell infection by limiting microbial growth of pathogenic bacteria on eggshells, while enhancing growth of commensal or beneficial bacteria that inhibit or competitively exclude pathogens. we tested this hypothesis by comparing bacterial assemblages on naturally incuba ... | 2009 | 19225566 |
| transient expression of organophosphorus hydrolase to enhance the degrading activity of tomato fruit on coumaphos. | we constructed an expression cassette of the organophosphorus pesticide degrading (opd) gene under the control of the e8 promoter. then opd was transformed into tomato fruit using an agroinfiltration transient expression system. beta-glucuronidase (gus) staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), wavelength scanning, and fluorescent reaction were performed to examine the expression of the opd gene and the hydrolysis activity on coumaphos of organophosphorus hydrolase (oph ... | 2009 | 19235273 |
| from solvolysis to self-assembly. | my sojourn from classical physical-organic chemistry and solvolysis to self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry, over the last forty years, is described. my contributions to unsaturated reactive intermediates, namely vinyl cations and unsaturated carbenes, along with my decade-long involvement with polyvalent iodine chemistry, especially alkynyliodonium salts, as well as my more recent research with metal-ligand, coordination driven, and directed self-assembly of finite supramolecular ensemble ... | 2009 | 19111062 |
| stereoselective hydrolysis of organophosphate nerve agents by the bacterial phosphotriesterase. | organophosphorus compounds include many synthetic, neurotoxic substances that are commonly used as insecticides. the toxicity of these compounds is due to their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholine esterase. some of the most toxic organophosphates have been adapted for use as chemical warfare agents; the most well-known are ga, gb, gd, gf, vx, and vr. all of these compounds contain a chiral phosphorus center, with the s(p) enantiomers being significantly more toxic than the r(p) enantiome ... | 2010 | 20701311 |
| structural determinants for the stereoselective hydrolysis of chiral substrates by phosphotriesterase. | wild-type phosphotriesterase (pte) preferentially hydrolyzes the r(p) enantiomers of the nerve agents sarin (gb) and cyclosarin (gf) and their chromophoric analogues. the active site of pte can be subdivided into three binding pockets that have been denoted as the small, large, and leaving group pockets based on high-resolution crystal structures. the sizes and shapes of these pockets dictate the substrate specificity and stereoselectivity for catalysis. mutants of pte that exhibit substantial c ... | 2010 | 20695627 |
| identification of wastewater bacteria involved in the degradation of triclocarban and its non-chlorinated congener. | triclocarban (tcc) is an antimicrobial additive of personal care products that is only partially degraded during wastewater treatment. bacteria responsible for its transformation are unknown. we obtained wastewater bacteria capable of using as the sole carbon source tcc or its non-chlorinated analog, carbanilide (ncc). enrichments established using activated sludge amended with tcc and ncc, respectively, were maintained for 1 year through successive transfers. enrichments displayed exponential g ... | 2010 | 20727675 |
| monitoring of diisopropyl fluorophosphate hydrolysis by fluoride-selective polymeric films using absorbance spectroscopy. | in this study, a novel system for the detection and quantification of organofluorophosphonates (ofp) has been developed by using an optical sensing polymeric membrane to detect the fluoride ions produced upon ofp hydrolysis. diisopropyl fluorophosphate (dfp), a structural analogue of type g chemical warfare agents such as sarin (gb) and soman (gd), is used as the surrogate target analyte. an optical sensing fluoride ion selective polymeric film was formulated from plasticized pvc containing alum ... | 2010 | 20441875 |
| rnai suppression of arogenate dehydratase1 reveals that phenylalanine is synthesized predominantly via the arogenate pathway in petunia petals. | l-phe, a protein building block and precursor of numerous phenolic compounds, is synthesized from prephenate via an arogenate and/or phenylpyruvate route in which arogenate dehydratase (adt) or prephenate dehydratase, respectively, plays a key role. here, we used petunia hybrida flowers, which are rich in phe-derived volatiles, to determine the biosynthetic routes involved in phe formation in planta. of the three identified petunia adts, expression of adt1 was the highest in petunia petals and p ... | 2010 | 20215586 |
| the role of nonbonded interactions in the conformational dynamics of organophosphorous hydrolase adsorbed onto functionalized mesoporous silica surfaces. | the enzyme organophosphorous hydrolase (oph) catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide variety of organophosphorous compounds with high catalytic efficiency and broad substrate specificity. the immobilization of oph in functionalized mesoporous silica (fms) surfaces increases significantly its catalytic specific activity, as compared to the enzyme in solution, with important applications for the detection and decontamination of insecticides and chemical warfare agents. experimental measurements of immo ... | 2010 | 19938866 |
| conformational variability of organophosphorus hydrolase upon soman and paraoxon binding. | the bacterial enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) exhibits both catalytic and substrate promiscuity. it hydrolyzes bonds in a variety of phosphotriester (p-o), phosphonothioate (p-s), phosphofluoridate (p-f), and phosphonocyanate (f-cn) compounds. however, its catalytic efficiency varies markedly for different substrates, limiting the broad-range application of oph as catalyst in the bioremediation of pesticides and chemical war agents. in the present study, pk(a) calculations and multiple e ... | 2011 | 22098575 |
| clinically defined chemotherapy-associated bowel syndrome predicts severe complications and death in cancer patients. | neutropenic patients are at risk of abdominal complications and yet the incidence and impact of these complications on patients' morbidity and mortality have not been sufficiently evaluated. we aimed to assess a clinical rule for early detection of abdominal complications leading to death or transfer to intensive care in patients with chemotherapy-associated neutropenia. | 2011 | 21859736 |
| toward a systems biology perspective on enzyme evolution. | large superfamilies of enzymes derived from a common progenitor have emerged by duplication and divergence of genes encoding metabolic enzymes. division of the functions of early generalist enzymes enhanced catalytic power and control over metabolic fluxes. later, novel enzymes evolved from inefficient secondary activities in specialized enzymes. enzymes operate in the context of complex metabolic and regulatory networks. the potential for evolution of a new enzyme depends upon the collection of ... | 2011 | 22069330 |
| toward a systems biology perspective on enzyme evolution. | large superfamilies of enzymes derived from a common progenitor have emerged by duplication and divergence of genes encoding metabolic enzymes. division of the functions of early generalist enzymes enhanced catalytic power and control over metabolic fluxes. later, novel enzymes evolved from inefficient secondary activities in specialized enzymes. enzymes operate in the context of complex metabolic and regulatory networks. the potential for evolution of a new enzyme depends upon the collection of ... | 2011 | 22069330 |
| divergence and convergence in enzyme evolution: parallel evolution of paraoxonases from quorum-quenching lactonases. | we discuss the basic features of divergent versus convergent evolution and of the common scenario of parallel evolution. the example of quorum-quenching lactonases is subsequently described. three different quorum-quenching lactonase families are known, and they belong to three different superfamilies. their key active-site architectures have converged and are strikingly similar. curiously, a promiscuous organophosphate hydrolase activity is observed in all three families. we describe the struct ... | 2011 | 22069329 |
| divergence and convergence in enzyme evolution: parallel evolution of paraoxonases from quorum-quenching lactonases. | we discuss the basic features of divergent versus convergent evolution and of the common scenario of parallel evolution. the example of quorum-quenching lactonases is subsequently described. three different quorum-quenching lactonase families are known, and they belong to three different superfamilies. their key active-site architectures have converged and are strikingly similar. curiously, a promiscuous organophosphate hydrolase activity is observed in all three families. we describe the struct ... | 2011 | 22069329 |
| packaging considerations for biopreservation. | summary: the packaging system chosen for biopreservation is critical for many reasons. an ideal biopreservation container system must provide for closure integrity, sample stability and ready access to the preserved material. this means the system needs to be hermetically sealed to ensure integrity of the specimen is maintained throughout processing, storage and distribution; the system must remain stable over long periods of time as many biobanked samples may be stored indefinitely; and functio ... | 2011 | 21566715 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the organophosphorus hydrolase ophc2 from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | enzymes that are capable of degrading neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds are of increasing interest because of the lack of efficient and clean methods for their removal. recently, a novel organophosphorus hydrolase belonging to the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily was identified and isolated from the mesophilic bacterium pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. this enzyme, named ophc2, is endowed with significant thermal and ph stability, making it an appealing candidate for engineering studies to deve ... | 2012 | 23295492 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the organophosphorus hydrolase ophc2 from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | enzymes that are capable of degrading neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds are of increasing interest because of the lack of efficient and clean methods for their removal. recently, a novel organophosphorus hydrolase belonging to the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily was identified and isolated from the mesophilic bacterium pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. this enzyme, named ophc2, is endowed with significant thermal and ph stability, making it an appealing candidate for engineering studies to deve ... | 2012 | 23295492 |
| multiple mechanisms contribute to lateral transfer of an organophosphate degradation (opd) island in sphingobium fuliginis atcc 27551. | the complete sequence of ppdl2 (37,317 bp), an indigenous plasmid of sphingobium fuliginis atcc 27551 that encodes genes for organophosphate degradation (opd), revealed the existence of a site-specific integrase (int) gene with an attachment site attp, typically seen in integrative mobilizable elements (ime). in agreement with this sequence information, site-specific recombination was observed between ppdl2 and an artificial plasmid having a temperature-sensitive replicon and a cloned attb site ... | 2012 | 23275877 |
| advances in toxicology and medical treatment of chemical warfare nerve agents. | organophosphorous (op) nerve agents (nas) are known as the deadliest chemical warfare agents. they are divided into two classes of g and v agents. most of them are liquid at room temperature. nas chemical structures and mechanisms of actions are similar to op pesticides, but their toxicities are higher than these compounds. the main mechanism of action is irreversible inhibition of acetyl choline esterase (ache) resulting in accumulation of toxic levels of acetylcholine (ach) at the synaptic jun ... | 2012 | 23351280 |
| characterisation of the organophosphate hydrolase catalytic activity of ssopox. | ssopox is a lactonase endowed with promiscuous phosphotriesterase activity isolated from sulfolobus solfataricus that belongs to the phosphotriesterase-like lactonase family. because of its intrinsic thermal stability, ssopox is seen as an appealing candidate as a bioscavenger for organophosphorus compounds. a comprehensive kinetic characterisation of ssopox has been performed with various phosphotriesters (insecticides) and phosphodiesters (nerve agent analogues) as substrates. we show that sso ... | 2012 | 23139857 |