| [the demographic and fertility characteristics of women using iuds]. | the demographic and fertility characteristics of iud users in turkey are examined. the data concern 433 individuals, including 174 controls, living in squatter settlements adjoining ankara, and were collected by means of a retrospective questionnaire. it is found that educational level is the key factor affecting the use of modern contraceptive methods (summary in eng) | 1986 | 12159436 |
| [the recent legal status of induced abortion in turkey]. | population planning code no. 2827 which changed some articles of the turkish criminal code regarding those who practice and arrange induced abortion came into force in 1983. through this code, induced abortion is now permitted within a defined period of time. as a result of this change, new concepts and elements regarding induced abortion have appeared in the law. in this study, the recent legal status of induced abortion in turkey has been examined, and by arguing its position within the con ... | 1984 | 12159457 |
| fertility estimates for turkey according to the 1980 general census of population derived by direct computation and by the brass method. | an analysis of recent trends in fertility in turkey is presented using data from the 1980 census. total fertility rates are derived for turkey and for the 67 provinces by using direct computation and by applying methods of indirect estimation developed by william brass. regional fertility differentials are described, and the differences between the fertility rates obtained using the two methods are discussed. (summary in tur) | 1984 | 12159458 |
| turkey. | | 1982 | 12265651 |
| [knowledge, attitude, and practice of family planning among women aged 15-44 in the yildizeli district of sivas]. | in this report the results and findings obtained in a survey applied in yildizeli district among ever married women aged 15-44 on various aspects of family planning were presented. it was indicated that the socioeconomic, educational, and health levels of people surveyed were rather low (even lower educationally for women) when compared with those throughout turkey. in addition to these, it was found that: 1) in yildizeli, the small family norm was dominant as it is throughout turkey; 2) ever ... | 1985 | 12159461 |
| is withdrawal a handicap for fertility regulation? | the results of a survey concerning coitus interruptus in turkey are presented. the survey concerned approximately 1,000 women aged 15-19 living in four villages and two urban areas in the etimesgut region, located about 25 kilometers from ankara. the results indicate a high level of use of coitus interruptus. the authors discuss strategies for emphasizing the contraceptive failure associated with traditional methods in order to convert users to more effective methods (summary in tur) | 1986 | 12159462 |
| alienation of the outsider: the plight of migrants. | this paper compares the plight of international migrants with those from rural to urban areas, examining specifically the migration of turks into europe and into turkish metropolitan centers. this allows comparison of migrant groups with the same point of origin in terms of national, ethnic, cultural, religious, and social characteristics, as well as the same traditional family culture. economic factors are the main reasons for immigration into europe. the migrant worker and his family often ... | 1987 | 12159594 |
| turkey. | focus in this discussion of turkey is on the following: geography; the people; history; government and political conditions; the economy; defense; and relations between the us and turkey. in 1986, turkey's population was estimated to be 51.8 million with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. the infant mortality rate is 12.3/1000 with a life expectancy of 62.7 years. turkey is located partly in europe and partly in asia. since 1950, urban areas have experienced tremendous growth, and squatter dwel ... | 1988 | 12177973 |
| [the effects of international migration on the geographical distribution of the population]. | | 1977 | 12178266 |
| [foreigners in the territory of the federal republic of germany, 1986]. | the author provides data for recent years on the foreign population in the states of the federal republic of germany and compares the west german foreign population with that of other european countries and the world. the data indicate increased migration, particularly of refugees; decreased emigration of foreigners; and increased births among foreigners. the foreign population is broken down by country of origin, with turkish immigrants accounting for the largest portion. | 1987 | 12178701 |
| foreign workers in germany: the turkish connection. | | 1978 | 12178945 |
| president mubarak, turkish family planning foundation receive un population award. | on june 14, 1994, president hosni mubarak of egypt and vehbi koc, president of the turkish family health and planning foundation (tfhpf) received 1994 un population awards for outstanding work in increasing public awareness of population problems and their solutions. mubarak was chosen for his national and international leadership in population issues, and the tfhpf was chosen for its achievements in improving the quality of family planning services in turkey. in his presentation address, un s ... | 1994 | 12179003 |
| integrating development and population planning. | this article provides an overview of a research project recently completed by the population division of the department of international economic and social affairs of the united nations. the project entitled "experiences in integrating development and population planning", provides detailed analyses of the national experiences of india, mexico, thailand, and turkey. these countries were selected because of their relatively long histories of both development and population planning. additiona ... | 1990 | 12179616 |
| vasectomy project launched in turkey. turkey's first vsc clinic. | one third of young married couples are currently using modern methods of contraception. recent studies indicate that more than 30% of turkey's married couples use withdrawal as their means of fertility control and only slightly more than 1% of turkish families have opted for female sterilization. there is certainly an higher proportion of reproductive age married couples in turkey which have completed their family size and could enjoy the advantages of permanent contraceptive methods. there h ... | 1992 | 12179681 |
| community-based distribution projects in turkey. progress in reproductive health practice. | this article describes a community-based distribution (cbd) approach to reproductive health education that is being implemented by the turkish family planning association (fpat). cbd projects are adapted to community health needs. fpat is the only group using the cbd model in several safe motherhood and woman-to-woman projects. cbd was introduced during 1985-89, in squatter settlements in ankara. fpat was established as a nongovernmental organization with international planned parenthood fed ... | 1997 | 12222289 |
| an unknown dimension in turkey. | in 1985-86 the turkish criminal courts surveyed cases to determine the extent of child abuse among different socioeconomic and cultural groups in istanbul, ankara, and izmir. the findings showed that 46% (701) were cases of sexual abuse. 68.3% (479) were cases of rape and attempted rape. 1.4% were for incitement to prostitution. the offenders were men and the victims were girls (54.1%) and boys (45.9%). there were cases involving boys 7 years of age. 32.8% of offenders were 18 years and 4 ... | 1992 | 12222333 |
| the place of intrauterine device (iud) insertion in a maternal-child-health family planning (mch/fp) integrated approach in rural areas. [letter]. | during 1975-76 an attempt was made in the rural area of the yozgat province, turkey, to reach women in their homes for health activities, from maternal-infant care, to family planning information. observations revealed that the majority of women were aware of modern methods of contraception, but their knowledge was incomplete and confused. physicians began inserting iuds during regular home visits in 1977, and a total of 3743 insertions were completed in 24 months. the enormous sucess was due ... | 1980 | 12262159 |
| turkey between two worlds: a demographic view. | a demographic view of turkey is presented in this discussion. turkey provides another example of a country, ravaged by war losses between 1914-1922, which took 4 decades, from the mid1920s to the mid1960s, to move from a pronatalist policy to an understanding of the social, economic, and most recently the political dangers of rampant population growth. the 1st census, taken in turkey in 1927, showed a population of 13,648,270 living in an area of 299,294 square miles, substantially equal to it ... | 1982 | 12264491 |
| [failure to return to industry, the primary feature of the sequence of turkish migration]. | this article seeks to destroy the myth that the industrial experience of emigrated workers can be helpful in development efforts for the sending countries by supplying a highly qualified labor force. the extent and nature of unemployment in an underdeveloped country such as turkey form the essential background. insufficient demand for labor, oppressive living conditions for the unemployed, and the absence of hope for future improvement in employment conditions produce a high desire to work dev ... | 1972 | 12265632 |
| four countries liberalize abortion laws. | in the last 14 months abortion laws were liberalized in spain, portugal, and greece, after socialist governments were elected, and in turkey, after the military government adopted a vigorous population policy. in the past, all abortions in spain and portugal were illegal, but now abortion is permitted in cases of rape and severe fetal defects and if the life of the mother is endangered. in greece, abortions were previously legal if the health of the mother was endangered or if fetal defects we ... | 1984 | 12266276 |
| [estimation of age-specific fertility rates based on population censuses]. | the aim of this work is to estimate the age specific fertility rates for inter-census periods by using the data 1970-1975-1980 population census. in order to make an estimate the technique based on the increase in the mean number of children born alive related to each age group is used. the estimated results correspond to the 2 inter-census periods (approximately 1973-78). for this reason the results based on only the fertility data of population census and the surveys held by hips in 1973-78 ... | 1984 | 12159459 |
| homogeneity in turkish fertility survey: implications for cluster size derived from homogeneity in basic survey variables. | "this study examines several error statistics derived from the computed variance in basic survey variables of the turkish fertility survey (1978). these are standard error, design factor, design effect and rate of homogeneity. [the] results are presented for the total sample as well as for subclasses. [it is demonstrated that] previous knowledge about the homogeneity and cluster size of main survey variables [will help] to design better surveys in the future. this process can be further exte ... | 1984 | 12159460 |
| the policies for economic and social reintegration of return migrants in the mediterranean basin: summary of the international seminar held in catania (italy), december 15-17, 1979. | | 1981 | 12266814 |
| intrauterine devices (iuds) and their complications (clinical evaluation of 2013 women with iud in-situ). | iud related events were evaluated at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, hacettepe university in ankara, turkey. the study population included 2213 fertile, healthy women who had an iud in situ. the age range was 17-48 years. all iuds were lippes loop, size c and d, and they were inserted by an experienced physician and nurse on the 5th day of menstruation. the follow-up time was 1 year in 2013 women with iuds. there was no follow-up on 200 women who were excluded from the study. ... | 1982 | 12267258 |
| fertility adaptation of turkish and moroccan women in the netherlands. | "after a short overview of fertility trends among turkish and moroccan immigrants in the netherlands, based upon population and vital registration data, determinants of these trends are analysed using survey data on cumulative fertility as well as on desired fertility." the author concludes that although "a long time series of data is not yet available due to the fairly recent history of the migration of turkish and moroccan women to the netherlands, it appears that their fertility level is dec ... | 1990 | 12159562 |
| hypotheses on the major demographic developments in the recent past in turkey. | the author presents three hypotheses concerning demographic developments in turkey in the twentieth century. the major sources of turkish demographic data are first assessed. the three hypotheses and their empirical foundations are then described, with a focus on changes in population growth, birth and death rates, and migration flows. (summary in fre, ita) | 1985 | 12267541 |
| failures following tubal sterilization. | of the 1024 women who underwent surgical sterilization, 426 had pomeroy technic, 223 had bilateral partial salpingectomy, 193 had electrocauterization with or without division, and 183 had tubal silastic rings. the overall failure rate was 2.1 per 100, 0.94 with pomeroy technic, 0.89 with bilateral partial salpingectomy, 6.7 with electrocautgerization, and 1.6 with silastic ring. of these, 22 women who became pregnant following tubal sterilization, 18 have been subsequently evaluated and 4 ref ... | 1983 | 12267665 |
| between western europe and the middle east: changing patterns of turkish labour migration. | the authors examine turkish labor migration to western europe prior to 1973 and to the middle east since that date. "the growth, organization and characteristics of these two phases in turkish migration history are compared and contrasted. particular emphasis is paid to the patterns of migrant worker origin and rates of emigration in the two periods. during the period 1961-73 the pattern of migration was dominated by the metropolitan and developed areas of western turkey. the re-direction of ... | 1986 | 12268204 |
| the causes of international labor migrations--a demand-determined approach. | the author first studies the reasons why people migrate using a neoclassical approach concerning income differentials. he tests this approach empirically and demonstrates its limits. a demand-determination approach based on human capital theory is then outlined to overcome these limits and to take into account restrictive immigration controls. migration from italy, spain, greece, portugal, and turkey to the european community destination countries is examined. it is concluded that "the deman ... | 1986 | 12268291 |
| survey report: turkey. | the 1983 turkish population and health survey, involving 5398 ever-married women under 50 years of age, revealed that the demand for family planning services in turkey exceeds current availability. although almost 3/4 of survey respondents indicated they wanted only 2-3 children, actual fertility rates in the 1978-83 period averaged 4.2 births/woman. the percent of currently married women under 50 years of age using birth control increased from 50% in 1978 to 62% in 1983, but half of this incr ... | 1987 | 12268607 |
| [ethnic residential patterns in dutch cities: class, race, or culture?]. | settlement patterns of immigrants from suriname, turkey, and morocco living in the netherlands between 1970 and 1982 are described. the author "explores to what extent general theories about ethnic residential differentiation are corroborated by the ethnic patterns in dutch cities. on the basis of the literature four 'theories' of ethnic residential differentiation are formulated. it is pointed out that three of these four 'theories' contribute to our understanding of the existing ethnic patt ... | 1987 | 12269129 |
| the spatial urban hierarchy in turkey: its structure and some of its determinants. | "this paper gives a detailed description of the turkish spatial hierarchy, tests certain aspects of the central place theory, and identifies the principles by which the hierarchy is organized. from the results of a country-wide survey, a seven-level hierarchy is identified....regression analysis reveals that different factors operate at different levels and with varying intensities in ordering the structure of the system with no one factor being predominant. income per capita, the density of t ... | 1988 | 12269201 |
| education and fertility in rural turkey: individual and community effects. | the author uses data from the 1975 hacettepe survey to examine the relationship between education and fertility in turkey. attention is paid not only to the level of education of the woman concerned, but also to the level of female education in the community in which she resides | 1979 | 12279368 |
| [family planning services utilization increases for migrant workers]. | between april and october 1989 in turkey, interviews with more than 3000 migrant workers working in the cotton fields of dogankent were conducted to examine their attitude towards family planning and their utilization of family planning services. researchers wanted to evaluate a family planning program which was integrated into 3 primary health centers in adana. the workers tended to be young. the average family size was 4.3. 40% of the women have had an induced abortion. 62% have already lost a ... | 1994 | 12222252 |
| putting the icpd plan of action to work. turkey. women's health tops the agenda. | turkey took part in the preparatory phase of the international conference on population and development (icpd) and sent 15 delegates to icpd in cairo. its ministry of health (moh) identified priority areas outlined in the icpd plan of action: publicizing icpd goals, sharing responsibilities and coordinating activities with other sectors, and following-up and monitoring achievements and failures. icpd delegates served on an moh-organized panel that provided many participants from different sector ... | 1995 | 12222267 |
| [family planning. a survey of united nations around the world]. | responses to the second worldwide survey of 80 nations on their population policy can be divided into 3 categories. first are countries with large official programs of family planning in existence: egypt, kenya, tunisia, barbados, colombia, panama, trinidad and tobago, china, india, iran, japan, nepal, pakistan, philippines, republic of viet-nam, singapore, sri lanka, thailand, turkey, denmark, netherlands, united kingdom, yugoslavia, canada, and fiji. madagascar and new zealand are starting ... | 1974 | 12257583 |
| instant effect of therapeutic abortion on serum steroid hormones during first trimester. | study focus was on the instant effect of therapeutic abortion under general anesthesia on serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone during the 1st trimester. patients were 20 healthy women. gestational age was determined clinically by the obstetrician on the basis of the menstrual history and estimation of the size of the uterus. the procedure was cervical dilatation by hegar's dilators and curettage under general anesthesia. venous blood samples were taken from each patient b ... | 1980 | 12262089 |
| surgical contraception. | 639 tubal ligation sterilizations were performed in 1970-80 in the dept. of obstetrics and gynecology of the hacettepe university, ankara, turkey. 34.58% were done through colpotomy, 30.6% through cesarean section, 30.20% through laparoscopy, 2.98% through hysterotomy, and 1.57% through minilaparotomy procedures. average age of patients was 31.2; 52.47% of patients had had 5 or more pregnancies, and 60.09% 3 or less deliveries. the longest operating time was 45 minutes for cesarean section an ... | 1981 | 12263966 |
| a critical review of theory and practice: the case of turkey. | "this article makes use of empirical research and studies to investigate migration and development in turkey. the size and nature of the international labor migration from turkey is presented. the effects of international labor migration on the national, local and regional levels are then discussed in relation to economic development, the congruence between contributions of migration and needs for development and whether the economic system is willing and able to use the potential advantages o ... | 1982 | 12265311 |
| situation and ethnic identity. | this paper illustrates situational variation as regards ethnic identification and develops some ideas about identity formation and the expression of ethnic identity in multiple ethnic contexts. the author discusses both social (ethnic) identity and subjective social identity (self-identifications). the author shows how expressions of ethnic origin and identification vary with changes in a number of hypothetical situational settings, explained in terms of a combination of the present and the pa ... | 1988 | 12281947 |
| assimilation process and group integration of migrant families. | this empirical analysis gives 1st answers to the question of which effects some specific types of interaction structures within migrant families have on the assimilation process of family members and their personal integration. the analysis is based on a sample of 92 turkish women and 123 turkish men in the bonn-cologne area of west germany. questionnaires examine variables such as 1) urbanization of the context of origin, 2) household complexity, 3) availability of ethnic infrastructure, 4) r ... | 1989 | 12281961 |
| [emigration of turks and moroccans still at a low level]. | the author discusses the migration of turks and moroccans in the netherlands from 1977 to 1993, with a focus on age of migrants, length of stay, and return migration. (summary in eng) | 1994 | 12287585 |
| facing changes and making choices: unintended turkish immigrant settlement in australia. | "this article considers turkish migration and settlement in australia from both the micro and macro levels of analysis. migration and settlement of turkish migrants in melbourne is explored from the immigrants' viewpoint, including how settlement in that city has influenced their lives, both inside and outside their workplaces, over time. the article also addresses turkish immigration to australia within the global context of international migration. the melbourne turkish migration (mtm) stud ... | 1994 | 12287861 |
| unmet need for family planning in turkey. | data from the 1988 turkish fertility and health survey, covering 5257 ever-married women were employed to compute the unmet need for family planning for both modern methods and all methods. the method of westoff (1988), which includes those desiring family limitation or spacing, was applied, although amenorrheic women were omitted because of insufficient data. the total ummet need was 25.2%; 13% if users of traditional methods are excluded. the need in rural areas was 29%, compared to 23% in ... | 1989 | 12283014 |
| a behavioral model of international labor and nonlabor migration: the case of turkish movements to west germany, 1960-1986. | "in this paper behavioral models of international labor and nonlabor migration are presented. the models are based on the concept of chain migration, where the immigrant stock, differentiated by the duration of stay, induces and directs future migration flows. three roles of the immigrant stock in inducing the inflow of potential migrants are identified: provider of assimilation aid; transmitter of information; and source of family reunification. operationalized versions of the models are emp ... | 1990 | 12283145 |
| [family planning and reproductive behavior in islamic countries in the mediterranean area]. | recently, in countries like egypt, tunisia, and turkey, reproductive behavior has modified. yet, according the world fertility survey (wfs), the number of children wanted is still rather high, ranging between 5.5 and 6.4, especially in countries of the near ear like syria and jordan. in egypt, morocco, and tunisia, where government-sponsored family planning (fp) programs have been instituted, the number is 4. fp affects socioeconomic transformation. there has been a global reduction of ferti ... | 1990 | 12283643 |
| continuation and termination rates of some contraceptive methods in two districts of ankara, turkey. | information was provided on the method-specific continuation rate and the cause-specific termination rate of the most widely used contraceptives in 2 districts of ankara province, etimesgut and golbasi. the 1st phase of the study, the baseline survey, was carried out in september 1987, when 2179 women in etimesgut and 2827 women in golbasi were interviewed concerning sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive and contraceptive history, and utilization of local health services. the 2nd phase ... | 1992 | 12288941 |
| [family reunification, family-formation migration, and return migration of turks and moroccans]. | the authors analyze migration patterns to the netherlands from turkey and morocco for the period 1977-1989. three distinct phases emerge: labor migration, family-reunification migration, and family-formation migration. the rise in migration from turkey and morocco during the second half of the 1980s is attributed to family-formation migration, which is defined as a member of the second generation marrying a partner from the country of origin. (summary in eng) | 1991 | 12283652 |
| the extent and causes of mortality among reproductive age women on three districts of turkey. | this study attempted to determine the extent and etiology of all deaths among those of reproductive age, to examine the relationship between sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and mortality, and to determine the level of utilization of health services among women prior to their death. mortality rates were 5.1/10,000 in etimesgut, 10.1/10,000 in cubuk, and 5.1/10,000 in nevsehir. the 5 main causes of death were: all cancers, heart disease, kidney disease, accidents, and suicide. ... | 1990 | 12283727 |
| husbands as decision-makers in relation to family size: east-west regional differentials in turkey. | fertility studies usually gather information from women only. this sex-bias present in the research fails to take into account the contribution that men make in forming fertility patterns. this study examines the role of turkish husbands in the decision-making regarding family size and the use of family planning methods. the historic and cultural background in turkey is based upon a male-dominant structure. this dominant role of men is present on individual, family, community, and national ... | 1990 | 12283728 |
| [mortality in the 0-4 years age group in istanbul city]. | according to 1987 official statistics, children 5 years of age accounted for 20.7% of all mortality in istanbul, turkey. 63.7% of this child mortality was neonatal mortality 1 month of age, and 37.3% of neonatal mortality occurred at birth. the state statistical office data were higher than the 1987 cemetery data because of bureaucratic errors in filling out death certificates. the 1987 mortality data of kadikoy, beyoglu, and topkapi districts included 1353 deaths indicating age, sex, locatio ... | 1990 | 12283729 |
| a comparative analysis of family size preferences in turkey. | in this study, family size desires of turkish women were evaluated using data from 3 consecutive nationwide surveys. trends in mean desired family size were used to obtain insight into the relationship between fertility preferences. it was found that family size preferences of women have declined by approximately 1 child on the average between 1978-88. although the birth cohort analysis implied that there is a rural decline observed in the mean desired family size, the results did not support ... | 1990 | 12283730 |
| measurement of the duration of interviews and data entry of the 1988 turkish population and health survey questionnaires. | a 1988 turkish population and health survey questionnaire included questions regarding the survey process. data was gathered regarding duration of interviews. more than 99% of the work was completed between august 8 and september 11. respondents were broken down into 4 categories; women, men household member, and household. all of this data is important in order to make realistic timetables for surveys, to aid in designing questions, and to aid in developing realistic budgets. the number of ... | 1990 | 12283731 |
| reaching help on time in an emergency delivery. | many maternal deaths in developing countries occur because mothers with complicated pregnancies or deliveries cannot be transported at all or fast enough to a health facility. a pregnant woman hemorrhaging greatly had to wait for a taxi because an unauthorized person had the health center's vehicle in tanzania. since most physicians practice in cities, most maternal deaths involve rural women. further the less educated, lower the socioeconomic status, and lower the family's income the m ... | 1991 | 12284068 |
| diversification of birthplace groups in australia: how did turkish immigrants differ from the others? | 24,529 turkish-born immigrants were identified as australian residents in the 1986 country census. this is the 23rd largest of 30 immigrant birthplace groups of population greater than 18,000. of the total australian and foreign-born population, however, this group represents only less than 2/1,000 residents. this study compares social, economic, demographic, and cultural characteristics of turkish-born immigrants with immigrants born in lebanon, vietnam, greece, italy, the united kingdom, an ... | 1991 | 12284779 |
| sampling errors for selected variables from the 1988 turkish population and health survey. | sampling error statistics may be calculated as a means of evaluating the quality of survey data. the process also yields information on the sampling plan and confidence interval for variables. sampling errors were therefore calculated for selected variables of the 1988 turkish population and health survey. selected variables include age at marriage, current pregnancy, children ever-born, living children, children deceased, and knowledge, ever use, and current use of contraceptive methods. ca ... | 1991 | 12284780 |
| intra-familial relations and the woman's situation: a cross sectional study in two settlements. | this pilot study examines a population attending health centers, etimesgut (366) and yapracik (358), in turkey. the objective was to explore the relationship between age, education, work status, marriage duration, total number of living sons and daughters, ideal number of children, head of the household, and family type, and other variables such as opinions about marriage and having children. the context was rural versus semiurban. another objective was to investigate the decision making proc ... | 1991 | 12284781 |
| refugee movements and turkey. | there has been a long tradition in the ottoman empire and the turkish republic of receiving refugees. there were jewish refugees from the spanish inquisition, hungarians and poles fleeing revolts in 1848-9, and those of turkish descent and usually from the balkans. concurrent with this trend is the history of refugees and immigrants leaving turkey, such as many armenians, greeks and jews leaving at the turn of the century, and after 1923 and the treaty of lausanne. little is currently publish ... | 1991 | 12285110 |
| east-west vs. south-north migration: effects upon the recruitment areas of the 1960s. | "this article is focused on turkey and turkish emigration abroad. it examines integration of second generation immigrants in western europe and various forces fostering islamic identity. it then compares political discourse on immigration in france and germany. it concludes that the resurgence of ethnic identity as the basis for effective political action in widely divergent societies is a key feature of the post-cold war period." | 1992 | 12285267 |
| fertility survey in semi-urban. | these are the results of a kap survey carried out in 1982 and involving 622 married women with children living in the semi-urban area surrounding ankara, turkey. a contraceptive use rate of 64 percent is observed, with withdrawal being the most commonly used method. greater use of more effective methods is noted among younger women. | 1986 | 12280958 |
| migration and change in parent-child relationships: the case of turkish migrants in germany. | the main aim of this paper is to explain the change of educational attitudes and socialization practices in turkish migrant families by an individualistic costs-and-benefits-model and to confront this with empirical findings. this model is an interesting theoretical alternative to the widely accepted 'sociological' value-explanations stemming from the durkheim-parsons-tradition. a variety of empirical detail phenomena (even) out of the domain of parent-child relationships, such as generative b ... | 1988 | 12281020 |
| childlessness and fertility. | data on childlessness may be utilized to understand the fertility behavior of women. this paper describes the age pattern of childlessness by a mathematical model. the model gives the starting age of fecund married life, which is an important indicator of fertility patterns. the relationship of childlessness with age at 1st marriage, total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence can also be studied with the help of the proposed model. age at marriage is often taken to be the beginning ag ... | 1987 | 12281034 |
| on the history and selectivity of turkish and moroccan migration to belgium. | this article challenges the oversimplified image of an uneducated and undifferentiated immigrant labor force for turks and moroccans through the concept of selectivity. using a combination of data from two migration history and social mobility surveys carried out among turkish and moroccan men living in belgium, selectivity is discussed with respect to region of origin and in terms of educational attainment. analysis of selectivity with respect to region indicate that turkish and moroccan migr ... | 1999 | 12295606 |
| a study of digit preference and quality of age data in turkish censuses. | the authors study digit preference and the quality of age data in the 1945, 1955, and 1970 censuses of turkey. "using the age distributions in successive censuses and particular cohort groups as well as the analysis of stable population, severe misreporting of certain ages was found. the...age data seem to be influenced substantially by both response errors and coverage errors....[and] show heaping at ages ending in zero and five years. the pattern of heaping is pronounced from age 20 onwards ... | 1988 | 12281664 |
| who lives with whom in istanbul? | an analysis of household characteristics in istanbul, turkey, is presented using 1985 census data. comparisons are made with 1907 household statistics. the importance of migration to the city for household characteristics is noted, and the living arrangements of migrants are compared for 1907 and 1985. | 1993 | 12286807 |
| study in turkey leads to integration of abortion and family planning services. | the efficiency and effectiveness of public sector abortion services in istanbul as well as their suitability in regulating the fertility of women were assessed in two hospitals in turkey. the social security hospital performed the surgical procedure of dilatation and curettage with little follow-up, while a ministry of health hospital offered the simpler procedure of manual vacuum aspiration with follow-up. in this latter case, the abortion service was part of the family planning unit of the h ... | 1994 | 12287985 |
| withdrawal continues to be popular in turkey. | in turkey, in spite of the continuing expansion of family planning services, withdrawal continues to be the most popular method of fertility regulation. in 1993, more than 26% of all currently married women were relying on this method of contraception. studies supported by the program point to opposition from men to the use of modern methods by their wives. the use of modern methods in turkey is, nonetheless, on the rise. between 1988 and 1993 the prevalence of use of modern methods increased ... | 1994 | 12287986 |
| a model for similar organizations. the turkish family health planning foundation (tfhpf) is the recipient of the 1994 u.n. population award. [acceptance speech]. | the turkish family health and planning foundation (tfhpf) received the 1994 united nations population award. turkey has excessive population growth and an unbalanced population distribution. tfhpf was established in 1985 in order to provide innovative solutions to the economic and social problems caused by fast population growth through the involvement of the private sector. tfhpf was founded by the businessman mr. vehbi koc. the 1988 information, education, and communication campaign was carrie ... | 1994 | 12288261 |
| [opening speech by president suleyman demirel for the meeting "population issues in turkey: policy priorities"]. | mr. demirel says that at the root of all problems faced by society is population growth. he points out that with an annual population growth of about 2.5%, turkey's standard of living will be low even if it is possible to feed the growing population, and he says turkey's first goal should be to create public awareness of individual responsibilities. in this task, mr. demirel adds, the government, the parliament, educational institutions, the media, voluntary organizations, and scientists all h ... | 1994 | 12289944 |
| [turkey and the european union: a comparison of population distribution and urbanization]. | according to the authors of this paper, one of the major obstacles, since the 1960s, to turkey's admittance as full member of the european union (eu) has been the widely-held view that turkey's population differs greatly from that of eu member nations. this study compares turkey and the eu with regard to the geographic distribution of population and the urbanization process. the study finds similarities between turkey, ireland, and greece in terms of the ratio of urban population to total popu ... | 1994 | 12289945 |
| an evaluation of turkey's recent migration flows and stocks. | most immigrants from turkey go to the gulf countries and the newly independent states of the former soviet union. only a very small percentage of migrants leave turkey for western destinations. indeed, only 1734 of the 60,000 turkish workers sent abroad in 1992 went to the ec. turkish or foreign contracting firms working in saudi arabia accounted for 46,467 of these workers. 3,080,274 turkish nationals were living abroad as of april 1993, 43.3% of whom are workers. this figure does not incl ... | 1994 | 12289946 |
| [ideal ages for marriage and having children]. | referring to a 1992 study by freedman and blanc, the author of this paper states that during the 15-year period between 1965-70 and 1980-85 the fertility rate in developing countries dropped by 30% and reports that in turkey the drop for the same period was around 46%, based on analysis using data from a 1988 turkish population and health survey. using the same data, the author looks at what women consider the ideal age for marriage; bearing their first and last children and the ideal intervals ... | 1994 | 12289948 |
| the crisis of population knowledge in turkey. | "the main purpose of this paper is to present some basic information about the population of turkey.... this paper looks primarily at the time sequences of the outcomes for key demographic variables....a brief account is given in the last part of this paper of the theoretical frameworks that are employed to explain the decline of birth rates from very high to low levels in turkey." | 1995 | 12290932 |
| population of turkey by ethnic groups and provinces. | "the principal objective of this paper...is to estimate the number of kurds in turkey and their spatial distribution.... the ethnically kurdish component of the population has increased from 3.132 million in 1965 to 7.046 million in 1990. this very substantial increase has been due to high fertility, which is a characteristic of agrarian or recently agrarian societies...,coupled with falling mortality, a typical case of demographic transition.... perhaps more importantly, the massive population ... | 1995 | 12290933 |
| post second world war immigration from balkan countries to turkey. | "although there are some works, both in english and turkish, that have studied migration into the ottoman empire from the balkans during the 19th century...it is difficult to find any systematic and comprehensive literature that examines the period since the establishment of the turkish republic.... this article aims at filling some of this gap....[the article offers] an analysis of the size and causes of migration from the balkans to turkey since the end of the second world war. the statistics ... | 1995 | 12290934 |
| [the urbanization rate in turkey]. | data from the annual statistical report on turkey for 1990 and the results of research from 1985 and 1990 were utilized and compared with the trends of urbanization observed in the 1969 work of z. siemek on turkey. in 1990, turkey had about 56.5 million people with an average annual natural growth rate of 2.6% and an unemployment rate of 16%. the rural population made up 41% of the total populace. urbanization was on the increase, from 47% in 1980, to 55% in 1985, and 59% in 1990. urbanizati ... | 1994 | 12291543 |
| refugees of turkish origin: "coerced immigrants" to turkey since 1945. | "while several studies (in both turkish and english) have been made on migration to the ottoman empire from the caucasus and the balkans during the nineteenth century...very little systematic and comprehensive research on migration has been undertaken on the period since the establishment of the turkish republic. this article, which aims to partially fill the gap, is divided into three parts: the issue of national refugees (refugees of turkish origin) in relation to turkey's overall refugee poli ... | 1996 | 12292232 |
| development and human resources in the islamic world: a study of selected countries. | "the present paper attempts to provide an analytical profile of development and human resources in [12] selected [islamic] countries." the countries--bangladesh, somalia, pakistan, indonesia, egypt, turkey, malaysia, algeria, iraq, saudi arabia, kuwait, and united arab emirates--vary in income levels from low to high and in population size from 1 million to 159 million. using data from the world bank and the population council, comparisons are made on the basis of mortality and fertility levels ... | 1987 | 12315536 |
| [exchanges, transportation, and communication: turkish circulation and migratory domain]. | "in this article, the author first describes and then analyzes how networks of exchange, transportation, and communication function to animate and irrigate the turkish migratory domain, which currently covers europe, the middle east, and the cis, and which has become transoceanic (north america and australia).... the author suggests a dynamic vision of the migratory domain, based on the mobility of people and goods, and associated with various means of transportation (air, sea, rail, and road), ... | 1996 | 12292528 |
| outputs far exceeding inputs: the first multimedia communication campaign in turkey. | the turkish population (50.7 million at the 1983 census) is growing at a yearly rate of 2.5% and will double in 33 years. the primary problem in turkey is the lack of contraceptive knowledge. the turkish family health and planning foundation (tfhpf) was founded in 1985 to improve and expand family planning and health services. in 1988, tfhpf started an information, education, and communication (iec) campaign to contribute to the family planning (fp) campaign, to increase the use of modern fp ... | 1990 | 12316325 |
| migration experiences of turkish women: notes from a researcher's diary. | this article presents six case studies of the experiences of turkish women whose husbands were labor migrants. the article opens with an overview of labor emigration from turkey to developed countries in europe starting in the early 1960s and continues with a review of the literature that considers migrant women as an analytical category. the literature review then addresses the prevalent emphasis on the impact of labor migration on the emancipation of women and notes that these studies overge ... | 1997 | 12293041 |
| [the emigration of turks from bulgaria: past and present. part 1: emigration from 1878 to 1951]. | emigration trends among the turkish minority population in bulgaria are reviewed for the period 1878-1951. seven phases of emigration are identified, and their causes are discussed. | 1989 | 12316786 |
| postpartum contraception: perspectives from clients and providers in six countries. | this article presents preliminary findings of a study conducted by the association for voluntary surgical contraception (avsc) designed to investigate women's interest in postpartum contraception and the preferred timing for getting information. a pioneering study, avsc's research took place in colombia, the dominican republic, india, kenya, mali, and turkey. in each countries, avsc conducted 4-6 focus groups with pregnant women, interviews with 100 postpartum women, and interviews with 30 ser ... | 1991 | 12317155 |
| commercial sector can improve access. | this article discusses the improved accessibility to family planning (fp) services made possible by expanding services among private physicians and through social marketing in developing countries. encouraging private sector (ps) fp is a way to ease the caseload of public fp facilities and creating the potential for attracting more lower-income clients. few developing countries have a "viable commercial market" for contraceptives. commercial success depends upon a secure supply of fp supplies ... | 1998 | 12293234 |
| the urban generation: heirs to the new urban future, youth plan to make their presence felt in istanbul. | un statistics indicate that youth comprise up to 30% of the world's population. as almost one-third of humanity, youth deserve to actively participate in debates which will influence the future of their world. accordingly, a large group of youth has been working with the habitat ii secretariat, governments, and nongovernmental organizations to create channels for youth participation and involvement in habitat ii. youth can also bring a great deal more to the habitat process than just sheer nu ... | 1996 | 12293679 |
| interethnic marriage: bringing in the context through multilevel modelling. | "this article deals with the underlying causes of interethnic marriages of turks and moroccans living in belgium.... higher odds [of interethnic marriage] are generally found for the second generation and at higher levels of age at marriage and educational attainment. interethnic marriage is further promoted by a small size of the ethnic group, by low ethnic heterogeneity and by low correlation between the ethnic and the socio-economic dimension. interethnic marriages are generally more prevale ... | 1998 | 12293975 |
| [the intervention of the immigration factor in turco-european relations]. | the legal dispositions governing turkish immigration to european countries, the imperfect success of european efforts to discourage immigration, and factors in the elevated potential for continuing turkish emigration are examined in this article. turkey's 1963 5-year plan clearly revealed the government's intention to utilize external assistance to finance development efforts, while depending on labor migration to european countries to absorb surplus labor and provide remittances to ease the ch ... | 1998 | 12294993 |
| airing method-specific advertisements. | the turkish family health and planning foundation initiated the commercial marketing of contraceptives in 1989 as part of a contraceptive social marketing (csm) program to make available low-cost contraceptives. in 1988 modern methods were used by 31% and traditional methods by 32.3%, while 36.6% used no contraceptives. only 6.2% were current pill users mainly because of health reasons since high-dose pills dominated the market. a 1990 survey among urban consumers indicated a 94% awareness of ... | 1992 | 12285550 |
| 25 years in turkish family planning: a conversation with ayse akin dervisoglu, m.d. | an interview with dr. ayse akin dervisoglu, director of maternal-child health and family planning for the ministry of health in turkey, provides background on experiences in that country. although temporary methods of contraception were legalized in 1965, abortion and voluntary sterilization remained illegal until 1983. even before this ruling, induced abortion was widespread in turkey. while affluent women were able to locate private physicians to perform pregnancy terminations, poor women u ... | 1992 | 12285568 |
| [the third world before the third world, 1770-1870]. | the advent of the development gap between the industrialized countries and the underdeveloped countries is explored through an examination of early attempts to industrialize in latin america and the middle east in the years 1770-1870. the beginning of the development gap can be dated to 1830-60, with the diffusion of the industrial revolution in western europe and the us. the periphery remained poorly defined and still enjoyed a significant degree of economic autonomy through 1870, but lowered ... | 1992 | 12285721 |
| bulgarian turkish emigration and return. | the main factors which determined the 1989 migration of turks in bulgaria back to turkey are discussed. background history is provided. after world war i, turks in bulgaria comprised 10% of the total population. bulgarian policy had been, up to the 1980s to send rumelian turks back, but the policy after 1980 was one of a national revival process to integrate turks into the developed socialist society. muslim traditions, customs, and turkish language were interfered with. international disfavo ... | 1992 | 12285857 |
| [the population situation and its relation to the economy in turkey]. | in southwest asia, turkey is a leading nation in collecting complete data on its population through the use of a modern census. based on available information, the development of turkey's population can be summarized as follows: 1) in the last 20 years, turkey's population increase rate has been 2% annually, very high by world standards; 2) the average age is young, and the population's burden coefficient is above 80%; and 3) the geographical distribution of the population is uneven. the popu ... | 1982 | 12312490 |
| media, migrants and marginalization: the situation in the federal republic of germany. | | 1984 | 12312925 |
| turkish migration and workforce participation in sydney, australia. | | 1984 | 12313000 |
| internal migration in turkey: socioeconomic characteristics by destination and type of move, 1965-70. | based on examination of internal migration in turkey during the 1965-70 period, the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of migrants and the variation in these properties by type of move undertaken (first, repeat, and return migration) and by choice of destination are described. the volume, rates, and differentials of migration are discussed in this context. a very rapid rural-urban migration occurred in the 1950-70 period; urban population increased from 18.8 to 35.8% of the total. ... | 1983 | 12313235 |
| turkey: pressures on employment, housing, education and health care. | high population growth rates in turkey have exacerbated problems in the areas of employment, education, housing, and medical care. rural unemployment has caused widespread migration to major cities, resulting in a deterioration of living conditions in these centers and increasing the demand for municipal services. since 1940 population increases have consumed most of the rise in national income and hindered economic development. employment opportunities have not kept pace with the excess supp ... | 1985 | 12313939 |
| [types of rural out-migration in turkey]. | an analysis of changes in migration patterns since world war ii between inner anatolia and eastern anatolia in turkey is presented. four periods are distinguished, the exploratory period until 1950, seasonal migration until 1960, mass migration up to the present, and marriage migration from 1975 to the present. the linkages between previous and potential migrants are noted. (summary in eng) | 1985 | 12314330 |
| the middle east: a new destination for turkish labour migration. | the shifts in migration experienced by turkish emigrants are discussed starting with the large-scale emigration to western europe in the early 1960s. official figures illustrate that since the 1970s the major current has been toward the middle east and north africa, specifically to libya, saudi arabia, and iraq. socioeconomic and political factors influencing turkish migration are discussed. the earlier migrants to western europe and later migrants to the middle east and north africa are comp ... | 1986 | 12314523 |
| [number of children of turks and moroccans in the netherlands]. | a multivariate analysis of the 1984 quality of life-survey, which was held among turkish and moroccan heads of households in the netherlands, shows that their fertility is affected by factors concerning their native country as well as by some aspects of life in the netherlands. a low current number of children is associated with a higher education in the native country, an urban background and no strong commitment to islam. in addition, the marital status at immigration and the nationality of ... | 1987 | 12314889 |
| different forms, reasons and motivations for return migration of persons who voluntarily decide to return to their countries of origin. | refugees seek asylum in the people's republic of germany with high hopes for economic and social prosperity. those refugees who choose to return to their countries of origin leave with dashed hopes and feeling homesick and out of place; they also feel uncertain, insecure, and despondent when they think of the difficulties awaiting them at home because they have asked for asylum. the people's republic of germany is exploring means to motivate those seeking asylum there to return voluntarily to ... | 1986 | 12314945 |