| genetic effects of procarbazine in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain d4. | procarbazine ( pcz ) was tested for its ability to induce mitotic gene conversions at the ade and trp loci of saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain d4. the influence of the following factors was examined: growth phase of the yeast cells (log vs stationary phase), ph of the treatment solution, and addition of mouse s9 fractions prepared from different organs. the drug was found more toxic and mutagenic at low doses (up to 25 mg/ml) for log phase cells, and scarcely toxic but highly mutagenic, even at ... | 1984 | 6145225 |
| a comparative study of gastric mucin and commercial baker's yeast as virulence-enhancing agents in the typhoid mouse protection test. | | 1982 | 6175648 |
| sequence analysis of mitochondrial dna in a mouse cell line resistant to chloramphenicol and oligomycin. | a mouse l-cell line, designated 111-ob3, is described which is resistant to two drugs, chloramphenicol and oligomycin. the cells contain two types of mitochondrial dna molecules, in roughly equal proportions, which differ in that one is cleaved by endonuclease ecori at a novel site within the coding sequence for subunit 6 of the mitochondrial atpase (atpase-6). sequence analysis reveals that the cleavage site was created by a single transversion which predicts a replacement of valine in the wild ... | 1983 | 6227806 |
| different nucleotide changes in the large rrna gene of the mitochondrial dna confer chloramphenicol resistance on two human cell lines. | the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in the region coding for the 3' end of the large rrna has been determined for two human cell lines bearing independent cytoplasmic chloramphenicol-resistant (cap-r) mutations. comparison of the sequences of these two phenotypically different cap-r mutants with their cap-sensitive (cap-s) parental cell lines has revealed a single base change for each in a region which is highly conserved among species. one cap-r mutation is associated with ... | 1981 | 6273808 |
| the role of the mannose/n-acetylglucosamine receptor in the pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan inhibits the pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) by resident, thioglycollate-,proteose peptone-, and corynebacterium parvum-elicited macrophages from 30 to 70% when 1 mg/ml hrp is used, and 65 to 87% when 250 micrograms/ml hrp is used. in contrast, hrp uptake by j774 cells, a macrophage cell line reported to have little mannose receptor activity, is inhibited only about 25% by mannan. hrp uptake by resident and thioglycollate-elicited (thio) macrophages is ... | 1983 | 6304124 |
| sequence homology and structural similarity between cytochrome b of mitochondrial complex iii and the chloroplast b6-f complex: position of the cytochrome b hemes in the membrane. | the amino acid sequences of cytochrome b of complex iii from five different mitochondrial sources (human, bovine, mouse, yeast, and aspergillus nidulans) and the chloroplast cytochrome b6 from spinach show a high degree of homology. calculation of the distribution of hydrophobic residues with a "hydropathy" function that is conserved in this family of proteins implies that the membrane-folding pattern of the 42-kilodalton (kda) mitochondrial cytochromes involves 8-9 membrane-spanning domains. th ... | 1984 | 6322162 |
| dissociation of a hydrophobic surface from phagocytosis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is surrounded by a capsular polysaccharide that inhibits phagocytosis of the yeast by macrophages. this capsular polysaccharide also confers several physicochemical properties to the cell surface, including a negative surface charge and a hydrophilic surface. the present study was designed to determine whether a hydrophobic surface was necessary or sufficient for phagocytosis of c. neoformans cells. the hydrophobic nature of the cell surface was measured by hydrophobic in ... | 1983 | 6341232 |
| [metabolic activation of promutagens in the yeast-microsome test. ii. activation of cyclophosphamide and 2-aminofluorene]. | the effect of recombinogenic and mutagenic activation of promutagens, cyclophosphamide and 2-aminofluorene was studied in s9 mouse liver preparations. cyclophosphamide was activated to induce reversions of an ochre mutation and heteroallelic reversion in yeast tester strains r2089-15v-p4 and p3288, respectively. metabolic activation of this chemical was greatly enhanced by pretreatment of mice with aroglor--1254. 2-aminofluorene was a potent recombinogen after metabolic activation, but proved a ... | 1983 | 6343182 |
| studies on mutagenicity of 2 bronchodilators under development in cuba. | 2 pyridoquinazolones, 2-amino-11h-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one (2-apq) and 11h-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one (pq), under development as anti-asthma drugs, were studied for mutagenicity. 2-apq was found to be a strong mutagen in 5 strains of salmonella typhimurium and a mild one in the forward-mutation system of the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. furthermore, 2-apq had strong clastogenic effects in mouse bone marrow. because of these results, development of 2-apq as a bronchodilator was stop ... | 1983 | 6343851 |
| effect of formalin on the survival of systemic fungi in tissue. | stock cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum and sporothrix schenckii were grown in yeast phase on sabouraud dextrose agar. standardized suspensions (10(8) colony forming units/ml) were made and 1. the organisms treated for various times with 10% formalin/acetate buffer; 2. aliquots injected into the tail veins of swiss-webster mice. minimal fungistatic and fungicidal concentrations of formalin were also determined. five minutes or ... | 1983 | 6350884 |
| isolation and characterization of sequences from mouse chromosomal dna with ars function in yeasts. | fragments of chromosomal dna from a variety of eucaryotes can act as arss (autonomously replicating sequence) in yeasts. arss enable plasmids to be maintained in extrachromosomal form, presumably because they function as initiation sites for dna replication. we isolated eight different sequences from mouse chromosomal dna which function as arss in saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast). although the replication efficiency of the different mouse arss in yeasts appears to vary widely, about one- ... | 1983 | 6361521 |
| possible ideal lac operator: escherichia coli lac operator-like sequences from eukaryotic genomes lack the central g x c pair. | five dna fragments have been cloned from yeast, chicken, and mouse dna that titrate lac repressor in an escherichia coli lac+ i+z+ wild-type strain when on a multi-copy plasmid. the five repressor-binding sequences have been identified by dna sequence determinations and dnase cleavage-inhibition patterns. they share the 14-base-pair symmetrical consensus sequence 5' t-g-t-g-a-g-c:g-c-t-c-a-c-a 3' (the colon represents the center of symmetry), which is an inverted repeat of 7 base pairs of the le ... | 1984 | 6369330 |
| secondary structure of mouse 28s rrna and general model for the folding of the large rrna in eukaryotes. | we present a secondary structure model for the entire sequence of mouse 28s rrna (1) which is based on an extensive comparative analysis of the available eukaryotic sequences, i.e. yeast (2, 3), physarum polycephalum (4), xenopus laevis (5) and rat (6). it has been derived with close reference to the models previously proposed for yeast 26s rrna (2) and for prokaryotic 23s rrna (7-9). examination of the recently published eukaryotic sequences confirms that all pro- and eukaryotic large rrnas sha ... | 1984 | 6374617 |
| d-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases from animals and yeast. | the d-glucose anomeric preference of hexokinases partially purified from animals (rat, mouse, and chicken) and baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) were investigated by the assay system with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a coupling enzyme. with low km hexokinases in animal tissues and cells, the ratios of vmax for the beta-anomer to vmax for the alpha-anomer (v beta/v alpha) were within a range from 1.3 to 1.5. in yeast, the v beta/v alpha value was 1.1 for hexokinase a, 0.8 for hexok ... | 1984 | 6376115 |
| dna polymerase i and dna primase complex in yeast. | chromatographic analysis of poly(dt) replication activity in fresh yeast extracts showed that the activities required co-fractionate with the yeast dna polymerase i. since poly(dt) replication requires both a primase and a dna polymerase, the results of the fractionation studies suggest that these two enzymes might exist as a complex in the yeast extract. sucrose gradient analysis of concentrated purified yeast dna polymerase i preparations demonstrates that the yeast dna polymerase i does sedim ... | 1984 | 6376490 |
| nadph-generating system: influence on microsomal mono-oxygenase stability during incubation for the liver-microsomal assay with rat and mouse s9 fractions. | activity levels of 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase (ed), aminopyrine n-demethylase (apd), p-nitroanisole o-demethylase (p-nad) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pdh) were determined in incubation mixtures for the liver-microsomal assay (lma) at time 0 and after 1 and 2 h incubation under conditions for mutagenic assay. the experiments were performed with s9 liver fractions from mice (induced with na-phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone) and rats (induced with aroclor 1254) with and witho ... | 1984 | 6392864 |
| synergistic interaction of baker's yeast and iron in the enhancement of bacterial virulence. | the virulence-enhancing interaction of baker's yeast and different iron preparations (ferric ammonium citrate and iron dextran) was tested in mice challenged with salmonella typhi and vibrio cholerae (inaba and ogawa) strains. the virulence-enhancing effect of the yeast + iron combination increased significantly as compared to that of either yeast or iron alone. toxicity assays of the single and combined baker's yeast and iron preparations by the mouse weight gain test have shown that the combin ... | 1984 | 6393682 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the dna repair enzyme uracil dna glycosylase from human placenta. | a series of monoclonal antibodies has been prepared against the base excision repair enzyme uracil dna glycosylase isolated from human placenta. spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified human placental uracil dna glycosylase were fused with either p3x63 ag8.653 or sp2/0 myeloma cells. hybridomas producing antibodies directed against the placental glycosylase were identified in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. each positive hybridoma was cloned twice by limit dilution and tested ... | 1983 | 6577457 |
| non-acidic pyrazoles: inhibition of prostaglandin production, carrageenan oedema and yeast fever. | prostaglandin production from mouse peritoneal macrophages was elicited by the tumour promoter 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (tpa). the inhibitory potency (ic50) of metamizole and its major metabolites as well as other non-acidic pyrazoles was defined in this system. a reliable ic50-value could not be assigned to metamizole. isopropylaminophenazone was as active as acetylsalicylic acid while aminophenazone and methylaminophenazone, the major metabolites of metamizole, were about 10 times ... | 1983 | 6604402 |
| preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: genetic toxicity tests. | acyclovir (acv), an antiviral drug active in the treatment of oral and genital herpes infections, has been evaluated for mutagenic and carcinogenic potential in a battery of in vitro and in vivo short-term assays. negative results were obtained in the following in vitro tests: ames salmonella, plate incorporation and preincubation modification assays; e. coli pola+/pola- dna repair; yeast (s. cerevisiae d4) gene conversion; chinese hamster ovary cells (hgprt, aprt loci and ouabain-resistance mar ... | 1983 | 6662301 |
| pyrvinium pamoate lacks in vivo genotoxicity in the colon. | pyrvinium pamoate, a widely used anthelmintic drug, has been previously tested for genotoxicity with equivocal results. assays with bacterial or yeast test strains yielded positive results while in vitro tests with mammalian cells yielded negative results. in this study, the genotoxicity of pyrvinium was studied in vivo in the mouse colon, the therapeutic site of action of this agent. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh), a colon carcinogen, was tested simultaneously as a positive control. the colonic nu ... | 1984 | 6740678 |
| microbial mutation studies with tetrachlorvinphos (gardona)). | the mutagenic activity of tetrachlorvinphos was investigated in agar-layer cultures of escherichia coli wp2 and wp2 uvra, salmonella typhimurium ta1535, ta1538, ta98 and ta100. assays were carried out both in the presence and in the absence of s9 fractions of liver homogenates from rats and mice, both from untreated animals, and from animals pre-treated with aroclor 1254. the induction of mitotic gene conversion by tetrachlorvinphos was studied in stationary phase cultures of the yeast saccharom ... | 1982 | 6752704 |
| a novel repeated element with z-dna-forming potential is widely found in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotic genomes. | by southern blotting and hybridization analysis using 32p-labeled poly(dt-dg) . poly(dc-da) as a probe, we have found, in eukaryotic genomes, a huge number of stretches of dt-dg alternating sequence, a sequence that has been shown to adopt the z-dna conformation under some conditions. this sequence was found in all eukaryotic genomes examined from yeast to human, indicating extraordinary evolutionary conservation. the number of the sequence ranged from about 100 in yeast to tens of thousands in ... | 1982 | 6755470 |
| ingestion of yeast forms of sporothrix schenckii by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | the ingestion by thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages of yeast forms of two strains of sporothrix schenckii was studied. yeast forms opsonized with concanavalin a (cona) were extensively phagocytized, and the phagocytic indexes depended on the concentration of cona and apparently on the number of lectin receptors at the yeast surface as well. neuraminidase treatment of s. schenckii increased the ingestion of unopsonized yeasts 7.7-fold. the addition of monosaccharides and derivati ... | 1983 | 6832808 |
| experimental oral infection with the yeast candida albicans in mice with or without inherited iron-deficiency anaemia (sla). | the role of iron deficiency in the development of oral candidosis was investigated using the mouse mutant sex-linked anaemia (sla). susceptibility was assessed in terms of the recovery of organisms, particularly from oral swabs, and histological evidence of infection approximately 10 days after the last exposure to candida albicans. the influence of three factors was studied in mixed groups of normal and anaemic mice: mode of inoculation, treatment with tetracycline and treatment with hydrocorti ... | 1982 | 6956263 |
| effect of fermentation conditions on toxin production by clostridium botulinum type b. | to obtain high yields of toxin for the preparation of purified neurotoxoids, we examined the time of appearance and the quantity of toxin produced by the bean strain of clostridium botulinum type b under various conditions by using a fermentor system. the medium employed consisted of 2.0% casein hydrolylsate and 1.5% yeast extract plus an appropriate concentration of glucose. the maximum toxin concentration (4 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(5) mouse median lethal doses per ml) was attained within 48 h under ... | 1980 | 7006503 |
| a general, fast, and sensitive micromethod for dna determination application to rat and mouse liver, rat hepatoma, human leukocytes, chicken fibroblasts, and yeast cells. | | 1981 | 7011093 |
| pathogenicity of candida tropicalis and candida albicans after gastrointestinal inoculation in mice. | the ability of clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida tropicalis to invade through normal and damaged gastrointestinal mucosa was determined. adult mice were treated with either gentamicin or gentamicin and cytarabine. suspensions of yeast cells (10(7)) were administered through a catheter intraesophageally. invasion was determined by culturing liver, kidney, and lung tissue from mice sacrificed after 48 h. c. albicans and c. tropicalis were incapable of invading through normal gastro ... | 1980 | 7011986 |
| macrophage antimicrobial activity: evidence for participation by lysosomes in the killing of saccharomyces cerevisiae by normal resident macrophages. | ammonium chloride added to normal resident mouse peritoneal macrophages reduced the rate of killing of ingested saccharomyces cerevisiae. it is suggested that this is attributable to the inhibition by ammonia of phagosome-lysosome fusion or of lysosomal protein degradation and that, consequently, lysosomal mechanisms contribute to the normal killing of these yeasts. | 1981 | 7012023 |
| effect of mouse phagocytes on candida albicans in in vivo chambers. | mouse phagocytic cells in in vivo diffusion chambers had either candidacidal or candidastatic activity depending on the kind of phagocyte studied, the type of mouse whence the phagocytes came, and whether the chamber inoculum of candida albicans consisted primarily of yeasts or hyphae. killing of c. albicans occurred when yeasts were placed into chambers with membranes with 3.0-micrometer pores and implanted intraperitoneally into normal mice or thymus-deficient (nude) mice. although c. albicans ... | 1981 | 7014456 |
| electrochemical measurements of cell populations. | determination of cell growth was carried out by a polarographic system. the system was constructed of two platinum electrodes, a saturated calomel electrode, and a thermistor electrode. responses of the system to the dissolved oxygen, ph, and temperature were examined. cell growth of s. cerevisiae and m. olivoasterospora was monitored continuously by this system. in addition, this polarographic system could be applied to the measurements of cell populations of the human cancer cell l-1210 and mo ... | 1981 | 7020542 |
| secondary structure comparisons between small subunit ribosomal rna molecules from six different species. | secondary structure models are presented for three pairs of small subunit ribosomal rna molecules. these are the 16s rrna from e. coli cytoplasmic and z. mays chloroplast ribosomes, the 18s rrna from s. cerevisiae and x. laevis cytoplasmic ribosomes, and the 12s rrna from human and mouse mitochondrial ribosomes. using the experimentally-established secondary structure of the e. coli 16s rrna as a basis, the models were derived both by searching for primary structural homology between the three c ... | 1981 | 7024918 |
| experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in mice: morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cellular immune response. | the present paper describes a murine model for pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis injecting 6 x 10(5) yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) by the direct intratracheal route. the sequential histopathology of lung and dissemination lesions together with humoral (immunodiffusion test) and cellular immune response (footpad test and macrophage inhibition factor assay - mif assay) were investigated since the 1st to the 360th day after infection. all infected animal showed pulmonary pbmycosi ... | 1982 | 7040974 |
| analysis of dnas from two species of the virilis group of drosophila and implications for satellite dna evolution. | the dnas from two virilis group species of drosophila, d. lummei and d. kanekoi, have been analyzed. d. lummei dna has a major satellite which, on the basis of cscl equilibrium centrifugation, thermal denaturation, renaturation and in situ hybridization is identical to d. virilis satellite i. d. kanekoi dna has a major satellite at the same buoyant density in neutral cscl gradients as satellite iii of d. virilis. however, on the basis of alkaline cscl gradients, the satellite contains a major an ... | 1982 | 7182128 |
| [topical anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate (author's transl)]. | the anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate ointment (dv-17, 0.12%) was investigated by topical application in mice and rats, and the effects compared with those of dexamethasone (dx, 0.12%), betamethasone 17-valerate (bv-17, 0.12%), beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate (be, 0.025%) and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (hc, 0.1%) which were prepared with the same ointment base. dv-17 inhibited markedly the superficial inflammation such as increased vascular permeability induced by intrade ... | 1981 | 7262708 |
| sem studies of adherence of candida albicans to the gastrointestinal tract of infant mice. | in our earlier investigations it has been shown that the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of the infant mouse (4-5 days old) can be colonized following a single intragastric challenge with candida albicans. this makes it possible to investigate the sequence of events which occur during colonization of the gi tract by this opportunistic yeast. two strains of c. albicans, ca 30 and ns 33, which were shown in earlier studies to differ markedly in their ability to persist in the gi tract were examined. t ... | 1981 | 7330594 |
| marine biopolymers with cell specificity. ii. purification and characterization of agglutinins from mucus of windowpane flounder lophopsetta maculata. | the windowpane flounder, lophopsetta maculata, was found to have proteins in the body mucus which agglutinate mouse leukemia cells, l5784y but not l1210. they also agglutinate rabbit and mouse erythrocytes, a marine yeast and a bacterium, and have weak activity against mouse sarcoma 180 cells, human b, guinea pig, and horse erythrocytes. the hemagglutinating activity was not affected by the treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, trypsin, or pronase, but was inhibited by a high concentration of n-acet ... | 1980 | 7378446 |
| the use of organic solvents in mutagenicity testing. | 13 organic substances (dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, dl-sec-amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1,4-diethylene dioxide, acetone, methyl acetate and formamide) were considered from the standpoint of their use as solvents for water-insoluble chemicals to be tested for mutagenicity. first, the effect of these solvents on cell survival was studied in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe and in v79 chinese ha ... | 1980 | 7432372 |
| a strategy for the identification of candidate genes for alcohol-related phenotypes and other human disorders using rapid polymerase chain reaction mapping of gene-based sequence-tagged sites. | we describe a method for the rapid identification and mapping of human genes, including those possibly contributing to disease and alcohol-related phenotypes. new human genes are identified from cdna libraries through single-pass sequencing into the 3' untranslated (3'ut) regions of human brain cdnas. primers derived from the 3'ut region sequences [representing gene-based, sequence-tagged sites (stss)] are used for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analyses of the ceph megabase insert yeast artifi ... | 1995 | 7485825 |
| production of antigen-specific human antibodies from mice engineered with human heavy and light chain yacs. | our paper describes the introduction of large fragments of both the human heavy and light chain ig genes into the mouse germline to create a mouse strain capable of producing a broad repertoire of antigen-specific, fully human antibodies. the human immunoglobulin gene sequences were functional in the context of the mouse machinery for antibody recombination and expression, either in the presence or absence of functional endogenous genes. this was demonstrated by their ability to undergo diverse ... | 1995 | 7486581 |
| functional analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator interactions with aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the yeast two-hybrid system. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) mediates dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)-induced transcriptional activation of a battery of genes by interaction with a cofactor, called aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (arnt) protein. both ahr and arnt belong to a family of proteins that includes the drosophila circadian-rhythm protein and "single-minded" protein. these proteins share a domain called the pas domain. in addition to the pas domain, both ahr and arnt contain basic hel ... | 1995 | 7488247 |
| positional cloning of the nude locus: genetic, physical, and transcription maps of the region and mutations in the mouse and rat. | mutations in the nude locus in mice and rats produce the pleiotropic phenotype of hairlessness and athymia, resulting in severely compromised immune system. to identify the causative gene, we utilized modern tools and techniques of positional cloning. specifically, spanning the region in which the nude locus resides, we constructed a genetic map of polymorphic markers, a physical map of yeast artificial chromosomes and bacteriophage p1 clones, and a transcription map of genes obtained by direct ... | 1995 | 7490093 |
| dna sequences encoding enolase are remarkably conserved from yeast to mammals. | enolase (2-phospho-d-glycerate hydrolase, ec 4.2.1.11), particularly isoform neuron-specific enolase (nse), is primarily localized in neurons and neuroendocrine cells and is a cancer diagnostic marker for brain tumors. homology of enolase-coding dna sequences from human, dog, cow, rat, mouse, rabbit, chicken, and yeast cells was investigated using hybridization techniques, percent sequence divergence, and amino acid analysis. because enolase is a significant enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, eno ... | 1994 | 7520111 |
| antimetastatic effect of yeast mannan-bleomycin conjugate against mouse lewis lung carcinoma. | a conjugate of bleomycin (blm) and the mannan of bakers' yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type strain) (wnm) was synthesized. the assay of its antimetastatic effect on lewis lung carcinoma (3ll) implanted in c57bl/6 mice showed that this conjugate exhibited a higher antimetastatic effect and longer life-span elongation than those of free bleomycin and mannan with corresponding doses. this conjugate was also found to kill the 3ll cells in vitro. 14c-labeled mannan-bleomycin conjugate was much ... | 1994 | 7522733 |
| production of pigs transgenic for human regulators of complement activation. | | 1995 | 7533399 |
| structure of the gene (lrp1) coding for the human alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor lipoprotein receptor-related protein. | the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor or lipoprotein receptor-related protein (a2mr/lrp) is an amazingly large and multifunctional receptor. the active receptor protein is derived from a 600-kda precursor, encoded by a 15-kb mrna, cloned and sequenced in human, mouse, and chicken. we report here the cloning of the entire human gene (lrp1) coding for a2mr/lrp. the gene covered about 92 kb and a total of 89 exons were identified, varying in size from 65 bases (exon 86) to 925 bases (exon 89). the int ... | 1994 | 7534747 |
| does an animal peptide: n-glycanase have the dual role as an enzyme and a carbohydrate-binding protein? | recently, we have reported purification and characterization of a de-n-glycosylating enzyme, peptide: n-glycanase (pngase) found in c3h mouse fibroblast l-929 cells, and designated l-929 pngase [suzuki t, seko a, kitajima k, inoue y, inoue s (1994) j biol chem 269, 17611-18]. the unique properties of l-929 pngase are that the enzyme had a high affinity to the substrate glycopeptide (e.g. km = 114 microm for fetuin derived glycopentapeptide) and that the pngase-catalysed reaction is strongly inhi ... | 1994 | 7535137 |
| kif2 is a new microtubule-based anterograde motor that transports membranous organelles distinct from those carried by kinesin heavy chain or kif3a/b. | kinesin is known as a representative cytoskeletal motor protein that is engaged in cell division and axonal transport. in addition to the mutant assay, recent advances using the pcr cloning technique have elucidated the existence of many kinds of kinesin-related proteins in yeast, drosophila, and mice. we previously cloned five different members of kinesin superfamily proteins (kifs) in mouse brain (aizawa, h., y. sekine, r. takemura, z. zhang, m. nangaku, and n. hirokawa. 1992. j. cell biol. 11 ... | 1995 | 7535303 |
| use of yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) in studies of mammalian development: production of beta-globin locus yac mice carrying human globin developmental mutants. | to test whether yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) can be used in the investigation of mammalian development, we analyzed the phenotypes of transgenic mice carrying two types of beta-globin locus yac developmental mutants: (i) mice carrying a g-->a transition at position -117 of the a gamma gene, which is responsible for the greek a gamma form of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (hpfh), and (ii) beta-globin locus yac transgenic lines carrying delta- and beta-globin gene deletions with ... | 1995 | 7539923 |
| molecular and functional characterisation of e2f-5, a new member of the e2f family. | the transcription factor drtf1/e2f is implicated in the control of cellular proliferation due to its interaction with key regulators of cell cycle progression, such as the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene product and related pocket proteins, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. drtf1/e2f dna binding activity arises when a member of two distinct families of proteins, dp and e2f, interact as dp/e2f heterodimers. here, we report the isolation and characterisation of a new member of the e2f fa ... | 1995 | 7542760 |
| cellular effects of olomoucine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. | olomoucine (2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-methylpurine) has been recently described as a competitive inhibitor (atp-binding site) of the cell cycle regulating p34cdc2/cyclin b, p33cdk2/cyclin a and p33cdk2/cyclin e kinases, the brain p33cdk5/p35 kinase and the erk1/map-kinase. the unusual specificity of this compound towards cell cycle regulating enzymes suggests that it could inhibit certain steps of the cell cycle. the cellular effects of olomoucine were investigated in a large varie ... | 1995 | 7549905 |
| genetic studies reveal that myristoylcoa:protein n-myristoyltransferase is an essential enzyme in candida albicans. | myristoylcoa:protein n-myristoyltransferase (nmt) catalyses the co-translational, covalent attachment of myristate (c14:0) to the amino-terminal glycine residue of a number of eukaryotic proteins involved in cellular growth and signal transduction. the nmt1 gene is essential for vegetative growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae. studies were carried out to determine if nmt is also essential for vegetative growth of the pathogenic fungus candida albicans. a strain of c. albicans was constructed in wh ... | 1995 | 7565086 |
| ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. | thyroid-hormone and retinoic-acid receptors exert their regulatory functions by acting as both activators and repressors of gene expression. a nuclear receptor co-repressor (n-cor) of relative molecular mass 270k has been identified which mediates ligand-independent inhibition of gene transcription by these receptors, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of repression by thyroid-hormone and retinoic-acid receptors are analogous to the co-repressor-dependent transcriptional inhibitory mechani ... | 1995 | 7566114 |
| exploring the binding preferences/specificity in the active site of human cathepsin e. | aspartic proteinases are produced in the human body by a variety of cells. some of these proteins, examples of which are pepsin, gastricsin, and renin, are secreted and exert their effects in the extracellular spaces. cathepsin d and cathepsin e on the other hand are intracellular enzymes. the least characterized of the human aspartic proteinases is cathepsin e. presented here are results of studies designed to characterize the binding specificities in the active site of human cathepsin e with c ... | 1995 | 7567964 |
| the myeloid zinc finger gene, mzf-1, regulates the cd34 promoter in vitro. | mzf-1 is a c2h2 zinc finger gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator of myeloid differentiation. the mzf-1 protein contains 13 c2h2 zinc fingers arranged in bipartite dna binding domains containing zinc fingers through 4 and, in the carboxy-terminus, 5 through 13. we previously identified the dna consensus binding site recognized by the two dna binding domains. to assess the transcription regulatory function of mzf-1, the full-length mzf-1 coding region was fused to the dna binding dom ... | 1995 | 7579328 |
| mapping around the fused locus on mouse chromosome 17. | we have established a high-resolution genetic map of the region surrounding the fused locus as a first step towards the molecular identification and analysis of this gene. the candidate region has been covered to a large extent by yac and p1 contigs, and has been partly characterized by pulsed-field gel analysis. | 1995 | 7579885 |
| identification of 3'-terminal exons from yeast artificial chromosomes. | we report an extension of 3'-terminal exon trapping technology to the identification of transcribed sequences from yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs). a 350-kb yac containing mouse genomic dna was gel-purified and used as the target dna for the 3'-terminal exon trapping strategy. a novel direct ligation/transfection approach was employed to increase the efficiency of trapping 3'-terminal exons from recombinant vector-derived chimeric mrna. the resulting rt-pcr product was then used to generate ... | 1995 | 7580924 |
| human homologue of a candidate for the mom1 locus, the secretory type ii phospholipase a2 (pla2s-ii), maps to 1p35-36.1/d1s199. | mice heterozygous for the dominant min mutation in their apc gene develop multiple intestinal neoplasia. analogously, family members from familial adenomatous polyposis kindreds inheriting mutations in their human apc homologue develop a similar phenotype. quantitative trait loci studies have identified the mom1 locus (for modifier of min-1), which is responsible for part of the genetic variability in polyp number found among inbred mouse strains. the secretory type ii phospholipase [nonpancreat ... | 1995 | 7585622 |
| a widely distributed putative mammalian transcriptional regulator containing multiple paired amphipathic helices, with similarity to yeast sin3. | the mammalian sin3 gene (msin3) encodes four paired amphipathic helix (pah) motifs, three of which and an extended region beyond pah3 share between 59 and 70% sequence similarity with the yeast transcriptional regulator, sin3. however, msin3/sin3 fusion proteins were not able to substitute for the yeast molecule in complementation assays. transcripts encoding this putative transcriptional regulator, which maps to human chromosome 15q24, were detected in multiple mouse tissues, with highest level ... | 1995 | 7601471 |
| the usage of oligopeptides in proteins correlates negatively with molecular weight. | we scanned the swissprot databank to study the distribution of oligopeptides in sequenced proteins. we observed that in 7839,000 amino acids in the bank, the frequency is strongly and negatively correlated with molecular weight. the correlation coefficient is -0.63 for single amino acids, -0.58 for dipeptides, -0.54 for tri- and -0.46 for tetrapeptides. in subsets of proteins of man, mouse, rat drosophila, yeast and e. coli, the correlations were very similar to those for the total database. the ... | 1995 | 7601605 |
| targeting peptides transiently block a mitochondrial channel. | the effects of synthetic targeting peptides on the activity of the multiple conductance channel (mcc) of mouse and yeast mitochondria were investigated using patch-clamp techniques. amino-terminal targeting peptides of two inner membrane proteins reversibly decreased the open probability and mean open time of mcc. one of these targeting peptides had no effect on two other voltage-dependent mitochondrial channels. furthermore, the effects induced by the two targeting peptides on mcc were not elic ... | 1995 | 7608149 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding mouse cdc21 and cdc46 homologs and characterization of the products: physical interaction between p1(mcm3) and cdc46 proteins. | two new mouse genes encoding proteins that belong to the yeast minichromosome maintenance (mcm) protein family, which is involved in the initiation of dna replication, were isolated and their nucleotide sequence was determined. they were a putative cdc46/mcm5 homolog and a putative cdc21 homolog. about 30% amino acid identity was obtained between members in the family, and > 40% between the putative mouse and yeast homologs. the expression of these genes was cell-cycle specific at the late g1 to ... | 1995 | 7610039 |
| functional domains of the heavy metal-responsive transcription regulator mtf-1. | metallothioneins (mts) constitute a class of low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal binding proteins which are regulated at the level of gene transcription in response to heavy metals and other adverse treatments. we have previously cloned a zinc finger factor (mtf-1) that binds specifically to heavy metal-responsive dna sequence elements in metallothionein promoters and shown that this factor is essential for basal and heavy metal-induced transcription. here we report that the c-terminal pa ... | 1995 | 7610056 |
| identification of microsatellite markers near the human ob gene and linkage studies in niddm-affected sib pairs. | non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm) is a complex metabolic disorder with a significant genetic component. obesity is a frequent complicating factor for niddm. in the mouse, a number of single gene defects that result in obesity have been described. mutations in one of these genes, the ob gene, results in both obesity and niddm. recently, the cloning of the murine ob gene and its human homologue has been reported (nature 372:425-432, 1994). in the present study, the contribution of ge ... | 1995 | 7622007 |
| expression cloning of lfc, a novel oncogene with structural similarities to guanine nucleotide exchange factors and to the regulatory region of protein kinase c. | in order to identify cdnas that can induce oncogenic transformation, a retroviral vector was used to transfer a library of cdnas from the murine 32d hemopoietic cell line into nih 3t3 fibroblasts. we have identified and recovered a provirus containing a 1.8-kilobase pair cdna whose expression causes morphological transformation in nih 3t3 cells. the transforming cdna contains a complete open reading frame that encodes a protein (designated lfc) with a region of sequence similarity to the product ... | 1995 | 7629163 |
| an abundant, trans-spliced mrna from toxocara canis infective larvae encodes a 26-kda protein with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins. | a full-length mrna encoding a secreted 26-kda antigen of infective larvae of the ascarid nematode parasite toxocara canis has been identified. this was characterized as a 1,082-base pair clone highly abundant (0.8-1.9%) in cdna prepared from infective stage larvae but absent from cdna from adult male worms. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame corresponding to a hydrophilic 263-amino acid residue polypeptide with a 20-residue n-terminal signal peptide, indicating that it is secreted. ... | 1995 | 7629180 |
| a mammalian delayed-early response gene encodes hnp36, a novel, conserved nucleolar protein. | murine fibroblasts respond to mitogens by sequential gene expression in which immediate-early, or primary response, gene transcription factors direct expression of secondary transcripts encoded by delayed-early response (der) genes. der gene products include growth progression factors, but the products of several novel cdnas are unknown. murine and human cdnas derived from one novel der gene (der12) were characterized to identify its product and to probe its role in the growth response. both seq ... | 1995 | 7639753 |
| variable efficacy of passive antibody administration against diverse cryptococcus neoformans strains. | the efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mab 2h1) against diverse strains of cryptococcus neoformans was studied in a murine model of intravenous infection. for six of eight strains, administration of mab prior to infection prolonged survival of mice. for two strains, 371 and sb4a, administration of mab prior to infection did not prolong survival in multiple experiments with inocula ranging from 10(2) to 10(6) yeast cells per mouse. mice infected with strains 371 and sb4a had fewer cfu than non-mab- ... | 1995 | 7642262 |
| interaction of oct-1 with tfiib. implications for a novel response elicited through the proximal octamer site of the lipoprotein lipase promoter. | the ubiquitous human pou domain protein, oct-1, and the related b-cell protein, oct-2, regulate transcription from a variety of eukaryotic genes by binding to a common cis-acting octamer element, 5'-atttgcat-3'. the binding of oct-1 and oct-2 to the functionally important lipoprotein lipase (lpl) promoter octamer site was stimulated by the general transcription factor, tfiib. comparative analysis of the lpl, histone h2b (h2b), and herpes simplex virus icpo gene promoter octamer sites revealed th ... | 1995 | 7642649 |
| multiple bcl-2 family members demonstrate selective dimerizations with bax. | a family of bcl-2-related proteins regulates cell death and shares highly conserved bh1 and bh2 domains. bh1 and bh2 domains of bcl-2 were required for it to heterodimerize with bax and to repress apoptosis. a yeast two-hybrid assay accurately reproduced this interaction and defined a selectivity and hierarchy of further dimerizations. bax also heterodimerizes with bcl-xl, mcl-1, and a1. a gly-159-->ala substitution in bh1 of bcl-xl disrupted its heterodimerization with bax and abrogated its inh ... | 1995 | 7644501 |
| yac cloning mus musculus telomeric dna: physical, genetic, in situ and sts markers for the distal telomere of chromosome 10. | three mus musculus dba/2 yac libraries were constructed using a half-yac telomere cloning vector. this functional complementation approach yields libraries which include terminal restriction fragments of the mouse genome. screening all three libraries led to the isolation of 32 independent clones which carry linear yacs containing the mouse terminal repeat sequence, (ttaggg)n. these yacs provide a resource to isolate regions of the mouse genome close to chromosome termini and excluded from exist ... | 1995 | 7655454 |
| calpain immunoreactivity in baker's yeast, lobster and wheat germ. | the immunoreactivities of mu-calpain and m-calpain in wheat germ, lobster tail meat, and three strains of yeast were analysed by western blotting using mouse anti-mu-calpain and rabbit anti-m-calpain. the occurrence of multiple bands may be due to either autolyses or the interactions between the calpains and other molecules. the results suggest not only a ubiquitous distribution and a universal regulatory role of calpain in eukaryotes, but also an evolutional conservation of calpain. | 1995 | 7656576 |
| a 39-kd dna-binding protein from mouse brain stimulates transcription of myelin basic protein gene in oligodendrocytic cells. | the mb1 regulatory sequence of the myelin basic protein (mbp) gene spanning between nucleotides -14 to -50 with respect to the transcription start site is critical for cell type-specific transcription of the mbp gene, which encodes the major protein component of myelin sheath in cells derived from the central nervous system (cns). this regulatory sequence has the ability to interact with a developmentally controlled dna-binding protein from mouse brain that stimulates transcription of mbp promot ... | 1995 | 7657701 |
| cytokine mrna in brain tissue from mice that show strain-dependent differences in the severity of lesions induced by systemic infection with candida albicans yeast. | balb/c and cba/cah mice show discrete, genetically determined patterns of tissue responses to infection with the yeast candida albicans. by use of a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, interferon (ifn)-gamma, interleukin (il)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha were readily demonstrated in brain tissue on days 1, 3, and 5 after infection and were present in higher concentrations in cba/cah than in balb/c mice. il-2 and -4 were detected in both strains but at di ... | 1995 | 7658077 |
| assignment of cardiac homeobox gene csx to human chromosome 5q34. | homeobox-containing genes play critical roles in regulating tissue-specific gene expression essential for tissue differentiation, as well as determining the temporal and spatial patterns of development. recently, a human cardiac homeobox-containing gene, csx, has been isolated. csx is abundantly expressed in the human heart from fetal stages, suggesting that csx plays an important role in human heart formation. in the present study, we have determined the chromosomal localization of csx by fluor ... | 1995 | 7665173 |
| n-oxygenation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by the rat liver flavin-containing monooxygenase expressed in yeast cells. | n-oxygenation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp), a dopaminergic neurotoxin, was studied using recombinant rat liver flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo), fmo1a1, expressed in yeast cells. the mean (+/- s.d.) kinetic parameters of mptp n-oxygenation were: km = 1.8 +/- 0.5 microm, vmax = 9.5 +/- 1.6 nmol/mg per min, and vmax/km = 4.6 +/- 0.5 ml/mg per min. n-octylamine, an activator of fmo, enhanced the mptp n-oxygenation activity by 51%, while methimazole, thiobenzamide and ... | 1995 | 7672012 |
| secondary structure of rnase mrp rna as predicted by phylogenetic comparison. | rnase mrp is a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease that has been shown to cleave mitochondrial primer rna sequences from a variety of sources. the bulk of rnase mrp activity is found in the nucleus where its function remains unknown. two different approaches have resulted in predictions of distinct secondary structures for rnase mrp rna. in order to analyze more definitively the higher-order structure of rnase mrp rna, we have conducted a phylogenetic comparison of the available rnase mrp rna seq ... | 1993 | 7678563 |
| epitope mapping and accessibility of immunodominant regions of yeast plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. | immunodominant regions of yeast plasma membrane h(+)-atpase have been mapped by two different approaches. a rabbit polyclonal antibody was used to screen a library of random fragments of the atpase gene in a bacterial expression plasmid. in addition, the epitopes recognized by a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies against the atpase were mapped by reactions with defined fragments of the enzyme expressed in escherichia coli. both methodologies indicated that two regions within the amino-terminal ... | 1993 | 7681777 |
| chemical definition of an epitope/adhesin molecule on candida albicans. | an antigen (ag), as defined by reactivity with a monoclonal antibody (mab 10g), was found on the cell wall surface and on the plasma membrane of candida albicans yeast cells (li, r. k., and cutler, j. e. (1991) j. gen. microbiol. 137, 455-464). the 10g ag from the cell surface location was solubilized by treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol and zymolyase. antigenic activity of the extract was lost following periodate oxidation, but was stable to proteolytic enzyme and heat treatments. mannoprotei ... | 1993 | 7688744 |
| selection of ten base-pair sequences which enhance the response of the gal1 minimal promoter to murine hoxa-7 in yeast. | the mouse homeodomain protein hoxa-7, expressed under the control of an inducible promoter, was able to inducibly activate reporter genes containing multimerized hoxa-7 binding sites in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this tight regulation was exploited in an attempt to screen for hoxa-7 responsive elements. a reporter library consisting of a randomised 10 bp element inserted into the minimal gal1 promoter was constructed. in a surprisingly small screen, 24 reporters were isolated which had all of the ... | 1995 | 7707367 |
| altering the regiospecificity of androstenedione hydroxylase activity in p450s 2a-4/5 by a mutation of the residue at position 481. | mouse p450 2a-5 (coumarin 7-hydroxylase) acquires androstenedione (ad) hydroxylase activity by substituting phe at position 209 with asn. however, this mutant p450 2a-5 (f209n) and the corresponding mutant p450 2a-4 (l209n) exhibit different regiospecificites of androstenedione (ad) hydroxylase activity. while the former mutant catalyzes both ad 15 alpha- and 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities at similar rates, the latter mutant maintains the original high specificity of ad 15 alpha-hydroxylase acti ... | 1995 | 7711025 |
| different domains of the murine rna polymerase i-specific termination factor mttf-i serve distinct functions in transcription termination. | termination of mouse ribosomal gene transcription by rna polymerase i (pol i) requires the specific interaction of a dna binding protein, mttf-i, with an 18 bp sequence element located downstream of the rrna coding region. here we describe the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the cdna encoding this transcription termination factor. recombinant mttf-i binds specifically to the murine terminator elements and terminates pol i transcription in a reconstituted in vitro system. del ... | 1995 | 7720715 |
| immunotechnological trends in radioimmunotargeting: from 'magic bullet' to 'smart bomb'. | the impact of recent advances in the chemical and genetic engineering manipulations of antibodies on radioimmunotargeting is reviewed both in relation to radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunotherapy. the resulting trends are: (1) the linking of parts of the mouse/rat and human antibody molecule; (2) the creation of molecules with dual antigen or multiple antigen recognition capabilities; (3) the making of smaller and smaller antigen recognition molecules; and (4) the development of molecules w ... | 1995 | 7731620 |
| scleraxis: a basic helix-loop-helix protein that prefigures skeletal formation during mouse embryogenesis. | members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) family of transcription factors have been shown to regulate growth and differentiation of numerous cell types. cell-type-specific bhlh proteins typically form heterodimers with ubiquitous bhlh proteins, such as e12, and bind a dna consensus sequence known as an e-box. we used the yeast two-hybrid system to screen mouse embryo cdna libraries for cdnas encoding novel cell-type-specific bhlh proteins that dimerize with e12. one of the cdnas isolated enco ... | 1995 | 7743923 |
| the n-terminal part of tif1, a putative mediator of the ligand-dependent activation function (af-2) of nuclear receptors, is fused to b-raf in the oncogenic protein t18. | nuclear receptors (nrs) bound to response elements mediate the effects of cognate ligands on gene expression. their ligand-dependent activation function, af-2, presumably acts on the basal transcription machinery through intermediary proteins/mediators. we have isolated a mouse nuclear protein, tif1, which enhances rxr and rar af-2 in yeast and interacts in a ligand-dependent manner with several nrs in yeast and mammalian cells, as well as in vitro. remarkably, these interactions require the ami ... | 1995 | 7744009 |
| degradation of ornithine decarboxylase by the mammalian and yeast 26s proteasome complexes requires all the components of the protease. | ornithine decarboxylase (odc), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, is an extremely short-lived protein. this attribute is important for the regulation of the activity of the enzyme and implies that the mechanisms involved in its degradation play an important role in the control of the cellular processes in which the enzyme is involved. recently, it has been shown that odc is degraded by the 26s proteasome complex in a process that requires antizyme, but not ubiquitin. with one report ... | 1995 | 7744041 |
| heat shock protein hsp90 regulates dioxin receptor function in vivo. | the dioxin (aryl hydrocarbon) receptor is a ligand-dependent basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) factor that binds to xenobiotic response elements of target promoters upon heterodimerization with the bhlh partner factor arnt. here we have replaced the bhlh motif of the dioxin receptor with a heterologous dna-binding domain to create fusion proteins that mediate ligand-dependent transcriptional enhancement in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). previously, our experiments indicated that the ligand-free d ... | 1995 | 7753824 |
| structure and function of asp, the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene. | the mouse agouti coat color gene encodes a novel paracrine signaling molecule whose pulsatile expression produces a characteristic pattern of banded pigment in individual hairs. several spontaneous agouti alleles produce adult-onset obesity and diabetes, and have provided important single-gene animal models for alterations in energy metabolism. utilizing linkage groups conserved between mice and humans, we have cloned the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene from a human chromosome 20 yeast ar ... | 1995 | 7757071 |
| isolation of proteins that interact specifically with the retinoid x receptor: two novel orphan receptors. | we have used a yeast genetic system to isolate cdnas encoding proteins that specifically interact with the ligand-binding domain of human retinoid x receptor-alpha (rxr alpha). a number encoded portions of two known rxr heterodimer partners, the retinoic acid receptor (rar) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. of four additional rxr-interacting proteins (rips) selected for further study two, rip14 and rip15, are previously unidentified orphan members of the nuclear receptor superf ... | 1995 | 7760852 |
| use of a hollow fiber bioreactor for large-scale production of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in mammalian cells. | gene cloning has revealed the existence of receptors, which are structurally similar but pharmacologically distinct. one recent example is the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2ar) family with three members. preparation of membrane-embedded g-protein coupled receptor subtypes in pure form is practically impossible from natural sources and only recombinant techniques have provided possibilities to study these receptors in great detail. in this respect, both yeast and insect cell hosts have been ... | 1994 | 7765455 |
| e-box variants direct formation of distinct complexes with the basic helix-loop-helix protein alf1. | the murine transcription factor alf1 belongs to the class of basic helix-loop-helix proteins specific for the ncagntgn-version of the e-box. binding of homodimeric alf1 to variants of this motif was studied by a combination of binding site selection technology and dna modification interference analysis. the results showed that substitutions at the non-conserved positions in the e-box sequence could cause profound alterations in the patterns of specific contacts at the protein-dna interface. thus ... | 1995 | 7783212 |
| analysis of vibrio cholerae toxr function by construction of novel fusion proteins. | the toxr protein is a transmembrane protein that regulates the expression of several virulence factors of vibrio cholerae. previous analysis of fusion proteins between toxr and alkaline phosphatase (toxr-phoa) suggested that toxr was active as a dimer. in order to determine whether dimerization of the toxr periplasmic domain was essential for activity, this domain was replaced by monomeric and dimeric protein domains. surprisingly, phoa (dimeric), beta-lactamase (monomeric, toxr-bla), or the leu ... | 1995 | 7783643 |
| evidence from antibody studies that the cag repeat in the huntington disease gene is expressed in the protein. | the neurodegenerative disorder huntington disease (hd) appears to be caused by an increase in the number of repeats of the trinucleotide cag located near the 5' end of the gene. the nucleotide sequences of the cdna and the gene predict that the hd protein has a molecular weight of 347,000 (3144 amino acids) and that the cag repeats encode a segment of polyglutamine beginning 17 amino acids from the amino terminus. because the cag repeat plays such a critical role in the etiology of the disease, ... | 1995 | 7795604 |
| optical mapping of lambda bacteriophage clones using restriction endonucleases. | optical mapping is an emerging single molecule approach for the rapid generation of ordered restriction maps, using fluorescence microscopy. we have improved the size resolution of optical mapping by imaging individual dna molecules elongated and fixed onto derivatized glass surfaces. averaged fluorescence intensity and apparent length measurements accurately determined the mass of restriction fragments 800 basepairs long. we have used optical mapping to create ordered restriction maps for lambd ... | 1995 | 7795651 |
| identification of a major subfamily of large hsp70-like proteins through the cloning of the mammalian 110-kda heat shock protein. | a major mammalian heat shock protein of 110 kda (hsp110) has long been observed, but has not been cloned. we have cloned the hamster cdna for hsp110 and show that it hybridizes on a northern blot to a 3.5-kilobase heat-inducible message in hamster and mouse. the hsp110 sequence was found to share an approximately 30-33% amino acid identity with members of the hsp70 family, most of which occurs in the conserved atp-binding domain of these molecules. in addition, five sequences were found to be hi ... | 1995 | 7797574 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor: identification of amino acids implicated in the binding site of ro5-4864. | the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (pbr) is an 18-kda protein present in the outer mitochondrial membrane. the human pbr can be labeled with the benzodiazepine ro5-4864 and with the isoquinoline carboxamide pk11195. the two ligands compete with each other in binding experiments, with previous results suggesting overlapping but not identical binding sites. to define the regions of the receptor interacting with pk11195 and ro5-4864 and to address the question of the topology of the molecule in ... | 1994 | 7808437 |
| identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for ral as a putative effector molecule of r-ras, h-ras, k-ras, and rap. | to identify proteins that bind to the ras-related protein r-ras we performed a yeast two-hybrid cdna library screen. several clones were obtained encoding the c-terminal region of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for ral (ralgds). the r-ras-binding domain of ralgds (ralgds-rbd) is distinct from the conserved catalytic exchange factor regions. using the two-hybrid system, we show that ralgds-rbd interacts with h-ras, k-ras, and rap, and with active but not with inactive point mutant ... | 1994 | 7809086 |
| prospective study of the impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the yeast flora of the human gut. | the effects of four antibiotics on the yeast flora of the human gut were evaluated. forty adult cancer patients who received therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or ampicillin were studied prospectively. quantitative stool cultures for yeasts were performed immediately before, at the end of and one week after the end of the antibiotic treatment. amoxicillin-clavulanate caused a higher and more persistent increase in gastrointestinal colonization by y ... | 1994 | 7813500 |
| arabidopsis thaliana expresses three divergent srp54 genes. | the arabidopsis thaliana srp54 gene family was determined to consist of three genes, all of which were cloned and sequenced. in addition, cdnas corresponding to two of the genes were obtained. to our knowledge this is the first description of multiple srp54 genes within an organism. in contrast to the situation in mammals, where there are only three amino acid differences between the mouse and canine sequences, there was significant amino acid sequence diversity among the genes, particularly in ... | 1994 | 7824644 |
| basal components of the transcription apparatus (rna polymerase ii, tata-binding protein) contain activation domains: is the repetitive c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna polymerase ii a "portable enhancer domain"? | regions rich in serine, threonine, and proline residues can be found in transcriptional activation domains, as well as in the n-terminal parts of mammalian tata-binding proteins, where they are interrupted by polyglutamine stretches. likewise, the c-terminal domain of the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii contains multiple repeats of the consensus heptapeptide sequence ysptsps. to test directly for possible activation functions, we fused the gal4 dna-binding domain to the n-terminal domain of ... | 1994 | 7826625 |