| signs and symptoms in common colds. | the patterns of disease caused by five common viruses which infect the respiratory tract are described. the viruses were strains of rhinovirus types 2, 9, and 14, a strain of coronavirus type 229e and of respiratory syncytial virus. volunteers were given nasal drops containing a low infectious dose of one of the viruses, quarantined from 2 days before to 5 days after inoculation, and examined daily by a clinician using a standard checklist of respiratory signs and symptoms. only subjects who dev ... | 1993 | 8394240 |
| association of rhinovirus infection with poor bacteriologic outcome of bacterial-viral otitis media. | viruses--both alone and in combination with bacteria--have been shown to be a cause of acute otitis media (aom). moreover, the presence of virus in middle ear fluid (mef) interferes with the bacteriologic response to antibiotic treatment in aom. we studied various factors related to the eradication of bacteria from the mef of infants and children who had aom associated with a combination of bacteria and viruses. of 622 cases of aom diagnosed and treated between 1985 and 1991, 71 were due to such ... | 1993 | 8394749 |
| improved detection of rhinoviruses in nasal and throat swabs by seminested rt-pcr. | a seminested rt-pcr (nrt-pcr) was used to detect picornavirus (pv) rna in cell cultures inoculated with rhinoviruses (hrvs) and enteroviruses (evs). pcr tests in which a primary "touchdown" pcr was followed by secondary reactions using pv or hrv specific primers were able to differentiate hrvs of 48 serotypes from evs. pvnrt-pcr and hrvnrt-pcr were then used to test nasal and throat swabs from adult subjects with naturally acquired respiratory virus infections. the swabs were also analysed for r ... | 1993 | 8395557 |
| development of a novel subunit vaccine that protects cotton rats against both human respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3. | a cotton rat model of experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of frhnp, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion glycoprotein of rsv and the attachment glycoprotein of piv-3, as a single subunit vaccine against these two viruses. this work was prompted by previous cotton rat studies that demonstrated that the major protective antigens of the two viruses ... | 1993 | 8397289 |
| atypical extrapulmonary presentations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring intensive care. | the patterns and nature of a four-month epidemic of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated disease were analyzed using presenting, demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data. of 218 infants with rsv infection admitted to rainbow babies and childrens hospital, 49 (22.4%), most born prematurely, entered the pediatric intensive care unit (picu). fluorescent antibody and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay documented rsv infection. picu patients underwent airway stabilization; 53.5% w ... | 1993 | 8403742 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: the expanded clinical spectrum. | | 1993 | 8403743 |
| impact of respiratory virus infection in patients with chronic chest disease. | this study investigated the morbidity associated with respiratory virus infections in patients with well-documented chest disease, and the risk of transmission between close contacts. patients informed the study team if they were exposed to a family member or colleague with a cold. patients and symptomatic index cases recorded respiratory symptoms during the study period. acute nasopharyngeal swabs and paired sera were obtained for viral diagnosis. twenty-five (43%) of 58 recorded exposures resu ... | 1993 | 8405160 |
| comparison of rapid diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial and influenza a virus respiratory infections in young children. | we performed virus isolation tests for respiratory viruses on combined nasal wash-throat swab specimens collected from infants and children with acute respiratory illnesses presenting to a hospital clinic during a 3-month period of concurrent epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus (flu a) infections. virus isolation results were used to assess the utility of commercially available rapid diagnostic kits for these two viruses. the kits employed direct immunofluorescen ... | 1993 | 8408545 |
| recent advances in bovine vaccine technology. | a description of new commercial and experimental vaccines for viral and bacterial diseases of cattle can be broadly divided into those used for both beef and dairy cows and those used predominantly in dairy cattle. for both types of cattle, newer and experimental vaccines are directed against several of the important viral (e.g., bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3, and foot-and-mouth disease virus) and bacterial pathogens ( ... | 1993 | 8408872 |
| antiviral activity of c-alkylated purine nucleosides obtained by cross-coupling with tetraalkyltin reagents. | 2-, 6-, and 8-alkylated (methyl, ethyl, and vinyl) adenosine analogues were synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of a tetraalkyltin with the halogenated purine nucleosides. the synthesis of the 8-substituted analogues was accomplished using a transient protection procedure. the 6-alkylated-9-beta-d-ribofuranosylpurines as well as 2-ethyladenosine were cytotoxic at relatively low concentrations (0.8-10 micrograms/ml). 8-methyladenosine was a potent and selective inhibitor of vaccin ... | 1993 | 8411010 |
| prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to high-risk infants and young children. the respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin study group. | infants with cardiac disease or prematurity are at risk for severe illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus. immune globulin with a high titer of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus may offer infants and young children at risk protection from this serious, common respiratory illness. | 1993 | 8413475 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--successful immunoprophylaxis at last. | | 1993 | 8413482 |
| the role of ige-mediated hypersensitivity in the development of otitis media with effusion: a review. | otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of hearing loss in children today. this report examines the role of immunoglobulin e-mediated hypersensitivity in the development of otitis media with effusion. it is emphasized that immunoglobulin e-mediated hypersensitivity, or allergy, represents only one variable in a very complex disease entity. bacterial infection, viral infection, and mucociliary clearance are important variables that must be considered and may be effected by the allergi ... | 1993 | 8414590 |
| alpha-2a-interferon for treatment of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | alpha-2a-interferon (ifn) has been shown to provide important local defense against some viral infections. in vitro, ifn inhibits the growth of respiratory syncytial virus in bovine monolayer cultures, but respiratory syncytial virus is known to be a poor inducer of ifn in infected infants. when ifn was administered by daily intramuscular injection in a double blind, placebo-controlled study of 22 infants with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus, there was no statistically signif ... | 1993 | 8414778 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized canadian children: regional differences in patient populations and management practices. the pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization for respiratory tract infection during the first 2 years of life. the optimal approach to management remains controversial. during the 1991 to 1992 rsv season rsv-infected children admitted to eight canadian tertiary care pediatric centers were followed to: (1) assess the morbidity and mortality attributable to rsv infection among hospitalized patients with and without known risk factors for severe disease; and (2) a ... | 1993 | 8414779 |
| respiratory syncytial virus illnesses in human immunodeficiency virus- and noninfected children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract and febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses were prospectively assessed in cohorts of 83 infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)- and of 48 infants born to non-hiv-infected mothers. of the infants born to hiv-infected mothers, 18 were themselves infected with hiv, 26 were indeterminant and 39 were free from hiv. ten rsv illnesses occurred in 8 hiv-infected, 2 illnesses in 2 indeterminant and 17 illnesses occurred in 17 non-hi ... | 1993 | 8414800 |
| risk factors for acute wheezing in infants and children: viruses, passive smoke, and ige antibodies to inhalant allergens. | to examine the prevalence of viral infection, passive smoke exposure, and ige antibody to inhaled allergens in infants and children treated for acute wheezing. | 1993 | 8414823 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses: possible influence of other agents. the group health medical associates. | acute lower respiratory illnesses were prospectively investigated in a cohort of 1246 healthy infants who were enrolled at birth in the tucson children's respiratory study and followed through the first 3 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was documented by culture, antigen detection or both in 276 episodes. in 21 (7.6%) of these 276, other viruses were simultaneously detected. further serologic studies of 50 episodes in which rsv had been found increased the apparent vir ... | 1993 | 8417418 |
| interleukin-8 expression in normal nasal epithelium and its modulation by infection with respiratory syncytial virus and cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. | inflammation in nasal and airway tissue caused by allergens, microbial infection, and air pollution are likely to be regulated by inflammatory mediators produced by airway epithelial cells. we have therefore investigated the baseline expression of a number of cytokine genes known to be important inducers and modulators of inflammation, in freshly isolated human nasal epithelium. cells were obtained by superficial scraping of turbinate tissue, and cdna for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplific ... | 1993 | 8417753 |
| immunogenicity and safety of respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine in seropositive children 18-36 months old. | twenty-six children (aged 18-36 months) previously hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were randomized to receive 50 micrograms of an rsv subunit vaccine composed primarily of f glycoprotein or saline placebo by intramuscular injection. serum was obtained at entry and at 1 and 6 months after vaccination for detection of antibody to f glycoprotein and g glycoprotein of subtypes a (ga) or b (gb) and of neutralizing antibody (nab). at 1 month, by comparing the baseline valu ... | 1993 | 8418166 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak activity--united states, 1992. | the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) was established in 1989 to monitor trends in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and rotaviruses in the united states and to provide information to public health officials and health-care providers about the presence of these viruses in their communities. based on reports of rsv detections to the nrevss, during the 1992-93 season, outbreaks of rsv had occurred in all regions of the united ... | 1993 | 8418399 |
| current perspectives on respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of acute viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children. management of rsv infection has changed dramatically over the past 5 to 7 years because of (1) the advent of widely available rapid tests for its specific identification and (2) use of the antiviral agent ribavirin (virazole). although rsv infection remains a life-threatening disease, particularly in certain high-risk groups, appropriate management and judicious use o ... | 1993 | 8418452 |
| t cell redistribution kinetics after secondary infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | balb/c mice were infected intranasally with live respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and reinfected 4 weeks later. at regular intervals thereafter groups of animals were killed and t cell subsets were determined in blood, spleen and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) with flow cytometry employing t cell subset-specific moabs. total lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood decreased 1-3 days after infection, returning to preinfection levels on day 8 (p = 0.0111). simultaneously, a marked increase of lym ... | 1993 | 8419089 |
| the cytolytic activity of pulmonary cd8+ lymphocytes, induced by infection with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), correlates with resistance to rsv infection in mice. | previous studies demonstrated that the pulmonary resistance to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge induced by immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the m2 protein of rsv (vac-m2) was significantly greater 9 days after immunization than at 28 days and was mediated predominantly by cd8+ t cells. in this study, we have extended these findings and sought to determine whether the level of cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity measured in vitro correlates with the resi ... | 1993 | 8419638 |
| the relationship of rsv-specific immunoglobulin e antibody responses in infancy, recurrent wheezing, and pulmonary function at age 7-8 years. | in order to determine if respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige responses at the time of bronchiolitis in infancy are related to recurrent wheezing and pulmonary function at 7-8 years of age, a cohort of 43 infants was identified at the time of their initial rsv bronchiolitis episode. rsv-specific ige responses in nasopharyngeal secretions were determined, and patients were then followed prospectively with notation of the number of wheezing episodes and exposure to cigarette smoke at hom ... | 1993 | 8419894 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. current trends: respiratory syncytial virus outbreak activity--united states, 1992. | | 1993 | 8423643 |
| stability of respiratory syncytial virus antigen due to buffer treatment for direct detection in nasopharyngeal specimens with enzyme immunoassay. | we developed an enzyme immunoassay (direct eia; enzygnost rsv[ag]) for the direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (nps). the test procedure is the same as our recently described direct eia for detection of influenza a and b virus antigens in nps. for practical purposes it is of advantage to differentiate respiratory viruses on the same microtitration plate in the same run. the test shows no limitations by sample consistency, and results are obta ... | 1993 | 8426273 |
| mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospitalization, with emphasis on infection in the elderly. | to determine the frequency and the clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in the elderly. | 1993 | 8435028 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus protects cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most frequent cause of severe respiratory infections in infancy. no vaccine against this virus has yet been protective, and antiviral drugs have been of limited utility. using the cotton rat model of hrsv infection, we examined bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), a cause of acute respiratory disease in young cattle, as a possible vaccine candidate to protect children against hrsv infection. cotton rats were primed intranasally with graded do ... | 1993 | 8437227 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells specifically interacts with the phosphoprotein and the m2 protein. | the coding region of the gene for the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus has been inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) using transfer vector pvl 1393. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with recombinant virus resulted in the synthesis of high levels of n protein. this protein was indistinguishable from the authentic bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) n protein by sds-gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitat ... | 1993 | 8438581 |
| canine distemper virus l gene: sequence and comparison with related viruses. | we cloned the genomic rna of canine distemper virus (cdv) and determined the nucleotide sequence of the large (l) protein-coding gene. the l gene is 6573 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 2161 amino acids (mw 246,354). the precise 5' end of the viral genome consists of a 38-nucleotide leader region. the cdv l protein shows over 77% amino acid similarity with its morbilliform relative measles virus (mv) with nearly 67% of their amino acids conse ... | 1993 | 8438585 |
| preterm twins and triplets. a high-risk group for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to assess the impact of multiple births and crowded homes on the severity of respiratory syncytial virus illness in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | 1993 | 8438813 |
| a human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) primate model of enhanced pulmonary pathology induced with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine but not a recombinant fg subunit vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. rsv vaccine development has been stifled for the past 23 years because infants vaccinated with formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv have experienced exacerbated disease upon rsv infection. this exacerbated disease phenomenon is poorly understood, in part because of the lack of a primate model that exhibits a similar exacerbated disease state. vaccination of african green monkeys with either fi ... | 1993 | 8440926 |
| antigenic and nucleic acid analysis of nosocomial isolates of respiratory syncytial virus. | monoclonal antibodies and ribonuclease protection were used to analyze antigenic and genomic diversity among 42 isolates of group a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from studies of nosocomial rsv carried out at the university of rochester during the 1974-1975 and 1975-1976 rsv seasons. three distinct subgroups or lineages and a total of 12 viral variants were present. against this background of diversity, an outbreak was recognized that included 13 indistinguishable isolates occurring during a ... | 1993 | 8440927 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on theophylline disposition. | | 1993 | 8441116 |
| aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children treated in hospital. | viral and bacterial antigen and antibody assays were prospectively applied to study the microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 195 hospitalised children during a surveillance period of 12 months. a viral infection alone was indicated in 37 (19%), a bacterial infection alone in 30 (15%) and a mixed viral-bacterial infection in 32 (16%) patients. thus, 46% of the 69 patients with viral infection and 52% of the 62 patients with bacterial infection had a mixed viral and bacterial aet ... | 1993 | 8444202 |
| risk factors for mechanical ventilation in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in a prospective study, risk factors for mechanical ventilation were identified in 102 patients with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection admitted to the sophia children's hospital, rotterdam. age, weight on admission and prematurity were associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. using multivariate analysis, only low weight was an independent risk factor for mechanical ventilation. for infants weighing less than 5 kg the relative risk for mechanical ventilation was 4.4 (95% con ... | 1993 | 8444219 |
| expression of the g glycoprotein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus in salmonella typhimurium. | the attachment protein, g, of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an m(r) 84k to 90k species which has a high content of n-linked and o-linked carbohydrates. the unglycosylated form of this protein was expressed by inserting a full-length cdna copy of the mrna from the a2 strain of rsv into a prokaryotic expression vector under the control of the lambda pl promoter. salmonella typhimurium cells transformed with the g-containing plasmid synthesized a protein of m(r) 40,000 that specificall ... | 1993 | 8445368 |
| the structure of the 5' terminal cap of the respiratory syncytial virus mrna. | the 5' terminal cap structure of the mrnas of human respiratory syncytial virus synthesized in vitro in the presence of s-adenosyl-l-methionine consists of a 7-methyl guanosine linked to an unmethylated guanosine through a 5'-5' pyrophosphate linkage formed by using the alpha and beta phosphates of gtp. the complete cap structure is m7g (5')ppp(5')gp ... which is devoid of ribose 2'-o-methylation. capping, including methylation, is coupled to transcription. these results constitute the first rep ... | 1993 | 8445369 |
| more on rsv and ribavirin. | the description of teratogenic potential in rodents, rabbits, and hamsters from environmental exposure to ribavirin has raised concerns among caregivers. elimination of ribavirin use to avoid caregiver exposure is neither scientifically nor ethically justified because of its proven efficacy in the treatment of the potentially life-threatening disease of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants and young children. | 1993 | 8446486 |
| selected nosocomial viral infections. | a nosocomial viral infection is defined as a viral infection the onset of which occurs when the patient has been hospitalized longer than the incubation period of the virus. viruses account for about 5% of all nosocomial infections. viral cross-infection is most common in infants and children but also occurs in other groups, including the elderly, institutionalized persons of all ages, immunocompromised hosts, and patients with underlying chronic pulmonary, renal, or cardiac disease. these infec ... | 1993 | 8449764 |
| preceding respiratory infection predisposing for primary and secondary invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | cases (117) with invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease and their family members reported symptoms of respiratory infection during the 4-week period before the onset of hib disease significantly more often than age-, sex- and residence-matched controls (225) and their family members during the same time period. viral (adenovirus; influenza a and b; parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 3; and respiratory syncytial virus) and mycoplasma pneumoniae serology was performed in 84 paired sera fro ... | 1993 | 8451094 |
| why diagnose influenza infections in hospitalized pediatric patients? | the advent of rapid diagnostic testing for respiratory syncytial virus facilitated decisions for isolation of infectious hospitalized patients. however, diagnosing other viruses by clinical examination such as influenza may be difficult. if patients with influenza are not diagnosed on hospital admission, nosocomial infections may occur. the purpose of our study was to identify patients with nosocomial influenza infections during one winter season in a large children's hospital, document the morb ... | 1993 | 8451096 |
| historical cohort evaluation of ribavirin efficacy in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | evaluation of ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract is problematic because of multiple risk factors and variable severity of illness in respiratory syncytial virus-infected patients. to address these difficulties we used multivariate analysis and performed a historical concurrent cohort study in two children's hospitals one of which had used ribavirin since licensing and one that had not utilized ribavirin therapy. the medical records of 158 p ... | 1993 | 8451097 |
| ribavirin effect on pulmonary function in young infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | to assess the effect of ribavirin on pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, we performed a randomized (nonmatched), double blinded, placebo-controlled study of 19 infants with rsv bronchiolitis. infants with underlying respiratory, cardiac or immunologic disease were excluded. patients were given ribavirin (10) or placebo (9) via an aerosol generator for 18 hours/day for 3 days. pulmonary function (dynamic compliance, total lung resistance) was calculated u ... | 1993 | 8451098 |
| characterization of the in vitro system for the synthesis of mrna from human respiratory syncytial virus. | an in vitro transcription system for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is described. purified viral nucleocapsid (rnp) isolated from virus-infected cells was shown to support transcription of all 10 genes encoded by the virus as determined by northern blot hybridization. the mrnas synthesized were polyadenylated and comigrated with the corresponding mrnas synthesized in virus-infected cells when analyzed in agarose-urea gel electrophoresis. the in vitro-synthesized mrnas are functional as ... | 1993 | 8460489 |
| evaluation of immunoglobulin e-specific antibodies and viral antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions of children with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | enzyme immunoassays were developed to detect the presence of specific immunoglobulin e (ige) antibodies and respiratory syncytial (rs) virus structural proteins in nasopharyngeal secretions in order to improve the knowledge on some aspects of the pathogenesis of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections caused by rs virus. these assays were used to analyze clinical specimens from children with rs virus-associated infections (bronchiolitis and pneumonia), and the findings were correlated wi ... | 1993 | 8463392 |
| computerized surveillance in clinical microbiology with time series analysis. | an automatic surveillance system to detect changes in the incidences of microorganisms diagnosed in the department of clinical microbiology has been developed. the program is incorporated into the laboratory computer system and gives a weekly list of microorganisms whose isolation rates compared with those of a previous period exceed a chosen limit. the system uses time series analysis with moving weighted averages, and the detection limit is based on the distribution of the residuals. output fr ... | 1993 | 8463397 |
| evaluation of abbott testpack rsv for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | abbott testpack rsv, a 20-minute enzyme immunoassay, is available for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. we have compared testpack with a "gold standard" method of virus isolation in traditional tube cultures and shell vials to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this rapid method. respiratory specimens were collected prospectively from 402 children and assayed by the rapid antigen detection method and isolation in culture. virus was isolated by inocula ... | 1993 | 8467621 |
| distinct patterns of t- and b-cell immunity to respiratory syncytial virus induced by individual viral proteins. | mice were infected with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus or with recombinant vaccinia viruses (rvv) expressing individual rs virus proteins. rvv-g, rvv-f and, to a lesser extent, rvv-p induced elisa-binding anti-rs virus antibodies; those induced by rvv-p were non-neutralizing. different antigens induced helper t cells with distinct cytokine secretion profiles: some released il-2, and others predominantly il-4 and 5. virus-specific cytotoxicity was induced by infection with rs virus, rvv-f or rv ... | 1993 | 8470427 |
| immunogenicity and pathogenicity of a triple temperature-sensitive modified respiratory syncytial virus in adult volunteers. | the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of a strain of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus modified by sequential induction of three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations have been evaluated by intranasal administration to 22 adult volunteers. this modified virus, a triple ts mutant designated ts1c, was derived from a double mutant ts1b evaluated in a previous trial. the original isolate (strain rss-2) and all its derivatives were propagated throughout in human diploid cells in a specially assigned lab ... | 1993 | 8470433 |
| ozone effect on respiratory syncytial virus infectivity and cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages. | this study was performed to evaluate the effect of ozone (o3) exposure at 1 ppm for 2 hr on the susceptibility/resistance of adult human alveolar macrophages (am) to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vitro and on rsv-induced cytokine production by the am. am were first exposed to o3 or to filtered air and then infected with rsv at multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) of 0.1, 1.0, and 10. the percentage rsv-infected am and the amount of infectious virus released by the cells wer ... | 1993 | 8472647 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on binding of neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae type b to a human epithelial cell line (hep-2). | it has been suggested that individuals might be more readily colonized with bacteria that cause meningitis through enhanced binding of the bacteria to virus-infected epithelial cells. as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects infants and children in the age group also susceptible to bacterial meningitis, we tested the hypothesis that infection of hep-2 cells by rsv might enhance binding of neisseria meningitidis or haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). attachment of fluorescein-labelled bacter ... | 1993 | 8472778 |
| the rhino-probe nasal curette for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in children. | during two outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, 68 children with acute respiratory illnesses were cultured for rsv using a rhino-probe (rp) nasal curette and either a nasopharyngeal (np) swab or a nasal wash (nw). in the first outbreak isolations of rsv by the rp nasal curette and np swab methods were compared. rsv was cultured from 25 of 42 (60%) subjects using the rp nasal curette and from 20 of 42 (48%) subjects using the np swab. in the second outbreak the rp nasal curet ... | 1993 | 8483627 |
| cytologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a bone marrow transplant recipient. | cytologic examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a 6-year-old bone marrow transplant recipient revealed pulmonary infiltrates and occasional cells containing discrete pink cytoplasmic inclusions on a may-grunwald-giemsa stain. direct immunofluorescence stains of cytospins prepared from the same specimen were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). electron microscopy revealed occasional epithelial cells with cytoplasmic inclusions composed of filamentous virions. the patie ... | 1993 | 8493953 |
| performance of the kallestad pathfinder enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | the kallestad pathfinder enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen was compared with virus culture and direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) to determine the reliability of the eia. during two consecutive winter respiratory seasons, 270 nasopharyngeal wash specimens were tested. rsv was detected in culture by the presence of cytopathic effect and/or an indirect immunofluorescence assay. the sensitivity of the pathfinder eia in comparison with isola ... | 1993 | 8495589 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-specific immunoglobulins in preterm infants. | incomplete transfer of maternal antibodies specific to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been suggested as an explanation for the increased risk of rsv infections in preterm infants. antibodies directed against the two major rsv envelope glycoproteins, f and g, are protective in vitro and in vivo. our study was conducted to measure igg, igg1, igg2, and igg3 antibody titers against the rsv f and g glycoproteins in cord sera from infants born at different gestational ages. titers of neutralizi ... | 1993 | 8496762 |
| identifying bovine respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridizations. | an assay to identify tissue culture cells infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) that utilizes reverse transcription (rt), the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe has been developed. the rt-pcr assay uses a brsv-specific negative-sense oligonucleotide primer to synthesize cdna from a brsv fusion protein mrna template and another brsv-specific oligonucleotide primer (positive sense) upstream from the negative-sense primer for pcr a ... | 1993 | 8501223 |
| comparison of the vidas rsv assay and the abbott testpack rsv with direct immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates. | the sensitivity and accuracy of the vidas rsv assay in testing fresh specimens were 82.7 and 87.1%, respectively, whereas specimens previously frozen at -70 degrees c gave a sensitivity of 96.2% and an accuracy of 95.4%. the sensitivity and accuracy of abbott testpack rsv were 92.6 and 91.3% for fresh specimens and 86.8 and 88.1% for frozen specimens. the advantages and drawbacks of the two assays are discussed. | 1993 | 8501239 |
| [respiratory virus infections in children]. | eighty to ninety percent of pathogens responsible for acute respiratory infections in children are viruses, but despite advances in virology these organisms are isolated in only 20 to 45 percent of the cases. studies conducted outside hospitals have provided epidemiological data. the virus most frequently encountered is the respiratory syncytial virus. the main clinical feature of these respiratory viral infections is obstruction of the bronchioles, and their immediate or delayed danger is the r ... | 1993 | 8502648 |
| treatment of acute bronchiolitis with chinese herbs. | in a randomised single blind trial the chinese herbs shuang huang lian were evaluated for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. children with acute bronchiolitis and serological evidence of recent respiratory syncytial virus infection were studied in a tertiary hospital in harbin, china. the 96 children were randomised into three treatment groups: herbs, herbs with antibiotics, and antibiotics alone. the herbs were prepared by the medical school pharmacy and administered daily by intravenous inf ... | 1993 | 8503668 |
| enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus: rapid detection in nasopharyngeal secretions and evaluation of isolates representing different rsv subgroups. | the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) technique and by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) in 169 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions of infants and children with acute respiratory infections. of 31 samples positive by eia, 25 were positive by ifa. in 24 samples from a retrospective study, rsv positive by ifa and/or tissue culture isolation (tci), 22 were also positive by eia. the eia was also evaluated with 111 rsv isolates in hep2 cell ... | 1993 | 8505698 |
| mode of inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by a plant flavonoid, sp-303. | a natural-product polyphenolic polymer of molecular weight 2,100 daltons designated sp-303, was found to have antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the 2-10 microm range in plaque reduction assays and cytopathic-effect-inhibition assays. the material was also virucidal. the 50% effective concentration (ec50) for virucidal activity was 28 microm. experiments were done to determine the mode(s) of rsv inhibition by sp-303. interferon was not induced. sp-303 did not inhibit ... | 1993 | 8508691 |
| viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory infections in pre-school nigerian children and clinical implications of multiple microbial identifications. | in a prospective study of acute lower respiratory infections (alri), at the university college hospital, uch, ibadan, 35 viral pathogens were identified by immunofluorescence (if) techniques from 24 (68.6%) respiratory specimens from 35 hospitalised pre-school children. the respiratory diagnoses comprised croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. the viral identifications comprised 14 (40.0%) of parainfluenza virus type 3, 10 (28.6%) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 5 (14.3%) of ... | 1993 | 8512876 |
| phenotypic and functional characterization of t cell lines specific for individual respiratory syncytial virus proteins. | mice sensitized to individual respiratory syncytial (rs) virus proteins show distinct patterns of immunity and pulmonary pathology when challenged with live virus. to explore the immune mechanisms responsible for the differences in postvaccination disease, balb/c (h-2d) mice were primed by scarification with recombinant vaccinia viruses (rvv) expressing the major glycoprotein (g), fusion protein (f), phosphoprotein (p), nucleoprotein (n), or second matrix (22k) protein of rs virus. ag-stimulated ... | 1993 | 8515055 |
| factors enhancing adherence of toxigenic staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome. | toxigenic strains of staphylococcus aureus have been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (sids). in this study we examined two factors that might enhance binding of toxigenic staphylococci to epithelial cells of infants in the age range in which cot deaths are prevalent: expression of the lewis(a) antigen and infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). by flow cytometry we demonstrated that binding of three toxigenic strains of s. aureus to cells from nonsecretors was ... | 1993 | 8519316 |
| production of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cdna confirms an essential role for the transcription elongation factor from the 5' proximal open reading frame of the m2 mrna in gene expression and provides a capability for vaccine development. | infectious human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was produced by the intracellular coexpression of five plasmid-borne cdnas. one cdna encoded a complete positive-sense version of the rsv genome (corresponding to the replicative intermediate rna or antigenome), and each of the other four encoded a separate rsv protein, namely, the major nucleocapsid n protein, the nucleocapsid p phosphoprotein, the major polymerase l protein, or the protein from the 5' proximal open reading frame of the m2 mrna ... | 1995 | 8524804 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus reinfections and decreased milk yield in dairy cattle. | the influence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) reinfections on the daily milk yield was studied by evaluating the milk production of 32 brsv reinfected cows. for the estimation of milk production losses, four lactation curve models were used, including a gamma function, a second degree polynomial, and both of these models with a lag variable. bovine respiratory syncytial virus reinfections seemed to have only a small effect on the daily milk production. comparison of the true product ... | 1995 | 8525599 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1995-96 season. | | 1996 | 8531275 |
| respiratory virus infections during anticancer treatment in children. | to evaluate the occurrence and clinical significance of respiratory virus infections in children during anticancer treatment, we studied 75 consecutive episodes of febrile infection in 32 children during 17 months. viral antigen detection for 7 respiratory viruses, viral culture for rhinoviruses and enzyme immunoassay serology were used. evidence for respiratory virus infection was found in 28 (37%) cases. rhinovirus was the most common virus detected in 13 (17%) episodes. the other etiologic ag ... | 1995 | 8532427 |
| combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin for respiratory syncytial virus disease in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in adult bmt recipients are frequently complicated by fatal pneumonias. therapy of rsv pneumonia with aerosolized ribavirin alone has been reported to be associated with a 70% mortality rate. because immune globulin therapy has been reported to be beneficial, we conducted a prospective trial of combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig). aerosolized ribavirin was administered at 20 mg/ml for 18 h a day and ivi ... | 1995 | 8535312 |
| inhibitory effect of pyridobenzazoles on virus replication in vitro. | twelve species of pyridobenzazoles and pyrimidobenzimidazole were examined as inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hela cells. from the pyridobenzazoles studied, 2-benzamido-4-cyano-1-oxo-1h,5h-pyrido[1,2-alpha]benzimidazol emerged as a potent inhibitor of the rsv. based on its inhibitory effect on the cytopathogenicity of the rsv in hela cells, the 50% effective dose was found to be 0.95 micrograms/ml. the cytotoxicity of this compound for hela cells was examine ... | 1995 | 8535400 |
| evaluation of four methods for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults. | to evaluate four methods of rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in older adults and to compare sensitivities with serologic analysis. | 1996 | 8537595 |
| [immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial (rs-viral) infection: results and prospects]. | | 1992 | 8539770 |
| vitamin a and respiratory syncytial virus infection. serum levels and supplementation trial. | to determine the benefit of oral vitamin a supplementation for acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 1996 | 8542002 |
| reassessment of the indications for ribavirin therapy in respiratory syncytial virus infections. american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases. | the purpose of this statement is to inform practitioners about new information concerning lack of demonstrated clinical effectiveness of ribavirin in the treatment of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. the intent of the new recommendation is to allow practitioners to decide whether ribavirin therapy is appropriate or not by taking into account the particular clinical situation and their own preferences. more definitive answers to the questions of ribavirin efficacy and effec ... | 1996 | 8545210 |
| an every other year cyclic epidemic of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1996 | 8545218 |
| the three c-terminal residues of human respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein (long strain) are essential for integrity of multiple epitopes distinguishable by antiidiotypic antibodies. | recently isolated escape mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) are described. the mutants were selected after serial passage of the long strain in the presence of monoclonal antibodies directed against the attachment (g) glycoprotein. the genetic changes associated to the mutant phenotype were nucleotide substitutions leading to either amino acid replacements or new stop codons that shorten the g polypeptide by one amino acid. sequence changes within the three c-terminal residues o ... | 1995 | 8546803 |
| identification of protein regions involved in the interaction of human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein: significance for nucleocapsid assembly and formation of cytoplasmic inclusions. | we have reported previously that the nucleoprotein (n), the phosphoprotein (p), and the 22-kda protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) are components of the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies observed in hep-2-infected cells. in addition, coexpression of n and p was sufficient to induce the formation of n-p complexes detectable by either coimmunoprecipitation with anti-p antibodies or generation of cytoplasmic inclusions. we now report the identification of protein regions required for the ... | 1996 | 8551618 |
| transcription elongation factor of respiratory syncytial virus, a nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus. | rna synthesis by the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus, a ubiquitous human pathogen, was found to be more complex than previously appreciated for the nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses. intracellular rna replication of a plasmid-encoded "minigenome" analog of viral genomic rna was directed by coexpression of the n, p, and l proteins. but, under these conditions, the greater part of mrna synthesis terminated prematurely. this difference in processivity between the replicase and the ... | 1996 | 8552680 |
| use of simple clinical parameters to assess severity of bronchiolitis. | to determine whether simple clinical parameters could be used to predict the severity of acute bronchiolitis and the need for supplemental oxygen therapy. | 1995 | 8554871 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1994 to june 1995. | this report summarises the information obtained by surveillance of influenza in england and wales from october 1994 to june 1995 (weeks 40/94 to 25/95). influenza b viruses were responsible for most infections, with moderate activity occurring throughout the winter, peaking in february. influenza a became more active towards the end of the winter, and laboratory reports reached a peak in may (week 21/95). influenza activity was seen first in wales, then england, followed by scotland. an increase ... | 1995 | 8556105 |
| respiratory syncytial virus group-specific antibody response in nasopharyngeal secretions from infants and children after primary infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody and neutralizing antibody responses were determined for nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 27 infants and children (6 to 18 months of age) undergoing primary infection with rsv group a or b strain. iga and igg antibody responses against rsv envelope glycoproteins (fusion [f] and large [g] glycoprotein) in nps were also analyzed. most subjects examined developed moderate le ... | 1994 | 8556486 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection by sera from young infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) convalescent-phase sera and control sera from both infants ( < 6 months) and older individuals (1.5 to 90 years) were assayed for rsv-specific antibodies by neutralization, in vitro enhancing activity, and immunoprecipitation. enhancement of rsv infection in u937 cells was demonstrated with convalescent-phase sera and was shown to be dependent on fc receptors by blocking with human immunoglobulin g (p < 0.01). convalescent-phase sera from infants enhanced infect ... | 1994 | 8556519 |
| isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. in this study a hybridoma line secreting a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody that neutralizes rsv was isolated. two chimpanzees were immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the rsv f or g surface glycoprotein and 1 month later were infected intranasally with the wild-type rsv strain a2. peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the animals were trans ... | 1994 | 8556524 |
| unilateral nasal infection of cotton rats with respiratory syncytial virus allows assessment of local and systemic immunity. | an in vivo model for the study of local and systemic effectors of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is described. cotton rats (sigmodon fulviventer) inoculated in one nostril with a small volume (2 microliters) of virus suspension contracted a unilateral nasal infection which did not extend to the contralateral nasal turbinates, nor to the lungs. immunity to subsequent rsv challenge could be induced by small priming doses ( < 10 p.f.u. per animal), but was dependent upon viral replic ... | 1996 | 8558116 |
| definition and functional analysis of the signal/anchor domain of the human respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g. | the attachment protein g of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is a type ii transmembrane glycoprotein. a secreted from of the g protein is also produced. to examine the two distinct hydrophobic regions in the n-terminal 63 amino acids of g protein for their role(s) in membrane insertion and anchoring, transport to the cell surface, and secretion, g proteins that contained point mutations or deletions were synthesized by cell-free transcription-translation and in cells by expression from rec ... | 1996 | 8558117 |
| acute anterior horn cell disease resembling poliomyelitis as a manifestation of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 1996 | 8558137 |
| evaluation of the protective efficacy of reshaped human monoclonal antibody rshz19 against respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. | reshaped human mab rshz19, which is specific for the surface fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of rsv-induced disease in human infants. the current studies profile lung virus clearance and evaluate lung histopathology in mab-treated, rsv-infected cotton rats, a well characterized model of rsv infection. the highest dose of this mab (10 mg/kg) administered parenterally 24 h before infection decreased subgroup a or b rsv ... | 1995 | 8559607 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients with leukemia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been demonstrated to be an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in adult bone marrow transplant recipients; however, its role in other immunocompromised adults has not been defined. we prospectively studied all adult patients with leukemia who were hospitalized at m. d. anderson cancer center (houston) during a 1-year period (november 1993 through october 1994). during a 19-week period when rsv was prevalent in the community, it was isolated from 9 ... | 1995 | 8562747 |
| t cell epitopes of bovine respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein. | | 1995 | 8566381 |
| the humoral immune response of children and infants to an rsv infection: its maturation and association with illness. | in this study the immune response of 29 newborns and infants hospitalized on behalf of a rsv infection was evaluated. acute phase and convalescent sera were examined by a neutralization assay, in an immunoblot, and in an elisa based on 10 synthetic peptides derived from rsv proteins. the last two tests allow to monitor the synthesis of rsv specific antibodies of the infant. despite the presence of maternal antibodies the initial immune response seems to be random and favours linear epitopes of t ... | 1995 | 8569131 |
| lobar emphysema associated with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. | the etiology of infantile lobar emphysema is frequently unknown; however, partial airway obstruction is most often implicated. although infection and lobar emphysema have been linked previously, their cause-and-effect relationship is unclear. we present the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in a 9-day-old infant with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and a clinical and radiographic appearance suggestive of lobar emphysema. pathologically, there was diffus ... | 1995 | 8570321 |
| immunopathological mechanisms in respiratory syncytial virus disease. | | 1995 | 8571168 |
| respiratory syncytial virus increases il-8 gene expression and protein release in a549 cells. | the mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced inflammation in the airways of infants and children is not fully understood. we hypothesized that rsv directly induces interleukin (il)-8 gene expression in airway epithelial cells, independent of il-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production. exposure of a549 cells (an airway epithelial cell line) to rsv resulted in increased il-8 mrna expression and il-8 protein release from the cells as early as 2 h after treatment. ... | 1995 | 8572249 |
| effects of perinatal vaccination on humoral and cellular immune responses in cows and young calves. | to examine the effects of perinatal vaccination on cellular and humoral responses in cows and on passive transfer of antibodies and cells to calves, and to assess the role of maternal antibodies in vaccination responses of neonatal calves. | 1996 | 8575972 |
| ct of staphylococcal anterior mediastinal abscess in an infant. | a 6-week-old girl presented with bronchiolitis secondary to respiratory syncytial virus. eight days after admission she developed a staphylococcus aureus infection at a previous intravenous cannula site. despite antibiotic therapy this led to an anterior mediastinal staphylococcal abscess, which was drained surgically and the patient recovered. mediastinal abscesses are rare in children: haematogenous spread of infection is an unusual aetiological factor and we believe this to be the first case ... | 1995 | 8577530 |
| in vitro antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides from a marine microalga (cochlodinium polykrikoides) against human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses. | a marine microalga, cochlodinium polykrikoides, produces extracellular sulfated polysaccharides. isolation and purification of the polysaccharides were accomplished by precipitation with ethanol and cetavlon, followed by deae-cellulose column chromatography (polysaccharides a1 and a2). these polysaccharides, which were homogeneous when analysed by both ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic methods, were composed of mannose, galactose, glucose and uronic acid, together with sulfate groups (s = 7-8 ... | 1995 | 8580094 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity and flu-like illness. | | 1996 | 8581119 |
| the clinical picture presented by premature neonates infected with the respiratory syncytial virus. | during the course of a 3-year epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in an neonatal intensive care unit, we examined premature neonates for the clinical features of rsv infections and the risk factors predisposing towards transmission of the disease. seventy-nine infants with a median gestational age of 31 weeks were tested in 113 episodes of clinical deterioration for the presence of rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions. forty-seven results were positive and 66 negative. bradycardia, ... | 1995 | 8582403 |