| high-level expression of truncated surface antigen p50 of babesia gibsoni in insect cells by baculovirus and evaluation of its immunogenicity and antigenicity. | previously, we identified an immunodominant antigen, p50 of babesia gibsoni. in the present study, the gene encoding the truncated p50 (rp50t) without a c-terminal hydrophobic region (29 amino acids [aa]) was expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus. the highly hydrophobic c-terminal 20-aa regions seems to be a transmembrane region, which was evidenced by the fact that rp50t was effectively secreted into the supernatant of insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus. n-t ... | 2003 | 12853391 |
| babesia gibsoni: preferential multiplication in reticulocytes is related to the presence of mitochondria and a high concentration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the cells. | to determine the cause of the predilection of babesia gibsoni for reticulocytes, the parasites were cultivated with various types of reconstituted erythrocyte ghosts, which were prepared by resealing erythrocyte ghosts together with variously treated erythrocyte lysate, in vitro. the level of parasitemia in the culture with reconstituted reticulocyte ghosts containing untreated reticulocyte lysate was significantly higher than that in the culture with reconstituted normocyte (mature erythrocyte) ... | 2002 | 12856312 |
| epidemiological survey of babesia species in japan performed with specimens from ticks collected from dogs and detection of new babesia dna closely related to babesia odocoilei and babesia divergens dna. | detection and analysis of babesia species from ticks recovered from dogs in japan were attempted by pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis based on the 18s rrna gene, respectively. a total of 1136 ticks were examined for babesia dna by 18s rrna-based pcr and nucleotide sequencing. partial sequences of babesia canis vogeli dna were detected from six ticks in aomori, nara, hiroshima, oita, and okinawa prefectures; and babesia gibsoni asia-1 dna was also detected in four ticks in osaka, hiroshima, mi ... | 2003 | 12904344 |
| development and evaluation of a seminested pcr for detection and differentiation of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) and b. canis dna in canine blood samples. | canine babesiosis has recently been recognized as an emerging infectious disease of dogs in north america. we sought to develop a seminested pcr to detect and differentiate babesia gibsoni (asian genotype), b. canis subsp. vogeli, b. canis subsp. canis, and b. canis subsp. rossi dna in canine blood samples. an outer primer pair was designed to amplify an approximately 340-bp fragment of the 18s rrna genes from b. gibsoni (asian genotype), b. canis subsp. vogeli, b. canis subsp. rossi, and b. can ... | 2003 | 12958243 |
| molecular characterization of a gene encoding a 29-kda cytoplasmic protein of babesia gibsoni and evaluation of its diagnostic potentiality. | a cdna expression library prepared from babesia gibsoni merozoite mrna was screened with b. gibsoni-infected dog serum. cdna encoding 29-kda protein was cloned and designated as the p29 gene. the complete nucleotide sequence of the p29 gene was 792 bp. computer analysis suggested that the sequence of the p29 gene contained an open reading frame of 597 bp with a coding capacity of approximately 23.4 kda and a single intron of 250 bp. the p29 protein had homology to toxoplasma gondii cytoskeletal ... | 2003 | 14511811 |
| molecular characterization of a babesia gibsoni isolate from a spanish dog. | babesia gibsoni is a morphologically small babesia species that infects dogs. molecular techniques have shown that some small babesia sp. recently described in canids are not related to the original b. gibsoni and they should be assigned to separate taxons. although the 18s rrna gene of true b. gibsoni isolates has been studied in the usa, asia and australia, no molecular data on the presence and genetic characteristics of b. gibsoni in europe are available. blood collected from a babesia-sympto ... | 2003 | 14597285 |
| serum from dogs infected with babesia gibsoni inhibits maturation of reticulocytes and erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase activity in vitro. | erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase is thought to be involved in the maturation of erythrocytes. in the present study, in vitro incubation of canine erythrocytes demonstrated that significant inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase activity occurred in the presence of serum from dogs infected with babesia gibsoni, when the enzyme was assayed with cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-cmp) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-imp) as substrates. the multiplication of b. gibsoni in in vitro culture also resulted in a significa ... | 2003 | 14709814 |
| experimental babesia gibsoni infection in coyotes (canis latrans). | four 5 mo old captive raised coyotes (canis latrans) were experimentally inoculated with approximately 1 x 10(6) babesia gibsoni organisms. parasites were detected 1 wk post-inoculation in all coyotes with maximum parasitemia of 8-11% occurring at 34 wk. parasitemias remained at or above 1% for at least 12 wk and were still detectable 20 wk post-inoculation. all experimentally infected coyotes developed pale mucous membranes, splenomegaly, and a positive heme reaction in urine while one coyote e ... | 2003 | 14733288 |
| serosurvey of antibabesia antibodies in stray dogs and american pit bull terriers and american staffordshire terriers from north carolina. | stray dogs (n=359) and kennel dogs (n=149) from north carolina were tested for evidence of antibabesia antibodies. antibabesia antibodies were detected in 21/359 and 22/149 of the stray and kennel dogs, respectively. a total of 57 dogs from both groups were tested for babesiasis by light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). babesia deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was detected in 3/28 of the stray dogs and 14/29 of the kennel dogs. when babesia dna was detected by pcr, the species-specific ... | 2003 | 14736721 |
| clindamycin in the treatment of babesia gibsoni infections in dogs. | this report examines the effectiveness of clindamycin for the treatment of babesiosis in dogs (n=10) experimentally infected with babesia gibsoni (b. gibsoni). clindamycin (25 mg/kg body weight, per os, q 12 hours for 14 days) gradually reduced parasitemia levels and induced morphological changes that indicated degeneration of parasites (e.g., segmentation; size reduction; localization in the cell limbic and/or torn state of the nucleus; and swelling, decrease, or disappearance of the cytoplasm) ... | 2003 | 14736722 |
| babesia gibsoni-specific isoenzymes related to energy metabolism of the parasite in infected erythrocytes. | to clarify the cause of the predilection of babesia gibsoni for reticulocytes and canine hk erythrocytes (containing high concentrations of potassium) with inherited high concentrations of some amino acids, including glutamate, 4 enzymes in b. gibsoni parasites were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the enzymes, i.e., hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), were found to be associated with b. gibsoni parasites. the p ... | 2003 | 14740901 |
| inhibitory effect of antiserum to surface antigen p50 of babesia gibsoni on growth of parasites in severe combined immunodeficiency mice given canine red blood cells. | the inhibitory effect of an antiserum to surface protein p50 of babesia gibsoni on the growth of the parasite was determined with severe combined immunodeficiency mice given canine red blood cells. the antiserum to the recombinant p50 protein significantly inhibited the parasite growth, indicating that p50 might be a useful vaccine candidate. | 2004 | 14977989 |
| the pcr-based detection of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs (german shepherds) reared in south korea. | german-shepherd dogs from the south korean provinces of gangwon and gyunggi were used in a study exploring both the detection of babesia gibsoni infection, by use of a pcr-based assay, and the nucleotide sequences of part of the p18 gene of the parasite. nine (1.8%) of the 501 dogs checked were found pcr-positive. although the prevalence of the infection appeared slightly higher in the male dogs than in the female (2% v. 1.7%), and in the dogs aged <3 years than in the older animals (2.7% v. 1.1 ... | 2004 | 15035725 |
| inhibitory effect of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides on the multiplication of babesia gibsoni: possible cause of low parasitemia and simultaneous reticulocytosis in canine babesiosis. | the present study was conducted to determine the cause of low parasitemia and simultaneous reticulocytosis in canine babesiosis. the parasitemia was significantly decreased in in vitro cultures of babesia gibsoni by the pretreatment of host canine erythrocytes with lead acetate, which is a specific inhibitor of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase subclass i (p5n-i). the serum from dogs chronically infected with b. gibsoni did not decrease the activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or ... | 2004 | 15133268 |
| electron microscopic study of canine babesia gibsoni infection. | canine babesiosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease caused by the intraerythrocytic parasites, babesia canis and babesia gibsoni. a lethargic, weak, american staffordshire terrier (pit bull) dog, which had regenerative, normocytic, normochromic anemia, was shown by polymerase chain reaction analysis to be infected with b. gibsoni. transmission electron microscopy of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-treated blood disclosed many well-preserved, intraerythrocytic babesia trophozoites. four morpholo ... | 2004 | 15152839 |
| the effect of diminazene aceturate on spienectomized dogs with babesia gibsoni infection. | the effect of diminazene aceturate on splenectomized and nonspienectomized dogs with babesia gibsoni (b. gibsoni) infection was investigated. in splenectomized dogs, the fissional and multiplicational stages of b. gibsoni were observed in peripheral blood films, and hemoglobinuria was frequently observed. these findings were different from previous reports and were not changed by administration of diminazene aceturate. it is clear that the intramuscular administration of diminazene aceturate at ... | 1988 | 15162327 |
| serodiagnosis of canine babesia gibsoni infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant p50 expressed in escherichia coli. | the entire p50 gene encoding a surface protein of babesia gibsoni was cloned into the bacteria expression vector pgex-4t-3 and subsequently expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. the purified recombinant p50 was evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serological diagnosis of b. gibsoni infection in dogs. elisa was able to differentiate clearly among b. gibsoni-infected, babesia canis-infected, and uninfected dog sera. the antibody ... | 2004 | 15165064 |
| molecular evidence of infections with babesia gibsoni parasites in japan and evaluation of the diagnostic potential of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | detection and analysis of babesia gibsoni infection were performed with whole-blood samples collected between july 2002 and july 2003 from 945 and 137 dogs from the aomori and okinawa prefectures of japan, respectively, by pcr and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). on the basis of the criterion for positivity by pcr, 3.9% (37 of 945) and 10.9% (15 of 137) of the dogs had b. gibsoni dna. all 37 positive animals from aomori prefecture were male tosa dogs (japanese mastiff). the 15 dogs ... | 2004 | 15184421 |
| effects of central kalimantan plant extracts on intraerythrocytic babesia gibsoni in culture. | the inhibitory effects of 45 plant extracts selected from central kalimantan, indonesia on babesia gibsoni in vitro and their acute toxicity to mice were evaluated. of these plant extracts studied, arcangelisia flava, curcuma zedoaria, garcinia benthamiana, lansium domesticum and peronema canescens were found to have appreciable antibabesial activity with ic50 values from 5.3 to 49.3 microg/ml without acute toxicity in mice at the intraperitoneal dose of 0.7 g/kg of body weight. | 2004 | 15297762 |
| efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) infections in dogs. | babesiosis caused by babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) is an emerging disease in dogs in the united states. to date, no drugs have been shown to eliminate b. gibsoni (asian genotype) infections from dogs. twenty-two dogs that remained persistently infected with b. gibsoni (asian genotype) after either imidocarb diproprionate and or diminazine aceturate therapy were identified and randomly and evenly distributed into 2 groups. one group was treated with atovaquone and azithromycin combination ther ... | 2004 | 15320586 |
| efficacy of atovaquone against babesia gibsoni in vivo and in vitro. | the therapeutic efficacy of atovaquone against babesia gibsoni was examined in three dogs experimentally infected with b. gibsoni isolated from naturally infected dogs in aomori prefecture, japan. once parasitemia reached 10%, atovaquone was administered orally (30 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days). within 2 days of atovaquone treatment, the parasite disappeared from blood smears without any clinical side effects. anemia and thrombocytopenia were significantly improved in all the dogs. however, a po ... | 2004 | 15350657 |
| incidence of canine babesia gibsoni infection and subclinical infection among tosa dogs in aomori prefecture, japan. | to identify the incidence of babesia gibsoni (b. gibsoni) in aomori prefecture, northeastern japan, dogs with acute b. gibsoni infection were investigated at the animal teaching hospital, kitasato university, between april 2002 and march 2003. eighteen dogs with acute b. gibsoni infection were recognized; they were all male dogs of the fighting dog breed tosa. their platelet counts were below normal and their packed cell volumes (pcvs) were at various levels. we collected blood samples from 141 ... | 2004 | 15353837 |
| molecular fluorescent approach to assessing intraerythrocytic hemoprotozoan babesia canis infection in dogs. | the development of recent flow cytometry-based protocols for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis, babesia gibsoni in particular, has encouraged us to investigate its applicability to detect b. canis-infected erythrocytes as well as optimize the hydroethidine-flow cytometry methodology (he-fc), using peripheral blood samples from naturally and experimentally infected dogs. our data demonstrated that he at 25 microg/ml provided the most outstanding fluorescence profile, able to discriminate between ... | 2004 | 15482880 |
| serodiagnosis of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant truncated p50. | the surface antigen p50 of babesia gibsoni is an important candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for canine piroplasmosis. in order to establish an effective diagnostic method for practical use, the gene encoding truncated p50 (p50t) lacking a signal peptide and c-terminal hydrophobic regions were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase (gst). more than 90% portion of the gst-p50t was expressed as a soluble form, in contrast wit ... | 2004 | 15644601 |
| clinical observations of babesia gibsoni infection with low parasitaemia confirmed by pcr in dogs. | | 2005 | 15704555 |
| antibabesial activity of protoberberine alkaloids and 20-hydroxyecdysone from arcangelisia flava against babesia gibsoni in culture. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the boiled extract from the stems of arcangelisia flava led to the isolation of palmatine (1), berberine (2), jatrorrhizine (3), dihydroberberine (4) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (5). the chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their chemical and spectral evidence. the isolated compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibiting effects on babesia gibsoni in culture for a week. compounds (1-4) showed significant inhibitions at concentrat ... | 2005 | 15750325 |
| immunization with recombinant surface antigen p50 of babesia gibsoni expressed in insect cells induced parasite growth inhibition in dogs. | this is a report of a vaccine trial directed against babesia gibsoni infection in dogs with the use of the recombinant antigen p50. dogs immunized with p50 showed partial protection manifested as a significantly low level of parasitemia. the results indicated that p50 is a primary vaccine candidate molecule against canine b. gibsoni infection. | 2005 | 15817768 |
| anti-babesial and anti-plasmodial compounds from phyllanthus niruri. | bioassay-guided fractionation of boiled aqueous extracts from the whole plant of phyllanthus niruri led to the isolation of 1-o-galloyl-6-o-luteoyl-alpha-d-glucose (1), with ic(50) values of 4.7 microg/ml against babesia gibsoni and 1.4 microg/ml against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. the known compounds beta-glucogallin (2), quercetin 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(2-->1)-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside (3), beta-sitosterol, and gallic acid were also isolated. structures of these compounds were elucidated ... | 2005 | 15844943 |
| anti-babesial activity of some central kalimantan plant extracts and active oligostilbenoids from shorea balangeran. | bark extracts from a total of 22 species of central kalimantan plants were evaluated for their anti-babesial activity against babesia gibsoni in vitro. of these plant species, extracts of calophyllum tetrapterum, garcinia rigida, lithocarpus sp., sandoricum emarginatum, and shorea balangeran showed more than 90% inhibition of the parasite growth at a test concentration of 1000 microg/ml. activity-guided fractionation of the bark of s. balangeran (dipterocarpaceae) led to the reisolation of oligo ... | 2005 | 15931579 |
| epidemiological survey of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in eastern japan. | to determine the distribution of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in the eastern part of japan, an epidemiological survey of dogs suspected of having b. gibsoni infection was attempted using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). thirty-five of 115 such dogs (30.4%) were positive by pcr and/or elisa. the 35 positive dogs consisted of 28 tosa dogs, 4 american pit bull terriers, and 3 mongrel dogs in aomori, fukushima, ibaraki, gunma, chiba, tokyo, kana ... | 2005 | 15942130 |
| anti-babesial compounds from curcuma zedoaria. | anti-babesial activity was confirmed in an extract of the bark of curcuma zedoaria. the active ingredients were isolated, and their chemical structures were determined to be zedoalactones a, b, and c based on spectral data. zedoalactone c is a hitherto unreported compound. the ic50 vales of these active compounds against babesia gibsoni were compared with a standard drug, diminazene aceturate. the ic50 value of diminazene aceturate was 0.6 microg/ml, while those of zedoalactones a, b, and c were ... | 2005 | 15977324 |
| fatal experimental transplacental babesia gibsoni infections in dogs. | a babesia gibsoni infected bitch was mated with an uninfected dog in order to determine whether this parasite could be vertically transmitted. the bitch delivered a litter of four live and one stillborn pup. the four pups died from congenital babesiosis between 14 and 39 days post-birth. babesia gibsoni dna was detected in tissue from all five pups. these results show that vertical transmission occurred by the uterine route and not via the transmammary route. this is the first confirmed report o ... | 2005 | 15979628 |
| separation of dna fragments for fast diagnosis by microchip electrophoresis using programmed field strength gradient. | we evaluated a novel strategy for fast diagnosis by microchip electrophoresis (me), using programmed field strength gradients (pfsg) in a conventional glass double-t microfluidic chip. the me-pfsg allows for the ultrafast separation and enhanced resolving power for target dna fragments. these results are based on electric field strength gradients (fsg) that use an me separation step in a sieving gel matrix poly-(ethylene oxide). the gradient can develop staircase or programmed shapes fsg over th ... | 2005 | 16041706 |
| evaluation of the inhibitory activities of the extracts of indonesian traditional medicinal plants against plasmodium falciparum and babesia gibsoni. | twenty-four kinds of water extracts derived from 22 plants that are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria on java island, indonesia, were screened for their antibabesial and antimalarial activities. among the extracts, 8 extracts displayed strong antimalarial activity, with an inhibition range from 89.6 to 100%, and 15 showed strong antibabesial activity, with an inhibition range from 84.2 to 98.1%. the extracts of achillea millefolium, baeckea frutenscens, brucea javanica, curcuma xan ... | 2005 | 16141673 |
| geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the united states and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003). | to identify the geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the united states and determine, for dogs other than american pit bull terriers (apbts), whether infection was associated with a recent dog bite. | 2005 | 16190594 |
| anti-babesial ellagic acid rhamnosides from the bark of elaeocarpus parvifolius. | bioassay-guided investigation of the bark of elaeocarpus parvifolius led to the isolation of three new ellagic acid derivatives, 4-o-methylellagic acid 3'-alpha-rhamnoside (2), 4-o-methylellagic acid 3'-(3''-o-acetyl)-alpha-rhamnoside (3), and 4-o-methylellagic acid 3'-(4''-o-acetyl)-alpha-rhamnoside (4) in addition to the known ellagic acid derivative, 4-o-methylellagic acid 3'-(2'',3''-di-o-acetyl)-alpha-rhamnoside (1). their structures were elucidated on the basis of analysis of 1h nmr, 13c n ... | 2005 | 16226774 |
| efficacy of imidacloprid/permethrin and fipronil/(s)-methoprene combinations against haemaphysalis longicornis ticks evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. | haemaphysalis longicornis is one of the most important ticks infesting a wide range of mammals including dogs in japan. h. longicornis is recorded to be a vector of, for example, babesia gibsoni. it was the aim of the study presented here to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid/permethrin and fipronil/(s)-methoprene against larval, nymphal and adult stages of h. longicornis under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions. in the in vitro part of the study, ticks showed avoidance behaviour to imida ... | 2005 | 16228268 |
| development of a practical immunochromatographic test with recombinant p50 for the diagnosis of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. | an immunochromatographic test (ict), using recombinant truncated p50 (p50t), for the detection of antibodies to babesia gibsoni was developed and evaluated. whereas all sera from specific pathogen-free dogs were clearly negative, all sera from dogs experimentally infected with b. gibsoni were clearly positive in the ict. in addition, the ict detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with closely related parasites, b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli, and b. canis rossi ... | 2005 | 16336730 |
| development of a sybr green real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitative detection of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) dna. | a real-time fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on sybr green that allows for sensitive, reproducible, and accurate quantification of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype). dna from peripheral blood of infected dogs was developed. standard curves were created by plotting the input amount of a standard template, constructed with plasmid dna containing 182 base pairs (bp) of the p18 gene, against threshold cycle numbers. the curves showed a wide dynamic range (1,000,000-fold input) ... | 2005 | 16475516 |
| piroplasma infection in dogs in northern spain. | babesiosis is a world-wide zoonosis caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia. canine babesidae have historically been classified as "large babesia" (babesia canis) and "small babesia" (babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. genetic sequencing technology using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has allowed further subdivision. b. gibsoni has three strains: "asia", "california" and a recently identified small babesial-like parasite, theileria an ... | 2006 | 16513282 |
| a review of the small canine piroplasms from california: babesia conradae in the literature. | small piroplasms as a cause of canine babesiosis in southern california were first documented in 1990. initially these piroplasms were considered to be babesia gibsoni, the only small babesia parasite known to infect dogs at that time. in the following decade, the use of molecular analysis made it clear that small canine babesia in fact are comprised of at least three distinct species, and the isolates from dogs in southern california were not b. gibsoni. molecular, antigenic, and morphological ... | 2006 | 16522352 |
| babesia conradae, sp. nov., a small canine babesia identified in california. | small piroplasms as a cause of canine babesiosis have usually been identified as babesia gibsoni. recent genetic studies suggested that small piroplasms are more likely comprised of at least three genotypically distinct species. in southern california, canine babesiosis caused by a small piroplasm has been documented since 1990. morphological characteristics of this parasite include a small (0.3-3.0 microm) intraerythrocytic merozoite stage with predominantly ring, piriform, tetrad, amoeboid, or ... | 2006 | 16524663 |
| inhibition of na,k-atpase activity reduces babesia gibsoni infection of canine erythrocytes with inherited high k, low na concentrations. | babesia gibsoni multiplies well in canine red blood cells (rbcs) containing high concentrations of potassium (hk), reduced glutathione, and free amino acids as a result of an inherited high na,k-atpase activity, i.e., hk rbcs. to determine the role of na,k-atpase in the multiplication of b. gibsoni, the effect of ouabain on the proliferation of the parasites in hk rbcs was investigated. to determine the direct effect of ouabain on the parasites, the proliferation of the parasites in normal canin ... | 2005 | 16539007 |
| short report: cloning of the babesia gibsoni cytochrome b gene and isolation of three single nucleotide polymorphisms from parasites present after atovaquone treatment. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of the babesia gibsoni cytochrome b (cytb) gene. dna was extracted from b. gibsoni isolated from aomori prefecture, japan, and 1,288 basepairs of the cytb gene, including 1,071 basepairs of the open reading frame, were sequenced. the cytb gene of b. gibsoni obtained from three dogs that had been experimentally infected with b. gibsoni and treated with atovaquone was also sequenced. the b. gibsoni cytb gene obtained from all three atovaquone-treated dogs cont ... | 2006 | 16606990 |
| isolation and identification of an actin gene from babesia gibsoni. | actin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved microfilament protein that is hypothesized to play a mechanical force-generating role in the unusual gliding motility of sporozoan zoites and their active penetration of host cells. we have identified and isolated an actin gene from a babesia gibsoni cdna library by random sequencing. the complete nucleotide sequence of the actin gene is 1,243 bp; a single open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 377 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequen ... | 2006 | 16629343 |
| characterization of the babesia gibsoni p18 as a homologue of thrombospondin related adhesive protein. | thrombospondin related adhesive proteins (traps) are well conserved among several apicomplexans. in this study, we reported the identification of the babesia gibsoni p18, designated by our group previously, as a homologue of trap and renamed the p18 as the b. gibsoni trap (bgtrap). the amino acid sequence of bgtrap consists of several typical regions, including a signal peptide, a vonwillebrand factor a domain, a thrombospondin type 1 domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic c-terminus. ... | 2006 | 16675041 |
| babesia gibsoni genotype asia in dogs from brazil. | babesia gibsoni was first recognized in india in 1910. analysis of 18s rrna has shown that there are at least three distinct isolates that are morphologically identical. although organisms similar to b. gibsoni have been identified in peripheral blood smears from one dog in brazil, this isolate has not been molecularly characterized. accordingly, we obtained blood samples from 16 dogs with intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies. dna was extracted and amplified with primers that detect a segment of t ... | 2006 | 16765518 |
| babesia gibsoni: an apical membrane antigen-1 homologue and its antibody response in the infected dogs. | a cdna encoding the apical membrane antigen-1 (ama-1) homologue was obtained by immunoscreening a cdna expression library prepared from babesia gibsoni merozoite mrna. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was 2062bp. computer analysis suggested that the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1794bp with a coding capacity of approximately 66kda. based on the homology analysis, this putative protein was designated as b. gibsoni ama-1 (bgama-1). the bgama-1 gene was expressed in the esc ... | 2006 | 16777097 |
| a 38-kda protein from babesia gibsoni and its antibody response in an experimentally infected dog. | a cdna encoding the babesia bovis 12d3 antigen homologue was obtained by immunoscreening the expression library prepared from babesia gibsoni merozoite mrna. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was 1406 bp. computer analysis suggested that the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1052 bp encoding an expected protein with a molecular weight of 36kda. based on homology analysis, this putative protein was designated as the b. gibsoni 12d3 antigen (bg12d3). the bg12d3 gene was express ... | 2006 | 16815635 |
| a secreted cystatin from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis and its distinct expression patterns in relation to innate immunity. | proteins capable of selective and specific inhibition of cysteine protease have been identified as cystatins and are isolated from a variety of microbes and tissues of animals and plants. the physiological function of these proteins has been proposed to be the regulation of protein turnover and defense against pathogens as well as the balance of the host-parasite immune relationship. genes encoding cystatins have been found in several species of ticks, but the function of cystatin in ticks is no ... | 2006 | 16835018 |
| canine babesiosis: a brazilian perspective. | canine babesiosis is highly endemic in brazil, caused by babesia canis and babesia gibsoni, both transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. the present review argues for a more adequate method of characterizing the babesia species infecting dogs and cats in different brazilian endemic zones. it advocates for a comprehensive understanding of the biology of r. sanguineus ticks under brazilian conditions in order to define the more effective preventive strategies against canine babesiosis and c ... | 2006 | 16962707 |
| prime-boost immunization with dna followed by a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing p50 induced protective immunity against babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. | a heterologous prime-boost immunization regime with priming dna followed by recombinant vaccinia virus expressing relevant antigens has been shown to induce effective immune responses against several infectious pathogens. in this study, we constructed a recombinant plasmid and vaccinia virus, both of which expressed p50 of babesia gibsoni, to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a heterologous prime-boost immunization against canine babesiosis. the dogs immunized with the pr ... | 2007 | 17055131 |
| identification of a novel gene encoding a secreted antigen 1 of babesia gibsoni and evaluation of its use in serodiagnosis. | serum from a dog immunized with blood plasma from a b. gibsoni-infected dog, putatively containing secreted antigens, was used to screen a cdna expression library. a novel gene encoding bgsa1 was identified from the isolated clones. the serum raised in mice immunized with the recombinant bgsa1 expressed in escherichia coli could recognize a native parasite protein with a molecular mass of 59 kda. comparing with the previously established elisa with recombinant p50 as antigen, the elisa with reco ... | 2006 | 17123975 |
| pcr-rflp for the detection and differentiation of the canine piroplasm species and its use with filter paper-based technologies. | canine piroplasmosis is an emerging disease worldwide, with multiple species of piroplasm now recognised to infect dogs. a nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of each of the piroplasm species currently known to infect dogs on the basis of the 18s ribosomal rna gene. the assay can potentially amplify and discriminate between theileria annae, theileria equi, babesia conradae, babesia gibsoni, ... | 2007 | 17127005 |
| babesia gibsoni rhoptry-associated protein 1 and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen. | a cdna encoding the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) homologue was obtained by immunoscreening an expression library prepared from babesia gibsoni merozoite mrna. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was 1740bp. computer analysis suggested that the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1425bp encoding an expected protein with a molecular weight of 52kda. based on the sequence similarity, this putative protein was designated as the b. gibsoni rap-1 (bgrap-1). the bgrap-1 gene was ... | 2007 | 17127008 |
| a comparative study on oxidative stress in dogs infected with ehrlichia canis with or without concurrent infection with babesia gibsoni. | | 2006 | 17139542 |
| development of an immunochromatographic test with recombinant bgsa1 for the diagnosis of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. | an immunochromatographic test (ict) using recombinant bgsa1 (rbgsa1) for the detection of antibodies against babesia gibsoni was developed and evaluated. only the serum samples collected from dogs infected with b. gibsoni were positive in the ict, but the serum samples from dogs infected with closely related parasites and from healthy dogs were negative. the specific antibodies could be detected in a dog experimentally infected with b. gibsoni at both the acute and chronic infection stages by th ... | 2007 | 17171565 |
| clinical usefulness of antibodies against babesia gibsoni detected by elisa with recombinant p50. | the clinical usefulness of antibodies against babesia gibsoni detected by elisa with recombinant p50 was examined in dogs in an area where b. gibsoni infection was endemic. only 8 among 14 dogs with acute type b. gibsoni infection without a previous history of infection were positive. this high percentage of false-negative results is thought to be a weak point of elisa as a diagnostic tool. however, 14 other anemic dogs with a confirmed history of b. gibsoni infection were all positive, thus con ... | 2006 | 17213713 |
| babesia gibsoni ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 induces cross-protective immunity against b. microti infection in mice. | babesia gibsoni ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 (bgp0) was identified as an immunodominant cross-reactive antigen with b. microti. the bgp0 gene is a single copy with a predicted open reading frame of 942 bp and 314 amino acids. the bgp0 was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein in escherichia coli. the serum raised in mice with the recombinant bgp0 showed a specific band with a 34-kda molecular mass in the extracts of b. gibsoni and b. microti merozoites. furthermore, the intraper ... | 2007 | 17229504 |
| comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the heat shock protein 70 gene of babesia parasites from dogs. | the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) genes of babesia gibsoni, b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli, and b. canis rossi isolated from infected dogs were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced. in the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the gene, the parasites were very similar to each other. the nucleotide sequences of the hsp70 gene had more variety than those of 18s nuclear subunit ribosomal dna (18s rdna). a phylogenetic analysis of these sequences and compar ... | 2007 | 17289267 |
| molecular characterization of a novel 32-kda merozoite antigen of babesia gibsoni with a better diagnostic performance by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we cloned and expressed a novel gene encoding a 32-kda merozoite protein of babesia gibsoni (bgp32). the length of nucleotide sequence of the cdna was 1464 bp with an open reading frame of 969 bp. the truncated recombinant bgp32 (rbgp32) without a signal peptide and c-terminal hydrophobic sequence was expressed in escherichia coli as a soluble glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein. western blotting demonstrated that the native protein was 32-kda, consistent with molecular weight of the ... | 2007 | 17381888 |
| clinical management of babesiosis in dogs with homeopathic crotalus horridus 200c. | homeopathic crotalus horridus 200c was evaluated in 13 clinical cases of babesiosis in dogs, compared with another 20 clinical cases treated with diminazine. babesiosis is an important tropical tick-borne haemoprotozoan disease in dogs clinically manifested by anorexia, dehydration, temperature, dullness/depression, diarrhoea/constipation, pale mucosa, hepatomegaly, vomiting/nausea, splenomegaly, distended abdomen/ascites, yellow coloured urine, emaciation/weight loss, and occular discharge. the ... | 2007 | 17437935 |
| suppressive effect of culture supernatant of erythrocytes and serum from dogs infected with babesia gibsoni on the morphological maturation of canine reticulocytes in vitro. | the present study evaluated the effects of infected culture supernatant of erythrocytes, fractionation of culture supernatant and serum from dogs infected with babesia gibsoni (b. gibsoni) on the maturation of canine reticulocytes in vitro. the sds-page demonstrated that significantly broader bands were generated by both the infected culture supernatant of erythrocytes and the serum from dogs chronically infected with b. gibsoni. the culture supernatant of erythrocytes infected with b. gibsoni s ... | 2007 | 17519571 |
| babesia gibsoni: detection during experimental infections and after combined atovaquone and azithromycin therapy. | babesia gibsoni is a protozoan parasite of dogs worldwide yet both an effective treatment and a reliable method for detecting subclinical cases of this emerging infection remain elusive. experimental b. gibsoni infections were established in vivo to investigate the efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin drug therapy and to determine the detection limits of a nested-pcr, ifat and microscopy during various stages of infection. while atovaquone and azithromycin produced a reduction in par ... | 2007 | 17543304 |
| identification of three protein disulfide isomerase members from haemaphysalis longicornis tick. | three genes encoding putative protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) were isolated from the haemaphysalis longicornis est database and designed as hlpdi-1, hlpdi-2, and hlpdi-3. all three pdi genes contain two typical pdi active sites cxxc and encode putative 435, 499, and 488 amino acids, respectively. the recombinant proteins expressed in escherichia coli all show pdi activities, and the activities were inhibited by a pdi-specific inhibitor, zinc bacitracin. western blot analysis and real-time pcr ... | 2007 | 17550821 |
| a possible treatment strategy and clinical factors to estimate the treatment response in bebesia gibsoni infection. | the effectiveness of combination therapy using clindamycin, metronidazole and doxycycline against canine babesiosis, and the usefulness of platelet count and the plasma c-reactive protein (crp) concentration as an estimation factor for treatment, were evaluated in four dogs experimentally infected with babesia gibsoni. the combination therapy successfully eliminated b. gibsoni in peripheral blood in 3 of 4 dogs, however the remaining dog showed obvious uncontrolled relapse after a temporary reco ... | 2007 | 17551236 |
| first evidence of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) in dogs in western europe. | canine babesiosis in europe is generally caused by babesia canis canis and babesia canis rossi. here we describe the first two autochthonous cases of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) infection in germany. two american pit bull terriers showed clinical and hematologic signs consistent with babesiosis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of the 18s rdna of blood samples revealed 486 bp fragments. the sequences were 100% identical to each other and 100% identical to babesia gibsoni (asian geno ... | 2007 | 17627433 |
| molecular characterisation of babesia gibsoni infection from a pit-bull terrier pup recently imported into south africa. | canine babesiosis caused by babesia gibsoni was diagnosed in a 3-month-old pit-bull pup during a routine clinical examination. diagnosis was confirmed by way of smear examination, pcr, reverse line blot (rlb) and sequence analysis which showed 100% homology with b. gibsoni (japan ab118032) and babesia sp. (oklahoma) (af205636). haematology showed moderate anaemia and severe thrombocytopenia. treatment was initiated with diminazene aceturate (berenil rtu) followed by 2 doses of imidocarb dipropri ... | 2007 | 17665757 |
| a novel 57-kda merozoite protein of babesia gibsoni is a prospective antigen for diagnosis and serosurvey of canine babesiosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we isolated a novel single copy gene encoding a 57-kda merozoite protein of babesia gibsoni (bgp57). the nucleotide sequence of the cdna was 2387 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 1644 bp encoding a 57-kda predicted polypeptide having 547 amino acid residues. the recombinant bgp57 (rbgp57) without a predicted signal peptide was expressed in escherichia coli as a soluble glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion protein. western blotting showed that the corresponding native protein was 57-kda, ... | 2007 | 17706873 |
| a shared antigen among babesia species: ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 as a universal babesial vaccine candidate. | babesia gibsoni ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 (bgp0) was previously identified as a cross-protective antigen against babesia microti infection in mice. interestingly, the same protein showed considerable antigenicity when tested with serum samples collected from babesia-infected animals. moreover, the polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant bgp0 (rbgp0) recognized the p0 homologues from other babesia species either by immunoblotting or by immunoscreening. the p0 genes from babesia cabal ... | 2007 | 17823817 |
| babesia gibsoni: identification of an immunodominant, interspersed repeat antigen. | in this report, an immunodominant antigen called bgira from babesia gibsoni is identified and described. a highly repetitive antigen was screened from a cdna library. the genomic bgira gene exists as single cope gene and contains 10 introns. bgira plays a dominant role in the immune response in dogs infected with b. gibsoni. the specificity and sensitivity of the rbgira in an elisa indicated that this antigen might be useful in a diagnostic test. | 2008 | 17870070 |
| screening of indonesian medicinal plant extracts for antibabesial activity and isolation of new quassinoids from brucea javanica. | boiled extracts derived from 28 indonesian medicinal plants were screened for their antibabesial activity against babesia gibsoni in vitro. of these extracts, the fruit of brucea javanica was the most active in inhibiting parasite growth at a concentration of 10 microg/ml. bioassay-guided fractionation of the fruit extract of br. javanica led to the isolation of two new quassinoids, bruceantinol b and bruceine j, and the structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectro ... | 2007 | 17896817 |
| blood, bull terriers and babesiosis: further evidence for direct transmission of babesia gibsoni in dogs. | this study reports on the epidemiology of babesia gibsoni in american pit bull terriers living in a region of western victoria in southern australia. both american pit bull terriers (n = 100) and other dog breeds (n = 51) were screened for b gibsoni using immunofluorescent antibody testing (ifat) and/or polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). a questionnaire was also completed by each dog owner, ascertaining the husbandry and habits of the dogs sampled. fou ... | 2007 | 17970851 |
| babesia gibsoni: serodiagnosis of infection in dogs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant bgtrap. | the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of babesia gibsoni (bgtrap) is known as an immunodominant antigen and is, therefore, considered as a candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for canine babesiosis. the recombinant bgtrap (rbgtrap) expressed in escherichia coli was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibodies to b. gibsoni in dogs. the elisa with rbgtrap clearly differentiated between b. gibsoni-infected dog sera and specific pathogen-fre ... | 2008 | 18155197 |
| sequence conservation in the rrna first internal transcribed spacer region of babesia gibsoni genotype asia isolates. | babesia gibsoni genotype asia is a small, tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic protozoan that parasitizes dogs. reports suggest that it is increasingly diagnosed in the united states. the clinical outcome of infection with this piroplasm is often variable, leading us to hypothesize that the different clinical outcomes resulting from b. gibsoni genotype asia infection are due to genetically distinguishable strains that differ in virulence. as a first step to assess the genetic variability of b. gib ... | 2008 | 18207327 |
| assessment of primers designed for the subspecies-specific discrimination among babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi by pcr assay. | canine babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by either babesia gibsoni or babesia canis protozoans. the latter is also classified under three different phylogenetic groups, referred to as subspecies b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli and b. canis rossi. the objective of the present study was to validate and standardize a pcr assay to discriminate the organisms at the subspecies level. first, the reference sequences of the 18s rrna, 5.8s rrna and 28s rrna genes, including the internal transcrib ... | 2008 | 18242863 |
| heat shock response of babesia gibsoni heat shock protein 70. | mrna and protein expression profiles for heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) of babesia gibsoni (bghsp70) exposed to either high or low temperatures, were examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. in the present study, a commercially available anti-human hsp70 antibody that could recognize recombinant bghsp70 was used. bghsp70 was detected in the parasites cultured under standard conditions at 37 c by western blotting and immunostaining of ... | 2008 | 18372630 |
| erythrocytic antioxidant defense, lipid peroxides level and blood iron, zinc and copper concentrations in dogs naturally infected with babesia gibsoni. | babesiosis is a common tick borne disease of dogs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world caused by different species of babesia. the present study aimed to examine erythrocyte lipid peroxide and erythrocytic antioxidant levels in dogs with clinical babesiosis, caused by babesia gibsoni, and impact of the disease on blood iron, zinc and copper levels. the study was conducted on 10 naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis with the history of tick infestation, erratic pyrexia, and p ... | 2008 | 18378268 |
| flow cytometry to evaluate the level of babesia gibsoni parasitemia in vivo and in vitro by using the fluorescent nucleic acid stain syto16. | in the present study, we employed flow cytometry to evaluate the level of parasitemia of babesia gibsoni infecting canine erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro by using fluorescent nucleic acid staining. peripheral blood samples from a b. gibsoni-infected dog and cultured b. gibsoni parasitizing in canine erythrocytes were stained with a membrane-permeable fluorescent nucleic acid stain, syto16. in this study, we utilized normal canine erythrocytes (lk erythrocytes) and canine erythrocytes containin ... | 2008 | 18380154 |
| ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in dogs in south korea. | ehrlichia chaffeensis is one of the causative agents of canine ehrlichiosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme). canine ehrlichiosis caused by e. chaffeensis was diagnosed in two dogs in south korea based on clinical findings, and the diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequencing. a 5-year-old intact male american pit bull terrier allowed outdoors was found to be concurrently infected with babesia gibsoni and e. chaffeensis. the major clinical findings were let ... | 2008 | 18399775 |
| improvement of dna extraction method for dried blood spots and comparison of four pcr methods for detection of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) infection in canine blood samples. | to eradicate canine babesiosis in epidemic areas, mass-screening of the infection situation of babesia gibsoni including occult infection is necessary. the development of cost-effective method for storage and transport of blood samples is required. a highly efficient dna extraction procedure from dried blood spots (dbs) onto whatman 3mm filter paper was developed for the diagnosis of b. gibsoni infection in dog by pcr. in 3 extraction methods, chelex-based method in combination with saponin wash ... | 2008 | 18525167 |
| c3 contributes to the cross-protective immunity induced by babesia gibsoni phosphoriboprotein p0 against a lethal b. rodhaini infection. | we have studied the impact of complement component 3 (c3) deficiency on the progression of lethal babesia rodhaini infection in immune mice. a b. gibsoni ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 (bgp0) previously reported to be a cross-protective antigen against babesia infection was used to immunize c57bl/6 wild-type (wt) and c3-deficient (c3-/-) mice. test mice were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with recombinant bgp0 (rbgp0), while controls either were immunized with pbs or did not receive any immuniz ... | 2008 | 18533933 |
| epidemiological survey of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in japan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using b. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein antigen. | a nationwide epidemiological survey of babesia gibsoni infection in non-fighting dogs was conducted using an improved elisa with recombinant b. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (bgtrap). a total of 1206 dogs from 27 prefectures were examined and 128 (10.6%) tested positive. in the eastern part of japan, 39 dogs out of the 559 (7.0%) examined were positive, while 89 dogs out of 647 (13.8%) tested positive in the western part of japan. although the percentage of dogs that tested pos ... | 2008 | 18565675 |
| tick vitellogenin receptor reveals critical role in oocyte development and transovarial transmission of babesia parasite. | a cdna encoding the vitellogenin receptor of the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis neumann (hlvgr) was cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna is 5631 bp, including an intact orf encoding an expected protein with 1782 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hlvgr cdna revealed two ligand-binding domains with four class a cysteine-rich repeats in the first domain and eight in the second domain similar to those of insect vgrs. the immunoblot analysis detected approximately ... | 2008 | 18756328 |
| in vitro evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of 15 drugs against babesia gibsoni (aomori strain). | the in vitro growth inhibitory activities of 15 drugs against babesia gibsoni were evaluated following establishment of a continuous culture isolate (aomori isolate). the culture was successfully continued in an rpmi-1640 medium supplemented with 20% normal canine serum or fetal bovine serum in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% co2 and 5% o2 at 37 degrees c. we used this isolate to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect of naphthoquinone (atovaquone), aromatic diamidine (diminazene and pentam ... | 2008 | 18771856 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of babesia gibsoni dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase: inhibitory effect of antifolates on its catalytic activity and parasite proliferation. | dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) is a well-validated antifolate drug target in certain pathogenic apicomplexans, but not in the genus babesia, including babesia gibsoni. therefore, we isolated, cloned, and expressed the wild-type b. gibsoni dhfr-ts gene in escherichia coli and evaluated the inhibitory effect of antifolates on its enzyme activity, as well as on in vitro parasite growth. the full-length gene consists of a 1,548-bp open reading frame encoding a 58.8-kda transl ... | 2008 | 18794380 |
| characterization of the babesia gibsoni 12-kda protein as a potential antigen for the serodiagnosis. | a novel gene, bgp12, encoding a 12-kda protein was identified from babesia gibsoni. the full-length cdna of bgp12 contains an open reading frame of 378 bp, corresponding to 126 amino acid (aa) residues consisting of a putative 26 aa signal peptide and a 100 aa mature protein. the recombinant bgp12 (rbgp12) lacking the n-terminal signal peptide was expressed in escherichia coli as a soluble glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion protein (rbgp12) that produced an anti-rbgp12 serum in mice after im ... | 2009 | 19000776 |
| [vector-borne parasites of dogs on the islands of cabo verde]. | during an animal welfare campaign on the islands of cape verde (in the capital praia on the island of santiago) a total of 57 dogs were examined for ectoparasites and blood parasites. 84% of the animals were infested with arthropods, mostly ticks. haemotropic parasites were examined via blood smear, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and/or serology. 23 dogs had single infections, five multiple infections with haemoparasites. in eight dogs ehrlichia canis and in one amaplasma phagocytophilum were d ... | 2008 | 19066773 |
| pcr survey of vectorborne pathogens in dogs living in and around barcelona, an area endemic for leishmaniasis. | blood samples from 153 dogs living in and around barcelona were assayed for leishmania infantum and ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, hepatozoon, babesia and theileria species by pcr amplification of dna, and the amplicons obtained were sequenced. the prevalence of the infectious agents was l infantum (29.4 per cent), ehrlichia and anaplasma species (4.0 per cent), hepatozoon canis (3.3 per cent), babesia canis vogeli (2.0 per cent), babesia gibsoni (2.0 per cent), babesia canis cani ... | 2009 | 19168881 |
| evaluation of efficacy of bruceine a, a natural quassinoid compound extracted from a medicinal plant, brucea javanica, for canine babesiosis. | bruceine a, a natural quassinoid compound extracted from the dried fruits of brucea javanica (l.) merr., was evaluated for its antibabesial activity in vitro and in vivo. bruceine a inhibited the in vitro growth of babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at lower concentration compared with the standard antibabesial drug diminazene aceturate and killed the parasites within 24 hr at a concentration of 25 nm. oral administration of bruceine a at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 5 days resulted in no c ... | 2009 | 19194074 |
| epidemiologic and clinical surveys in dogs infected with babesia gibsoni in south korea. | clinically diagnosed cases of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs were evaluated on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) results and nucleotide sequences of the 18s rrna gene. twenty-nine of 117 submitted dogs were pcr positive. the breed of dogs infected with b. gibsoni varied; however, pit bull terriers were the breed most often infected. the infection rate was higher in densely populated regions and in male dogs. young dogs (age < 3 years) were more sensitive to b. gibsoni infection, an ... | 2009 | 19271995 |
| diversity of babesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia. | babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species of babesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterised by ... | 2009 | 19367832 |
| genetic diversity of two selected antigen loci in babesia gibsoni asian genotype obtained from japan and jeju island of south korea. | previous reports have shown that the secreted antigen 1 of babesia gibsoni (bgsa1) and the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of b. gibsoni (bgtrap) are promising diagnostic reagents and vaccine candidates. therefore, we determined the extent of nucleotide sequence variation in the bgsa1 and bgtrap genes, obtained from eight isolates of b. gibsoni got from clinically infected dogs in geographically distinct areas of japan and one isolate from jeju island of south korea. sequence analyses ha ... | 2009 | 19375863 |
| identification of secreted antigen 3 from babesia gibsoni. | a cdna expression library of babesia gibsoni was screened with the serum collected from a dog experimentally infected with b. gibsoni. a novel antigen sharing homology with secreted antigen 1 of b. gibsoni was isolated. the genomic analysis indicated that the bgsa3 gene exists as multicopies in the genome of b. gibsoni. the putative peptide encoded by the bgsa3 gene showed some characteristics of secreted proteins. the serum raised in mice immunized with the recombinant bgsa3 expressed in escher ... | 2009 | 19386799 |
| molecular and immunological characterization of babesia gibsoni and babesia microti heat shock protein-70. | serological immunoscreening was used to identify a gene encoding heat shock protein-70 from babesia gibsoni (bghsp-70) that showed high homology with hsp-70s from other apicomplexan parasites. this gene corresponded to a full-length cdna containing an open reading frame of 1968 bp predicted to result in a 70-kda mature protein consisting of 656 amino acids. analysis of the expression levels of bghsp-70 indicated elevated transcription from cultured parasites incubated at 40 degrees c for 1 h, bu ... | 2009 | 19493212 |
| characterization of a leucine aminopeptidase of babesia gibsoni. | peptidases of parasitic protozoa are currently under intense investigation in order to identify novel virulence factors, drug targets, and vaccine candidates, except in babesia. leucine aminopeptidases in protozoa, such as plasmodium and leishmania, have been identified to be involved in free amino acid regulation. we report here the molecular and enzymatic characterization, as well as the localization of a leucine aminopeptidase, a member of the m17 cytosolic aminopeptidase family, from b. gibs ... | 2009 | 19549347 |
| molecular characterizations of three distinct babesia gibsoni rhoptry-associated protein-1s (rap-1s). | three cdnas encoding rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) homologues were found in the babesia gibsoni est database. based on similarities to bgrap-1a, which was identified previously by serological screening of a cdna merozoite library, the two new genes were designated bgrap-1b (33.7%) and bgrap-1c (57%). mice antiserum raised against each recombinant protein reacted specifically with b. gibsoni parasites as determined by western blotting, which showed native molecular sizes of the bgrap-1a (5 ... | 2009 | 19631010 |
| diversity ofbabesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia. | babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species ofbabesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterized by p ... | 2009 | 19640468 |
| possible emergence of drug-resistant variants of babesia gibsoni in clinical cases treated with atovaquone and azithromycin. | there is no well-established treatment strategy for babesia gibsoni infection. a new therapeutic protocol using atovaquone (atv) and azithromycin (azm) has been proposed, but there is concern about the possible induction of relapse and the emergence of atv-resistant variants after treatment. | 2009 | 19645835 |
| babesia gibsoni: identification, expression, localization, and serological characterization of a babesia gibsoni 22-kda protein. | babesia gibsoni causes canine babesiosis. here, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel gene, bgp22, containing an open reading frame of 621bp and encoding a 22-kda protein from b. gibsoni, as a serodiagnostic candidate. the recombinant bgp22 (rbgp22) was expressed and used as an antigen to produce anti-rbgp22 sera in mice. using these anti-rbgp22 sera, a native 22-kda protein was recognized by western blot analysis and observed in the membrane of the parasites by immunofl ... | 2009 | 19665019 |