| automatic sleep-wake scoring in the rat on microcomputer apple ii. | an automatic scoring system in real time of sleep-wake behavior in the rat was elaborated on microcomputer apple ii. four electrophysiological recording channels were used to distinguish seven behavioral states. because the rat shows behavioral stages which are short-lasting, the analysis is performed second by second. it is based on the detection of the signal energy in specific frequency bands. the percentage of time passed in each stage is computed every 15 min, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h, the analysi ... | 1988 | 3220599 |
| [eeg changes in rats after subchronic exposure to ethanol]. | eeg-investigations in rats were carried out 2 weeks after finishing a 3-month exposure scheme to ethanol (113 mmol/kg b.w., p.o., 5 times per week). we found pronounced disturbances of the sleep-wake behaviour as a reflection of a serious damage of the alertness-regulating system. the previously exposed animals did show disturbed vigilance and changes in the course and character of sleep, a reduction of power density in the alpha-, and an increase within the beta- and delta frequency bands of th ... | 1988 | 3240308 |
| changes in the rat sleep-wake cycle produced by d,l-beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine, a tryptophan analog. | the effects of i.p. injections of d,l-beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine, a synthetic analog of tryptophan were tested on the rat sleep-waking cycle. administration of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in slow-wave sleep (sws) and a decrease in paradoxical sleep (ps). these modifications were dose-dependent. these results were compared with those previously obtained with l-tryptophan and several analogs and discussed in relation with possible changes in central serotonergic activity. | 1988 | 3241654 |
| [regeneration of the liver under the influence of e. coli endotoxin]. | studies were conducted into regeneration of rat liver exposed to the action of e. coli endotoxin, following two-third resection. no accelerated regeneration was found to take place in the wake of two-third hepatectomy and following postoperative intraperitoneal administration of e. coli endotoxin. however, regeneration was accelerated with significance in response to preoperative administration of 0.1 mg/kg body weight of e. coli endotoxin (b 5:55 difco). | 1988 | 3281394 |
| computer analysis of cardiovascular changes during sleep-wake cycle in sprague-dawley rats. | blood pressure (bp) and heart rate (hr) were recorded in seven sprague-dawley rats during a total of 491 normal sleep-wake cycles with the use of a computer-assisted method developed for this study. significant changes of bp, hr, and bp variability (bpv) were found between the three states within the cycle, i.e., wakefulness (w), slow-wave sleep (sws), and paradoxical sleep (ps). the highest bp, bpv, and hr values were found during w. then all cardiovascular (cv) variables fell during sws, where ... | 1988 | 3344812 |
| effects of nocturnal intraperitoneal administration of cholecystokinin in rats: simultaneous increase in sleep, increase in eeg slow-wave activity, reduction of motor activity, suppression of eating, and decrease in brain temperature. | rats received an i.p. injection of cholecystokinin-octapeptide sulfate ester (cck; 4, 10 or 50 micrograms/kg) or physiological saline at dark onset, and the 24-h sleep-wake cycle (12-h-dark and 12-h-light phases), spontaneous motor activity and brain temperature (tbr) were recorded. eeg activity was studied through spectral analysis for 2.5 h, and food intake was measured at the end of postinjection hour 1. in response to cck, non-rem sleep increased at the expense of wakefulness, and the sleep- ... | 1988 | 3345423 |
| cardiovascular changes during the sleep-wake cycle in spontaneous hypertensive rats and their genetically normotensive precursors. | blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in spontaneously hypertensive rats (sh) and in their genetically normotensive precursors (wky) during the sleep-wake cycle using a computer-assisted method. similar results were obtained in both strains: (a) no significant difference was observed in blood pressure values between slow-wave-sleep (sws) and the last 2 min of the preceding wakefulness (w) episode within the complete cycle; blood pressure then increased during ps. (b) heart rate values duri ... | 1988 | 3357757 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuron changes in the senile rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) is thought to be the main neuronal oscillator underlying circadian rhythmicity of different biological phenomena such as sleep-wakefulness and body temperature. although numerous studies in old rats showed that circadian organization is clearly disturbed in senescence, no decrease in total scn cell number has been observed. however, in an earlier study we found a significant decrease of approximately 30% in the number of immunocytochemically-stained vasopressin ... | 1988 | 3398995 |
| sleep fragmentation in the arthritic rat. | we examined the diurnal sleep-wake patterns in the adjuvant arthritic rat. in contrast to control rats, arthritic rats lacked a normal diurnal variation in sleep and wakefulness. thus, arthritic rats exhibited no differences in the mean number or duration of bouts of sleep and episodes of wakefulness between light and dark hours. arthritic rats also had a marked increase in the fragmentation of their sleep manifested by an increased number of sleep bouts and episodes of wakefulness and a decreas ... | 1988 | 3405623 |
| effect of peripheral administration of arginine vasotocin on neonatal sleep in rats. | vasotocin was recently reported to increase the neonatal amount of active sleep in kittens. in this study we examined the effects of arginine vasotocin (vasotocin), given intraperitoneally and at a wide dose range, on the sleep-wake behavior of 7-day-old and 14-day-old rat pups using a static charge sensitive recording system. it increased the percentage of quiet state relative to total sleep time at the doses of 0.01-1.0 ng/g of body weight but did not affect it at the dose of 0.001 ng/g. the p ... | 1988 | 3420009 |
| period-amplitude analysis of rat electroencephalogram: effects of sleep deprivation and exercise. | electroencephalogram (eeg) wavelength and amplitude within nrem sleep, paradoxical sleep (ps), and wake were measured by computer in five intact rats and four rats with suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) lesions for the first recovery day following 24-h total sleep deprivation (tsd) achieved by keeping them on a rotating cylinder over water. to assess exercise effects, eeg within nrem was also analyzed in four intact rats for 8 h after separate 4-h tsd sessions at low and high rates of cylinder rotat ... | 1987 | 3432853 |
| period-amplitude analysis of rat electroencephalogram: stage and diurnal variations and effects of suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions. | period-amplitude analysis was used to measure the number of waves per unit time (wave incidence) and wave amplitude for 19 wavelength categories in the lateral cortical electroencephalogram (eeg) of five intact and four suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned rats during nrem sleep, waking, and paradoxical sleep (ps) over a period of 24 h. the analysis confirmed several parallels between rat electroencephalogram (eeg) and human eeg: the wave incidence and amplitude at all wavelengths are both practicall ... | 1987 | 3432854 |
| [temperature changes in the neocortex, posterior hypothalamus and neck muscles in the wakefulness-sleep cycle of white rats]. | in chronic experiments on male relatively unrestrained rats, simultaneous studies have been made on the behaviour during wake-sleep cycle and on changes in the temperature of the neocortex, posterior hypothalamus and neck muscles. interaction of two mechanisms at the hypothalamic level is discussed, namely the development of various stages of the wake-sleep cycle and thermoregulation. special attention is paid to the phase of rapid sleep, when the transition of an animal from homoiothermic to he ... | 1987 | 3434041 |
| increase in paradoxical sleep after destruction of serotoninergic innervation in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. | the evolution of paradoxical sleep, slow-wave sleep and arterial pressure was studied following microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in the nucleus tractus solitarius in rats. the extent of the lesions was assessed using immunohistochemistry for serotonin. global lesions of serotoninergic nerve terminals of the intermediate and commissural regions of the nucleus produced an important and long-lasting increase in paradoxical sleep (+50-70%), a decrease in slow-wave sleep (-20%) and a moderat ... | 1987 | 3437976 |
| effects of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine on sleep-wake patterns in the male rat. | melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine were administered continuously over a period of 1-3 months to adult male rats by means of subcutaneously implanted silastic capsules containing one or the other of these pineal hormones. polygraphic recordings during several weeks following hormonal application showed an increase in the amount of time spent in both quiet and rapid eye movement sleep, during the light as well as the dark period; however, diurnal sleep-wake rhythmicity was not affected by either t ... | 1986 | 3459865 |
| effects of aging and housing in an enriched environment on sleep-wake patterns in rats. | the effects of aging and housing in an enriched environment were assessed in young adult (4-7 months) and old (27-31 months) male brown norway rats by conducting 24-h sleep-wake recordings. comparison of recordings made in rats of different ages, housed in a standard laboratory environment, revealed a reduction of the time spent in slow wave and desynchronized sleep during the light period in the old rats. furthermore in the old rats, sleep was more fragmented and the amplitude of the circadian ... | 1986 | 3505733 |
| effects of acute and chronic treatment with an atypical antidepressant drug, nomifensine, on the sleep-wake activity in rats. | after the chronic administration of saline, rats were treated with nomifensine (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg, twice a day, at light and dark onset) for 11 days. the sleep-wake activity was recorded for 24 h on the baseline day (saline), on nomifensine days 1, 5 and 11, and also on day 12, when saline was injected again (withdrawal day). another group of rats was treated with saline throughout the experiment, without significant effect on the sleep-wake activity. the smaller dose of nomifensine increased non ... | 1987 | 3561528 |
| dopamine autoreceptor antagonists: effects on sleep-wake activity in the rat. | the effects of the putative dopamine (da) autoreceptor antagonists cis-(+)-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (+)-uh 232, and cis-(+)-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-(n-propylamino)tetralin, (+)-aj 76, on sleep-wake activity, eeg, and motor activity in the rat were studied. both drugs induced a dose-dependent increase in wakefulness (w) and a reduction in non-rem sleep (nrems). a definite tendency to a suppression of rem sleep (rems) could also be observed. the results of spectral analysis in ... | 1987 | 3562484 |
| relationships among wake episode lengths, contiguous sleep episode lengths, and electroencephalographic delta waves in rats with suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions. | the lengths of sleep and wake episodes during 2 consecutive days of recording were measured in five rats lacking circadian rhythms owing to lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. total sleep (ts) episode lengths and the amount of nrem sleep and paradoxical sleep (ps) within each episode were examined in relationship to the lengths of the immediately preceding and the immediately following wake episodes. as putative measures of sleep intensity, average and maximum delta wave (1-4 hz) incidence an ... | 1987 | 3563245 |
| effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behaviour and adult alcohol consumption in the aa and ana rat lines. | to study the role of genetic factors in the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on behaviour, dams of two rat lines developed to differ in voluntary alcohol intake, alcohol-preferring (aa) and alcohol-avoiding (ana) rats were given a 5-10% alcohol solution mixed with a 1% sucrose solution as a sole drinking liquid throughout gestation. sleep-wake behaviour of the offspring was studied at the ages of 7, 14 and 20 days, using a movement-sensitive mattress. in ana rats, sleep recordings showed tha ... | 1987 | 3619998 |
| effects of enhanced cerebrospinal fluid levels of vasopressin, vasopressin antagonist or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on circadian sleep-wake rhythm in the rat. | several endogenous peptides have been implicated in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. the present study was carried out in order to determine whether the light-dark rhythm of vasopressin (vp) in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) had functional significance in relaying information from the circadian pacemaker, i.e. the suprachiasmatic nuclei (which synthesize vp as well as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip], to the centra regulating sleep. after constant delivery of vp in the csf via an a ... | 1987 | 3676743 |
| feeding and diurnal related activity of lateral hypothalamic neurons in freely behaving rats. | activity of 64 single neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (lha) was recorded for 1-8 days in freely behaving rats. the activity of 26 (40.6%) neurons varied with circadian rhythm and in relation to feeding. activity of 23 of these neurons decreased during consumption of each pellet, and that of one increased. the activity of two other neurons increased intermittently, at night, prior to and during eating and drinking episodes. all changed activity with sleep-wake changes; increasing in the dark ... | 1986 | 3719319 |
| structure-activity relationship in the effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (dsip) on rat sleep. | dsip and its analogues, [d-trp1]-dsip, [d-tyr1]-dsip, and [d-trp1]-dsip1-6, were injected icv (7 nmol/kg) into rats at dark onset, and the sleep-wake activity was recorded during the 12-hr dark period and the subsequent 12-hr light period. the effects were evaluated with respect to baseline records obtained after artificial csf injections. dsip did not increase sleep, whereas both [d-trp1]-dsip and [d-tyr1]-dsip promoted sleep in the first part of the night. [d-trp1]-dsip1-6 had a prompt arousin ... | 1986 | 3754970 |
| effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behaviour and adult alcohol consumption in rats. | our previous experiments showed that suppression of early postnatal active (rem) sleep increases alcohol intake in adult rats. to study the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behaviour and adult alcohol consumption pregnant rat dams were given 7% to 12% alcohol, 1% sucrose solution, or tap water as a sole liquid throughout gestation. sleep-wake behaviour of the pups was studied at 6, 8, 12 and 15 days of age by using a movement sensitive mattress. the offspring who were ... | 1986 | 3766148 |
| eosinophilic leucocytes and phospholipase b of rat tissues. | the correlation between the eosinophilic leucocyte population and the phospholipase b activity of rat tissues has been tested with isolated cell preparations from intestine, lung, blood, bone marrow and spleen containing eosinophils in varying proportions and with pure eosinophil fractions separated by centrifugation on discontinuous metrizoate and metrizamide gradients. a uniform value of activity per cell was found in all these tissues extending previous histochemical and biochemical evidence ... | 1986 | 3768933 |
| postnatal development of hepatocytes following oxygen deficiency in utero. | pregnant rats were exposed to altitude hypoxia (5,000 m = po2 11.33 kpa) 8 h daily, from the 16th through 21st d of pregnancy. the livers of the newborn male rats were morphometrically examined by electron microscopy for both qualitative and quantitative parameters, on the 2nd, 5th, 11th and 22nd d of age and were compared with those of controls during the same periods of postnatal development. substantive changes were exhibited by the mitochondria. processes of autophagocytic decomposition were ... | 1986 | 3817097 |
| alimentary sleep satiety in suckling rats. | sleep/wake states were investigated in rat pups at 12-13 days of age following deprivation of milk and their dam for 9-12 hr. early in the deprivation period each pup was equipped with bipolar stainless steel electrodes for electroencephalographic (eeg) and electromyographic (emg) recordings. four groups of pups were tested using anesthetized dams. the pups were either allowed to root in the dam's fur, but were not allowed to attach to a nipple; allowed to root after receiving a gut load of rat' ... | 1986 | 3823169 |
| the dose-response effects of caffeine on sleep in rats. | caffeine at doses of 0.125, 1.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg was administered to rats and the subsequent effects on the sleep-wake cycle were measured. the 12.5 and 25 mg/kg doses of caffeine increased wakefulness, and decreased slow wave sleep-1 (sws1), sws2, rapid eye movement (rem) sleep and total sleep time (p less than or equal to 0.05). the 0.125 and 1.25 mg/kg doses of caffeine increased sws1 at the expense of sws2 (p less than or equal to 0.05), and did not affect total sleep time in any time per ... | 1987 | 3828812 |
| effects of intracerebroventricular injection of delta sleep-inducing peptide (dsip) and an analogue on sleep and brain temperature in rats at night. | the effects of icv injections of dsip and omega-amino-caprilyl-dsip (c-dsip) on the sleep-wake activity and brain temperature (tbr were studied in rats. the substances (7 nmol/kg) were injected at dark onset, and the sleep-wake activity and tbr were recorded for 24 hr (dark and light periods, 12 hr each). relative to the control recordings obtained after artificial csf injection, the duration of sleep did not increase after either dsip or c-dsip. the only significant reaction was an increase of ... | 1985 | 3841214 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide promotes sleep without effects on brain temperature in rats at night. | the possible sleep-promoting activity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) was contrasted with the physiological sleep suppression in the diurnal active period through the i.c.v. injection of 100 ng vip into rats at dark onset. the sleep-wake activity and brain temperature (tbr) were recorded for 24 h (dark period and light period, 12 h each), and the effects were evaluated with respect to records obtained after artificial cerbrospinal fluid injection. without altering the normal course of ... | 1986 | 3960403 |
| sleep-wake behavior of newborn rats recorded with movement sensitive method. | the aim of this study was to determine criteria for classification of sleep-wake behavior in newborn rats by recording total body and respiratory movements with a static charge sensitive bed (scsb). initially, the sleep-wake behavior was simultaneously observed visually and recorded by the scsb mattress, from the fourth to the twenty-second postnatal days. thus, the criteria for scoring the scsb recordings were obtained by comparison of the behavioral scorings with the scsb tracings. to further ... | 1986 | 3964414 |
| differences in the sleep-wake patterns of the aa and ana rat lines developed for high and low alcohol intake. | the sleep-wake patterns of the aa and ana rat lines, developed for high and low voluntary alcohol consumption by genetic selection, were studied at the age of 10 days with a movement sensitive mattress, and at the age of four months with a monitor for anesthesia and brain activity. the amount of rem sleep was significantly higher in the ana rats than in the aa rats both as newborns and as adults. the total sleep times, however, were the same in both rat lines. these findings suggest that the dif ... | 1986 | 3964441 |
| effects of acute and chronic treatment with amitryptyline on the sleep-wake activity of rats. | amitriptyline (1, 5 or 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice a day) was administered to rats and the sleep-wake activity was recorded for either 24 hr (1 mg/kg) or 12 hr (5 or 15 mg/kg) on the day before treatment with amitriptyline, on days 1 and 5 of the treatment and on day 6, when the drug was withdrawn. in the first 3 hr amitriptyline increased non-rem sleep (nrems), and decreased rem sleep (rems) and wakefulness; the effects were dose-dependent. the changes in non-rem sleep and wakefulness (w) ... | 1985 | 3990921 |
| sleep-wake state organization in infant rats with episodic respiratory disturbance following sinoaortic denervation. | the role of arterial chemoreceptors in the maintenance of rhythmic respiration during sleep was investigated in 2-week-old rats by microsurgical sectioning of carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerve fibers (sad) and later recording of respiratory pattern by impedance pneumography and sleep-wake states by electrophysiological methods. deafferentation produced high rates of an atypical respiratory pattern characterized by episodes during which the usual pattern was replaced by an arrhythmic serie ... | 1985 | 3992108 |
| vasotocin involvement in the maturation of the rat brain. | in order to investigate the effects of arginine vasotocin (avt), (a pineal nonapeptide hormone) on the brain maturation, the sleep-wake cycle, the day of eyelids opening and the total brain lipids level were followed up in new-born rats receiving daily (between day 2 and 8 of life) 100 ng of synthetic avt, arginine-vasopressin (avp), oxytocin (ot) or 0.1 ml saline solution. while avp and ot had no effect, avt induced: 1) an increase in the amount of active sleep (as); 2) a decrease in the brain ... | 1985 | 3992156 |
| changes in the brain and core temperatures in relation to the various arousal states in rats in the light and dark periods of the day. | in rats, brain temperature (tbr) and core temperature (tc) were recorded in parallel with the sleep-wake activity throughout the 24-h diurnal cycle, consisting of a 12-h light (l) and a 12-h dark (d) period. in order to characterize the temperature changes associated with the arousal states in the l and the d separately, (i) the average temperatures in wakefulness (w), non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) and rem sleep (rems), and at the transitions between the arousal states were calculated; (i ... | 1985 | 4040238 |
| [automatic analysis of wake-sleep states in rats]. | | 1971 | 4327202 |
| [inhibition of gaba transaminase and wake-sleep behaior in rats]. | | 1971 | 4327203 |
| proceedings: a technique for the quantitative characterization of the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | | 1974 | 4458889 |
| effect of sleep-wake reversal and sleep deprivation on the circadian rhythm of oxygen toxicity seizure susceptibility. | | 1972 | 5076606 |
| interactions between 5-hydroxytryptamine and a purified bacterial pyrogen when injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the wake rabbit. | | 1971 | 5577497 |
| time-dependent effects of actinomycin s3 on sleep and brain concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat. | changes in the sleep pattern were investigated in rats given actinomycin s3 (acs3, 0.25 mg/kg, intraventricularly), an inhibitor of rna synthesis, at 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800. the amounts of slow-wave (ss) and paradoxical sleep (ps) were increased during the dark period (1800 to 0600) in the groups treated at 0000, 0600, and 1200. in the 1800 injected group, ps was decreased. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) was determined in the 0600 injected group. the 5-ht concentration in the acs3-treated group ... | 1983 | 6192010 |
| [voltammetric detection of extracellular 5-hydroxyindole compounds at the level of cell bodies and the terminals of the raphe system: variations during the wake-sleep cycle in the rat in chronic experiments]. | in rats, chronically implanted for measurements of both voltammetric and polygraphic parameters, variations of the electrochemical signal corresponding to extracellular 5-hydroxyindole compounds (peak 3) were measured during the sleep-waking cycle. the higher amplitude of this signal is always measured during waking. it decreases during slow-wave sleep (20 to 30%) and reaches its lower value during paradoxical sleep (30 to 40%). this phenomenon has been found in all structures investigated, cere ... | 1983 | 6193846 |
| sleep regulation after reduction of brain serotonin: effect of p-chlorophenylalanine combined with sleep deprivation in the rat. | sleep was recorded in the rat after combined treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (pcpa; 300 mg/kg) and 24-h sleep deprivation (sd) and then compared with sleep recorded after either treatment alone. pcpa alone reduced total sleep (ts), rapid eye movement sleep (rems) per ts, as well as the power density of the eeg delta band (1.25-4.00 hz) of non-rem sleep (nrems). sd enhanced these sleep parameters and reduced the frequency of wake episodes. the combined treatment with pcpa and sd reduced ts a ... | 1982 | 6213021 |
| [persistance of phase-coupling between the circadian rhythms of hypophyseal hormones in free-running rats]. | the circadian rhythms in plasma acth, tsh, lh and prl were explored in sighted or blind, spayed and estrogen-implanted rats. a marked endogenous circadian rhythmicity was shown to persist in the blind animals for the 4 endocrine rhythms. the endogenous rhythms also kept very close reciprocal phase relationship as in the synchronized state, and they were peaking almost simultaneously, after 60 d. of free-running. finally the endogenous hormonal rhythm maintained their usual phase relationships wi ... | 1983 | 6303526 |
| food intake and peripheral factors after recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia. | rats increased food intake after plasma glucose returned to normal in the wake of an insulin-induced hypoglycemic episode. whereas increased eating 6-8 h after insulin occurred only when plasma glucose levels fell below 70 mg/dl, intakes were not related to the degree of prior hypoglycemia. administration of glucose in the first 3 h after insulin prevented increased eating, whereas glucose given 4-6 h after insulin was less effective. intravenous infusions of fructose given in the first 3 h afte ... | 1983 | 6338746 |
| the potential use of gaba agonists in psychiatric disorders: evidence from studies with progabide in animal models and clinical trials. | progabide, a new antiepileptic gaba agonist of moderate affinity for gaba receptors, has been studied in a number of psychiatric disorders and the results compared with the action of this drug in animal models. in an animal model for anxiety (the aversive response to periaqueductal grey stimulation in the rat) progabide had a similar action to that of diazepam. however in clinical trials to date the effect of the gaba agonist was inferior to that of benzodiazepines. as progabide diminishes both ... | 1983 | 6351106 |
| suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions eliminate circadian temperature and sleep rhythms in the rat. | we conducted a long-term study of the circadian rhythms of temperature and sleep in the rat after lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn). brain temperature was measured with thermistors and sleep-wake was scored on the basis of continuously recorded eeg using a computerized system. rats with complete scn lesions did not exhibit circadian rhythms in constant dim illumination. rats with partial scn lesions generated weak and variable free-running rhythms, and when exposed to a light-dark cycl ... | 1984 | 6463124 |
| acidification of interstitial fluid in hippocampal formation caused by seizures and by spreading depression. | changes in the ph of interstitial fluid were measured with h+-selective double-barreled micropipette electrodes in fascia dentata of urethane-anesthetized rats. paroxysmal afterdischarges provoked by repetitive stimulation of an afferent fiber tract brought in their wake acidification by 0.07 to 0.2 ph units. spreading depression caused acidification by 0.2-0.5 ph units. acid shifts were often preceded by transient alkalinization. acidification is attributed to the production of co2 and of other ... | 1984 | 6488041 |
| the distribution of hypoglycemic brain damage. | rats were exposed to insulin-induced hypoglycemia resulting in periods of cerebral isoelectricity ranging from 10 to 60 min. after recovery with glucose, they were allowed to wake up and survive for 1 week. control rats were recovered at the stage of eeg slowing. after sub-serial sectioning, the number and distribution of dying neurons was assessed in each brain region. acid fuchsin was found to stain moribund neurons a brilliant red. brains from control rats showed no dying neurons. from 10 to ... | 1984 | 6496035 |
| hypoglycemic brain injury in the rat. correlation of density of brain damage with the eeg isoelectric time: a quantitative study. | thirty-eight male wistar rats were exposed to insulin-induced hypoglycemia resulting in periods of cerebral isoelectricity ranging from 10 to 60 min. plasma glucose levels during cerebral isoelectricity ranged from 0.12 mm to 1.36 mm. control rats were injected with insulin, but hypoglycemia was terminated with glucose at the stage of large delta-wave eeg slowing. after recovery, the rats were allowed to wake up and survive for 1 wk. the number of dying neurons was assessed with acid-fuchsin/cre ... | 1984 | 6500189 |
| effects of methoxamine and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine, on the sleep-wake cycle of the rat. | a study was carried out on the effects of methoxamine, prazosin, and yohimbine on the sleep-wake cycle in rats prepared for chronic sleep recordings. methoxamine (4-8 mg/kg), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, induced a dose-related increase in wakefulness (w) and a decrease in slow-wave sleep (sws) and rem sleep (rems). prazosin (0.125-1 mg/kg), which selectively blocks alpha 1-adrenoceptors, modified only slightly the amount of time spent in w and sws, and consistently decreased rems values. pra ... | 1984 | 6515252 |
| an eeg averaging technique for automated sleep-wake stage identification in the rat. | an automated on-line sleep-wake classification system based on an averaging technique of the running eeg is described. it operates for three rats simultaneously and is able to discriminate every 5 sec between wakefulness, light slow-wave sleep, deep slow-wave sleep, and paradoxical sleep. the hippocampal eeg and nuchal emg are used as input parameters. the eeg is bandpass filtered after which a microcomputer samples and averages the filtered eeg and constructs spectrograms. the variability, the ... | 1984 | 6522504 |
| regional metabolic activity in the rat brain during sleep-wake activity. | [14c]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography was used to demonstrate regional metabolic activity in the rat brain during wake, slow-wave sleep (sws), and rem sleep. data are expressed as values of relative metabolic activity (rma, regional optic density/mean brain optic density), which show the level of metabolic activity in a region, relative to the mean level of the brain. regions exhibiting obviously decreased rma during sws include the cerebellum, cortical layer iv, and most of the thalamus, includin ... | 1983 | 6622878 |
| circadian temperature and wake rhythms of rats exposed to prolonged continuous illumination. | the purpose of this study was to simultaneously measure temperature and sleep in the rat under continuous illumination in an attempt to reveal properties of the underlying circadian oscillators. at first, the circadian rhythms of temperature and wake free-ran in parallel. within weeks or months, circadian arrhythmicity developed in most animals. both circadian rhythms eventually damped out, even at fairly low light intensities. the circadian rhythm of wake was weaker and disintegrated sooner tha ... | 1983 | 6657763 |
| changes in the rat sleep-wake cycle produced by dl-6-fluorotryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase. | dl-6-fluorotryptophan (6-ft), a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, produced a transient disruption of sleep in rats chronically implanted with eeg recording electrodes. in the 4 h period following the administration of 6-ft (120 mg/kg) awake time was increased, paradoxical sleep time was decreased and slow-wave sleep remained unchanged. these sleep changes were accompanied by significant reductions in brain 5-ht levels. l-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) co-administration with 6-ft prevented ... | 1981 | 6794085 |
| effect of ambient temperature on the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle in normal and capsaicin-treated rats. | the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle of untreated, normal rats and of capsaicin-treated rats was continuously recorded by telemetry. recordings were made on two baseline days at 22 degrees c, two days at 29 degrees c, and two final days at 22 degrees c. in untreated animals the daily amount of waking was reduced by the elevated ambient temperature and nonrem sleep was enhanced. this effect was mainly due to the frequent interruption of the dark-time waking episodes by sleep. in capsaicin-treated animals ... | 1983 | 6867140 |
| catecholamines and the sleep-wake cycle. i. eeg and behavioral arousal. | the exact role of catecholamines (ca) on the sleep-wake cycle is still controversial. critical analysis of lesion studies tends to suggest a neuromodulatory role for both dopamine (da) and norepinephrine (ne) on eeg and behavioral arousal. support for this view is provided by pharmacological studies in which catecholaminergic systems are activated or inhibited. taken together they show that disturbances in the dynamic balance between neurochemical systems may alter the conditions for wake-trigge ... | 1982 | 7045557 |
| sleep-wake patterns of intact and carotid sinus nerve sectioned rats during hypoxia. | six male rats breathed 21 an 10% o2 before and after carotid sinus nerve (csn) section. polygraphic recording techniques were used to monitor sleep and wakefulness. the effects that these gas mixtures had on the rats' sleep-wake pattern (swp) were studied. the swp of csn sectioned rats breathing 21% o2 was unchanged compared with that of intact rats. while breathing 10% o2, the intact rats' swp was altered dramatically. paradoxical sleep (ps) was absent on the first day's exposure to hypoxia. af ... | 1982 | 7071446 |
| effect of light deprivation on sleep in the rat. | the sleep-wake cycles of 24- and 30-day-old rats reared in darkness from 48 hr after bith (e) were polygraphically recorded in 3 3-hour sessions (0900-1200 hr; 1230-1530 hr; 1600-1900 hr) and compared to normally reared controls (c). the total amount of paradoxical sleep (ps) over the 3 3-hr sessions of the light-deprived rats (e24 and e30) was significantly less than in the controls (c24, and c30). the distribution of ps over the 3 sessions was different for the control groups: c24 showed a sig ... | 1982 | 7079359 |
| control of sleep-wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother-infant relationship. | a series of experiments in 2 strains of wistar rats explored which aspects of maternal separation were responsible for the sleep disturbance of the young. neither their own mother, after mammary duct ligation, nor constant intragastric infusion of nutrient during the day of separation were found to ameliorate significantly the changes in sleep-wake state organization. however, a periodic nutrient delivery schedule and a formula closely resembling rat milk each ameliorated, and together entirely ... | 1982 | 7095289 |
| persistent oligemia of rat cerebral cortex in the wake of spreading depression. | cerebral blood flow during and after spreading depression (sd) was studied in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography. the rise of cortical blood flow during sd was followed by 20 to 25% reduction below normal after sd, lasting at least an hour. blood flow in th putamen, thalamus, and hippocampus did not change at any time during or after sd. previous measurements of cerebral blood flow in humans showed that migraine attacks may be accompanied by wavelike spreading oligemia (olesen et al, 1981 ... | 1982 | 7181451 |
| [ethanol elimination in rats with different levels of alcoholic motivation]. | it has been established during intraperitoneal and oral administration of ethanol to white rats in a test dose of 1 g/kg that in the animals with high alcoholism motivation, the rate of alcohol elimination from blood is fairly high, while the species with low alcoholic motivation are marked by a slower ethanol elimination. in rats with high alcohol motivation, the time of ethanol anesthesia significantly exceeds that in the animals with low alcoholic motivation. the blood levels of ethanol at th ... | 1981 | 7196344 |
| phasic influences during rem sleep upon dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus unit activity in the rat. | the single unit activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus cells was recorded in freely moving, unanesthetized albino rats and studied in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and the occurrence of rem sleep ponto-geniculo-occipital (pgo) waves. spontaneous mean discharge rates are shown to be significantly related to sleep-wake stages, and 70 percent of the units demonstrate a temporal relationship with hindbrain pgo waves. these data are consistent with the existence of a phasic event system in ... | 1981 | 7284786 |
| slow potential changes in experimental neocortical propagated foci. | during and following interhemispheric stimulation (hs), characteristic negative slow potential changes (nspcs) appeared which coincided with defined patterns of epileptic phasic field potentials (pfps). stimulus time-locked, high-amplitude, interhemispheric responses (ihrs), interictal and ictal patterns were accompanied by typical moderate nspcs. in the wake of the latter, giant nspcs occurred, concurrent with van harrevelds convulsions and/or either total or partial spreading, or local depress ... | 1981 | 7290534 |
| cross-species invariance in state-related motility patterns. | each of the sleep and wake states of animals are characterized by specific patterns of behavioral, motoric, and electrophysiological activity. sleep-wake behavior of rats, rabbits, and human infants (3 of each species) was observed, and, at the same time, a single-channel analog recording was obtained of the motoric activity. a judge who had extensive experience in observing sleep-wake behaviors of human infants, but who was unfamiliar with these behaviors in nonhuman species, scored the analog ... | 1981 | 7304774 |
| effects of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the rat. | 1 a study was carried out in rats (prepared for chronic sleep recording) of the effects of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wakefulness cycle.2 in addition, the actions of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wake cycle were assessed after pretreatment with drugs interfering with central catecholamine mechanisms or facilitating central gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) activity.3 oxolinic acid (8-32 mg/kg) induced a significant and dose-related increase of waking eeg, while slow wave and rem sleep were decreased.4 ... | 1981 | 7317689 |
| internal temperature variations during the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | this study attempted to explain the variations of internal (brain and subcutaneous) temperature in the rat as a function of sleeping and waking. temperature variations in cerebellum and hypothalamus were related to the changes in local cerebral blood flow (cbf) measured chronically with a thermal clearance method. cbf was stable and at a high level during slow wave sleep (sws), decreased at the beginning of each wake (w) and paradoxical sleep (ps) phase, but tended to overshoot at the end of the ... | 1980 | 7395196 |
| behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal ca1 region of the rat. ii. effect of eserine, atropine, ether and pentobarbital. | the correlations of the rat's behaviors and the hippocampal eeg with the averaged evoked potentials (aeps) evoked by the schaffer collaterals in the hippocampal ca1 region of the rat were studied after intraperitoneal injections of several drugs known to affect hippocampal eeg. ether and eserine induced continuous train of rhythmical slow activity (rsa) of 5-6/sec in the hippocampal eeg, during which the aeps showed waveforms intermediate between those elicited during large irregular activity (l ... | 1980 | 7407578 |
| promotion of sleep by heat in young rats. | the aim of the experiments was to study the effects of a moderate heat load on sleep in young (26-day-old) rats and to determine whether the sleep-promoting effect of heat results from stimulation of the homeostatic sleep process. the changes in sleep-wake activity, electroencephalogram slow wave activity (swa) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) and cortical temperature (tcrt) were determined during and after long (24-h) and short (2.5-h) heat loads (elevation of ambient temperature fro ... | 1995 | 7478925 |
| changes in the serotonergic system during the sleep-wake cycle: simultaneous polygraphic and voltammetric recordings in hypothalamus using a telemetry system. | changes in the serotonergic system in the posterior hypothalamus of freely moving rats were related to sleep and wakefulness using in vivo voltammetry (with carbon fiber microelectrodes) and polygraphic recordings. by using an optoelectronic telemetry system for the voltammetric signals, electrical cross-talk between the two settings was avoided and simultaneous neurochemical and electro-physiological recordings could be made so that a detailed time course of events could be obtained. extracellu ... | 1994 | 7512239 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis inhibits rat sleep. | previous findings indicate that nitric oxide (no) may play a role in the regulation of sleep-wake activity. in rabbits, blocking the production of endogenous no by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, n omega-nitro-l-arginine (l-name) suppresses spontaneous sleep and interferes the somnogenic actions of interleukin 1. in the present experiments we extended our earlier work by studying the long-term effects of l-name treatment on sleep-wake activity including power spectra analyses of the electroen ... | 1994 | 7534601 |
| alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of sleep: time-of-day-dependent pharmacodynamic profiles of dexmedetomidine and clonidine in the rat. | alpha adrenergic agonists such as clonidine are widely used for their antihypertensor effects, but they also cause sedation. the mechanisms underlying soporific effects of such compounds are poorly understood, but appear to involve the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor sub-type. to further investigate the role of this receptor in sleep-wake regulation, rats received injections i.p. either during their peak of activity (circadian time ct-18: 6 hr after lights out) or near the mid-point of their sleep-d ... | 1995 | 7562559 |
| strain difference in early postnatal sleep-wake behaviour between alko alcohol and wistar rats. | early postnatal sleep-wake behaviour of male and female rats of alko alcohol and wistar strain was studied using a static charge sensitive mattress when the rats were aged 1 and 2 weeks postnatally. in both strains and sexes, waking time relative to total recording time increased, proportion of quiet state did not change, and that of active sleep decreased during the second postnatal week. the number of long active sleep stages relative to short active sleep stages and the duration of sleep-wake ... | 1995 | 7572205 |
| camp accumulation in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, pineal gland and brown fat across the wake-sleep cycle of the rat exposed to different ambient temperatures. | the concentration of adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (camp) was determined in the anteroventro-medial hypothalamus, the cerebral cortex, the pineal gland and the interscapular brown adipose tissue, during the different stages of the wake-sleep cycle of rats kept, under a 12-12-h light-dark cycle, in different environmental conditions, i.e., control (47-52 h at ambient temperature (ta) 23 +/- 0.5 degrees c), exposure (47-52 h at ta 0 +/- 1 degree c) and recovery (1-4 h at ta 23 degrees c aft ... | 1995 | 7583204 |
| awakening properties of modafinil without paradoxical sleep rebound: comparative study with amphetamine in the rat. | we have studied the effect of modafinil and amphetamine, two waking drugs, on the sleep-wake cycle of sprague-dawley rat. both modafinil (64 or 128 mg/kg) and amphetamine (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) cause a dose dependent increase in wakefulness. however, amphetamine wakefulness is followed by a paradoxical sleep rebound on the injection day, whereas modafinil does not produce this effect. in modafinil-treated rats, the sleep pattern on the post-injection day is similar to that of controls, while that of a ... | 1995 | 7603622 |
| sleep fragmentation, and changes in locomotor activity and body temperature in trypanosome-infected rats. | the rest-activity and body temperature 24 h cycles, as well as the structure of spontaneous sleep, were studied in rats 3 weeks after infection with monomorphic trypanosoma brucei brucei. this parasite belongs to the species of trypanosomes that causes in humans african sleeping sickness, a neuropsychiatric syndrome that involves alterations of endogenous biological rhythms. in the infected rats, entrained to a 12 h:12 h photoperiod, a considerable hypokinesia was detected during the hours of da ... | 1995 | 7606487 |
| a novel apparatus that permits multiple routes for infusions and body-fluid collections in a freely-moving animal. | a novel apparatus is described for simultaneous performance of multi-channel infusions/body-fluid collections and multichannel electrical recordings/stimulations in a freely behaving animals. this apparatus consists of a cylindrical cage and other devices described below. electrical contacts are achieved via a slip-ring commutator. a rotation detector detects the turning of the animal in the cage, and a controller rotates the floor under the animal in the opposite direction by means of a steppin ... | 1995 | 7609577 |
| growth-hormone-releasing hormone mediates the sleep-promoting activity of interleukin-1 in rats. | the involvement of endogenous growth-hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) in the sleep-promoting activity of interleukin-1 (il1) was studied. the effects on sleep of intracerebroventricular injection of il1 were tested in rats pretreated with intracerebroventricular antibodies to ghrh (ghrh-ab). one group of rats received two treatments each consisting of two injections, control igg + physiological saline (igg + sal) and on another day ghrh-ab + sal, whereas another group of rats received igg + sal, ... | 1995 | 7617134 |
| sleep deprivation and spike-wave discharges in epileptic rats. | the effects of sleep deprivation were studied on the occurrence of spike-wave discharges in the electroencephalogram of rats of the epileptic wag/rij strain, a model for absence epilepsy. this was done before, during and after a period of 12 hours of near total sleep deprivation. a substantial increase in the number of spike-wave discharges was found during the first 4 hours of the deprivation period, whereas in the following deprivation hours epileptic activity returned to baseline values. imme ... | 1995 | 7618023 |
| a middle-latency auditory-evoked potential in the rat. | previous studies have established the presence of a middle-latency auditory-evoked potential that is characterized by a) sleep-state dependence, b) low following frequency (i.e., rapid habituation to repetitive stimulation), and c) blockade by the cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine. a vertex-recorded evoked potential having these characteristics was described in humans at a 50-80 ms latency (termed the p1 or.p50 potential) and in the cat at a 20-25 ms latency (termed wave a). these studies were ... | 1995 | 7627567 |
| auditory input to the pedunculopontine nucleus: i. evoked potentials. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) has been implicated in sleep-wake control, arousal responses, and motor functions. the ppn also has been implicated in the generation of the p1 middle-latency auditory-evoked potential. the present study was undertaken to determine the topographical distribution, threshold, and response properties of depth-recorded potentials following auditory click stimulation. experiments were conducted in both decerebrate cat and rat, with a view towards determining the pre ... | 1995 | 7627568 |
| auditory input to the pedunculopontine nucleus: ii. unit responses. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) has been implicated in sleep-wake control, arousal responses, and motor functions. the ppn also has been implicated in the generation of the p1 middle-latency auditory-evoked potential. the present study was undertaken to determine the nature of the responsiveness of single neurons in and around the ppn following auditory stimulation. somatosensory responsiveness also was tested in some cells. these results demonstrate a) the presence of a significant proportio ... | 1995 | 7627569 |
| circadian variations of adenosine and of its metabolism. could adenosine be a molecular oscillator for circadian rhythms? | the present review describes the biological implications of the periodic changes of adenosine concentrations in different tissues of the rat. adenosine is a purine molecule that could have been formed in the prebiotic chemical evolution and has been preserved. the rhythmicity of this molecule, as well as its metabolism and even the presence of specific receptors, suggests a regulatory role in eukaryotic cells and in multicellular organisms. adenosine may be considered a chemical messenger and it ... | 1995 | 7648513 |
| effects of intravenously administered vitamin b12 on sleep in the rat. | vitamin b12 (vb12) has been reported to normalize the entrainment of circadian rhythms in the non-24-h sleep wake cycle and delayed sleep phase insomnia in humans. the purpose of this work was to clarify whether the peripheral administration of vb12 has any sleep-promoting effect on the sleep-wake rhythm in freely moving rats. after a baseline day of saline infusion. vb12 (500 micrograms/kg/day) was administered continuously for 4 days via the jugular vein. polysomnographic recordings were carri ... | 1995 | 7652019 |
| stimulation of cholinergic receptors in the medial preoptic area affects sleep and cortical temperature. | the medial preoptic area (mpa), a cholinoceptive brain area devoid of cholinergic cells, plays an important role in the regulation of different physiological functions, particularly sleep control and thermoregulation. to investigate the effects of the stimulation of cholinergic receptors in this area on sleep and cortical temperature (tcort), carbachol (a mixed cholinergic agonist) was directly microinjected into the mpa of freely moving rats. carbachol (0.25 and 0.5 microgram, corresponding to ... | 1995 | 7653650 |
| effects of sertindole on sleep-wake states, electroencephalogram, behavioral patterns, and epileptic activity of rats. | in this study we addressed the effects of the 5-ht2 receptor antagonist sertindole in rats. the compound was administered in doses of 0.08, 0.32, and 1.28 mg/kg, whereas a control group received the solvent. the effects of sertindole on sleep-wake states, behavioral patterns, and background electroencephalogram were studied. following injection of drug or solvent, we recorded the electroencephalogram and electromyogram for two periods of 4 h in the dark period of the light-dark cycle on 2 succes ... | 1995 | 7667352 |
| circadian rhythm in the retinal pigment epithelium related to vitamin b12. | the wake-sleep rhythm is a typical circadian rhythm. it has been reported that severely disturbed wake-sleep rhythms are improved by the administration of vitamin b12. this study was designed to clarify whether vitamin b12 is universally related to the circadian rhythm. three-week-old male wistar kyoto rats were fed a vitamin b12 deficient diet for 3 months. then some of them were given intraperitoneal injections of vitamin b12. we counted phagocytized lamellar structures in the retinal pigment ... | 1995 | 7674823 |
| differential effects of midazolam and zolpidem on sleep-wake states and epileptic activity in wag/rij rats. | hypnotic drugs are known to possess antiepileptic activity. therefore, the effects of the benzodiazepine hypnotic midazolam (10 mg/kg) and the novel imidazopyridine hypnotic zolpidem (10 mg/kg) on sleep-wake states and on the number of spike-wave discharges were evaluated in wag/rij rats. rats of this strain are considered to be a model for generalized absence epilepsy. animals were implanted with chronic monopolar eeg electrodes and, after recovery from surgery, the eeg was recorded for 6 h dur ... | 1995 | 7675828 |
| dual projections of single cholinergic and aminergic brainstem neurons to the thalamus and basal forebrain in the rat. | compelling evidence indicates that cholinergic basal forebrain neurons are strongly activated during waking, and concurrently thalamic spindle activity is suppressed and thalamocortical sensory transmission is facilitated. both thalamus and basal forebrain are known to receive projections from brainstem cholinergic and aminergic neuronal pools that are involved in wake/sleep regulation. the present study addressed the question of whether single cholinergic and aminergic neurons contributed to bo ... | 1993 | 7681346 |
| promotion of sleep by prostaglandin d2 in rats made insomniac by pretreatment with para-chlorophenylalanine. | the correlation between the somnogenic effect of prostaglandin (pg) d2 and the serotoninergic system was examined in freely-moving rats (n = 64) by use of a continuous infusion method. rats pretreated with para-chlorophenylalanine (pcpa: 450 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or non-pcpa-pretreated rats received infusion of pgd2, serotonin, or its direct precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5htp), into their third cerebral ventricle at a rate of 100 pmol/0.2 microliter/min between 11:00 and 17:00 h. in the pcp ... | 1994 | 7708292 |
| sleep, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine functions in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. | the justification for disordered chronobiology for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is based on the following evidence: the studies on disordered sleep physiology and the symptoms of fibromyalgia and cfs; the experimental studies that draw a link between interleukin-1 (il-1), immune-neuroendocrine-thermal systems and the sleep-wake cycle; studies and preliminary data of the inter-relationships of sleep-wakefulness, il-1, and aspects of peripheral immune and neuroendocrine function ... | 1995 | 7795892 |
| effects of acute and chronic treatment with trazodone, an antidepressant, on the sleep-wake activity in rats. | rats were treated with trazodone (2.5 or 10 mg kg-1) twice a day (at light and dark onset) for 11 days, after chronic injection of physiological saline. the sleep-wake activity was recorded for 24 h on the baseline day (saline), on trazodone days 1, 5 and 11, and also on day 12, when physiological saline was injected again (withdrawal day). trazodone administration increased non-rem sleep. the enhancement of non-rem sleep was dose-related and more pronounced during the dark cycle. the promotion ... | 1994 | 7816739 |
| intraventricular administration of a fiv-envelope protein induces sleep architecture changes in rats. | fifteen adult male sprague-dawley rats were implanted with a set of electrodes for standard sleep recordings. a stainless steel cannula was also implanted into the lateral ventricle of these rats. fifteen additional rats were implanted with a cannula alone. rats with electrodes were habituated for 3 days or more to the recording environment, then placed into 3 groups (n = 5). one group received saline (i.c.v.), while the other two groups received either the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope ... | 1994 | 7820670 |
| pharmacology of ethanol and glutamate antagonists on rodent sleep: a comparative study. | twenty-five sprague-dawley rats were implanted with electrodes for standard sleep-wake cycle recordings. a guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the lateral ventricle. rats were divided into five groups (n = 5) and challenged with an intraventricular administration of 10 microliters of a 5 nm solution of either: ethanol (etoh), mk-801, ap5 (noncompetitive and competitive nmda receptor antagonists, respectively), cnqx (ampa receptor antagonist), or saline. rats were recorded polygraphi ... | 1994 | 7824558 |
| sleep-wake variables and eeg power spectra in mongolian gerbils and wistar rats. | using electroencephalographic methods (eeg), we have analyzed the basal sleep structure and the eeg power spectra of gerbils and rats during periods of wakefulness (w), synchronized sleep (ss) and paradoxical sleep (ps). during the 6 hr light period examined, duration of sleep was similar for rats and gerbils, but gerbils showed fewer ps episodes and a longer amount of ss episodes followed by wakefulness. in addition, ss episodes preceding ps were of longer duration in gerbils than in rats. eeg ... | 1994 | 7824598 |
| response of the sleep-wake rhythm to an 8-hour advance of the light-dark cycle in the rat. | we have studied the effects of an 8-h advance of the environmental light-dark (ld) cycle on the sleep-wake rhythm in the rat. electroencephalograms and electromyograms were recorded simultaneously on chart paper through a two-channel telemetry system for 3 days before phase shift (baseline) and 8 days during and after phase shift. phase advance of the ld cycle led to an increase in both non-rapid eye movement (nrem) and rem sleep. the amount of nrem sleep in the light period correlated positivel ... | 1994 | 7828212 |
| the evolution of a rat model of chronic spontaneous limbic seizures. | the evolution of untreated partial epilepsy is unknown. this study uses a newly developed model of chronic limbic epilepsy to determine whether seizures inexorably worsen in duration, frequency and behavioral accompaniment. the seizures begin following an episode of limbic status epilepticus induced by continuous electrical stimulation of the hippocampus, and they persist for more than a year (longest duration followed). we monitored 10 rats continuously with combined eeg and closed circuit tele ... | 1994 | 7834366 |
| toxicology and seafood toxins: domoic acid. | marine and terrestrial food sources are susceptible to contamination by various industrial chemicals and microbial pathogens. both types of hazard are amenable to regulatory assessment using a single toxicology data base, along with some knowledge of contaminant levels and consumption figures for food. on the other hand, regulatory problems persist with acutely toxic naturally occurring phycotoxins, which may accumulate unpredictably to toxic levels in seafood. however, a scarce supply of pure t ... | 1994 | 7866671 |
| sleep-wake disturbances in an animal model of chronic cholinergic insufficiency. | rats reared on a diet in which choline is replaced with n-aminodeanol (nade), undergo > 50% replacement of brain acetylcholine with acetylated nade, a false cholinergic transmitter. we examined amounts of sleep and wakefulness in 7 littermate pairs of rats fed either nade-substituted, or a choline control diet for > 100 days after weaning. during the lights-on portion of the 12/12 h light/dark cycle, nade rats spent more time awake, and less time in both non-rem and rem sleep compared to litterm ... | 1993 | 7904530 |