| a rapid and quantitative assay of phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption by leukocytes in whole blood. | we have devised a simple method for quantitative assay of the phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption by human peripheral leukocytes. time-consuming and leukocyte-debilitating cell fractionation procedure is avoided by the use of whole blood as assay material. heparinized venous blood was treated with co and put into a cuvette. a clark-type oxygen electrode was equipped to the cuvette. a decrease in oxygen concentration in the whole blood was induced by the addition of bacteria. the decrease w ... | 1978 | 347012 |
| genes for the hook-basal body proteins of the flagellar apparatus in escherichia coli. | of the more than 30 genes required for flagellar function, 6 are located between pyrc and ptsg on the escherichia coli genetic man. this cluster of genes is called flagellar region i. four-point transductional crosses were used to establish the position and order of the region i flagellar genes with respect to the outside markers ptsg and pyrc. bacteriophage lambda-e. coli hybrids that contained most of the genes necessary for flagellar formation were constructed. the properties of specific hybr ... | 1978 | 350831 |
| [human somatostatin synthesized by e. coli]. | | 1978 | 351431 |
| escherichia coli and diarrhoea in the rabbit. | an outbreak of severe diarrhoea and death in young rabbits was associated with many nonenterotoxigenic escherichia coli in the caecum. the severe clinical, pathological and bacteriological features of the diesase, acute diarrhoea associated with typhlitis and many e. coli in the caecum, could be reproduced either by the intraintestinal inoculation of many bacteria recovered aerobically or anaerobically from the caecum of these rabbits or by the intestinal inoculation of large numbers of a serogr ... | 1978 | 351924 |
| the effect of tetracycline upon the spread of bacterial resistance from calves to man. | | 1978 | 353020 |
| the relationship between bacterial endotoxin and human b cell-activating factor. | | 1978 | 353197 |
| new rulebook for gene splicers faces one more test. | | 1978 | 353985 |
| escherichia coli infection in mice and impaired fetal development. | investigations were undertaken, using the mouse as an animal model, to study the effect of escherichia coli on fetal development. the i.v. injection of 7.5 x 10(6) bacteria, originally obtained from a suspected case of human pyelonephritis, caused only a mild and transient disturbance of maternal health but caused severe fetal wastage. groups of mice were examined 4, 7 and 11 days after infection and the numbers of organisms were determined in the spleen, liver, kidneys, placentas and resorption ... | 1978 | 354680 |
| [proliferative activity and bacteriostatic capacity of human alveolar macrophages (proceedings)]. | human alveolar macrophages were collected by bronchopulmonary lavage and their proliferation activity and bacteriostatic capacity determined in vitro. compared with blood monocytes the alveolar macrophages show a higher degree of differentiation with a very high bacteriostatic capacity and no proliferation acitivity. there were no major differences between alveolar macrophages from healthy individuals, heavy smokers and patients with bronchogenic cancer. | 1978 | 358389 |
| phagocytosis of 32p-labelled e. coli by human polymorphonuclear cells (pmn). adaptation of a method. | a system for the study of phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear cells (pmn) is presented. the leucocytes are harvested from heparinized whole blood by the bøyum method and transferred to glass tubes to yield glass adherent monolayers of leucocytes, approximately 80% of which were pmn. a strain of e. coli labelled by 32p served as test organism. | 1978 | 358745 |
| use of leucocyte migration under agarose to study spontaneous and directed locomotion of leucocytes. | three different cell attractants, together with the parallel use of the leucocyte migration agarose test (lmat) and the leading front modification (lfm) of the boyden chamber technique, were employed in studying whether the maximal migration of normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) is higher toward an attractant (chemotaxis) than in the same attractant incorporated in the culture media (chemokinesis). using lmat, the maximal migration distance toward zymosan activated serum (zas) was ... | 1978 | 359465 |
| importance of local immunity in enteric infection. | evidence suggests that protection against intestinal infections is mediated by an immune system that is unique in many ways. the predominant intestinal immunoglobulin differs in structure, function, and site of origin from those immunoglobulins found in the blood-stream. cell-mediated intestinal immune responses also may arise separately from those of the rest of the body. further studies are necessary to characterize the local immune response to many human bacterial, viral, and protozoal pathog ... | 1978 | 359515 |
| the effect of methylmethacrylate on bacterial phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of methylmethacrylate were determined by in vitro techniques. it was found that methylmethacrylate in concentrations as low as 0.156 per cent significantly decreased the ability of leukocytes to phagocytose and kill strains of staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. the evidence indicates that methylmethacrylate impairs the killing more than the phagocytosis by the le ... | 1978 | 359561 |
| experiments on prevention of the endotoxin-abortifacient effect by radiodetoxified endotoxin pretreatment in rats. | endotoxemia has been induced in pregnant rats by intravenous injection of 1 mg escherichia coli endotoxin which resulted in intrauterine death and abortion of fetuses in 24 h. the abortifacient effect of endotoxin was prevented in 90% by 200 microgram radiodetoxified endotoxin, injected intravenously 24 h earlier. the authors suppose that the radiodetoxified endotoxin can be a good tool also in the prevention of human septic (endotoxin) shock in pregnancy. | 1978 | 361514 |
| surface structures of escherichia coli that produce diarrhea by a variety of enteropathic mechanisms. | strains of escherichia coli, mostly of human origin, were obtained from several different investigators who had isolated them from patients with diarrhea from many different parts of the world. the mechanisms by which these e. coli were thought to have caused diarrhea included: (i) synthesis of labile, stable, or shigella dysenteriae-like enterotoxins; (ii) invasion of the intestinal mucosa; and (iii) unknown. each strain was carefully examined for pili or flagella to correlate the presence or a ... | 1978 | 361579 |
| [recombinant dna studies, a controversial subject which is also promising from the point of view of veterinary medicine (author's transl)]. | the hereditary characters of organisms are bound up in the dna of their genomes. genetic information is expressed by a complicated mechanism. the process by which this occurs and the control of the degree of expression in bacteria and a number of the other lower organisms are known only in broad outline. there usually is no exchange of dna between organisms of unrelated species in nature. "foreign" dna can be linked to bacterial plasmid dna and multiplied in the laboratory as a recombinant dna m ... | 1978 | 362596 |
| superiority of human complement for assaying bacterial lipopolysaccharides by their anticomplementary activity. | in assaying bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) for anticomplementary activity, human complement (c) allowed detection of approximately 200 times smaller amounts of lps than guinea-pigs c. pig c was slightly inferior to human. | 1978 | 363447 |
| microscopic assay for the phagocytotic-collagenolytic performance (pcp index) of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. | using 16 human gingival fibroblasts cell lines from patients with periodontitis, dilantin hyperplasia, and nonpathological gingiva, a microscopic assay was developed to quantitate the cells' ability to lyse collagen substrates. the method employs tissue culture chambers with one cover slip partially coated with a thin layer of undenatured fibrillar bovine collagen. the assay measures the relative numbers and sizes of holes in the collagen within defined regions of the cover slips effected by the ... | 1978 | 363754 |
| human colostral cells: phagocytosis and killing of e. coli and c. albicans. | cells from human colostrum, collected from mothers within 48 hours of delivery, were examined for their capacity to phagocytose and kill eschericia coli and candida albicans. the phagocytic power of colostral cells was comparable to that of blood leukocytes from the same individuals. in contrast, the capacity of colostral cells to kill microorganisms was significantly less than that of blood leukocytes. preincubation of blood leukocytes with colostrum supernatant did not reduce phagocytic indice ... | 1978 | 363993 |
| potential toxicity of materials used for home insulation. | the two aqueous solutions used for production of residential home insulation by the so-called urea-formaldehyde process were tested for their ability to react with cellular macromolecules. one of the components (the catalyst-surfactant) changed the apparent molecular weight of isolated dna and increased its rate of attachment to bacterial and animal cells. the other component (the formaldehyde-urea resin) showed both these activities, especially following its exposure to mouse or rat liver extra ... | 1978 | 365512 |
| plasmid carriage and the serum sensitivity of enterobacteria. | the carriage of a range of plasmids by rough, serum-sensitive laboratory strains of escherichia coli made no difference to their reactivity in human serum as determined by two methods. plasmid-carrying enterobacteria isolated from polluted river water gave a variety of responses to serum. smooth e. coli river isolate c8 was killed by serum but only after a delay of 1 h, and curing of antibiotic resistance and colicin determinants from this strain led to a small but significant increase in serum ... | 1978 | 365738 |
| dna release as a direct measure of microbial killing by phagocytes. | a new assay for the precise measurement of microbial killing by leukocytes is presented. the method assumes that release of radioactively labeled dna from the microbe is direct evidence of cell death. human peripheral blood leukocytes incubated with [14c]thymidine-labeled salmonella typhimurium released 32 to 59% of the radioactivity after 4 h and 63 to 75% after 18 h. inactivated leukocytes released less than 5% of the radioactivity. none of the released radioactivity is retained within the leu ... | 1978 | 365741 |
| adherence of an enteropathogenic strain of escherichia coli to human intestinal mucosa is mediated by a colicinogenic conjugative plasmid. | the capacity of a human enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strain serotype o26:k60:h11, to adhere to the mucosa of the human fetal small intestine was shown to be plasmid mediated. adherence was transferred at a high frequency in a long-term conjugal mating experiment to e. coli k-12 and was lost by treatment of the epec strain with the curing agent ethidium bromide. analysis of radioactively labeled dna from lysates of the epec, transconjugant, and cured strains indicated that adherence w ... | 1978 | 365758 |
| [evaluation of bacteriological examinations of bathing-water from lakes in carinthia (author's transl)]. | the evaluation of the bacteriological examinations relates on 2330 water-samples, which were taken from 76 bathing-places of 23 carinthian lakes in the course of 11 years. the examinations were performed for the purpose of hygienic control. after a short supervision on the methods of examination and of sampling the base of judgement is discussed. a relation to the limnological classification of the lakes could be made from the hygienic point of view. in bathing lakes in the alpine region the exp ... | 1978 | 367009 |
| energy-related pollutants in the environment: use of short-term tests for mutagenicity in the isolation and identification of biohazards. | in an effort to gather information on the potential genetic hazards of existing or proposed energy-generating or -conversion systems, we have begun a correlated analytical and genetic analysis of a number of technologies. the work is divided into two phases: one deals with known compounds expected to occur in the environment through energy production, conversion, or use; the other deals with actual samples from existing or experimental processes. to approach the problems of coping with and testi ... | 1978 | 367762 |
| the pyrogenicity of the synthetic adjuvant muramyl dipeptide and two structural analogues. | the pyrogenic efect of the synthetic adjuvant n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine-d-isoglutamine, also known as muramyl dipeptide (mdp), was studied in rabbits. mdp induced biphasic fevers in rabbits, but two structural analogues, n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine-d-glutamic acid (mdpa) and the dimethylester of mdpa, were 10 times less pyrogenic. this finding was supported by studies in which mdp and its analogues released leukocytic pyrogen (lp) from rabbit phagocytic cells in vitro. in addition, mdp released lp ... | 1978 | 368262 |
| human milk anti-e. coli antibodies: relationship to maternal parity. | | 1979 | 369863 |
| adhesion of commensal bacteria to the large intestine wall in humans. | biopsies taken during colonoscopic examination of the human large bowel were used to examine the relationship of the commensal bacterial to the mucosal epithelial cell surface. bacteria were seen adhering to the exposed epithelial cell surface and also to the mucus sheet. isolation of aerobic organisms showed that escherichia coli are closely associated with the gut wall throughout the large intestine. one strain of e. coli predominated in each biopsy, and this strain was present along the whole ... | 1979 | 370006 |
| phagocytic resistance of escherichia coli k-1 isolates and relationship to virulence. | blood culture isolates from 133 episodes of escherichia coli bacteremia were typed for k-1 capsular antigen by immunodiffusion, utilizing equine antiserum raised against meningococcal group b polysaccharide. twenty-six percent (34 of 133) of these isolates were positive for k-1 antigen. these 133 strains, 34 k-1 and 99 non-k-1, were tested for susceptibility to phagocytosis. k-1 strains were found to be more resistant to clearance (27%) than non-k-1 strains (71%) when tested in an in vitro opson ... | 1978 | 370149 |
| the interaction of opsonins with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn). i. the influence of human complement (c) and igg on ingestion and digestion of c-resistant e. coli. | the influence of opsonization on ingestion and digestion of c-resistant e. coli was tested in a phagocytic system consisting of a monolayer of human pmn to which was added e. coli opsonized in different ways. at the end of the phagocytosis, noningested bacteria were separated and the monolayer was removed. the cells were then fractionated. the number of bacteria at different time intervals and the amount and distribution of lysosomal enzymes in the cell fractions were determined. it became appar ... | 1979 | 371171 |
| membrane receptors of human erythrocytes for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). | the binding specificity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated by inhibition experiments of the binding of 3h-labelled escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) and 3h-labelled salmonella minnesota r595 glycolipid and lipid a to human erythrocytes using various glycoproteins as inhibitors. pas-1 glycoprotein and band-3 glycoprotein of human erythrocyte membranes exerted strong inhibitory activity. to characterize membrane receptors for lps, solubilized membranes of human erythroc ... | 1978 | 374801 |
| inhibition of granulocyte chemotaxis by hemoglobin in experimental peritonitis. | we have shown in in vivo experiments that hemoglobin interferes with the attraction of polymorphonuclear granulocytes into the peritoneal cavity of rats in response to a bacterial inoculum and thus permits bacterial growth. these findings are proportional to the intraperitoneal concentration of hemoglobin. in in vitro experiments the chemotactic response of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes to zymosan activated serum as well as e. coli bacterial factor is inhibited by hemoglobin. while hemogl ... | 1977 | 376246 |
| map position of the replication terminus on the escherichia coli chromosome. | the directions of replication of several prophages integrated with a known orientation in the vicinity of the terminus (tre) of chromosome replication (trp::mu, min 27; lambda rev integrated within rac, min 31, man::mu, min 35), have been established by determining the molecular polarity of okazaki pieces specific to these prophages. the results obtained strongly suggest that the site tre is located between rac and man, an otherwise genetically silent region. | 1979 | 377025 |
| neuroactive drugs inhibit trypsin and outer membrane protein processing in escherichia coli k-12. | previous studies demonstrated that a cloned 2-megadalton (mdal) fragment of escherichia coli dna contained the structural gene for major outer membrane protein a (also known as 3b or m2 (40 kdal). the present study demonstrates that m2 is synthesized from a 42-kdal precursor that also is present in the outer membrane. the conversion of the 42-kdal precursor to m2 is inhibited by a number of different local anesthetics (procaine, piperocaine, lidocaine, cocaine), by the neuroactive drug atropine, ... | 1979 | 377291 |
| [enteritis due to escherichia coli o142 k86 h34 in a ward of premature infants. with a discussion on the problem of pathogenicity of "enteropathogenic serogroups of e. coli" (author's transl)]. | e. coli o142 k86 h34 has been isolated from stool specimens of five babies in a ward of premature infants. diarrheal stools were observed in two of them; one infant temporarily failed to gain weight, and the other developed a temporary loss of weight. smooth stools observed in the third baby as well as asymptomatic infections in two others did not affect their normal development. the outbreak lasted 15 days; the source of infection and the mode of transmission remained unknown. the pathogenesis ... | 1979 | 377855 |
| inhibition of a nuclease contaminant in the commercial preparations of escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. | | 1979 | 378024 |
| evidence for the involvement of human polymorphonuclear leucocyte mannose-like receptors in the phagocytosis of escherichia coli. | | 1979 | 385346 |
| direct expression in escherichia coli of a dna sequence coding for human growth hormone. | dna coding for human growth hormone was constructed by using chemically synthesised dna in conjunction with enzymatically prepared cdna. this 'hybrid' gene was expressed in escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. a polypeptide was produced having the size and immunological properties characteristic of mature human growth hormone. | 1979 | 386136 |
| colony stimulating activity in acute and chronic endotoxinemia in man. | blood granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (gm csf) was measured in 6 normal individuals challenged with low-dose endotoxin and in 63 unselected patients with nonhaematological disorders. 5/63 patients were febrile and 5 other patients whoed detectable endotoxin levels, as measured by the limulus assay. csa levels showed a rapid increase in normal individuals following endotoxin administration, but were in the normal range in patients with chronic endotoxinemia or in those with feb ... | 1979 | 387434 |
| requirements of immunoglobulin and the classical and alternative complement pathways for phagocytosis and intracellular killing of multiple strains of gram-negative aerobic bacilli. | the requirements for immunoglobulin and the alternative and classical complement pathways for phagocytosis and intracellular killing of clinical isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and serratia marcescens by normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined. human sera deficient in immunoglobulin or classical pathway activity, or both, were compared for their ability to promote phagocytosis os and killing of 13 bacterial strains by the polymorphonuclea ... | 1979 | 387613 |
| application of lal for detection of endotoxin in antibiotic preparations. | the limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) test has been investigated as an alternative method to the usp pyrogen test for the detection of endotoxin contamination in these antibiotic preparations: clindamycin phosphate, lincomycin hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, and spectinomycin hydrochloride. the antibiotic preparations were tested at the maximum concentrations that would not inhibit gelation of lal. the usp pyrogen test was also performed for comparison. the lal and the usp pyrogen tests correlated ... | 1979 | 388463 |
| microflora of the human small intestine. | the human small intestine is normally sterile in nearly one half of north american subjects. in this study the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were sterile in 82, 69, and 55 per cent of the cases, respectively. gram-positive cocci were the most frequent finding. e. coli, enterobacter, and klebsiella were present in the small bowel in nearly 7, 15, and 35 per cent of duodenal, jejunal, and ileal samples, respecatively. they were present in significant numbers (greater than 1 x 10(5)/ml) in the mid-j ... | 1979 | 389076 |
| secretory iga does not enhance the bacteriostatic effects of iron-binding or vitamin b12-binding proteins in human colostrum. | human milk contains an unsaturated iron-binding protein (lactoferrin) and an unsaturated vitamin b12-binding protein. lactoferrin has bacteriostatic properties, and a bacteriostatic role for the b12-binding protein has been postulated. in this study the bacteriostatic effect of lactoferrin was confirmed for strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas and proteus. growth inhibition attributable to the unsaturated b12-binding protein could be demonstrated only with a known vitamin b12-dependent e. co ... | 1979 | 389788 |
| the effect of trimethoprim-sulphonamide, trimethoprim and sulphonamide on the occurrence of resistant enterobacteriaceae in human intestinal flora. | after the administration of various antimicrobial agents for chemotherapeutic purposes a general change in the intestinal flora of the patient is often observed. in contrast, the combination trimethoprim-sulphonamide causes in most cases a strong selective decrease in the number of enterobacteriaceae organisms for treatment periods as long as four to 12 weeks. the results correspond to clinical experience with trimethoprim-sulphonamide therapy in urinary tract infection where reinfections with r ... | 1979 | 389808 |
| the occurrence of plasmids carrying genes for both enterotoxin production and drug resistance in escherichia coli of human origin. | twenty-three of 89 enterotoxigenic strains of escherichia coli were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. eleven strains transferred resistance directly and five transferred resistance after mobilization. in three cases a resistant recipient was enterotoxigenic. one of these strains contained a conjugative plasmid carrying genes for both drug resistance and enterotoxin production. in the two other strains genes for drug resistance and enterotoxin production were carried on separate co-t ... | 1979 | 390047 |
| bacterial contamination of expressed breast milk. | in a study of breast milk collected into sterile bottles rinsed in 1% hypochlorite solution the hypochlorite solution adherent to the sides of the bottles apparently caused a large reduction in bacterial contamination of the milk after storage at 4 degrees c for up to four hours. heating expressed breast milk at 62.5 degrees c for five minutes destroyed over 90% of the escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and group b beta-haemolytic streptococci inoculated into the milk samples. rinsing coll ... | 1979 | 391343 |
| detection of proteins like human gamma and beta globins in escherichia coli carrying recombinant dna plasmids. | escherichia coli strain chi 1776 carrying recombinant dna plasmids containing cdna copies of human beta or gamma globin mrnas has been shown by radioimmunoassay to synthesize polypeptides antigenically related to the beta and gamma chains of human hemoglobin. the gamma and beta polypeptides have been enriched from lysates on immunoabsorbent columns containing hemoglobin antibodies and shown to specifically inhibit the antigen-antibody binding between 125i-labeled hemoglobin and the homologous an ... | 1979 | 392508 |
| enhancement of leukocyte activity against escherichia coli after brief exposure to chloramphenicol. | the effect of brief exposure of escherichia coli to chloramphenicol on the antibacterial activity of normal human leukocytes was studied by following changes in viability of the bacteria in the presence of leukocytes and serum. growth was suppressed, and the extent of suppression was directly related to the period of exposure and the concentration of chloramphenicol. when exposed to clinically achievable levels of the drug for 10 min, e. coli failed to resume normal growth for 1 to 4 h in the pr ... | 1979 | 394672 |
| human gastrointestinal infections by yersinia enterocolitica. | in an average-sized peripheral hospital in belgium, y. enterocolitica has been isolated from 1.1% of stool cultures, using an unmodified routine technique. in a group of unselected patients undergoing appendicectomy, 1.3% of patients had a positive culture, either from the mesenteric lymph nodes or the appendix, or from both sources. in the same group of patients, 1.7% of cultures grew a salmonella. in more than half of the patients, the diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis was made during the surgi ... | 1979 | 394918 |
| use of human embryo lung fibroblasts to detect a heat labile toxin of escherichia coli from children. | in order to detect the heat labile toxin of escherichia coli human embryo lung fibroblast cells were seeded with whole cell lysate preparations of the organism to be tested. positive results consisted of growth inhibition and cytopathic change which were easily seen. heat-labile toxin was produced by strains belonging to the conventional epidemic serotypes of e. coli (eec) and by non-eec strains. toxin-producing organisms were detected in 20% of healthy children examined. the method is suitable ... | 1979 | 395170 |
| comparative bactericidal effect of ceforanide (bl-s 786) and five other cephalosporins in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. | the bactericidal activity of ceforanide was compared, in an in vitro kinetic model, with that of five other cephalosproins: cephalothin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin. cultures of various pathogens in 95% human serum were incubated for 12 hours in the presence of the cephalosporins whose concentrations were modified periodically-by addition of a concentrated solution of drug or dilution with unmedicated serum-in order to simulate the variation of antibiotic concentration in h ... | 1979 | 396292 |
| effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on adhesiveness of escherichia coli in vitro. | the adhesion of radiolabeled escherichia coli (strain ss142) to monolayers of intestine 407, a human epithelioid tissue culture cell line, was investigated. in this assay the adhesion of bacteria grown in the presence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline, clindamycin,, or trimethoprim-sulfametrole was reduced in a manner that was dose dependent. in contrast, at such concentrations nalidixic acid enhanced the adhesion of this bacterial strain, and other antibiotics-e.g., penici ... | 1979 | 396638 |
| hepatitis b virus genes and their expression in e. coli. | a composite dna sequence of regions of hepatitis b virus, determined from a series of recombinant plasmids, reveals the genes for the surface antigen and the core antigen of the virus. the sequence of the core antigen shows it to be a dna binding protein. the core antigen gene is expressed in escherichia coli and when injected into rabbits the bacterial product induces antibodies which react with core antigen isolated from human sources. | 1979 | 399329 |
| [immunological demonstration of large quantities of glycogen or of a glycogen-like substance in human embryonic colon cells and in colon carcinomas by means of rabbit antisera raised against a strain of escherichia coli 013]. | rabbit antisera raised against a strain of e. coli 013, with a strong antiglycogen activity, were tested on human fetal and normal adult colons, on colon carcinomas, and on colon tumor cells in culture (ht29). only very rare granules were present in adult normal colons when tested with the immunofluorescence method. in faetal colons, in 12 out of 14 carcinomas, and on ht29 cells, the immunofluorescent reactions were similar to those observed in normal liver. the reactions were negative after pre ... | 1977 | 402226 |
| enumeration and identification of human leukemic lymphocytes by their natural binding of bacteria. | the recently described property of bacteria to bind to human lymphocytes was used to distinguish between normal and chronic leukemic lymphocyte (cll) populations. strains of the following bacteria were used in this study: arizona hinshawii, escherichia coli strains 1 and 2, bacillus globigii, brucella melitensis, corynebacterium diphtheriae strains 1 and 2, corynebacterium xerosis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. for identification of immunoglobulin-bearing ... | 1977 | 404035 |
| antimicrobial systems of the surgical wound. ii. detection of antimicrobial protein in cell-free wound fluid. | human wound fluid contains heat-stable proteins with moderate antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, and different heat-labile proteins with antibacterial activity against e coli. blood serum also contains heat-labile antibacterial substances, but little heat-stable activity against staphylococcus aureus. both blood serum and wound fluid have bacteriostatic activity against s epidermidis, and early growth of streptococcus fecalis occurs in serum and wound flui ... | 1977 | 404931 |
| further studies on the susceptibility of serratia marcescens to the bactericidal activity of human serum. resistance of isolates against serum transferrin-mediated iron deprivation and chelation of cations by edta. | | 1977 | 409627 |
| chemotactic activity of l-forms and mycoplasma. | l-forms of streptococcus faecalis, escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis showed significantly less chemotactic activity for normal human leucocytes than did parent bacterial forms which were strongly chemotactic. mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma hominis did not demonstrate chemotactic activity. | 1977 | 414709 |
| neutralization of meningococcal endotoxin by antibody to core glycolipid. | antibodies to escherichia coli j5, a uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose epimerase-less mutant of e. coli 0111, neutralized meningococcal endotoxemia from all three major capsular serogroups. we chose the dermal necrosis of the local shwartzman phenomenon and the renal cortical necrosis of the general shwartzman phenomenon as assays because these are the hallmarks of meningococcemia, and because meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a uniquely potent cause of dermal purpura and necrosis. mening ... | 1978 | 418134 |
| enzymological characterization of dna polymerase alpha. basic catalytic properties processivity, and gap utilization of the homogeneous enzyme from human kb cells. | this report describes the results of our initial enzymological characterization of a homogeneous preparation of dna polymerase alpha that we have purified from cultured human kb cells. although the enzyme is most reactive with duplex dna substrates that contain short gaps (optimally activated) in incubations that require mg2+, the polymerase possesses the intrinsic capacity to copy the initiated ribohomopolymer template, (a)-n, (dt)-200, at low rates in the presence of mn2+. because of the prepo ... | 1979 | 447699 |
| localization of submembranous cations to the leading end of human neutrophils during chemotaxis. | potassium pyroantimonate was used to localize sites of bound cations in human neutrophils under conditions of random migration, stimulated random migration (chemokinesis), and directed migration (chemotaxis). the cells were placed in a standard chamber in which 0.45-micron micropore filters separated the cells from the stimulus (buffer, escherichia coli endotoxin-activated serum or the synthetic chemotactic peptide n-formyl-met-leu-phe). the small pore filters permitted pseudopod formation but i ... | 1979 | 479306 |
| the effectiveness of clinically useful antitumor agents as inhbitors of rna polymerases. | many clinically useful antitumor agents effective inhibitors of both the exogenous escherichia coli dna-dependent rna polymerases in vitro and the endogenous polymerase in mammalian cultured cells. the drug concentrations required for this inhibition are comparable to those achievable plasma levels in man for actinomycin d, adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, icrf 159, melphalan, methotrexate and vincristine. therefore before the mechanisms of these drugs can be fully understood inhibition of rna synthe ... | 1977 | 616320 |
| effect of chemoattractants on chemiluminescence. | upon ingestion of particulate matter, polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce a chemiluminescence that can be measured in a liquid scintillation counter. in the experiments reported here, the influence of three chemoattractants and three chemotactic modulators upon the chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan was studied. the chemoattractants investigated (including bacterial factor derived from escherichia coli, the simple peptide formylmethionylalanine, and activated human complement), whic ... | 1978 | 640731 |
| the critical role of iron in host-bacterial interactions. | the ability of potential pathogens to acquire iron in a host is an important determinant of both their virulence and the nature of the infection produced. virulent gram-negative bacteria are capable of acquiring sufficient iron from the host because their virulence (for chick embryos) is unaffected by exogenous iron. avirulent mutants which are apparently limited in their ability to acquire iron could be isolated from the virulent strains. the lethality of these mutants was significantly enhance ... | 1978 | 659605 |
| bactericidal capacity of phorbol myristate acetate-treated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | thus far, the functional capacity of phorbol myristate acetate- (pma)-treated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been undefined. pma induced exocytosis of lactoferrin, the specific granule marker, but not of myeloperoxidase, the azurophil granule marker. this phenomenon was demonstrated both biochemically and with fluorescent antibody conjugates. pma-treated neutrophils contained virtually no specific granules when viewed by electron microscopy. separation of the granule classes by linear su ... | 1978 | 730386 |
| stimulation of the release of a b cell-activating factor from human monocytes. | | 1976 | 764976 |
| passive oral immunization with bovine immunoglobulins: enterpathogenic escherichia coli from infants and bovine anti-e. coli lactoserum assayed in the rabbit ileal loop model. | the effect of immune bovine lactoserum (bls) antipolyvalent enteropathogenic escherichia coli on bacterial growth, viability and bacteria-induced fluid accumulation was examined in rabbit ileal loops. human enteropathogenic e. coli strains 0125:k70 (b15), 0111:k58 (b4) and 055:k59 (b5) (1-3 x 10(9) per inoculum) induced secretion of 4-6 ml fluid per 10 cm loop. this effect was inhibited effectively by bls (corresponding to 50 mg igg 1 per loop) while the viability of bacteria counts decreased 2- ... | 1975 | 765710 |
| location on the chromosome of escherichia coli of genes governing purine metabolism. adenosine deaminase (add), guanosine kinase (gsk) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hpt). | genes coding for enzymes functioning in purine salvage pathways have been located on the chromosome of escherichia coli. the gene add encoding adenosine deaminase was located by transduction at 31 min, the gene order was established to be man-uida-add-arod. a deletion covering man-uida-add was obtained. the gene gsk encoding guanosine kinase was cotransducible with pure and shown to be located at 13 min. the gene hpt encoding hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was cotransducible with tona in ... | 1975 | 765747 |
| theobromine and theophylline. | theobromine and theophylline have a limited therapeutic use and in addition they occur in plants used in the preparation of a number of widely consumed drinks. thus most of the population must be exposed to both compounds. chromosome abnormalities are caused by both theobromine and theophylline in plant cells and in mammalian cells in culture, and both have anti-mitotic activity. while they are fairly potent mutagens in escherichia coli and other lower organisms the rather scanty available evide ... | 1975 | 765793 |
| [yersinioses]. | the principal clinical syndromes caused by yersinia (y. pseudotuberculosis and y. enterocolitica) are described. it is likely that they are zoonoses transmitted to man by ingestion. fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea are the commonest symptoms, and patients are often operated upon for suspected appendicitis. the symptoms associated with these infections include arthralgia and erythema nodosum, particularly in adults. most cases are benign, but some may be severe. fortunately, however, many antib ... | 1976 | 766181 |
| diagnostic parameters in experimental renal infection. | urinary tract infections are commonly encountered in medical practice but their laboratory diagnosis presents many difficulties. in this study we have used experimental models to assess the value of serum antibody, urinary antibody, rheumatoid factor, and the histochemical examination of renal tissue as diagnostic parameters. under the conditions of the experiment the analyses did provide useful diagnostic information and may prove to be of value in the management of urinary tract infection in m ... | 1976 | 766779 |
| the pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy (chronic atrophic pyelonephritis). | the relationship between vesico-ureteric reflux and coarse renal scarring (atrophic pyelonephritis) has been studied in swine. scars were observed to develop where reflux took place into the kidney substance via the renal papillae (intrarenal reflux). they were confined to these regions and were similar in size, distribution and other features peculiar to those found in the human from early childhood onwards. intrarenal reflux was found to be related to the pressure within the urinary tract as ... | 1975 | 766885 |
| distribution of r plasmids among the q-antigen types of escherichia coli isolated from various clinical sources. | a total of 655 escherichia coli strains from various clinical sources were o-antigen typed, and the serological properties were correlated with r-plasmid carriage. of the 655 strains, 224 were resistant to one or more antibiotics and 148 of these carried r plasmids. the distribution of o-antigen types among the susceptible strains was similar to that reported previously by others in england. the o-antigen types among the r(+) strains showed some similarities to those found in susceptible strains ... | 1976 | 769666 |
| spread of antibiotic-resistant plasmids from chicken to chicken and from chicken to man. | | 1976 | 772441 |
| prevention of lethal pseudomonas bacteremia with epimerase-deficient e. coli antiserum. | all of these experiments demonstrate that despite many microbiologic differences between pseudomonas and the enteric rods, there is a close immunologic relationship between their endotoxin cores. these studies also show that by genetic manipulation we can unmask a protective antigen for preparing antiserum with a broad range of activity, even in the face of neutropenia. production of potent human j5 antiserum is a safe, simple procedure, making it possible to consider endotoxin core antibody tre ... | 1975 | 772922 |
| serum chemotactic inhibitory activity: heat activation of chemotactic inhibition. | serum chemotactic inhibitory activity (cia) was studied in 46 patients with various systemic diseases, using a system consisting of normal human leukocytes as indicator cells and 10% fresh normal serum as a control chemotactic attractant. it was shown, as previously reported, that an association exists between cia and skin test anergy. heat treatment of sera at 56 c for 30 min increased both the incidence and the degree of chemotactic inhibition observed in these patients. the effects of heat tr ... | 1976 | 773824 |
| enzyme-linked immunoassay: conjugation of the fab' fragment of rabbit igg with beta-d-galactosidase from e. coli and its use for immunoassay. | 1. a method for the conjugation of the fab' fragment of rabbit igg with beta-d-galactosidase from escherichia coli is described. the method consists of two main steps: treatment of the fab' fragments containing sulfhydryl groups with excess n,n'-o-phenylenedimaleimide, to introduce maleimide residues into the fragments, and then incubation of the dimaleimide-treated fab' fragments with beta-d-galactosidase, which also contains sulfhydryl groups, to form the rabbit fab'-beta-d-galactosidase compl ... | 1976 | 774986 |
| [occurrence and distribution of drug resistant enterobacteria in extra enteral habitats (author's transl)]. | in the period 1971-73 various extra enteral habitats have been examined for the occurrence of resistant e. coli. of 172 isolates of e. coli from retail butcher's meat products 9.9% were resistant and 3.5% r+ e. coli. of 203 isolates of e. coli from bakery products 7.9% were resistant and 3.5% r+ e. coli. of 52 isolates of e. coli from freshly killed carcases of chickens 40.4% contained weak non-transferable monoresistance against sulphonamides (table i). of 92 isolates of e. coli from seawater r ... | 1976 | 775430 |
| r factor-mediated polarized chromosomal transfer in escherichia coli c. | five transferable drug resistance factors (r factors) with the ability to bring about chromosomal transfer in escherichia coli c were investigated with respect to the direction and origin of chromosome transfer. they were found to constitute two groups, both with a clockwise direction of transfer. one group has its origin of transfer between arg and pro, and the other group has its origin of transfer between try and man on the e. coli c chromosome. with one r factor in particular, the rapid incr ... | 1976 | 776935 |
| tryptophanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of escherichia coli. character of required thiol group and structure of thiol peptides. | native tryptophanyl-trna synthetase purified from escherichia coli b has on each identical subunit a single thiol group which rapidly forms a mixed disulfide with a thionitrobenzoate moiety of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). the reaction and the concomitant inactivation of the enzyme are both reversible by reductive removal of the thionitrobenzoate with dithiothreitol. iodoacetamide and n-ethylmaleimide also react with the thiol group required for enzyme activity, but iodoacetic acid inacti ... | 1976 | 776964 |
| escherichia coli o antibody content in milk from healthy swedish mothers and mothers from a very low socio-economic group of a developing country. | the antibody content of milk from healthy swedish mothers was compared with that of milk from mothers of a very low socio-economic group in a developing country. antibodies of various immunoglobulin classes against e. coli o antigens were determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the milk antibodies which mainly belonged to the secretory iga class appeared in similar concentrations in milk from the two groups using e. coli antigens of swedish as well as pakistani origin. the ... | 1976 | 779397 |
| [cytopathogenic action of e. coli strains, containing corresponding abo type heterogeneous antigens, on transplantable human cells]. | a study was made (in vitro) of the interaction of various strains of e. coli, serological type o26 with continuous human cells (hela, tg-33 and rh). phenomenon of the cytopathogenic action of uropathogenic e. coli strains, containing heterogenous antigens, type o(h) and b, on the human cell strains possessing corresponding isoantigens was revealed on the 6th hour of the interaction. the number of dead cells in these cultures exceeded (1.5--3 times) their count cultures to which e. coli containin ... | 1976 | 779867 |
| the distribution of o-antigen types of escherichia coli in normal calves, compared with man, and their r plasmid carriage. | | 1976 | 780334 |
| the inhibitory effect of chemotactic factors on erythrophagocytosis by human neutrophils. | the effect of various chemotactic factors on phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with igg and complement (eac1423) by human neutrophils (pmn) was studied. the bacterial chemotactic factor, a butanol extract of an escherichia coli culture filtrate, the pronase sensitive and insensitive chemotactic substances isolated from this extract, c5a, a chemotactic fragment of the fifth component of complement, and a chemotactic synthetic peptide, formlymethionyl-leucine all significantly reduced ... | 1976 | 781130 |
| strain differences in the immunogenicity of aggregated human igg and the adjuvant action of lipopolysaccharide on the low-responder strain of mice. | strain differences in the antibody response to human igg (hgg) were observed when aggregated hgg was injected intravenously. lipopolysaccharide (lps) administered subsequently markedly enhanced the antibody response to hgg in low responder c57bl/6 mice as compared with that in high responder ddd, c3h/he or (c57bl/6 x ddd)f1 mice. aggregate-free preparation of hgg at a dose of 0.5 mg induced immunological tolerance in all strains of mice tested. lps injected subsequently converted tolerogenic, ag ... | 1976 | 781351 |
| bacterial growth inhibition by amniotic fluid. v. phosphate-to-zinc ratio as a predictor of bacterial growth-inhibitory activity. | human amniotic fluid has been shown to contain an inorganic bacterial growth-inhibitory component, zinc. the average zinc concentration in amniotic fluid was 0.44 mug per milliliter. the phosphate concentration of amniotic fluid appears to determine the expression of zinc inhibitory activity. the average phosphate concentration was 92 mug per milliliter. for 22 fluid samples tested, a phosphate-to-zinc ratio of 100 or less predicted a bactericidal fluid. a ratio between 100 and 200 predicted a b ... | 1976 | 782248 |
| prevention of wound infections. a case for closed suction drainage to remove wound fluids deficient in opsonic proteins. | fluids collecting in surgical wounds in both dogs and man have been shown to lose progressively the ability to opsonize bacteria for phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by normal neutrophils. since the collection of fluids in potentially contaminated wounds also interferes with access of phagocytic cells to contaminating bacteria and provides a pablum for growth, their removal seems to be indicated to minimize the risk of infection. this can be accomplished easily and safely with the use of clo ... | 1976 | 782267 |
| pharmacokinetics of a new skin wound cleanser. | iodophors are effective germicidal agents that have prolonged antiseptic activity in contaminated wounds. a nontoxic surfactant, pluronic f-68, has been used to formulate a safe and effective iodophor. the parameters necessary to regulate the activity of the iodophor were studied to develop a potent, yet safe bactericidal solution for use in human subjects. the parameters found to be most important were the ph of the solution and the concentration of sodium iodide. lowering the ph of iodophors i ... | 1976 | 782268 |
| synthesis of dnas complementary to human ribosomal rnas polyadenylated in vitro. | conditions are described under which poly(a) polymerase from escherichia coli ribosomes will catalyse the addition of amp residues onto the 3'-ends of human 18 s and 28 s ribosomal rnas at an average rate of 40 amp residues per 1000 nucleotides in 20 min. single-stranded complementary dnas (cdnas) can then be transcribed from the polyadenylated rnas with rna-directed dna polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus. all of the sequences in the rnas are represented in the cdnas; measurements of the ... | 1976 | 782537 |
| antigenicity testing of inactivated oral enteric bacterial vaccines for human use. | this study deals with the laboratory testing of the antigenicity of inactivated oral enteric bacterial vaccines for human use, viz. typhoid, dysentery, escherichia coli and cholera vaccines. for the assays the following methods are applied : 1) various types of active mouse protection tests 2) serum and coproantibody determinations in immunized persons and experimental animals, 3) protective ability of the immune sera in mice and embryonated eggs, 4) hemolytic and bacteriolytic plaque assays. it ... | 1976 | 782974 |
| infantile diarrhea produced by heat-stable enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | between december, 1974, and august 1975, intestinal illness occurred in 55 of 205 infants admitted to the special-care nurseries of a large children's hospital. escherichia coli serotype 078:k80:h12, which produced a heat-stable enterotoxin, was isolated from 18 of 25 symptomatic infants as compared with 14 of 55 asymptomatic infants (p less than 0.001). colistin administered prophylactically to 24 culture-negative asymptomatic infants did not prevent colonization in 10, whereas colonization did ... | 1976 | 785259 |
| the role of lysosomal elastase in the digestion of escherichia coli proteins by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: experiments with living leukocytes. | human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) elastase has been implicated in various pathological conditions. however, its physiological role remains undefined. one possible function of this enzyme may be digestion of bacterial proteins after phagocytosis. to test this hypothesis, we prepared escherichia coli labeled with [3h]arginine and treated these bacteria with a lipid-soluble, active-site-directed chloromethyl ketone inactivator of pancreatic and granulocyte elastases (carbobenzoxy-l-glycyl-l-l ... | 1976 | 787011 |
| isolation of a low-molecular-weight antibacterial system from human amniotic fluid. | a low-molecular-weight antibacterial system has been isolated from human amniotic fluid. the bacterial inhibitor requires the metal cation zinc and a peptide with a molecular weight of 630. the peptide component was purified using ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. it can be inactivated by digestion with carboxypeptidase. the amino acid composition of the peptide is: 3 glutamine-glutamic acid, 2 glycine, and 1 lysine. removal of zinc from the peptide has been shown ... | 1976 | 789241 |
| interactions of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated elongation factor 2 with ribosomes. | the binding of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated elongation factor 2 (adprib-ef-2) to ribosomes was inhibited both in the presence and absence of gtp in proportion to the amounts of unmodified ef-2 added. concomitant with this inhibition, an increase in the activity of ribosome-bound ef-2 in polyphenylalanine synthesis was observed. on the other hand, the addition of adprib-ef-2 reduced the rate of poly(phe) synthesis observed in the presence of a saturating amount of ef-2 and increased the amou ... | 1976 | 789367 |
| neutralizing antibodies against escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins in human milk from a developing country. | by means of the adrenal cell assay and the rabbit small-bowel loop technique enterotoxin-neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in all investigated milk samples from severely undernourished pakistani women but, with a single exception, not in milk from swedish mothers. the antibodies belonged to the iga and igg classes as observed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which also revealed secretory component on specific enterotoxin antibodies, showing that the iga antibodies were primarily ... | 1976 | 790543 |
| [effect of cholera vibrio and escherichia coli enterotoxins on human thrombocyte aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate]. | | 1976 | 790824 |
| separation of transfer ribonucleic acids on polystyrene anion exchangers. | the transfer rna separation by chromatography on strong-base polystyrene exchange materials is examined and compared with the widely used reversed-phase chromatography. results indicate important differences in some transfer rna (trna) elution patterns by the anion-exchange chromatography, as compared with the reversed-phase chromatography. transfer rnas containing hydrophobic groups are adsorbed more strongly. the anion exchanger has twice the number of theoretical plates. single peaks of trna2 ... | 1976 | 791362 |
| reduction in c3 conversion in patients with severe thermal injury. | serum opsonic activity for e. coli 075, concentration of native c3 and c3 conversion by inulin were determined in the sera of five patients with burns involving 45% to 80% total body surface during 3 weeks postburn. in all patients, opsonic activity, c3 concentration, and c3 conversion were reduced during the first week following the injury. c3 was restored to normal or elevated levels by the end of the first week postburn and remained normal or elevated thereafter for the duration of the study. ... | 1976 | 792466 |
| the effect oa a new anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen, on the respiratory, haemodynamic and metabolic responses to e. coli endotoxin shock in the cat. | 1 the intravenous administration of e. coli endotoxin (2.0 mg/kg) in cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone resulted in immediate pulmonary hypertension and reductions in lung compliance and systemic arterial po2. these effects were abolished, or greatly reduced, by the prior intravenous administration of flurbiprofen in doses (100 and 250 mug/kg and 1.0 mg/kg) which were devoid of cardiovascular or metabolic effects. flurbiprofen is thus the most active antipyretic-analgesic drug so far ... | 1976 | 793668 |
| immunochemical investigations on lipopolysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides from serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains of escherichia coli isolated from urinary-tract infections. | factors that may determine the variable resistance of urinary strains of escherichia coli to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum have been analysed. no statistically significant difference was found in the amount of lipopolysaccharide (lps) that could be extracted from serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains by either the phenol-water or warm-saline techniques. the ratio of lps o-side-chain sugars to core sugars was not found to be significantly greater in serum-resistant than in ... | 1976 | 794476 |