| varicella zoster virus-associated polyradiculoneuritis. | | 2009 | 19841388 |
| insulin-degrading enzyme binds to the nonglycosylated precursor of varicella-zoster virus ge protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum. | insulin degradation enzyme (ide) is a 110-kda zinc metalloprotease found in the cytosol of all cells. ide degrades insulin and a variety of small proteins including amyloid-beta. recently, ide has been proposed as the receptor for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) attachment. during our reassessment, some of the original studies were repeated and expanded in scope. we first confirmed that ide antibody reduced vzv spread. for additional controls, we repeated the same experiments with herpes simplex vi ... | 2010 | 19864391 |
| pseudorabies virus infection alters neuronal activity and connectivity in vitro. | alpha-herpesviruses, including human herpes simplex virus 1 & 2, varicella zoster virus and the swine pseudorabies virus (prv), infect the peripheral nervous system of their hosts. symptoms of infection often include itching, numbness, or pain indicative of altered neurological function. to determine if there is an in vitro electrophysiological correlate to these characteristic in vivo symptoms, we infected cultured rat sympathetic neurons with well-characterized strains of prv known to produce ... | 2009 | 19876391 |
| varicella endotheliitis: a case report. | to report a case of varicella endotheliitis. | 2009 | 19882562 |
| herpes zoster of the nipple: rapid dna-based diagnosis by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | a 28-year-old japanese man presented with grouped erosions and vesicles on an erythematous base affecting the right areola and the surrounding skin. a tzanck smear from the vesicle revealed giant cells. an initial clinical diagnosis of mammary herpes simplex was considered but to explore the differential diagnosis, viral dna was amplified by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method. dna replication was observed only in varicella zoster virus lamp mixture, and this confirmed a dia ... | 2010 | 19884358 |
| simian varicella virus in pigtailed macaques (macaca nemestrina): clinical, pathologic, and virologic features. | simian varicella virus (svv; cercopithecine herpesvirus 9) is a naturally occurring herpesvirus of nonhuman primates. here we present the clinical, pathologic, and virologic findings from 2 cases of svv in adult female pigtailed macaques (macaca nemestrina). the initial case presented with hyperthermia and a diffuse inguinal rash which spread centripetally, progressing to vesiculoulcerative dermatitis of the trunk, face, and extremities. at 96 h after presentation, the animal was anorexic and le ... | 2009 | 19887033 |
| viral infections of the central nervous system: a case-based review. | three patients with viral infections of the central nervous system (cns) were evaluated on an inpatient infectious diseases consultation service within a two-week period. these cases, caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus and enterovirus, highlight the importance of viral pathogens in causing debilitating infections of the cns and provide examples of the utility of molecular diagnostics in evaluating patients with encephalitis and meningitis. the importance of antiviral therapy ... | 2009 | 19889944 |
| distribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella zoster virus in ganglia of the human head and neck. | the distribution of the neurotropic alphaherpesviruses-herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella zoster virus (vzv)-was determined in autonomic and sensory ganglia of the head and neck obtained from formalin-fixed human cadavers. hsv-1 and vzv dna were found in 18 of 58 and 16 of 58 trigeminal, 23 of 58 and 11 of 58 pterygopalatine, 25 of 60 and 14 of 60 ciliary, 25 of 48 and 11 of 48 geniculate, 15 of 50 and 8 of 50 otic, 14 of 47 and 4 of 47 submandibular, 18 of 58 a ... | 2009 | 19919304 |
| antibody to varicella-zoster virus immediate-early protein 62 augments allodynia in zoster via brain-derived neurotrophic factor. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) expresses immediate-early protein 62 (ie62), and zoster is associated with neuropathic pain. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) is involved in the neuronal mechanism underlying pain hypersensitivity. zoster is associated with prodrome and the robust production of booster antibody to vzv. we hypothesized that the intrathecal production of antibody to ie62 cross-reacting with bdnf and the nerve injury by skin lesions may augment allodynia in zoster by enhancing b ... | 2010 | 19923188 |
| risk factors of herpes zoster among children immunized with varicella vaccine: results from a nested case-control study. | previous studies of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in children have provided little information on potential risk factors. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of race, chronic medical conditions and treatments, and recent vaccination, on the risk of herpes zoster (hz) in children vaccinated with one dose of varicella vaccine. | 2010 | 19952977 |
| report of varicella outbreak in a low vaccination coverage group of otherwise healthy children in italy: the role of breakthrough and the need of a second dose of vaccine. | we describe an outbreak of varicella at a preschool center in southern italy, in the period january-may 2009, among children with a vaccination coverage of 53.9% for one dose. the outbreak occurred in a small community in puglia and enrolled 41 children. the attack rates for unvaccinated and vaccinated children were 72.3% and 12.7%, respectively. the vaccine effectiveness against disease was 82.4%. our findings add a further piece of evidence in supporting the routine use of a second dose of vac ... | 2010 | 19961965 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna in 414 human trigeminal ganglia from cadavers by the polymerase chain reaction: a comparison of the detection rate of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. | investigation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is important epidemiologically, and determination of its prevalence rate in human trigeminal ganglia is important to provide surveillance data. to date, studies on vzv detection in trigeminal ganglia have used specimens obtained from a relatively limited number of cadavers. this study attempted to detect vzv dna as well as herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from 414 samples of trigeminal ganglia obtained fr ... | 2010 | 20029810 |
| herpesviridae and novel inhibitors. | herpesviridae comprises a large family of double-stranded dna viruses that infect both animals and humans. eight herpesviruses are known to infect humans: herpes simplex virus type-1 and -2, varicella zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, human herpesvirus 6 type-a and -b, human herpesvirus type-7 and -8 or kaposi's sarcoma virus. despite the fact that the past two decades have been evolutionary in the development of antiviral agents, therapeutic choices are restricted by limi ... | 2009 | 20032535 |
| fv-100: the most potent and selective anti-varicella zoster virus agent reported to date. | bicyclic aryl furano pyrimidines represent the most potent anti-varicella zoster virus (vzv) agents reported to date. lead compounds have 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) values in vitro that are in the subnanomolar range and selectivity index values that exceed 1 million. they have an absolute requirement for vzv thymidine kinase and most likely act as their phosphate forms. some structural modification (such as aryl substitution in the base moiety) is tolerated, whereas little sugar modifi ... | 2010 | 20054098 |
| impact of varicella vaccine on varicella-zoster virus dynamics. | the licensure and recommendation of varicella vaccine in the mid-1990s in the united states have led to dramatic declines in varicella incidence and varicella-related deaths and hospitalizations. varicella outbreaks remain common and occur increasingly in highly vaccinated populations. breakthrough varicella in vaccinated individuals is characteristically mild, typically with fewer lesions that frequently do not progress to a vesicular stage. as such, the laboratory diagnosis of varicella has gr ... | 2010 | 20065330 |
| myelin-associated glycoprotein mediates membrane fusion and entry of neurotropic herpesviruses. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) are prevalent neurotropic herpesviruses that cause various nervous system diseases. similar to other enveloped viruses, membrane fusion is an essential process for viral entry. therefore, identification of host molecules that mediate membrane fusion is important to understand the mechanism of viral infection. here, we demonstrate that myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), mainly distributed in neural tissues, associates with vzv glycopr ... | 2010 | 20080767 |
| [vaccination in paediatric oncohaematology]. | one of the most important elements in prophylaxis of infectious diseases of children, is vaccination. it is essential that vaccination should be used correctly and safely in children in immunosupression, including the patients suffering from haematological malignancies. oncological diseases as well as anticancer therapy disturb the functioning of the immunological system. particulary deep immunosupression is observed in patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation. for this reason most ... | 2009 | 20081279 |
| varicella vaccination in pediatric kidney and liver transplantation. | reports about efficacy and safety of live-virus attenuated vaccines in patients before and after transplantation are mainly based on small patient numbers, making general recommendations for this patient population difficult. children and adults as well as their close relatives and contact persons should be preferably immune to vzv before solid organ transplantation to avoid vzv-associated complications, thus making vzv vaccination necessary in susceptible individuals. the following literature r ... | 2010 | 20091941 |
| zoster vaccine (zostavax): a review of its use in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. | individuals who have been infected with varicella zoster virus (vzv) are at risk for developing herpes zoster and this risk appears to be related to a decline in vzv-specific cell-mediated immunity (cmi). zostavax (zoster vaccine) is a one-dose, high-potency, live, attenuated vzv vaccine that boosts vzv-specific cmi and this is its presumed mechanism of action. zoster vaccine is registered in the eu for use in adults aged >or=50 years for the prevention of herpes zoster and herpes zoster-related ... | 2010 | 20104941 |
| etiology and clinico-epidemiological profile of acute viral encephalitis in children of western uttar pradesh, india. | to study the etiology of viral encephalitis (ve) in the children of western uttar pradesh, india and to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of these children in relation to ve. | 2010 | 20106698 |
| characterization of the varicella-zoster virus orf50 gene, which encodes glycoprotein m. | the orf50 gene of the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes glycoprotein m (gm), which is conserved among all herpesviruses and is important for the cell-to-cell spread of vzv. however, few analyses of orf50 gene expression or its posttranscriptional and translational modifications have been published. here we found that in vzv-infected cells, orf50 encoded four transcripts: a full-size transcript, which was translated into the gm, and three alternatively spliced transcripts, which were not trans ... | 2010 | 20106918 |
| comparison of the biological and biochemical activities of several members of the alphaherpesvirus icp0 family of proteins. | immediate-early protein icp0 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is an e3 ubiquitin ligase of the ring finger class that is required for efficient lytic infection and reactivation from latency. other alphaherpesviruses also express icp0-related ring finger proteins, but these have limited homology outside the core ring domain. existing evidence indicates that icp0 family members have similar properties, but there has been no systematic comparison of the biochemical activities and biological f ... | 2010 | 20106921 |
| rapid automation of a cell-based assay using a modular approach: case study of a flow-based varicella zoster virus infectivity assay. | vaccine manufacturing requires constant analytical monitoring to ensure reliable quality and a consistent safety profile of the final product. concentration and bioactivity of active components of the vaccine are key attributes routinely evaluated throughout the manufacturing cycle and for product release and dosage. in the case of live attenuated virus vaccines, bioactivity is traditionally measured in vitro by infection of susceptible cells with the vaccine followed by quantification of virus ... | 2010 | 20117140 |
| seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus in polish population. | a varicella zoster virus (vzv) is the first herpesvirus for which a vaccine was developed. since 1999, the varicella vaccine is licensed in poland and recommended for use in adults without history of a varicella infection, and in children and young adults with remission of acute leukemia. while serological data is essential to assess the appropriate vaccination programme, we conducted the first in poland serosurvey on a representative group of polish population aged 1-19. serum samples were sele ... | 2009 | 20120946 |
| transcriptional coactivator hcf-1 couples the histone chaperone asf1b to hsv-1 dna replication components. | the cellular transcriptional coactivator hcf-1 interacts with numerous transcription factors as well as other coactivators and is a component of multiple chromatin modulation complexes. the protein is essential for the expression of the immediate early genes of both herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella zoster virus and functions, in part, by coupling chromatin modification components including the set1 or mll1 histone methyltransferases and the histone demethylase lsd1 to promote the install ... | 2010 | 20133788 |
| allo-hla reactivity of virus-specific memory t cells is common. | graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection are major complications of allogeneic hla-mismatched stem cell transplantation or organ transplantation that are caused by alloreactive t cells. because a range of acute viral infections have been linked to initiating these complications, we hypothesized that the cross-reactive potential of virus-specific memory t cells to allogeneic (allo) hla molecules may be able to mediate these complications. to analyze the allo-hla reactivity, t cells specific ... | 2010 | 20160165 |
| increasing incidence of herpes zoster among veterans. | the incidence of herpes zoster in the united states has been estimated to be > or =1 million cases annually, with a higher rate in adults older than 60 years. the morbidity of the disease, including postherpetic neuralgia, imposes significant effects on quality of life. we analyzed reports of herpes zoster in the veterans affairs (va) population because these patients are older and could provide a reflection of disease trends in the aging us population. these data will provide a baseline for fut ... | 2010 | 20178416 |
| simian varicella virus pathogenesis. | because varicella zoster virus (vzv) is an exclusively human pathogen, the development of an animal model is necessary to study pathogenesis, latency, and reactivation. the pathological, virological, and immunological features of simian varicella virus (svv) infection in nonhuman primates are similar to those of vzv infection in humans. both natural infection of cynomolgus and african green monkeys as well as intrabronchial inoculation of rhesus macaques with svv provide the most useful models t ... | 2010 | 20186611 |
| varicella-zoster virus meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient without a rash. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is an unusual cause of meningoencephalitis in the immunocompetent patient. most cases of vzv-associated aseptic meningitis or encephalitis are associated with the skin rash of primary varicella, localized herpes zoster, or disseminated zoster. we report a case of vzv meningoencephalitis without a rash occurring in a normal host. | 2010 | 20214542 |
| simultaneous cocirculation of both european varicella-zoster virus genotypes (e1 and e2) in mexico city. | full-length genome analysis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) has shown that viral strains can be classified into seven different genotypes: european (e), mosaic (m), and japanese (j), and the e and m genotypes can be further subclassified into e1, e2, and m1 through 4, respectively. the distribution of the main vzv genotypes in mexico was described earlier, demonstrating the predominance of e genotype, although other genotypes (m1 and m4) were also identified. however, no information regarding th ... | 2010 | 20220168 |
| varicella-zoster virus neurotropism in scid mouse-human dorsal root ganglia xenografts. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a neurotropic human alphaherpesvirus and the causative agent of varicella and herpes zoster. vzv reactivation from latency in sensory nerve ganglia is a direct consequence of vzv neurotropism. investigation of vzv neuropathogenesis by infection of human dorsal root ganglion xenografts in immunocompromised (scid) mice has provided a novel system in which to examine vzv neurotropism. experimental infection with recombinant vzv mutants with targeted deletions or muta ... | 2010 | 20225014 |
| herpes simplex; treatment by repeated vaccination with vaccinia virus. | | 1946 | 20279881 |
| [not available]. | | 1946 | 20287458 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of retinitis caused by herpes simplex virus-1. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). the specificity of the assay was tested using dna extracted from hsv-1-infected rabbit corneal epithelium cultures, hsv-2 grown on vero cell line, cytomegalovirus (cmv) (ad-169), varicella zoster virus (vzv) (oka-vaccine), adenovirus, aspergillus flavus and staphylococcus aureus. the specificity of lamp was confirmed by bidirectional sequencing of the amplicons. the sensitivit ... | 2011 | 20298270 |
| a literature review regarding the management of varicella-zoster virus. | chickenpox and shingles (varicella-zoster virus [vzv]) pose a threat to individuals who are immunosuppressed and/or have rheumatoid arthritis or another inflammatory musculoskeletal condition. in this paper we present a literature review of the condition, management and prevention. | 2010 | 20301227 |
| herpes zoster in older adults. | herpes zoster (hz) is a common condition among older adults, manifested by pain and the classic presentation of a unilateral rash that follows a dermatomal distribution and does not cross the midline of the body. it is caused by reactivation of the virus that caused chickenpox during an earlier infection. in many cases, acute hz is followed by a severe and disabling complication known as postherpetic neuralgia (phn), characterized by pain that persists for months or even years after the hz rash ... | 2010 | 20302254 |
| determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella-zoster virus. | a new method was developed for determining the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers by examining the genome of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), which resides latently throughout life in most individuals and the genotypes which show distinct geographical distribution. vzv dna samples extracted from the trigeminal ganglia of 62 cadavers (59 from japan, and 1 each from the united kingdom, mongolia, and pakistan) submitted for medico-legal autopsy were examined. sequencing was performed on a 35 ... | 2010 | 20336724 |
| varicella-zoster virus-induced apoptosis in mewo cells is accompanied by down-regulation of bcl-2 expression. | varicella-zoster virus infects multiple human and monkey cells in culture. the mode of cell death appears to be autophagy or apoptosis. analysis of vzv-infected human melanoma (mewo) cells revealed that bcl-2 mrna and protein levels were decreased significantly 64 and 72 hpi (hours post infection), accompanied by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. western blot analysis of virus-infected cells revealed activation of caspase-8, a marker for the extrinsic pathway of a ... | 2010 | 20345323 |
| detection of poliovirus-infected macrophages in thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis. | genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to the etiology of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (mg). viral involvement has long been suspected, but direct evidence of involvement has not been found. we recently reported that toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-a key activator of innate immunity-was overexpressed in the thymus of some patients with mg, suggesting that thymic infection by pathogens might be involved in mg pathogenesis. we searched for evidence of intrathymic infec ... | 2010 | 20368632 |
| a case of nosocominal vzv transmission. | | 2010 | 20400368 |
| modifications of c-2 on the pyrroloquinoline template aimed at the development of potent herpesvirus antivirals with improved aqueous solubility. | a series of c-2 pyrroloquinoline analogs designed to improve aqueous solubility were examined for herpesvirus polymerase and antiviral activity. several analogs were identified that maintained the antiviral activity of the previous development candidate against hcmv, hsv-1 and vzv, but with significantly improved aqueous solubility. | 2010 | 20403696 |
| detection of viral dna sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. | the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms) is a subject of heated debate. the presence of six different neurotropic viruses was sought, including jc virus (jcv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), and epstein-barr virus (ebv), in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples collected from 51 patients with ms and 30 patients with other neurological diseases. cell-free or cell-associated viral dna in csf samples was detected by real-time pcr, and viral loads we ... | 2010 | 20419821 |
| famciclovir: a focus on efficacy and safety. | famciclovir is the prodrug of penciclovir, a guanosine analogue that inhibits viruses of the alpha sub-family of the herpesviridae, as well as hepatitis b virus. it is indicated for management of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus disease and acute herpes zoster, and has been investigated for management of hepatitis b virus infection. | 2010 | 20429777 |
| viruses and langerhans cells. | langerhans cells (lcs) are the resident dendritic cells (dcs) of epidermis in human mucosal stratified squamous epithelium and the skin. a phenotypically similar dc has recently been discovered as a minor population in the murine dermis. in epidermis, lcs function as sentinel antigen-presenting cells that can capture invading viruses such as herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this interaction between lcs and viruses results in highly ... | 2010 | 20445632 |
| varicella pneumonia in southern israel. | | 2010 | 20455287 |
| vzv t cell-mediated immunity. | primary varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection (varicella) induces vzv-specific antibody and vzv-specific t cell-mediated immunity. t cell-mediated immunity, which is detected within 1-2 weeks after appearance of rash, and consists of both cd4 and cd8 effector and memory t cells, is essential for recovery from varicella. administration of a varicella vaccine also generates vzv-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. the memory cell responses that develop during varicella or after vaccina ... | 2010 | 20473790 |
| varicella zoster virus in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. | the apparent association between varicella zoster virus (vzv) and multiple sclerosis (ms) has been described. in patients with relapse/remission (r/r) ms we have found high loads of vzv dna in lymphocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid (csf), as well as abundant viral particles in csf visualized by electron microscopy at the time of relapse. both, the molecular and the ultrastructural evidence of vzv became negative in the same patients at the time of remission. | 2010 | 20483530 |
| severe pneumonia by aciclovir-resistant varicella-zoster virus during etanercept therapy. | | 2010 | 20484341 |
| [mild cerebral oedema in a patient with vascular encephalopathy due to varicela-zoster virus: an unexpected complication]. | | 2010 | 20487713 |
| an eruption after herpes zoster infection. granulomatous reaction within atrophic vzv scars. | | 2010 | 20500203 |
| [varicella and herpes zoster. part 1: virology, epidemiology, clinical picture, laboratory diagnostics]. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), known as one of the eight human herpesviridae, shows a ubiquitous distribution and is the cause for acute exanthema in childhood (chickenpox). vzv is highly infectious, spread by respiratory droplets and direct contact with fluid in vesicles. as a characteristic of the alpha-herpesviridae, vzv establishes latency in the nucleus of the paraspinal cells. reactivation of vzv (zoster) is possible in all infected persons, but becomes more common with increasing age and a ... | 2010 | 20503007 |
| systematic analysis of the igg antibody immune response against varicella zoster virus (vzv) using a self-assembled protein microarray. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a human herpesvirus encoding at least 69 distinct viral proteins which causes chickenpox after primary infection and shingles during reactivation and which is particularly important in pregnancy and immunocompromised patients. current serodiagnostic tests are either based on whole cell lysates or glycoprotein preparations. in order to investigate the humoral immune response to vzv infection or vaccination in more detail, and to improve the currently available diag ... | 2010 | 20514382 |
| identification of an important immunological difference between virulent varicella-zoster virus and its avirulent vaccine: viral disruption of dendritic cell instruction. | virulent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) can spread in immunocompetent humans, resulting in symptoms mostly of the skin. in contrast, vaccine oka (v-oka), the attenuated vzv vaccine strain, only rarely causes clinical reactions. the mechanisms underlying these pathogenetic differences are unclear. in this study, we comparatively analyzed the ability of virulent vzv and v-oka to modulate instruction of dendritic cells (dcs) by innate signals. dcs isolated from normal human skin were susceptible to i ... | 2010 | 20525895 |
| asp2151, a novel helicase-primase inhibitor, possesses antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | to evaluate and describe the anti-herpesvirus effect of asp2151, amenamevir, a novel non-nucleoside oxadiazolylphenyl-containing herpesvirus helicase-primase complex inhibitor. | 2010 | 20534624 |
| [varicella and herpes zoster. part 2: therapy and prevention]. | in germany, five antiviral agents are approved for antiviral therapy in zoster patients (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, brivudine, and foscarnet). they should be administered within 72 h after rash onset and can significantly shorten viral replication and reduce the complications. in 2004, the german standing committee on vaccination (stiko) at the robert koch institute suggested the active immunization against varicella with a live attenuated varicella vaccine (oka strain) for all childr ... | 2010 | 20582499 |
| incidence of multiple herpesvirus infection in hiv seropositive patients, a big concern for eastern indian scenario. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with an increased risk for human herpes viruses (hhvs) and their related diseases and they frequently cause disease deterioration and therapeutic failures. methods for limiting the transmission of hhvs require a better understanding of the incidence and infectivity of oral hhvs in hiv-infected patients. this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of human herpes viruses (cmv, hsv 2, ebv-1, vzv) antibodies and to evaluate thei ... | 2010 | 20604948 |
| herpes zoster incidence in a multicenter cohort of solid organ transplant recipients. | immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk for herpes zoster (hz), but incidence in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients has varied in multiple studies. to assess incidence of hz, we examined patients who underwent sot and received follow-up care within the large multicenter us department of veteran's affairs healthcare system. | 2011 | 20636480 |
| detection of igg-class antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella-zoster virus using a multiplex bead immunoassay. | serologic testing for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (mmrv) igg is traditionally performed by immunofluorescence assay or enzyme immunoassay (eia). although sensitive and specific, these methods are labor intensive, time consuming, and require separate assays for each analyte. this study evaluated the performance of the mmrv igg athena multi-lyte assay using nonclinically characterized serum specimens submitted to our laboratory for routine mmrv igg testing. mumps (n = 492) or rubella (n ... | 2010 | 20638602 |
| the varicella-zoster virus ie4 protein: a conserved member of the herpesviral mrna export factors family and a potential alternative target in antiherpetic therapies. | during a viral infection, in addition to cellular mrnas, amounts of viral mrnas have to be efficiently transported to the cytoplasm for translation. it is now established that herpesviruses encode a conserved gene family whose proteins act as viral mrna export factors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral transcripts and eventually modulate through this mechanism the antiviral response. this conserved family of proteins contains the ie4 protein of the varicella-zoster virus (vzv). he ... | 2010 | 20650265 |
| recombinant varicella vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to siv and reduce viral loads in immunized rhesus macaques. | the development of an effective aids vaccine remains one of the highest priorities in hiv research. the live, attenuated varicella-zoster virus (vzv) oka vaccine, safe and effective for prevention of chickenpox and zoster, also has potential as a recombinant vaccine against other pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the simian varicella model, utilizing simian varicella virus (svv), offers an approach to evaluate recombinant varicella vaccine candidates. recombinant svv (rsvv ... | 2010 | 20654666 |
| unusual oral complications of herpes zoster infection: report of a case and review of literature. | a case of herpes zoster infection with unusual oral complications involving the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is presented. the post-herpetic complications of osteonecrosis, spontaneous exfoliation of teeth, and subsequent pathologic fracture of mandible in the absence of concurrent predisposing factors in a 65-year-old man are demonstrated. forty-one cases with osteonecrosis and spontaneous exfoliation of teeth previously presented in the literature are reviewed. this is the first ... | 2010 | 20692192 |
| an international comparison of current strategies to prevent herpesvirus and fungal infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. | herpes virus (cytometalovirus [cmv], herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus) and invasive fungal infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients despite the availability of effective therapies. in this study, we developed an internet-based survey, which was distributed to all hematopoietic cell transplant centers participating in the center for international blood and marrow transplant research (cibmtr) program, ... | 2011 | 20699126 |
| a boy with a one-sided red rash. | we report on a boy with a sudden onset of unilateral skin lesions following tonsillar infection with fever 2 weeks before. the lesions consisted of erythematous macules with scaling affecting trunk, axillar, as well as inguinal region. crp, blood differential, serum igg and igm antibodies (coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, herpes virus, varicella zoster virus, human herpesvirus-6/-7), and lesional swabs (bacteria, dermatophytes, yeasts) were uneventful. | 2011 | 20803032 |
| role of human herpes virus 6 in corneal inflammation alone or with human herpesviruses. | : the purpose of this study was to determine the association of human herpes virus 6 (hhv-6) and/or other human herpesviruses in corneal inflammation using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2011 | 20847652 |
| viral encephalitis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a rare complication with distinct characteristics of different causative agents. | limited data are available on characteristics of viral encephalitis in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2011 | 20851868 |
| effect of time delay after necropsy on analysis of simian varicella-zoster virus expression in latently infected ganglia of rhesus macaques. | studies of varicella-zoster virus gene expression during latency require the acquisition of human ganglia at autopsy. concerns have been raised that the virus might reactivate immediately after death. because features of varicella-zoster virus latency are similar in primate and human ganglia, we examined virus gene expression in tissues either processed immediately or kept at 4°c for 30 h before necropsy of two monkeys inoculated with simian varicella-zoster virus and euthanized 117 days later. ... | 2010 | 20861271 |
| motor radiculopathy caused by varicella zoster virus without skin lesions ('zoster sine herpete'). | | 2010 | 20863615 |
| varicella infection and the impact of late entry into the irish healthcare system. | we present a case which highlights several areas of concern relating to the prevention and management of varicella in ireland. we review the pathophysiology of this virus and highlight its greater potential for morbidity in certain groups, most particularly adult males. the experience and opinions with regard to varicella vaccination in the us and other temperate countries is reviewed along with evidence of changing epidemiology of varicella infection. the national immunisation advisory committe ... | 2010 | 20869670 |
| varicella-zoster virus meningoencephalitis without skin lesions in a paediatric kidney recipient. | | 2010 | 20935014 |
| fulminant staphylococcus lugdunensis septicaemia following a pelvic varicella-zoster virus infection in an immune-deficient patient: a case report. | introduction: the deadly threat of systemic infections with coagulase negative staphylococcus lugdunensis despite an appropriate antibiotic therapy has only recently been recognized. the predominant infectious focus observed so far is left-sided native heart valve endocarditis, but bone and soft tissue infections, septicaemia and vascular catheter-related bloodstream infections have also been reported. we present a patient with a fatal staphylococcus lugdunensis septicaemia following zoster bact ... | 2010 | 20952351 |
| acute varicella-zoster virus necrotizing meningoencephalomyelitis with sudden visual loss and paraparesis in an hiv-infected patient. | we describe a case of acute varicella-zoster virus (vzv) hemorrhagic meningoencephalomyelitis in an hiv-infected patient. on admission the patient's csf was mild haemorrhagic and xanthochromic after centrifugation and he had thoracic skin blisters. vzv dna was isolated from both the thoracic blisters and csf. treatment consisted of aggressive antiviral, steroid and immunoglobulin therapy, which was able to stop disease progression. the patient survived but was left blind and paretic. in conclusi ... | 2010 | 20954447 |
| [herpes zoster oticus with cranial nerve affection]. | herpes zoster oticus (hzo) with cranial polyneuropathy is also known as ramsay hunt syndrome (rhs). after primary varicella infection, the varicella zoster virus (vzv) remains dormant in the nervous system and can reactivate later in life causing rhs. this case describes a 56-year-old man with hzo and palsy of n. v, vii, viii, ix, x and xii. anti-viral agents might be effective in patients with rhs, although the only randomized controlled clinical trial on this subject found no significant benef ... | 2010 | 20961509 |
| varicella-zoster virus. preface. | | 2010 | 20973159 |
| the immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | the live attenuated varicella vaccine is recommended for hiv-infected children who are not severely immunosuppressed. this study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccination among hiv-infected children who had severe immunosuppression before receiving antiretroviral therapy. | 2011 | 20975615 |
| atypical presentation of cytomegalovirus endotheliitis: a case report. | to describe an atypical case of cytomegalovirus (cmv) endotheliitis in a 74-year-old man who presented with chronic corneal edema without keratic precipitates (kps) and intraocular pressure (iop) elevation. | 2010 | 21034308 |
| fulminant hepatitis and death associated with disseminated varicella in an immunocompromised adult from the czech republic caused by a wild-type clade 4 varicella-zoster virus strain. | varicella zoster virus typically causes a benign disease in childhood called varicella (chickenpox) and can reactivate in adults as a dermatomally distributed, painful rash illness known as herpes zoster (hz). infection with vzv can however lead to severe complications in immunocompromised patients that can result in hospitalization and, occasionally, death. here we describe a patient, who acquired primary vzv infection during a 3-week-long treatment regimen with corticosteroids. the disease too ... | 2010 | 21056000 |
| monitoring prevalence of varicella-zoster virus clades in germany. | the global surveillance of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) clades is an important tool for investigation into viral evolution, host-virus interactions, role of immigration and travel for importation of viral strains as well as possible recombination events between wild- and vaccine-type vzv strains. in this prospective study, comprehensive data on the current distribution of vzv clades in germany were collected. vzv strains from 213 patients with varicella and 109 with zoster were genotyped using t ... | 2010 | 21072536 |
| regulation of the expression of the varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 66 gene. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame (orf) 66 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates the major viral transactivator protein, immediate-early (ie) 62, preventing its nuclear importation. cytoplasmic sequestration of ie62 may alter viral gene transcription and could serve as a mechanism for maintaining vzv latency. we examined the regulation of expression of the orf66 gene by mapping the promoter region, which was localized to within 150 bases of the start codon. the ... | 2010 | 21074584 |
| herpes zoster in a 13-year-old healthy immunocompetent female patient. | | 2010 | 21087834 |
| persistence of varicella-zoster virus viraemia in patients with herpes zoster. | herpes zoster is caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus from sensory neurons. the commonest complication following zoster is chronic pain termed post herpetic neuralgia. | 2010 | 21093356 |
| characterization of the nuclear import and export signals, and subcellular transport mechanism of varicella-zoster virus orf9. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 9 (orf9) mrna is one of the most abundantly expressed messages during vzv infection. however, little is known concerning the function of orf9 protein. here, we found that transient expression of orf9 fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) in cos-7 cells showed a predominantly cytoplasmic localization in the absence of other viral proteins. by constructing a series of orf9 variants fused to eyfp, a bona fide bipartite nuclear localizati ... | 2010 | 21106804 |
| sequence analysis of the glycoprotein e gene of varicella-zoster virus strains of clades 1, 3 and 5. | eighty-six varicella-zoster virus (vzv) strains of clades 1, 3 and 5, isolated from varicella and zoster patients in germany, were analyzed by sequencing the glycoprotein e gene. four novel non-synonymous and 10 novel synonymous mutations were detected. of these, two synonymous (c513t, c885t) and two non-synonymous mutations (t485g, c524t) were located within the coding regions of e1 and c1. the profile of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was found to be significantly associated with the vzv clad ... | 2010 | 21116830 |
| granulomatous skin lesions complicating varicella infection in a patient with rothmund-thomson syndrome and immune deficiency: case report. | rothmund-thomson syndrome (rts)(omim 268400) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by poikiloderma, small stature, skeletal and dental abnormalities, cataract and an increased risk of cancer. it is caused by mutations in recql4 at 8q24. immune deficiency is not described as a classical feature of the disease. here we report the appearance of granulomatous skin lesions complicating primary varicella zoster virus infection in a toddler with rothmund thomson syndrome and immune ... | 2010 | 21143835 |
| ramsay-hunt syndrome. | | 2010 | 21185328 |
| zoster ... "a lmost" ... sine herpete: diagnostic utility of real time-polymerase chain reaction. | zoster sine herpete is a particular form of varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection characterized by segmental pain and dysesthesia, without any cutaneous lesions ever becoming perceptible. this report describes the case of a female patient, presenting with intercostal pain associated with a single papulo-vesicular lesion localized within the same area. thanks to such a lesion, real time-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis on vesicle fluid swab was possible, thus revealing a significant numb ... | 2010 | 21213602 |
| the efficacy of time-based short-course acyclovir therapy in treatment of post-herpetic pain. | various treatments have been used to manage post-herpetic neuralgia (phn). safe and effective therapies to prevent phn are needed. | 2010 | 21252455 |
| vaccine-related varicella-zoster rash in a hospitalized immunocompetent patient. | an immunocompetent health care worker with no known history of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) disease was exposed to a patient with herpes zoster and was immunized 2 days later. twenty-seven days after receiving the varicella vaccine, while hospitalized, she developed a disseminated rash. this exposure and subsequent development of symptoms posed infection control challenges. a polymerase chain reaction analysis of her vesicular fluid was positive for vaccine-type vzv, and a blood specimen collect ... | 2011 | 21269735 |
| identification and functional characterization of the varicella zoster virus orf11 gene product. | the deletion of orf11 severely impaired vzv infection of human skin xenografts. here, we investigate the characteristics and functions of the orf11 gene product. orf11 is expressed as a 118kda polypeptide in vzv-infected cells; the protein is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is incorporated into vz virions. although orf11 had little effect in transactivating vzv gene promoters in transfection assays, deleting orf11 from the virus was associated with reduced expression of immediate early ... | 2011 | 21276599 |
| herpes zoster in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve after nonablative fractional photothermolysis of the face: report of 3 cases. | | 2011 | 21281388 |
| zoster sine herpete: virologic verification by detection of anti-vzv igg antibody in csf. | | 2011 | 21282595 |
| herp zoster at the site of infliximab infusion: case report. | worldwide, many patients have been treated with tumor necrosis factor-a (tnf-a) antagonists for indications that include chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and others. since their approval, concerns regarding safety have been raised. increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, especially due to intracellular bacteria like mycobacterium tuberculosis that is responsible for the most serious complications associated with this t ... | 2011 | 21299443 |
| epidemiology and prevention of viral infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. | viral infections are some of the most frequent complications in patients with hematologic malignancies are viral infections. infections caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis b virus and influenza virus are associated with high morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. fortunately, a growing number of antiviral medications and vaccines are allowing for more effective prophylaxis against these pathogens. this article reviews the epidemiolog ... | 2011 | 21303338 |
| entrapment of viral capsids in nuclear pml cages is an intrinsic antiviral host defense against varicella-zoster virus. | the herpesviruses, like most other dna viruses, replicate in the host cell nucleus. subnuclear domains known as promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (pml-nbs), or nd10 bodies, have been implicated in restricting early herpesviral gene expression. these viruses have evolved countermeasures to disperse pml-nbs, as shown in cells infected in vitro, but information about the fate of pml-nbs and their functions in herpesvirus infected cells in vivo is limited. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is ... | 2011 | 21304940 |
| medical image. varicella-zoster virus pneumonia. | | 2010 | 21317967 |
| review: the neurobiology of varicella zoster virus infection. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a neurotropic herpesvirus that infects nearly all humans. primary infection usually causes chickenpox (varicella), after which virus becomes latent in cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and autonomic ganglia along the entire neuraxis. although vzv cannot be isolated from human ganglia, nucleic acid hybridization and, later, polymerase chain reaction proved that vzv is latent in ganglia. declining vzv-specific host immunity decades after primary infection a ... | 2011 | 21342215 |
| diagnostic applications of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for cytomegalovirus. | eight viruses in the herpes family have been identified that infect humans: herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus (cmv), human herpesviruses 6 and 7 and the kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (1). in immunocompetent individuals, primary infections are usually handled effectively by the host immune system without therapeutic intervention. however, these viruses are never completely eradicated by the immune response, probably because these vi ... | 2001 | 21370152 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of varicella-zoster virus mutants resistant to acyclovir, brivudine and/or foscarnet. | the treatment of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) reactivation is based on nucleoside analogues acyclovir (acv) and bromevinyldeoxyuridine (bvdu) and a phosphonic acid derivative (pfa). drug-resistant mutants of 3 wild-type (wt) vzv strains were obtained by exposure of human retinal pigment epithelial (hrpe) cells inoculated with cell-free wt virus at increasing concentrations of acv, bvdu, and pfa. in addition to single-drug resistance, a cross-resistance of isolates vs. acv was observed for pfa-re ... | 2011 | 21373931 |
| varicella-zoster virus infection triggers formation of an interleukin-1+¦ (il-1+¦)-processing inflammasome complex. | innate cellular immunity is the immediate host response against pathogens, and activation of innate immunity also modulates the induction of adaptive immunity. the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptors (nlrs) are a family of intracellular receptors that recognize conserved patterns associated with intracellular pathogens, but information about their role in the host defense against dna viruses is limited. here we report that varicella-zoster virus (vzv), an alphaherpesvi ... | 2011 | 21385879 |
| viral etiology of aseptic meningitis among children in southern iran. | aseptic meningitis refers to a clinical syndrome of meningeal inflammation in which bacteria cannot be identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the viral etiology and the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of aseptic meningitis among children aged 2 months to 15 years in shiraz, southern iran were determined. from may 2007 to april 2008, 65 patients were admitted to the hospital with aseptic meningitis. seven viruses, non-polio human enteroviruses, mumps virus, herpes ... | 2011 | 21412795 |
| household size is critical to varicella-zoster virus transmission in the tropics despite lower viral infectivity. | the epidemiology and severity of infections can vary dramatically in different geographical regions. varicella zoster virus (vzv) is a particularly tractable model for investigating such global differences, since infections can be unambiguously identified. vzv is spread by aerosol to cause chickenpox, which, in temperate countries, is a relatively benign childhood infection; yet in tropical countries it tends to occur at later age, a trend associated with markedly increased severity including co ... | 2011 | 21420656 |