| trends in human immunodeficiency virus seroincidence among street-recruited injection drug users in san francisco, 1987-1998. | this paper reports trends in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) incidence among street-recruited injection drug users (idus) in san francisco, california, from 1987 through 1998, estimated using a sensitive/less sensitive enzyme immunoassay testing strategy. idus were enrolled in 23 semiannual cross-sections from three community sites. for identification of recent infections, less sensitive enzyme immunoassay testing was performed on stored specimens that had previously tested positive for hiv a ... | 2003 | 12746244 |
| greater risks, fewer rights: u.s. farmworkers and pesticides. | pesticide action network, united farmworkers of america, and california rural legal assistance foundation analyzed california government data on agricultural poisonings and enforcement of worker safety standards. nearly 500 pesticide poisonings were reported for california farmworkers every year from 1997 to 2000. the actual number of pesticide-related illnesses is unknown, since many poisonings go unreported. most poisonings occurred as a result of soil fumigation and pesticide applications to ... | 2003 | 12749629 |
| clinical trials face heightened scrutiny as science and commerce appear to merge. | clinical trials involving human subjects face increased scrutiny and regulation by the federal government that may lead to costly changes to the process. prompted by a highly publicized death in a gene therapy trial, federal regulators are examining almost all aspects of clinical trial conduct, from how patients are recruited and how they give informed consent, to the relationship between the researchers and the company sponsoring the research. in addition to the heightened regulation, the gover ... | 2001 | 12751494 |
| longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling analyses of california psychological inventory data from age 33 to 75: an examination of stability and change in adult personality. | twenty aspects of personality assessed via the california psychological inventory (cpi; gough & bradley, 1996) from age 33 to 75 were examined in a sample of 279 individuals. oakland growth study and berkeley guidance study members completed the cpi a maximum of 4 times. we used longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling (hlm) to ask the following: which personality characteristics change and which do not? five cpi scales showed uniform lack of change, 2 showed heterogeneous change giving an aver ... | 2003 | 12763702 |
| a polymorphism in the tcf7 gene, c883a, is associated with type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with a th1 phenotype in which insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas are destroyed. the t-cell-specific transcription factor tcf7 activates genes involved in immune regulation and is a candidate locus for genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) (pro to thr) in the tcf7 gene, c883a, was examined in samples from 282 caucasian multiplex type 1 diabetic families. hla-drb1 and -dqb1 genotypes were p ... | 2003 | 12765974 |
| secondary syringe exchange among injection drug users. | syringe-exchange programs (seps) have proven to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens, primarily human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), among injection drug users (idus). in the united states, only about 7% of idus have access to and use seps. some idus engage in secondary syringe exchange (sse), meaning that one idu (a "provider") obtains syringes at an sep to distribute to other idus ("recipients"). this formative qualitative research was conducted to understand why and how idus engage in ss ... | 2003 | 12791808 |
| 42nd annual meeting of the american society for cell biology, san francisco, california, usa, 14-18 december 2002. | the annual meeting of the american society for cell biology (ascb) is a diverse conference covering all topics in cell biology. while all of the basic biology presented at this meeting may potentially contribute to breast cancer research, there were a significant number of presentations and posters directly pertinent to this field. here we have summarized the research that is of greatest immediate relevance to breast cancer, with particular emphasis on mammary gland development and tumorigenesis ... | 2003 | 12793896 |
| evaluation of infant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, maternal vitamin use, and risk of high versus low level spina bifida defects. | several studies have suggested that homozygosity for the c677t 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) variant is a potential risk factor for neural tube defects (ntds), as individuals homozygous for the c677t allele have slightly elevated homocysteine concentrations under conditions of low folic acid intake. it has been hypothesized that maternal folic acid supplementation prevents ntds by partially correcting reduced mthfr activity associated with the variant form of the enzyme. | 2003 | 12797455 |
| risk factors for neural tube defects: associations between uncoupling protein 2 polymorphisms and spina bifida. | polymorphisms in the mitochondrial membrane transporter gene ucp2 are capable of affecting energy metabolism, body weight regulation, and possibly preventing the buildup of reactive oxygen species, all factors that could contribute to neural tube defect risk through maternal obesity and diabetes. | 2003 | 12797456 |
| california state mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan: a retrospective evaluation using conditional simulations. | the california mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan recently was developed to provide a semi-quantitative means for assessing risk for western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) or st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses and to provide intervention guidelines for mosquito control and public health agencies during periods of heightened risk for human infection. west nile virus recently has arrived in california, and the response plan also will provide a baseline for assessing the risk for ... | 2003 | 12812335 |
| ambulatory diagnosis and medical management of ectopic pregnancy in a public teaching hospital serving indigent women. | the study was undertaken to evaluate the outcomes of indigent women with possible ectopic pregnancy who were cared for in a public teaching hospital outpatient clinic by multiple residents. | 2003 | 12824991 |
| environmental isolation of balamuthia mandrillaris associated with a case of amebic encephalitis. | this report describes the first isolation of the ameba balamuthia mandrillaris from an environmental soil sample associated with a fatal case of amebic encephalitis in a northern california child. isolation of the ameba into culture from autopsied brain tissue confirmed the presence of balamuthia: in trying to locate a possible source of infection, soil and water samples from the child's home and play areas were examined for the presence of balamuthia: the environmental samples (plated onto nonn ... | 2003 | 12843060 |
| encouraging vietnamese-american women to obtain pap tests through lay health worker outreach and media education. | five times more vietnamese-american women develop cervical cancer than white women. few studies have examined whether community-based participatory research can effectively address asian immigrants' health problems. this article reports the preliminary evaluation of 1 such project. | 2003 | 12848834 |
| california's new law allowing surrogate consent for clinical research involving subjects with impaired decision-making capacity. | | 2003 | 12861989 |
| lack of detectable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection during 1072 person-years of observation. | we examined consecutive protease (pr) and reverse transcriptase (rt) sequences from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-infected individuals, to distinguish changes resulting from sequence evolution due to possible superinfection. between july 1997 and december 2001, >/=2 pr and rt samples from 718 persons were sequenced at stanford university hospital. thirty-seven persons had highly divergent sequence pairs characterized by a nucleotide distance of >4.5% in pr or >3.0% in rt. in 16 of 37 ... | 2003 | 12870121 |
| increased use of lipid-lowering therapy in patients receiving human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors. | although human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease inhibitors (pis) improve survival in patients with hiv infection, many patients receiving pis develop hyperlipidemia, which may increase risk of future coronary events. the purpose of this study was to estimate the changing prevalence of lipid-lowering therapy (llt) in patients with hiv and to evaluate its association with the use of hiv pis. this was a cross-sectional study of adults with hiv infection who were registered in the medicaid of c ... | 2003 | 12888129 |
| acute promyelocytic leukaemia in patients originating in latin america is associated with an increased frequency of the bcr1 subtype of the pml/raralpha fusion gene. | the pml/raralpha fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (apl) has three subtypes based on the breakpoint site of the pml gene: long (bcr1), short (bcr3) and variable (bcr2) subtypes. the pml/raralpha fusion protein is involved in the pathogenesis of apl and the breakpoint site of the pml gene might be associated with aetiological factor(s). because apl is over-represented in patients that originate in latin america (latinos), we evaluated whether the distribution of the pml/raralpha fusion ... | 2003 | 12899711 |
| mixture distribution analysis of phenotypic markers reflecting hfe gene mutations. | the goal of this study was to determine whether statistical modeling of population data for a phenotypic marker could reflect a major locus gene defect. identifying mutations in the hfe gene makes it possible to assess the association between transferrin saturation (ts) subpopulations and hfe mutations. data were analyzed from 27 895 white patients who attended a health appraisal clinic and who had ts and common mutations of hfe determined. mixture distribution modeling of ts was performed, and ... | 2003 | 12907432 |
| does postpartum length of stay affect breastfeeding duration? a population-based study. | short postpartum hospital stays may leave inadequate time for women to receive assistance with breastfeeding. women leaving the hospital early may also have household responsibilities that could interfere with breastfeeding. this study examined the relationship between postpartum length of stay and breastfeeding cessation. | 2003 | 12911797 |
| population-based study of non-hodgkin lymphoma, histology, and medical history among human immunodeficiency virus-negative participants in san francisco. | a population-based case-control study of non-hodgkin lymphoma was conducted in the san francisco bay area of california from 1988 to 1995. the study used working formulation histologic subtypes of non-hodgkin lymphoma. diffuse and immunoblastic large-cell lymphomas and all follicular lymphomas were combined to reflect two revised european-american lymphoma (real) classifications. results were obtained from age- and sex-adjusted polytomous multivariable logistic models for 1,304 cases and 2,402 c ... | 2003 | 12915497 |
| outbreaks of aseptic meningitis associated with echoviruses 9 and 30 and preliminary surveillance reports on enterovirus activity--united states, 2003. | aseptic or viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is associated with an estimated 26,000--42,000 hospitalizations each year in the united states. enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. echovirus 9 (e9) and echovirus 30 (e30) have been associated frequently with outbreaks of aseptic meningitis. during march 2003, several state public health departments noted increased reports of aseptic meningitis and, as of august 7, seven states (arizona, california, ... | 2003 | 12917581 |
| preventing hiv in injection drug users: choosing the best mix of interventions for the population. | injection drug users (idus) transmit the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) via both needle sharing and sex. this analysis explores the effects of population risk behaviors, intervention effectiveness, intervention costs, and budget and capacity constraints when allocating funds between two prevention programs to maximize effectiveness. the two interventions, methadone maintenance and street outreach, address different types of risk behavior. we developed a model of the spread of hiv and divided ... | 2003 | 12930884 |
| phenobarbital use and bladder cancer risk. | two epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between use of phenobarbital (pb) and bladder cancer development. it was proposed that pb use protects against bladder cancer by inducing enzymes that participate in the detoxification of human bladder carcinogens, such as the aminobiphenyls and naphthylamines, which are found in cigarette smoke. | 2003 | 12952139 |
| a blogger in their midst. | it was five minutes before show time, and only 15 people had wandered into the conference room to hear lancaster-webb ceo will somerset introduce the company's latest line of surgical gloves. more important, sales prospect samuel taylor, medical director of the houston clinic, had failed to show. will walked out of the ballroom to steady his nerves and noticed a spillover crowd down the hall. he made a "what's up?" gesture to judy chen, lancaster-webb's communications chief. she came over to him ... | 2003 | 12964391 |
| safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling. | to examine the relationship between the numbers of people walking or bicycling and the frequency of collisions between motorists and walkers or bicyclists. the common wisdom holds that the number of collisions varies directly with the amount of walking and bicycling. however, three published analyses of collision rates at specific intersections found a non-linear relationship, such that collisions rates declined with increases in the numbers of people walking or bicycling. | 2003 | 12966006 |
| california encephalitis virus, a newly described agent. | in three cases of encephalitis in humans that occurred in the area where the newly described california virus was isolated from mosquitoes, serological evidence seemed to indict the california virus as the etiological agent. in the case of an infant with very severe disease, the serological evidence was convincing; the evidence was almost as strong in the case of a seven-year-old boy; the results in an adult were equivocal. inapparent infection in man is quite common as indicated by neutralizati ... | 1952 | 13009479 |
| the 1952 outbreak of encephalitis in california; epidemiologic aspects. | for the most part, epidemiologic phenomena observed in the outbreak of encephalitis in 1952 accorded with patterns that had been apparent in previous years. ninety-seven per cent of the 414 laboratory-confirmed cases of western equine and st. louis encephalitis in humans occurred in the 20 central valley counties. the cases of western equine encephalomyelitis in horses were generally scattered over the state. in the central valley most of the cases in horses were in animals less than two years o ... | 1953 | 13067018 |
| preparing a new workforce. | human caring, while instinctive, can also be taught, learned, and measured through the nursing education system. for decades information has been obtained that suggests people enter nursing because they value interpersonal relationships, altruism, and a desire to help others. building on this "caring ethic," nursing students can be professionally trained so that the very best in nursing comes through in their practice. by using nursing theory, students realize their potential while gaining all r ... | 2003 | 13677186 |
| strontium-90 in human vertebrae, march 1962--march 1963. | | 1963 | 14061182 |
| trace metal levels in human serum and blood. | | 1964 | 14067551 |
| a continuing surveillance of enterovirus infections in healthy children in six united states cities. i. viruses isolated during 1960 and 1961. | | 1963 | 14071359 |
| studies on linkage between galactosaemia and the blood groups. | | 1963 | 14081484 |
| human respiratory diseases and atmospheric air pollution in los angeles, california. | | 1964 | 14167162 |
| injury to human tissues from sea urchin spines. | | 1964 | 14199091 |
| a case of human sparganosis from california. | | 1964 | 14209294 |
| a longitudinal study of blood pressure. | | 1964 | 14235262 |
| a survey of tide-washed coastal areas of southern california for fungi potentially pathogenic to man. | | 1964 | 14244842 |
| experiences of public health nurses in obtaining family pedigrees. | | 1965 | 14255450 |
| isolation of california encephalitis group virus from a fatal human illness. | | 1965 | 14261030 |
| epidemiology of persistent cough. | | 1965 | 14280941 |
| aseptic meningitis associated with echo virus type 9 infection. with special reference to variability by sex and incidence of paralytic sequelae. | the clinical and clinical laboratory findings in a group of 104 patients with aseptic meningitis associated with echo-9 infection were widely variable.a male to female case ratio of 3.7:1 was noted, and the mean age of the female group was significantly greater than that of the male group. the median of cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts was significantly higher in the male than in the female patients. clinical manifestations of the disease were similar to those noted in other reports. residua ... | 1965 | 14288142 |
| ethnic differences in childhood leukemia as revealed by a study of antecedent variables. | | 1965 | 14308226 |
| human cardiovascular diseases and atmospheric air pollution in los angeles, california. | | 1965 | 14327993 |
| immunization against viral diseases. | means are now at hand, if properly employed, to virtually eliminate clinical poliomyelitis and measles from this country. if such control is to be accomplished, more effective means are required to reach virtually all of the four million infants born each year in this country. influenza can be suppressed, and improvements in influenza vaccine have been achieved in recent years. it seems likely at this time that at least several of the more important viral diseases can be controlled by utilizing ... | 1965 | 14347979 |
| sediment microbial community composition and methylmercury pollution at four mercury mine-impacted sites. | mercury pollution presents a globally significant threat to human and ecosystem health. an important transformation in the mercury cycle is the conversion of inorganic mercury to methylmercury, a toxic substance that negatively affects neurological function and bioaccumulates in food chains. this transformation is primarily bacterially mediated, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) have been specifically implicated as key mercury methylators in lake and estuarine sediments. this study used phosph ... | 2003 | 14502415 |
| how does premature ejaculation impact a man s life? | no systematic study has examined the psychological impact of premature ejaculation (pe) on the man and his partner. this study explores this vital issue by reporting on interviews of 28 men with self-diagnosed pe. from a qualitative perspective, these interviews assess whether these men had concerns about their pe and, if so, what they were. these men focused on two major themes: impact on self-confidence and future/current relationships. this suggests that pe has a similar qualitative impact on ... | 2003 | 14504007 |
| effects of a behavioral intervention, tai chi chih, on varicella-zoster virus specific immunity and health functioning in older adults. | both the incidence and severity of herpes zoster (shingles) increase markedly with increasing age in association with a decline in varicella-zoster virus (vzv) specific cell-mediated immunity (cmi). this study examined whether a behavioral intervention, tai chi chih (tcc), affects vzv specific immunity and health functioning in older adults who, on average, show impairments of health status and are at risk for shingles. | 2003 | 14508027 |
| losing it. hhs seeks to cut tenet hospital from federal programs. | | 2003 | 14520827 |
| hospital ceo indicted under the anti-kickback statute for physician recruiting activities. | | 2003 | 14528653 |
| regional variation in the cost effectiveness of childhood hepatitis a immunization. | routine childhood hepatitis a immunization is recommended in regions with incidence rates twice the national average, but it may be cost-effective in a wider geographic area. | 2003 | 14551492 |
| genetic variation of infant reduced folate carrier (a80g) and risk of orofacial and conotruncal heart defects. | how folate reduces the risks of congenital anomalies is unknown. the authors focused on a gene involved in folate transport-reduced folate carrier-1 gene (rfc1). using data from a california case-control study (1987-1989 births), the authors investigated whether the risks of orofacial clefts or conotruncal heart defects were influenced by a polymorphism of infant rfc1 or by an interaction between the rfc1 gene and maternal periconceptional use of vitamins containing folic acid. a total of 305 li ... | 2003 | 14561664 |
| statistical properties of bold magnetic resonance activity in the human brain. | we investigated the random variability of bold (blood oxygen level dependent) activation during rest, or null-hypothesis, conditions in which the observers were neither receiving controlled sensory stimuli nor performing cognitive tasks. the data indicate that the distributions for the bold variation across space are skewed, with non-gaussian tails, while the distributions for the temporal variation within individual voxels are predominantly gaussian. the proportion of voxels that show non-gauss ... | 2003 | 14568479 |
| two new epimeric pairs of acetogenins bearing a carbonyl group from annona cherimolia seeds. | further studies on the seeds of annona cherimolia have led to the isolation of two pairs of annonaceous acetogenins, a mixture of epimers of annomolon a (1) and 34-epi-annomolon a (1'), and a mixture of epimers of annomolon b (2) and 34-epi-annomolon b (2'), containing a rare gamma-hydroxymethyl-gamma-lactone moiety and a carbonyl group. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods, and their absolute stereochemistry was solved by preparing their respective ... | 2003 | 14575439 |
| antiretroviral drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected source patients for occupational exposures to healthcare workers. | to assess the prevalence of hiv antiretroviral resistance among source patients for occupational hiv exposures. | 2003 | 14587931 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in u.s. mothers' milk. | no previous reports exist on polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners in human milk from individual u.s. mothers. this article on pbdes is an extension of our previous studies on concentrations of dioxins, dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other chlorinated organic compounds in human milk in a number of countries. pbde commercial products are used as flame retardants in flexible polyurethane foam (penta-bde), in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins (octa-bde), and in high-imp ... | 2003 | 14594622 |
| cost-effectiveness of transfusion of platelet components prepared with pathogen inactivation treatment in the united states. | the intercept blood system (ibs) for platelets has been developed to reduce pathogen transmission risks during transfusions. | 2003 | 14604745 |
| culture as a resource for mental health. | this article is based on the author's address at the national multicultural conference and summit iii in los angeles, california, in january 2003. the author focuses on culture as a resource--a resource for theories that can inform one's understanding of human behavior; a resource for healing, self-help, and positive emotions; a resource for clinical practice; and a resource for mental health and wellness. the author uses a healing story from native culture to describe the essence of his relatio ... | 2003 | 14609366 |
| court-ordered hiv testing not mandated in domestic dispute. | | 2003 | 14626915 |
| increased human immunodeficiency virus loads in active methamphetamine users are explained by reduced effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. | abuse of methamphetamine (meth) is a frequent comorbidity among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1. in cell cultures and animal models, meth accelerates retroviral replication. to determine whether meth increases hiv replication in humans, we evaluated hiv loads in hiv-positive meth users and nonusers. we studied 3 groups: tox+, active meth use and positive urine toxicology results; meth(+)tox-, previous meth dependence/abuse and negative urine toxicology results ... | 2003 | 14673760 |
| habitat preferences and phenology of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in southwestern virginia. | recently, the number of reported human cases of la crosse encephalitis, an illness caused by mosquito-borne la crosse virus (lac), has increased in southwestern virginia, resulting in a need for better understanding of the virus cycle and the biology of its vectors in the region. this study examined the spatial and temporal distributions of the primary vector of lac, ochlerotatus triseriatus (say), and a potential secondary vector, aedes albopictus (skuse). ovitrapping surveys were conducted in ... | 2003 | 14680103 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a coastal region of california. | a study was conducted in santa cruz county to estimate the prevalence and distribution of the agents of lyme disease, human granulocytic (hge), and human monocytic (hme) ehrlichiosis in 1,187 adult ixodid ticks collected from eight public-use recreation areas over a 2-yr period. borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 44 of 776 (5.67%) ixodes pacificus ticks and in 3 of 58 (5.17%) dermacentor variabilis ticks. anaplasma phag ... | 2003 | 14680123 |
| internet use and early syphilis infection among men who have sex with men--san francisco, california, 1999-2003. | during the summer of 1999, an outbreak of early syphilis among men who have sex with men (msm) who met their sex partners on the internet presaged a rapidly expanding syphilis epidemic in san francisco. by 2002, san francisco had the highest rates of primary and secondary syphilis of any metropolitan area in the united states. during 1998-2002, the number of early syphilis cases increased, from 41 cases in 1998 to 495 cases in 2002. concomitant with the increase in early syphilis was an increase ... | 2003 | 14681596 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2002. | during 2002, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,967 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 7.2% from the 7,436 cases in non-human animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 2001. more than 92% (7,375 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 7.4% (592) were in domestic species (compared with 93.3% in wild animals and 6.7% in domestic species in 2001). compared with cases reported in 2001, the numbers of ... | 2003 | 14690203 |
| economic and social impacts of la crosse encephalitis in western north carolina. | la crosse encephalitis (lace), a human illness caused by a mosquito-transmitted virus, is endemic in western north carolina. to assess the economic and social impacts of the illness, 25 serologically confirmed lace case patients and/or families were interviewed to obtain information on the economic costs and social burden of the disease. the total direct and indirect medical costs associated with lace over 89.6 life years accumulated from the onset of illness to the date of interview for 24 pati ... | 2003 | 14695088 |
| active smoking, household passive smoking, and breast cancer: evidence from the california teachers study. | there is great interest in whether exposure to tobacco smoke, a substance containing human carcinogens, may contribute to a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. to date, literature addressing this question has been mixed, and the question has seldom been examined in large prospective study designs. | 2004 | 14709736 |
| hospital on the block. hhs agrees to sale of troubled tenet facility to avoid its exclusion from medicare and medicaid. | | 2003 | 14712742 |
| raccoon roundworm eggs near homes and risk for larva migrans disease, california communities. | the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of serious or fatal larva migrans disease in humans and animals. we assessed the potential for infection in three northern california communities by determining the density and distribution of raccoon latrines, where transmission primarily occurs, and the prevalence of eggs at private residences. we collected fecal samples from 215 latrines and found that 44%-53% of the latrines contained b. procyonis eggs and ... | 2003 | 14720389 |
| human death associated with bat rabies--california, 2003. | rabies is a rapidly progressive, incurable viral encephalitis that is, with rare exception, transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal. on september 14, 2003, a previously healthy man aged 66 years who resided in trinity county, california, died from rabies approximately 6 weeks after being bitten by a bat. this report summarizes the investigation by the trinity and shasta county health departments and the california department of health services (cdhs). persons should avoid direct contact wi ... | 2004 | 14737062 |
| penetrance of the fragile x-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome in a premutation carrier population. | premutation expansions (55-200 cgg repeats) of the fragile x mental retardation 1 (fmr1) gene are frequent in the general population, with estimated prevalences of 1 per 259 females and 1 per 813 males. several articles have recently described the presence of late-onset neurological symptoms in male carriers of premutation (fmr1) alleles. the main clinical features described in this newly identified syndrome are cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor. additional documented symptoms include short ... | 2004 | 14747503 |
| a founder mutation of the msh2 gene and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in the united states. | hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (hnpcc), also known as lynch syndrome, is caused by mutations in the mismatch repair genes and confers an extraordinarily high risk of colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. however, while carriers of these mutations should be identified, counseled, and offered clinical surveillance, at present the mutations are not tested for in mutation analyses. | 2004 | 14871915 |
| safety of cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine in a large cohort of children and adolescents. | to determine the safety of cold-adapted trivalent intranasal influenza virus vaccine (caiv) in children and adolescents. | 2004 | 14872180 |
| using the internet for partner notification of sexually transmitted diseases--los angeles county, california, 2003. | an estimated one third of internet visits by persons aged > or =18 years are to sexually oriented websites, chat rooms, and news groups that enable users to view sexual images or participate in online discussions of a sexual nature. although so-called "virtual sex" carries no risk for transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (stds), including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), use of the internet to find partners for actual sexual activity does carry such risk. during 2001-2003, of 759 men ... | 2004 | 14981362 |
| research oversight and adults with cognitive impairment. | | 2003 | 14983552 |
| acquisition of different isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum by ixodes scapularis from a model animal. | the prevalence of etiologic agents in ticks reflects the intensity of their transmission in natural cycles and is an important measure of their potential to cause human disease. the distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum within the range of its primary vectors is patchy. even nearby sites differ dramatically in the prevalence of anaplasma in questing ticks. we hypothesized that this irregular distribution may be due in part to variations in acquisition rates of different isolates of a. phagoc ... | 2004 | 15018773 |
| body counts and murder rates: the contested statistics of western violence. [review of: mckanna cv, jr. race and homicide in nineteenth-century california. reno, university of nevada press, 2002; peterson del mar d. beaten down: a history interpersonal violence in the west. seattle, university of washington press, 2002]. | | 2003 | 15025068 |
| toward general experimentation and discovery in conditioned laboratory spaces: part i. experimental ph change findings at some remote sites. | to fulfill the general scientific method requirement for one of our earlier minnesota experiments, namely that laboratory spaces operated by other investigators at different sites in the united states can be conditioned to a higher electromagnetic gauge symmetry state than our normal background state and such a space can be specifically tuned so that the ph of purified water in equilibrium with air will be increased by approximately 1.0 ph unit with no chemical additions. | 2004 | 15025888 |
| tenet to offer discounts. | | 2004 | 15029817 |
| transmission. parolee who bit office after claiming hiv, gets 13 years. | | 2004 | 15045983 |
| development of acute inhalation reference exposure levels (rels) to protect the public from predictable excursions of airborne toxicants. | uniform guidelines have been developed for the derivation of 1-h acute inhalation reference exposure levels (rels) applicable to the general public exposed routinely to hazardous substances released into the environment. existing acute exposure guidance values developed by other organizations have been examined, and strengths and weaknesses in these existing guidelines have been identified. the results of that examination have led to the development of a reproducible and resource-intensive metho ... | 2004 | 15052612 |
| identifying work organization targets for a work-related musculoskeletal symptom prevention program. | while research linking work organization factors to work-related musculoskeletal disorders has been increasing, there is still a need to delineate specific dimensions to be targeted by intervention programs. the present cross-sectional investigation identified work organization risk factors for low back (lb) and upper extremity (ue) symptoms and determined the magnitudes of such associations. questionnaires containing items on ergonomic, individual psychosocial, and occupational psychosocial fac ... | 2004 | 15055501 |
| human behaviors elevating exposure to ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs and their associated bacterial zoonotic agents in a hardwood forest. | epidemiological evidence suggests that the nymph of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls, is the primary vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, to humans in northwestern california. in spring 2002, six different human behaviors were evaluated as potential risk factors for acquiring i. pacificus nymphs in a deciduous woodland in mendocino county, california. also, the prevalence of b. burgdorferi sen ... | 2004 | 15061284 |
| dr. moreau has left the island: dealing with human-animal patents in the 21st century. | | 2000 | 15080119 |
| reptiles, amphibians, and human salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study. | to estimate the burden of reptile- and amphibian-associated salmonella infections, we conducted 2 case-control studies of human salmonellosis occurring during 1996-1997. the studies took place at 5 foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) surveillance areas: all of minnesota and oregon and selected counties in california, connecticut, and georgia. the first study included 463 patients with serogroup b or d salmonella infection and 7618 population-based controls. the second study ... | 2004 | 15095197 |
| mri: are you playing your system like a fiddle or a stradivarius? where we are headed and how to keep up. | dr. raymond damadian performed the first human magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scan in 1977. unveiled from behind the research curtain, mri technology was introduced to the clinical environment by the mid 1980s. most academic and largehospitals lined up right away and purchased their first scanners as soon as they became available. the race began, and the mri learning process at radiology departments all over the world started. as with any growing technology, came a surge of competition--manufa ... | 2004 | 15098902 |
| genetic landmarks through philately - autism spectrum disorders: a genetic update. | autism spectrum disorders (asd) represent a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders that present a challenge to geneticists because of their complex etiology and inheritance. this article reviews some of the advances in our understanding of causation in asd and the role in which molecular genetic investigations have helped in unraveling the mystery of asd. there have been few postage stamps issued relevant to asd. because of the need for early diagnosis and improved recognition, some coun ... | 2004 | 15099341 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella infection in american free-ranging and captive pumas (felis concolor) and bobcats (lynx rufus). | bartonella henselae is the main agent of cat scratch disease in humans and domestic cats are the main reservoir of this bacterium. we conducted a serosurvey to investigate the role of american wild felids as a potential reservoir of bartonella species. a total of 479 samples (439 serum samples and 40 nobuto strips) collected between 1984 and 1999 from pumas (felis concolor) and 91 samples (58 serum samples and 33 nobuto strips) collected from bobcats (lynx rufus) in north america, central americ ... | 2004 | 15099499 |
| new report profiles syringe access in california. | a case study conducted by human rights watch in california reveals that counties have to declare a local health emergency if they want to set up a needle exchange program. even where such programs have been established, police harrassment of the needle exchange clients is widespread. | 2003 | 15108654 |
| reemerging leptospirosis, california. | leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease in california. leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world, though it is infrequently diagnosed in the continental united states. from 1982 to 2001, most reported california cases occurred in previously healthy young adult white men after recreational exposures to contaminated freshwater. we report five recent cases of human leptospirosis acquired in california, including the first documented common-source outbreak of human ... | 2004 | 15109405 |
| operational conditions affecting the vaccination of older adults. | the content and context of the process of vaccinating older adults against influenza in outpatient settings has not been adequately described. failure to appreciate the causal antecedents or precursors to the act of provider recommendation may explain why so many efficacious interventions identified by the u.s. task force on community preventive services fail to be routinely implemented and why influenza immunization rates have remained static over the past decade. | 2004 | 15110051 |
| california dog owner awarded 39,000 dollars in veterinary malpractice suit. | | 2004 | 15112764 |
| sexual relationships, secondary syringe exchange, and gender differences in hiv risk among drug injectors. | injection drug use continues to place women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) through both risky injecting practices and risky sexual behavior with male injection drug users (idus). although attendance at syringe-exchange programs (seps) is protective against hiv, a recent study found that women attending seps who exchanged syringes for other people (secondary exchange) were at greater risk for hiv seroconversion, potentially through risky sexual behavior. we examined this question ... | 2004 | 15136658 |
| comparison of hiv infection risk behaviors among injection drug users from east and west coast us cities. | this study assessed whether behavioral differences explained higher human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among injection drug users (idus) in three east coast versus two west coast cities in the united states. sociodemographic, sexual, and injecting information were collected during semiannual face-to-face interviews. baseline data from new york city; baltimore, maryland; and new haven, connecticut, were compared with data from los angeles, california, and san jose, california. amon ... | 2004 | 15136659 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| the effect of opening windows on air change rates in two homes. | more than 300 air change rate experiments were completed in two occupied residences: a two-story detached house in redwood city, ca, and a three-story townhouse in reston, va. a continuous monitor was used to measure the decay of sf6 tracer gas over periods of 1-18 hr. each experiment first included a measurement of the air change rate with all exterior doors and windows closed (state 0), then a measurement with the single change from state 0 conditions of opening one or more windows. the overal ... | 2002 | 15143789 |
| language revitalization in native north america--issues of intellectual property rights and intellectual sovereignty. | language revitalization, oral tradition and epistemology are expressions of native peoples intellectual sovereignty, and thus the foundation for indigenous intellectual property rights. as the people of california move towards language and cultural revitalization the question arises: what constitutes or constructs the definitions of intellectual property and how can appropriation of indigenous knowledge be protected? looking at the issues faced by the california's indigenous populace and by impl ... | 2004 | 15156749 |
| body mass index, leptin and leptin receptor polymorphisms, and non-hodgkin lymphoma. | in a population-based case-control study, obesity was associated with elevated odds ratios (ors) for non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl), and the two major subtypes, diffuse large cell (dlcl) and follicular lymphoma (fl). those who were obese (body mass index >/= 30) were up to three times more likely to develop nhl or its major subtypes than persons with body mass index of 20 to <25. obesity-related genetic factors including common polymorphisms in the leptin gene (lep a19g and g-2548a) and its receptor ... | 2004 | 15159310 |
| really, most sincerely dead: policy and procedure in the diagnosis of death by neurologic criteria. | | 2004 | 15159462 |
| antiretroviral adherence in persons with hiv/aids and severe mental illness. | this study identified factors impacting adherence to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) therapies in a sample of 46 persons diagnosed with hiv/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and severe mental illness who were receiving care through a day care program in northern california. comprehensive descriptions of factors and circumstances that influence adherence behaviors were obtained through critical incident interviews, and a taxonomy of adherence factors was determined. a chi2 analysis that exam ... | 2004 | 15167402 |
| pcr detection of pathogenic viruses in southern california urban rivers. | to investigate human viral contamination in urban rivers and its impact on coastal waters of southern california, usa. | 2004 | 15186438 |
| death and dying in america: the prison industrial complex's impact on women's health. | | 2003 | 15199931 |