| endogenous estrogen status, but not genistein supplementation, modulates 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mutation in the liver cii gene of transgenic big blue rats. | a growing number of studies suggest that isoflavones found in soybeans have estrogenic activity and may safely alleviate the symptoms of menopause. one of these isoflavones, genistein, is commonly used by postmenopausal women as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. although sex hormones have been implicated as an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, there are limited data on the potential effects of the estrogens, including phytoestrogens, on chemical ... | 2005 | 15662719 |
| enumerative and binomial sequential sampling plans for soybean aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in soybean. | since the discovery of the soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura, in midwestern u.s. soybean, glycine max l., in 2000, the aphid has become a significant economic pest. basic information about estimating population density within fields is unknown. therefore, we developed two sampling plans to efficiently characterize a. glycines densities. enumerative and binomial sequential plans were developed using 89 data sets collected from 10 commercial fields sampled during 2001-2003. re-sampling softw ... | 2004 | 15666774 |
| aspergillus oryzae gb-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and feed soybean meals. | this study evaluated the effect of fermentation on the nutritional quality of food-grade soybeans and feed-grade soybean meals. soybeans and soybean meals were fermented by aspergillus oryzae gb-107 in a bed-packed solid fermentor for 48 hours. after fermentation, their nutrient contents as well as trypsin inhibitor were measured and compared with those of raw soybeans and soybean meals. proteins were extracted from fermented and non-fermented soybeans and soybean meals, and the peptide characte ... | 2004 | 15671685 |
| insecticidal components from field pea extracts: soyasaponins and lysolecithins. | extracts from field peas (pisum sativum l.) have previously been shown to have a utility to control insect pests. to identify potentially new bioinsecticides in field crops, we describe the fractionation of impure extracts (c8 extracts) derived from protein-rich fractions of commercial pea flour. the activity of separated fractions was determined by a flour disk antifeedant bioassay with the rice weevil [sitophilus oryzae (l.)], an insect pest of stored products. bioassay-guided fractionation sh ... | 2004 | 15675793 |
| accumulation of genistein and daidzein, soybean isoflavones implicated in promoting human health, is significantly elevated by irrigation. | to circumvent drought conditions persisting during seed fill in the mid-south u.s. soybean production region, researchers have developed the early soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) production system (esps), which entails early planting of short-season varieties. because soybean supplies a preponderance of the world's protein and oil and consumption of soy-based foods has been associated with multiple health benefits, the effects of this agronomic practice on seed quality traits such as protein, o ... | 2004 | 15675806 |
| novel avidin-like protein from a root nodule symbiotic bacterium, bradyrhizobium japonicum. | bradyrhizobium japonicum is an important nitrogenfixing symbiotic bacterium, which can form root nodules on soybeans. these bacteria have a gene encoding a putative avidin- and streptavidin-like protein, which bears an amino acid sequence identity of only about 30% over the core regions with both of them. we produced this protein in escherichia coli both as the full-length wild type and as a c-terminally truncated core form and showed that it is indeed a high affinity biotin-binding protein that ... | 2005 | 15695809 |
| inhibitory effects of volatile antioxidants found in various beans on malonaldehyde formation in horse blood plasma. | the inhibitory effect of aroma extracts isolated from dried soybeans, mung beans, kidney beans, and azuki beans on malonaldehyde (ma) formation from horse blood plasma oxidized with fenton's reagent was determined by gas chromatography (gc) coupled with nitrogen-phosphorus detector (npd). aroma chemicals such as maltol, eugenol, benzyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, butyrolactone, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, found in the aroma extracts of beans, were also examined for their inhibitory effect on the same ... | 2005 | 15721197 |
| genomic analysis of a region encompassing qrfs1 and qrfs2: genes that underlie soybean resistance to sudden death syndrome. | candidate genes were identified for two loci, qrfs2 providing resistance to the leaf scorch called soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) sudden death syndrome (sds) and qrfs1 providing resistance to root infection by the causal pathogen fusarium solani f.sp. glycines. the 7.5 +/- 0.5 cm region of chromosome 18 (linkage group g) was shown to encompass a cluster of resistance loci using recombination events from 4 near-isogenic line populations and 9 dna markers. the dna markers anchored 9 physical map ... | 2005 | 15729404 |
| snp identification and snap marker development for a gmnark gene controlling supernodulation in soybean. | supernodulation in soybean (glycine max l. merr.) is an important source of nitrogen supply to subterranean ecological systems. single nucleotide-amplified polymorphism (snap) markers for supernodulation should allow rapid screening of the trait in early growth stages, without the need for inoculation and phenotyping. the gene gmnark (glycine max nodule autoregulation receptor kinase), controlling autoregulation of nodulation, was found to have a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) between the ... | 2005 | 15731930 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase. involvement of carboxylesterase-like proteins in leguminous isoflavone biosynthesis. | isoflavonoids are ecophysiologically active secondary metabolites of the leguminosae and known for health-promoting phytoestrogenic functions. isoflavones are synthesized by 1,2-elimination of water from 2-hydroxyisoflavanones, the first intermediate with the isoflavonoid skeleton, but details of this dehydration have been unclear. we screened the extracts of repeatedly fractionated escherichia coli expressing a glycyrrhiza echinata cdna library for the activity to convert a radiolabeled precurs ... | 2005 | 15734910 |
| low-salt o-miso produced from koji fermentation of oncom improves redox state and cholesterolemia in rats more than low-salt soybean-miso. | the author prepared low-salt miso by koji fermentation using soy-oncom and okara-oncom (9:1), at which time soybeans and okara were fermented with neurospora intermedia (oncom miso, i.e. o-miso). its usefulness as a seasoning, as well as high antioxidative activity in vitro and antimutagenicity have already been presented. in this study, the antioxidative activity of o-miso in vivo, as well as serum cholesterol-lowering action, were investigated concerning contribution to health. in rats fed o-m ... | 2004 | 15754498 |
| isoflavones and bone: animal and human evidence of efficacy. | previous reports of soy extracts and isoflavone-enriched preparations studied in animals and humans have found that these molecules, when given at appropriate doses, have positive effects on the skeleton, including improvements in bone mineral content (bmc) and bone mineral density (bmd). a reduction in fracture risk of human subjects has not yet been shown in a prospective trial. isoflavones, which exist in significant amounts only in soybeans, exert estrogen-like effects in human bone cells be ... | 2002 | 15758427 |
| toxicity of insecticides in a glass-vial bioassay to adult brown, green, and southern green stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae). | adult brown, euschistus servus (say); green, acrosternum hilare (say); and southern green, nezara viridula (l.), stink bugs were collected from soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., in fall 2001 and 2002 near stoneville, ms, and eudora, ar. a glass-vial bioassay was used to determine lc50 values for the three species of stink bugs for the pyrethroids bifenthrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin, and the organophosphates acephate, dicrotophos, malathion, and methyl parathio ... | 2005 | 15765680 |
| rna interference of soybean isoflavone synthase genes leads to silencing in tissues distal to the transformation site and to enhanced susceptibility to phytophthora sojae. | isoflavones are thought to play diverse roles in plant-microbe interactions and are also potentially important to human nutrition and medicine. isoflavone synthase (ifs) is a key enzyme for the formation of the isoflavones. here, we examined the consequences of rnai silencing of genes for this enzyme in soybean (glycine max). soybean cotyledon tissues were transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying an rnai silencing construct designed to silence expression of both copies of ifs genes. ap ... | 2005 | 15778457 |
| partial reconstruction of flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis in yeast using soybean type i and type ii chalcone isomerases. | flavonoids and isoflavonoids are major plant secondary metabolites that mediate diverse biological functions and exert significant ecological impacts. these compounds play important roles in many essential physiological processes. in addition, flavonoids and isoflavonoids have direct but complex effects on human health, ranging from reducing cholesterol levels and preventing certain cancers to improving women's health. in this study, we cloned and functionally characterized five soybean (glycine ... | 2005 | 15778463 |
| gmn70 and ljn70. anion transporters of the symbiosome membrane of nodules with a transport preference for nitrate. | a cdna was isolated from soybean (glycine max) nodules that encodes a putative transporter (gmn70) of the major facilitator superfamily. gmn70 is expressed predominantly in mature nitrogen-fixing root nodules. by western-blot and immunocytochemical analyses, gmn70 was localized to the symbiosome membrane of infected root nodule cells, suggesting a transport role in symbiosis. to investigate its transport function, crna encoding gmn70 was expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes, and two-electrode vol ... | 2005 | 15793072 |
| assessment of novel foods in animal nutrition. | composition of feeds from gmo crops were determined as well as digestion and feeding experiments were carried out with broilers (bt-corn), layers (bt-corn, pat-corn), pigs (bt-corn, pat-sugar beet, soybeans), sheep (bt-corn silage, pat-corn silage), growing bulls (bt-corn silage) and fistulated cows (bt-corn silage). up to now, no significant differences in nutritional value between feeds from isogenic and transgenic plants of the first generation were observed. the so-called substantial equival ... | 2003 | 15806924 |
| ectopic expression of a soybean phytase in developing seeds of glycine max to improve phosphorus availability. | a transgenic approach was used to alter soybean seed phytate content by expressing a soybean phytase gene (gmphy) during seed development to degrade accumulating phytic acid (ip6). an expression vector containing the soybean phytase cdna controlled by the seed-specific beta-conglycinin promoter (alpha'-subunit) was used to transform embryogenic soybean cultures. plants from four independent transgenic lines were analyzed for transgene integration and seed ip6 levels. the reduction in ip6 levels ... | 2004 | 15821988 |
| a systematic proteomic study of seed filling in soybean. establishment of high-resolution two-dimensional reference maps, expression profiles, and an interactive proteome database. | a high-throughput proteomic approach was employed to determine the expression profile and identity of hundreds of proteins during seed filling in soybean (glycine max) cv maverick. soybean seed proteins were analyzed at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after flowering using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. this led to the establishment of high-resolution proteome reference maps, expression profiles of 679 spots, and corr ... | 2005 | 15824287 |
| consumer acceptability of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched milk and cheddar cheese from cows grazing on pasture. | two experiments were conducted to study the consumer acceptability attributes of conjugated linoleic acid (cla)-enriched milk and cheese from cows grazing on pasture. in experiment 1, 15 cows were fed either a diet containing 51% alfalfa hay plus corn silage and 49% concentrate [total mixed ration (tmr)], were grazed on pasture, or were grazed on pasture and received 3.2 kg/d of a grain mix. the grain mix contained 75% full-fat extruded soybeans (ffes), 10% corn, 10% beet pulp, and 5% molasses. ... | 2005 | 15829677 |
| a kunitz trypsin inhibitor from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) that exerts anti-metabolic effect on podborer (helicoverpa armigera) larvae. | chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seeds contain bowman-birk proteinase inhibitors, which are ineffective against the digestive proteinases of larvae of the insect pest helicoverpa armigera. we have identified and purified a low expressing proteinase inhibitor (pi), distinct from the bowman-birk inhibitors and active against h. armigera gut proteinases (hgp), from chickpea seeds. n-terminal sequencing of this hgp inhibitor revealed a sequence similar to reported pea (pisum sativum) and chickpea alpha ... | 2005 | 15830127 |
| soybean dre-binding transcription factors that are responsive to abiotic stresses. | three dreb homologue genes, gmdreba, gmdrebb, and gmdrebc, were isolated from soybean, glycine max (l.) merr. each of the deduced proteins contains an ap2 domain of 64 amino acids. yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that all of the three dehydration-responsive, element-binding proteins specifically bound to the dehydration-responsive element. analysis of transcriptional activation abilities of these proteins in yeast indicated that gmdreba and gmdrebb could activate the expression of a reporter gen ... | 2005 | 15841365 |
| genes, genome and gestalt. | according to gestalt thinking, biological systems cannot be viewed as the sum of their elements, but as processes of the whole. to understand organisms we must start from the whole, observing how the various parts are related. in genetics, we must observe the genome over and above the sum of its genes. either loss or addition of one gene in a genome can change the function of the organism. genomes are organized in networks of genes, which need to be well integrated. in the case of genetically mo ... | 2005 | 15841441 |
| [allelopathy of root exudates from two genotypes soybeans on root pathogenic fungi]. | with biological simulation experiment and chemical analysis, this paper studied the allelopathy of carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids in the root exudates from two genotypes soybeans (9536 and jilin 30) on the pathogenic fungi of root rot. the results showed that the water soluble carbohydrates in the root exudates from test soybeans significantly promoted the growth of fusarium oxysporium and fusarium semitectum at low concentrations and inhibited their growth at high concentrations, ... | 2005 | 15852974 |
| dietary genistein improves survival and reduces expression of osteopontin in the prostate of transgenic mice with prostatic adenocarcinoma (tramp). | studies in vitro suggest that osteopontin (opn), an extracellular matrix protein secreted by macrophages infiltrating prostate tumors, and by tumor cells, may have a role in the transition from clinically insignificant tumors to metastatic prostate cancer (pc). latent pc occurs at equal rates in western and asian men, but the incidence of advanced pc is many-fold higher in western men. our earlier studies in transgenic mouse prostate adenocarcinoma (tramp) mice showed that genistein, an isoflavo ... | 2005 | 15867270 |
| environmental influences on isoflavones and saponins in soybeans and their role in colon cancer. | soybeans have long been recognized as an excellent source of high-quality protein. the soybean also contains a wide variety of chemical compounds that have potent bioactivity. among these compounds are the isoflavones and the saponins. the goal of our research was to quantify isoflavone and saponin concentrations in elite soybean cultivars grown in different environments and to identify a naturally occurring high and low variety that could be used in animal studies of colon cancer. we observed s ... | 2005 | 15867311 |
| rhg1 alleles from soybean pi 437654 and pi 88788 respond differentially to isolates of heterodera glycines in the greenhouse. | the production of resistant soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] cultivars is the most effective means for controlling losses from soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines ichinohe). the major resistance gene in most scn resistance sources is rhg1, which has been mapped as a quantitative trait locus onto linkage group g. our objective was to determine whether the scn resistance sources pi 437654 and pi 88788 have different functional alleles at rhg1 based on resistance phenotypes. population ... | 2005 | 15883792 |
| transgenic corn for control of the european corn borer and corn rootworms: a survey of midwestern farmers' practices and perceptions. | in 2001, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 1000 corn, zea mays l., farmers in each of five states (illinois, indiana, iowa, minnesota, and nebraska) to evaluate their perceptions of transgenic corn designed to control the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and corn rootworms, diabrotica spp. respondents returned 1,313 surveys (26.2%). farmers with small acreages planted a greater portion of their corn (54.5%) with transgenic corn for control of european corn borer than ... | 2005 | 15889709 |
| laboratory and field evaluations of transgenic soybean exhibiting high-dose expression of a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cry1a gene for control of lepidoptera. | transgenic lines of soybean, glycine max (l.) merrill, expressing a synthetic cry1a gene (tic107) from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), were evaluated in screenhouse and conventional field trials for efficacy against lepidopteran pests. in screenhouse trials, bt soybean and negative checks (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against anticarsia gemmatalis hübner and pseudoplusia includens (walker) in the united states and against a. gemmatalis, epinotia aporema (walsingham), rachi ... | 2005 | 15889751 |
| soybean genotypic difference in growth, nutrient accumulation and ultrastructure in response to manganese and iron supply in solution culture. | * | 2005 | 15897206 |
| antioxidant enzymes and isoflavonoids in chilled soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) seedlings. | changes of activity antioxidant enzymes and of levels of isoflavonoids were studied in the roots and hypocotyls of the etiolated soybean (glycine max (l.) merr. var. essor) seedlings, submitted to cold. prolonged exposure to 1 degrees c inhibited hypocotyl and root elongation and limited their growth after seedlings were transferred to 25 degrees c. roots were more sensitive to chilling than hypocotyls. at 1 degrees c a gradual increase in mda concentration in roots but not in hypocotyls was obs ... | 2005 | 15900882 |
| concurrent measurement of unbound genistein in the blood, brain and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis and its pharmacokinetic application. | genistein, the major isoflavone in soybeans, has been shown to have a wide range of effects. we used an hplc-uv combined with microdialysis method to detect unbound genistein in rat blood, brain and bile. genistein dialysates were eluted with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v, ph 3.5 adjusted by 0.1% acetic acid). samples were separated using a phenyl (5 microm) column maintained at ambient temperature. the uv detector wavelength was set at 259 nm. the flow rate was 1.0 m/ ... | 2005 | 15909536 |
| evaluation of the role of genes encoding for dehydrin proteins (lea d-11) during drought stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal glycine max and lactuca sativa plants. | in this study, it has been determined whether the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is able to alter the pattern of dehydrin (lea d-11 group) transcript accumulation under drought stress, and whether such a possible alteration functions in the protection of the host plants against drought. two dehydrin-encoding genes have been cloned from glycine max (gmlea 8 and gmlea 10) and one from lactuca sativa (lslea 1) and they have been analysed for their contribution to the response against drought ... | 2005 | 15911559 |
| a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of soybean beta-conglycinin, a major soybean storage protein, in soybean and soybean food products. | soybean (glycine max l.) storage proteins are composed of two major components, beta-conglycinin and glycinin, corresponding to 7s and 11s globulins, respectively. recently, soybean beta-conglycinin (7s globulin) has been reported to show beneficial functions in animals and human. to date, there is no method for the precise quantification of soybean beta-conglycinin in processed food products or soybean seeds. we report here a novel method for this purpose. at first, antibodies specifically reac ... | 2005 | 15915666 |
| comparison of farmers in the agricultural health study to the 1992 and the 1997 censuses of agriculture. | the agricultural health study (ahs) is a large, prospective cohort study in the states of iowa and north carolina that has been developed to better understand how pesticides and other agricultural exposures relate to the occurrence of cancer and other diseases. | 2005 | 15927914 |
| effect of soybean lipoxygenase on volatile generation and inhibition of aspergillus flavus mycelial growth. | volatiles generated from lipoxygenase (lox) normal and lox deficient soybean (glycine max) varieties with and without added lipase inhibited aspergillus flavus mycelial growth and aflatoxin production. soybean volatiles were analyzed using a solid phase microextraction (spme) method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). twenty-one compounds, including 11 aldehydes, three alcohols, four ketones, one furan, one alkane, and one alkene were detected in the lox normal soybean li ... | 2005 | 15941315 |
| genetic divergence between north american ancestral soybean lines and introductions with resistance to soybean cyst nematode revealed by chloroplast haplotype. | domesticated soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] is a major crop with an established ancestral relationship to wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) native to asia. soybean genetic diversity can be assessed at different levels by identification of polymorphic alleles at genetic loci, in either the plastid or nuclear genomes. the objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity based on chloroplast haplotypes for soybean genotypes present in the usda germplasm resource collection. share ... | 2005 | 15947084 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation of a serine acetyltransferase of onion, allium cepa (l.). | we have previously cloned a cdna, designated sat1, corresponding to a gene coding for a serine acetyltransferase (sat) from onion (allium cepa l.). the sat1 locus was mapped to chromosome 7 of onion using a single-stranded conformation polymorphism (sscp) in the 3' utr of the gene. northern analysis has demonstrated that expression of the sat1 gene is induced in leaf tissue in response to low s-supply. phylogenetic analysis has placed sat1 in a strongly supported group (100% bootstrap) that comp ... | 2005 | 15949827 |
| regiospecific methylation of naringenin to ponciretin by soybean o-methyltransferase expressed in escherichia coli. | flavonoids found in plants most likely undergo a variety of modification reactions such as hydroxylation, glycosylation, and/or methylation. among these, o-methylation has an effect on the solubility and thus on the antimicrobial activity of the flavonoids. we analyzed the conversion of naringenin with a methyltransferase, somt-2, from glycine max. somt-2 was expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathion s-transferase fusion protein. e. coli harboring somt-2 was grown with daidzein, geninstein, ... | 2005 | 15961179 |
| lactobacillus fermentum crl 722 is able to deliver active alpha-galactosidase activity in the small intestine of rats. | alpha-galactooligosaccharides (alpha-gos) found in legumes such as soybeans can cause gastrointestinal disorders since mammals lack alpha-galactosidase (alpha-gal) in the small intestine which is necessary for their hydrolysis. lactobacillus fermentum crl 722 is a lactic acid bacterium (lab) capable of degrading alpha-gos due to its elevated alpha-gal activity. when conventional rats were fed live l. fermentum crl 722 or cell-free extracts of this strain, a short-lived alpha-gal activity was det ... | 2005 | 15990251 |
| effects of antinutritional factors on protein digestibility and amino acid availability in foods. | digestibility of protein in traditional diets from developing countries such as india, guatemala, and brazil is considerably lower compared to that of protein in typical north american diets (54-78 versus 88-94%). the presence of less digestible protein fractions, high levels of insoluble fiber, and high concentrations of antinutritional factors in the diets of developing countries, which are based on less refined cereals and grain legumes as major sources of protein, are responsible for poor di ... | 2005 | 16001874 |
| effect of boiling and roasting on the fermentation of soybeans into dawadawa (soy-dawadawa). | soybeans which had initially been dehulled by either boiling (boiled/dehulled) or roasting (roasted/dehulled) before peeling, were cooked and fermented into dawadawa, a traditional food condiment. the micropopulation, enzymatic activities, proximate composition, amino acid, and aroma profiles of the two types of soybean dawadawa were evaluated during fermentation. only minor differences were found in the microbial profiles of the two types of soy-dawadawa. although boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa i ... | 2005 | 16002169 |
| apparent incompatibility of plasmid psfryc4b of sinorhizobium fredii with two different plasmids in another strain. | sinorhizobium fredii yc4b is a spontaneous mutant derivative of strain yc4 that is unable to nodulate soybeans. the second-largest plasmid of strain yc4b, termed psfryc4b (810 kb), was transferred to s. fredii hn01sr, a strain which contains three large indigenous plasmids (psfrhn01a, psfrhn01b and psfrhn01c). surprisingly, two stable indigenous plasmids (psfrhn01a and psfrhn01b) of strain hn01sr were cured simultaneously by the introduction of psfryc4b. furthermore, a novel, unstable plasmid (p ... | 2005 | 16010525 |
| economic analysis of dynamic management strategies utilizing. transgenic corn for control of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we studied management strategies for western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, using transgenic corn, zea mays l., from both a biological and an economic perspective. in areas with and without populations adapted to a 2-yr rotation of corn and soybean (rotation-resistant), the standard management strategy was to plant 80% of a cornfield (rotated and continuous) to a transgenic cultivar each year. in each area, we also studied dynamic management strategies where the proportio ... | 2005 | 16022329 |
| rumen fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients in dairy cows fed rumen-protected soy products. | four multiparous lactating holstein cows that were fistulated in the rumen and duodenum and that averaged 205 d in milk were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to evaluate the practical replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal (ssbm) with soy protein products of reduced ruminal degradability. on a dry matter (dm) basis, diets contained 15% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, 34.3 to 36.9% corn grain, 19.4% soy products, 18.2% crude protein, 25.5% neutral detergent fiber, and 35.3% starch. in ... | 2005 | 16027203 |
| cancer and its prevention by some horticultural and field crops in turkey. | diet is considered to play an important role in the etiology of carcinogenesis, and almost 30 % of cancer development is known to have a dietary background. many diets appear to contain groups of food components that can prevent, slow down, or even reverse carcinogenesis. in the present commentary, discussion is focused on the following crops: almonds, apricots, plums, peaches and nectarines, cherries, pears, figs, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, walnuts, grapes, strawberries, avocados, banana ... | 2005 | 16101341 |
| a simple and efficient system for green note compound biogenesis by use of certain lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase sources. | six-carbon (c(6)) aldehydes and alcohols are important components of the aroma and flavor of fruits and vegetables. soybean lipoxygenase (lox) isozyme lox 3 was reported not only to produce less 13-hydroperoxides, precursors of c(6) aldehydes, but also to convert them to ketodiene products. here, we examined the effects of lox 3 on hexenal formation from linolenic acid homogenized with watermelon 13-hydroperoxide lyase (hl)-overexpressing nicotiana tabacum leaves and soybean acetone powder. comp ... | 2005 | 16104814 |
| biodegradation of crude petroleum and petroleum products by fungi isolated from two oil seeds (melon and soybean). | crude petroleum oil degrading fungi were isolated from two oil seeds, cucumeropsis mannii (melon) and glycine max (soybean) seeds in the presence and absence of petroleum fumes. an assessment of the relative ability of each fungus to degrade crude petroleum, diesel and kerosene on minimum salt solution was done using change in optical density read on spectrophotometer. twenty-one fungal species (14 genera) were isolated altogether during this experiment. these include eight species of aspergillu ... | 2005 | 16114459 |
| immuno-regulatory effects of ckbm on the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the release of cytokines in thp-1 monocytic cells. | ckbm is an herbal formula composed of five chinese medicinal herbs (panax ginseng, schisandra chinensis, fructus crataegi, ziziphus jujube and glycine max) supplemented with processed saccharomyces cerevisiae. previous studies have demonstrated that ckbm is capable of triggering the release of il-6 and tnfalpha from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and its anti-tumorigenic activity has been demonstrated in nude mice with gastric cancer. in this report, we utilized the thp-1 monocytic ce ... | 2005 | 16141532 |
| forecasting seasonal population growth of aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae) in soybean in illinois. | from 2001 to 2004, 252 fifty-plant samples were collected from commercial soybean, glycine max l., fields in three townships (93-km2 area) in illinois. townships were sampled every 3 wk from late june or early july when aphids (aphis glycines matsumura) first invaded the townships to early august. we used linear regression of 18 mean township field densities to calibrate several simple models to predict the change in aphid population density in a township from one sampling date to the next. the ... | 2005 | 16156566 |
| generation and analysis of soybean plastid transformants expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin. | we describe the generation of fertile and homoplasmic soybean plastid transformants, expressing the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin cry1ab. transgenes were targeted in the intergenic region of glycine max plastome, between the rps12/7 and trnv genes and selection was carried out using the aada gene encoding spectinomycin resistance. molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the cry1ab and aada expression cassettes at the expected location in the soybean plastome, and the trans ... | 2005 | 16158241 |
| effect of seed coat extract from black soybeans on radial maze performance in rats. | 1. in the present study, we tested the effect of seed coat extract from black soybeans on eight-arm radial maze performance in rats. 2. rats were fed a diet containing 5% seed coat extract from black soybeans or a normal diet for 40 days. 3. one week after the start of feeding, rats were tested for learning ability related to two types of memory, reference memory and working memory, with a partially (four of eight) baited eight-arm radial maze. 4. a significant decrease in the total number of er ... | 2005 | 16173933 |
| nh4+ currents across the peribacteroid membrane of soybean. macroscopic and microscopic properties, inhibition by mg2+, and temperature dependence indicate a subpicosiemens channel finely regulated by divalent cations. | the control of ammonium (nh(4)(+)) transport is critical in preventing futile cycles of nh(4)(+)/ammonia transport. an unusual nonselective cation channel with subpicosiemens single-channel conductance permeable to nh(4)(+) had previously been identified in the peribacteroid membrane (pbm) of symbiosomes from soybean (glycine max) nodules. here, we investigate the proposed channel mechanism and its control by luminal magnesium. currents carried by nh(4)(+) were measured in inside-out pbm patches ... | 2005 | 16183839 |
| oxalate and phytate concentrations in seeds of soybean cultivars [glycine max (l.) merr.]. | this study analyzed soybean seeds from 116 cultivars for total, insoluble, and soluble oxalate (ox), phytate (insp6), calcium (ca), and magnesium (mg) because of their potential beneficial or harmful effects on human nutrition. these cultivars were divided into four groups (a-d) on the basis of the year and geographic location where they were grown. oxalate concentration ranged from about 82 to 285 mg/100 g of dry seed. the insp6 concentration ranged from 0.22 to 2.22 g/100 g of dry seed. there ... | 2005 | 16190644 |
| genetic toxicity studies with genistein. | genistein is a phytoestrogen that occurs naturally in the diet especially in soybeans and soy-based foods. genistein and related phytoestrogens are of interest as chemopreventive agents for a variety of diseases and cancers based on epidemiologic evidence of reduced cancer rates in populations with a high intake of soy. although soy and its constituents have been consumed at high levels in asian populations without apparent adverse effects, concern has been raised of potential adverse effects du ... | 2006 | 16198038 |
| dietary soybean enhances pit-1 dependent pituitary hormone production in iodine deficient rats. | reports have shown that soybeans are goitrogenic. in the present study, we investigated the effects of a high soybean diet in rats that were fed normal or iodine-deficient chow on the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone production. iodine deficiency alone resulted in thyroid hyperplasia, reduced serum thyroxine levels, and a tendency towards an increase in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh). the combination of a high soybean and low iodine diet (id + ds) acted synergistically to induce ... | 2005 | 16200459 |
| selective production and characterization of levan by bacillus subtilis (natto) takahashi. | to meet the industrial need of an efficient microbial method for increased levan production, bacillus subtilis (natto) takahashi, a commercial natto starter for preparing fermented soybeans (natto), was used to produce levan. after cultivation for 21 h, 40-50 mg of levan ml(-1) was produced in medium containing 20% (w/w) sucrose, which was approximately 50% yield on available fructose. the product consisted of two fractions with different molecular masses (1794 and 11 kda), which were easily sep ... | 2005 | 16218666 |
| methyl salicylate, a soybean aphid-induced plant volatile attractive to the predator coccinella septempunctata. | induced volatiles provide a signal to foraging predatory insects about the location of their prey. in iowa, early in the growing season of soybean, glycine max, many predacious seven-spotted lady beetles, coccinella septempunctata, were observed on plants with heavy infestations of soybean aphid, aphis glycines. we studied whether the attraction of this beetle is caused by the release of specific volatile compounds of soybean plants infested by aphids. volatile compounds emitted by soybean plant ... | 2005 | 16222805 |
| symbiotic abilities of sinorhizobium fredii with modified expression of purl. | previous reports showed that a transposon-induced purl- mutant of sinorhizobium fredii induced pseudonodules on glycine max and the addition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside or adenine to the plant could not restore the mutant to establish effective symbiosis. to gain a better understanding of the impact of the purl gene on symbiosis formation, we measured the effect of modified expression of this gene on the symbiotic abilities of s. fredii on soybean (g. max). a 1.98-kb in-frame dele ... | 2006 | 16228203 |
| production of menaquinone (vitamin k2)-7 by bacillus subtilis. | menaquinone-7 (mk-7) is a highly bioactive homologue of vitamin k. we obtained a diphenylamine-resistant mutant strain d200-41 from bacillus subtilis strain mh-1 which was isolated from fermented soybeans, natto. the mutant strain exhibited decreased production of mk-6. using strain d200-41, efficient production of mk-7 was achieved. we found that, compared with an agitated and aerated culture, production of mk-7 was increased by static culture. the sporulation of the cells progressed more slowl ... | 2001 | 16232939 |
| variation of the amino acid content of arabidopsis seeds by expressing soybean aspartate aminotransferase gene. | we have increased the contents of several amino acids in the seeds of arabidopsis thaliana by introduction of aspartate aminotransferase (aat), an enzyme of the aspartate biosynthetic pathway. mrna was prepared from one-week-old seedlings of glycine max cv. enrei and the cdna encoding aat5 was isolated and linked to the camv35s promoter in the plant vector pbi121. the aat5 gene encodes a protein of 462 amino acid residues that shows 51% amino acid sequence similarity to a. thaliana chloroplast a ... | 2002 | 16233295 |
| functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) and its components. | the functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) have been studied. soy sauce promotes digestion, because the consumption of a cup of clear soup containing soy sauce enhances gastric juice secretion in humans. soy sauce possesses antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, vibrio cholera, salmonella enteritidis, nonpathogenic escherichia coli and pathogenic e. coli o157:h7. soy sauce also contains an antihypertensive component. an ... | 2005 | 16243270 |
| the comparative ability of four isolates of bacillus subtilis to ferment soybeans into dawadawa. | in an attempt to develop starter cultures for fermenting soybeans into the traditional west african condiment dawadawa, four isolates of bacillus subtilis: 24bp(2), 72rp(17), 72bp(30), and fpdbp(2), which had been selected from 42 bacillus cultures in a previous study by the current authors, were used separately to produce soy-dawadawa. the accompanying microbiological and biochemical changes, including enzymatic activities, as well as the organoleptic quality of the products were evaluated incl ... | 2006 | 16253367 |
| a newly derived protein from bacillus subtilis natto with both antithrombotic and fibrinolytic effects. | natto, steamed soybeans fermented by bacillus subtilis natto, is a traditional japanese food. we derived a purified protein layer, called nkcp as a trade mark, from b. subtilis natto fermentation. in the present study, we examined the fibrinolytic and antithrombotic effects of nkcp and identified its active component to clarify the fibrinolytic effect of nkcp observed in preliminary clinical trials previously. the active component of nkcp was identified as a 34-kilodalton protein designated baci ... | 2005 | 16258229 |
| strain-specific p3 of soybean mosaic virus elicits rsv1-mediated extreme resistance, but absence of p3 elicitor function alone is insufficient for virulence on rsv1-genotype soybean. | when challenged by mechanical inoculation, the rsv1 gene of soybean invokes extreme resistance (er) against soybean mosaic virus (smv) strain n, but not smv-g7 and its experimentally evolved variant, smv-g7d. smv-g7 provokes a lethal systemic hypersensitive response (lshr), whereas smv-g7d induces systemic mosaic. thus, for rsv1-genotype soybean, smv-g7 and smv-g7d are both virulent virus strains. the elicitor function of smv-g7 provoking rsv1-mediated lshr was recently mapped to p3, and the inf ... | 2006 | 16263149 |
| the nucleocytoplasmic microfilament network in protoplasts from cultured soybean cells is a plastic entity that pervades the cytoplasm except the central vacuole. | the microfilament network of cultured glycine max cells (sb-1 line), and protoplasts was visualized with rhodamine-phalloidin under conditions that lysed the protoplast and changed the cell shape. the whole cell had the typical microfilament distribution of a "cage" around the nucleus, from which the large subcortical cables and transvacuolar strands radiated towards the cortex until it reached the cortical microfilament network. upon cell wall removal, the network conserved its compartmentaliza ... | 2005 | 16271307 |
| a synopsis of the occurrence and pathogenicity of phytophthora species in mainland china. | to date, 26 species of phytophthora have been reported in mainland china but only 23 are accepted as good taxa. phytophthora nicotianae (p. parasitica) is the single most important species causing over 40 different plant diseases; p. boehmeriae is widespread attacking gossypium, boehmeria, citrus, broussonetia papyrifera and pterocarya stenoptera; p. "fragariae var. oryzo-bladis" is unique to mainland china causing blight of oryza sativa seedlings; p. megasperma sensu lato has been isolated from ... | 1997 | 16283113 |
| effect of inorganic fertilizer and farmyard manure on soil physical properties, root distribution, and water-use efficiency of soybean in vertisols of central india. | a field experiment was conducted on a vertisol for three consecutive years (1998-2000) to study the effects of combined use of inorganic fertilizer (npk) and organic manure (farmyard manure) on soil physical properties, water-use efficiency, root growth and yield of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] in a soybean-mustard cropping system. application of 10 mg farmyard manure and recommended npk (npk+fym) to soybean for three consecutive years improved the organic carbon content of the surface (0-15 ... | 2006 | 16289791 |
| segregation at the scn resistance locus rhg1 in soybean is distorted by an association between the resistance allele and reduced field emergence. | segregation distortion has been reported repeatedly in soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) inbred line populations segregating for the soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines ichinohe) resistance gene rhg1. in each reported case, the frequency of the scn resistance allele at the rhg1 locus was lower than expected. segregation distortion was studied in 51 f4 populations by counting the number of plants predicted to be homozygous resistant, susceptible, and heterozygous for rhg1 based on the ... | 2006 | 16292671 |
| glyphosate inhibits rust diseases in glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean. | glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used for the control of weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops. glyphosate inhibits 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, and bacteria. studies with glyphosate-resistant wheat have shown that glyphosate provided both preventive and curative activities against puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and puccinia triticina, which cause stripe and leaf rusts, respectively, in wheat. gro ... | 2005 | 16293685 |
| the diphenylether herbicide lactofen induces cell death and expression of defense-related genes in soybean. | lactofen belongs to the diphenylether class of herbicides, which targets protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which in turn causes singlet oxygen generation. in tolerant plants like soybean (glycine max), the chemical nonetheless causes necrotic patches called "bronzing" in contact areas. here it is shown that such bronzing is accompanied by cell death, which was quantified from digital microscopic images using assess software. cellular autofluorescence accompanied cell death, and a homolog of the cell d ... | 2005 | 16299178 |
| induction of thioredoxin is required for nodule development to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in soybean roots. | nodules are formed on legume roots as a result of signaling between symbiotic partners and in response to the activities of numerous genes. we cloned fragments of differentially expressed genes in spot-inoculated soybean (glycine max) roots. many of the induced clones were similar to known genes related to oxidative stress, such as thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase. the deduced amino acid sequences of full-length soybean cdnas for thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase were similar to ... | 2005 | 16299179 |
| laser capture microdissection (lcm) and expression analyses of glycine max (soybean) syncytium containing root regions formed by the plant pathogen heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode). | roots of soybean, glycine max cv. kent l. merr., plants susceptible to the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines ichinohe, were inoculated and allowed to develop feeding sites (syncytia) for 8 days. root samples enriched in syncytial cells were collected using laser capture microdissection (lcm). rna was extracted and used to make a cdna library and expressed sequence tags (ests) were produced and used for a gene ontology (go) analysis. rt-pcr results indicated enhanced expression of ... | 2005 | 16307369 |
| nod factor induces soybean resistance to powdery mildew. | plants possess highly sensitive perception systems by which microbial signal molecules are recognized. in the bradyrhizobium-soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) symbiosis, recognition is initiated through exchange of signal molecules, generally flavonoids from soybean and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (nod factors) from the microsymbiont. application of the nod factor nod bj-v (c18:1, mefuc) induced soybean resistance to powdery mildew caused by microsphaera diffusa. addition of nod factor (concentrat ... | 2005 | 16310369 |
| haustorially expressed secreted proteins from flax rust are highly enriched for avirulence elicitors. | rust fungi, obligate biotrophs that cause disease and yield losses in crops such as cereals and soybean (glycine max), obtain nutrients from the host through haustoria, which are specialized structures that develop within host cells. resistance of flax (linum usitatissimum) to flax rust (melampsora lini) involves the induction of a hypersensitive cell death response at haustoria formation sites, governed by gene-for-gene recognition between host resistance and pathogen avirulence genes. we ident ... | 2006 | 16326930 |
| relative bioavailability of phosphorus and true amino acid digestibility by poultry as affected by soybean extraction time and use of low-phytate soybeans. | the objectives of this study were to determine if lengthening the time that soybeans (sb) spend in the extractor during preparation of soybean meal (sbm) results in increased relative bioavailability of phosphorus without negatively impacting true amino acid digestibilities, and to compare those modified sbm with that produced from a low-phytate sb. three sbm were prepared under uniform conditions with the exception of the length of time sb spent in the extractor [45 min (300 rpm), 60 min (225 r ... | 2005 | 16335124 |
| persistence of rhizobium japonicum on the soybean seed coat under controlled temperature and humidity. | when rhizobium japonicum strain 61a68 was added to surface-sterilized soybean (glycine max) seed along with 12 different coating materials, a definite effect of temperature upon survival was observed both with and without coating materials. at a storage temperature of 15 degrees c and 50 +/- 5% relative humidity, from 0.9 to 14.1% of the original inoculum survived for 3 weeks. at 22.5 degrees c, from 0.5 to 7.2% of the original inoculum survived. at 30 degrees c, from 0.1 to 1.6% of the original ... | 1978 | 16345264 |
| polyacrylamide-entrapped rhizobium as an inoculant for legumes. | pot experiments showed that rhizobium japonicum cells entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel could be used as an inoculant for soybeans and compared favorably to laboratory-made peat base inoculant containing the same bacterial strain. | 1979 | 16345370 |
| population densities of rhizobium japonicum strain 123 estimated directly in soil and rhizospheres. | rhizobium japonicum serotype 123 was enumerated in soil and rhizospheres by fluorescent antibody techniques. counting efficiency was estimated to be about 30%. indigenous populations of strain 123 ranged from a few hundred to a few thousand per gram of field soil before planting. rhizosphere effects from field-grown soybean plants were modest, reaching a maximum of about 2 x 10 cells of strain 123 per g of inner rhizosphere soil in young (16-day-old) plants. comparably slight rhizosphere stimula ... | 1979 | 16345383 |
| use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis to demonstrate that putative rhizobium cross-inoculation mutants actually are contaminants. | two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to determine that mutants of rhizobium trifolii dt6, claimed to be capable of effectively nodulating soybeans, were actually rhizobium japonicum 110 contaminants isolated from the parent dt6 culture. | 1980 | 16345520 |
| diversity and dynamics of indigenous rhizobium japonicum populations. | a simple method, based upon the separation of cellular proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been devised for distinguishing between isolates of rhizobium japonicum. eleven laboratory strains, previously classified into five serogroups, were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. groups determined subjectively according to protein patterns matched the serogroups, with one exception. most strains within serogroups could be distinguished from one another. for s ... | 1980 | 16345658 |
| comparing time course profiles of immediate acetylene reduction by grasses and legumes. | the time course profiles of c(2)h(2) reduction by intact scirpus olneyi (bulrush), oryza sativa (rice) and spartina alterniflora (cordgrass) with roots in atmospheres of n(2) and 30-day-old glycine max (soybean) in air were all immediately linear. this is the first report of immediately linear rates of c(2)h(2) reduction by grass roots removed from soil. the immediately linear profile of c(2)h(2) reduction by soil-free grass roots was achieved by preventing contact between the roots and air. roo ... | 1981 | 16345684 |
| effect of steam sterilization and gamma irradiation of peat on quality of rhizobium inoculants. | data obtained by independent tests on each of 483 batches of rhizobium inoculants for glycine max, medicago sativa, and arachis hypogaea, manufactured commercially in south africa, are reported and discussed. whereas the average cell count per gram per batch was well in excess of 10, inoculants for g. max and m. sativa manufactured with peat treated with gamma irradiation at a dose of 50 kgr contained significantly higher numbers of rhizobium cells than inoculants from peat which received 25 kgr ... | 1981 | 16345788 |
| variations in ability of rhizobium japonicum strains to nodulate soybeans and maintain fixation in the presence of nitrate. | this study investigated differences in sensitivity to nitrate of soybean (glycine max cv. davis) symbioses with 16 different rhizobium japonicum strains. when nitrate (20 mm) was added to established symbioses, there were no significant differences in the degree of inhibition of acetylene reduction for any of the 16 strains. when nitrate was present during the establishment of nodules, high levels of nitrate (10 mm) were equally inhibitory on all symbioses, whereas specific strain effects appear ... | 1982 | 16346093 |
| population changes and persistence of rhizobium phaseoli in soil and rhizospheres. | the impact of legume cultivation on the establishment and persistence of an inoculant strain of rhizobium phaseoli and its ability to compete with a resident population of r. phaseoli for nodule occupancy was examined utilizing strain-specific fluorescent antibodies. the soil (hubbard loamy sand) was inoculated homogeneously with 5 x 10 cells per g of soil and confined in plastic cylinders kept in field plots. inoculated and uninoculated cylinders were either left fallow or planted to two seeds ... | 1983 | 16346203 |
| competition of rhizobium japonicum strains in early stages of soybean nodulation. | the effects of preexposure of soybean (glycine max l. merrill) roots to rhizobium japonicum strains and subsequent establishment of other strains in the nodules were investigated by using combinations of effective strains (usda 110 and usda 138) and effective-ineffective strains (usda 110 and sm-5). strain usda 110 was a better competitor than either usda 138 or sm-5 on cultivars lee and peking. however, when either of the two less-competitive strains was inoculated into 2-day-old seedlings befo ... | 1983 | 16346400 |
| possible involvement of a megaplasmid in nodulation of soybeans by fast-growing rhizobia from china. | several isolates from a newly described group of fast-growing acid-producing soybean rhizobia, rhizobium japonicum, were analyzed for plasmid content. all contained from one to four plasmids with molecular weights of 100 x 10 or larger. although most of the isolates shared plasmids of similar size, the restriction endonuclease (bamhi, ecori, and hindiii) patterns of the plasmids from three of the isolates were vastly different. growth in the presence of acridine orange was effective in producing ... | 1983 | 16346403 |
| rhizosphere response as a factor in competition among three serogroups of indigenous rhizobium japonicum for nodulation of field-grown soybeans. | rhizosphere response was studied as a factor in competition among indigenous rhizobium japonicum serogroups for the nodulation of soybeans under field conditions. r. japonicum serogroups 110, 123, and 138 were found to coexist in a waukegan field soil where they were determined to be the major nodulating rhizobia in soybean nodules. competitive relationships among the three serogroups in that soil and in rhizospheres were examined during two growing seasons with several host cultivars with and w ... | 1984 | 16346501 |
| occurrence of a lysogenic streptomyces sp. on the nodule surface of black gram (vigna mungo (l.) hepper). | a lysogenic streptomyces sp., strain ns.a4, which was isolated from the nodule surface of black gram (vigna mungo (l.) hepper), was found to inhibit rhizobia of fast-and slow-growing strains of cowpeas and soybeans. it exhibited plaques when there was a change in cultural conditions. repeated culturing of the organism in nutrient agar and broth confirmed the infection of streptomyces sp. strain ns.a4 by an actinophage. addition of the culture filtrate of streptomyces sp. strain ns.a4 to shaken b ... | 1984 | 16346593 |
| fast-growing rhizobium japonicum that effectively nodulates several commercial glycine max l. merrill cultivars. | several isolates of fast-growing rhizobium japonicum that nodulate the wild soybean glycine soja have been recently described (keyser et al., science 215:1631-1632, 1982). we demonstrate that one of these isolates, designated prc 440 or usda 191, has a wider host range than that previously reported and is able to nodulate several commercial glycine max cultivars as effectively as does slow-growing r. japonicum 61a76. electron microscopic examination revealed no obvious differences between strain ... | 1984 | 16346594 |
| enhancing soybean rhizosphere colonization by rhizobium japonicum. | a study was conducted to seek means to increase the colonization of the rhizosphere of soybeans (glycine max l. merrill) by rhizobium japonicum. for this purpose, a strain of r. japonicum that was resistant to benomyl, streptomycin, and erythromycin was used. the numbers of r. japonicum rose quickly in the first 2 days after soybean seeds were planted in soil and then rapidly fell. the decline was slower if the seeds were coated with benomyl. this fungicide reduced the numbers of bacteria and pr ... | 1984 | 16346616 |
| effectiveness of rhizobium strains used in inoculants after their introduction into soil. | rhizobium strains used in inoculants for trifolium spp., medicago spp., glycine max, and lotus pedunculatus were isolated from nodules of these legumes grown in soils into which the rhizobia had been introduced 4 to 8 years before. isolations were made from a total of 420 nodules. nodule occupancy by the inoculant strains varied from 17.7% for a soybean strain to 100% in the case of l. pedunculatus whose specific rhizobia did not occur in the soils studied. in general, inoculant strains isolated ... | 1985 | 16346692 |
| influence of environmental factors on interstrain competition in rhizobium japonicum. | the effect of several biotic and abiotic factors on the pattern of competition between two strains of rhizobium japonicum was examined. in two minnesota soils, waseca and waukegan, strain usda 123 occupied 69% (waseca) and 24% (waukegan) of the root nodules on glycine max l. merrill cv. chippewa. usda 110 occupied 2% of the root nodules in the waseca soil and 12% of the nodules in the waukegan soil. under a variety of other growth conditions-vermiculite, vermiculite amended with waseca soil, and ... | 1985 | 16346786 |
| predominance of fast-growing rhizobium japonicum in a soybean field in the people's republic of china. | soybean rhizobia were isolated from two soils with different cropping histories from hubei province in central china. the first, from honghu county, has been under soybean cultivation for decades. all of the isolates obtained from nodules on soybeans growing in this soil were fast-growing, acid-producing rhizobia. however, slow-growing, alkali-producing isolates were obtained at higher dilutions of the same soil. the second soil, from wuchang county, has been under rice cultivation with no recor ... | 1985 | 16346926 |
| improved method of typing bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean nodules. | an improved method for antibiotic resistance recovery of bradyrhizobium japonicum from soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) nodules that is simple, time saving, and economical was developed. this technique involves the use of two 96-well microtiter plates as a multinodule sterilization chamber and a template and a third plate as a 16-point replicator constructed with steel nails affixed to the plate with epoxy cement. with this system a team of four technicians could type 3,000 nodules per day. this ... | 1986 | 16347035 |
| inoculation response of legumes in relation to the number and effectiveness of indigenous rhizobium populations. | the response of legumes to inoculation with rhizobia can be affected by many factors. little work has been undertaken to examine how indigenous populations or rhizobia affect this response. we conducted a series of inoculation trials in four hawaiian soils with six legume species (glycine max, vigna unguiculata, phaseolus lunatus, leucaena leucocephala, arachis hypogaea, and phaseolus vulgaris) and characterized the native rhizobial populations for each species in terms of the number and effecti ... | 1986 | 16347046 |
| fermentation of aqueous plant seed extracts by lactic acid bacteria. | the effects of lactic acid bacterial fermentation on chemical and physical changes in aqueous extracts of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), peanut (arachis hypogea), soybean (glycine max), and sorghum (sorghum vulgare) were studied. the bacteria investigated were lactobacillus helveticus, l. delbrueckii, l. casei, l. bulgaricus, l. acidophilus, and streptococcus thermophilus. organisms were inoculated individually into all of the seed extracts; l. bulgaricus and s. thermophilus were also evaluated tog ... | 1986 | 16347053 |
| symbiotic effectiveness and host-strain interactions of rhizobium fredii usda 191 on different soybean cultivars. | nodulation, acetylene reduction activity, dry matter accumulation, and total nitrogen accumulation by nodulated plants growing in a nitrogen-free culture system were used to compare the symbiotic effectiveness of the fast-growing rhizobium fredii usda 191 with that of the slow-growing bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 in symbiosis with five soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) cultivars. measurement of the amount of nitrogen accumulated during a 20-day period of vegetative growth (28 to 48 days afte ... | 1986 | 16347066 |
| rapid colored-nodule assay for assessing root exudate-enhanced competitiveness of bradyrhizobium japonicum. | the effects of root exudate (re) treatment on nodule occupancy by bradyrhizobium japonicum were investigated by a rapid colored-nodule assay, which is based on the observation that b. japonicum l-110 and its antibiotically marked derivatives form dark-red nodules on certain soybean (glycine max) cultivars, whereas other strains form beige nodules. the efficacy of the assay was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence and by antibiotic platings of nodule bacteria. both logarithmic- and stationary-p ... | 1986 | 16347177 |
| long-term effects of metal-rich sewage sludge application on soil populations of bradyrhizobium japonicum. | the application of sewage sludge to land may increase the concentration of heavy metals in soil. of considerable concern is the effect of heavy metals on soil microorganisms, especially those involved in the biocycling of elements important to soil productivity. bradyrhizobium japonicum is a soil bacterium involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with glycine max, the common soybean. to examine the effect of metal-rich sludge application on b. japonicum, the mics for pb, cu, al, fe, ni, zn, cd, a ... | 1987 | 16347281 |