| induction of immune responses in newborn lambs following enteric immunization with a human adenovirus vaccine vector. | we investigated the antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses of newborn lambs following enteric immunization, targeting jejunal peyer's patches with a human adenovirus vector that expressed the glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus-1. both humoral and cell-mediated gd-specific mucosal immune responses were detected in newborn lambs (1-4 days old) after a single immunization and these responses were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those detected in 5-6-week-old lambs ... | 2000 | 11137268 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein g is required for prevention of apoptosis and efficient viral growth in rabbit kidney cells. | in rabbit kidney (rk13) cells, gg-negative bhv-1 exhibited significant defects in plaque formation and growth compared to that of gg-positive bhv-1. rk13 cells infected with gg-negative bhv-1 exhibited a distinctive cpe and contained a larger number of cells stained with trypan blue dye compared to those infected with gg-positive strains, suggesting that gg-negative bhv-1 inflicted more damage to the infected cells than gg-positive bhv-1. apoptotic cell death was induced in rk13 cells infected w ... | 2001 | 11162805 |
| glycoprotein d homologs in herpes simplex virus type 1, pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpes virus type 1 bind directly to human hvec(nectin-1) with different affinities. | distinct subsets of human receptors for alphaherpesviruses mediate the entry of herpes simplex virus (hsv), pseudorabies virus (prv), or bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) into cells. glycoprotein d (gd) is essential for receptor-mediated entry of all three viruses into cells. however, the gd homologs of these viruses share only 22-33% amino acid identity. several entry receptors for hsv have been identified. two of these, hvea (hvem) and hvec (nectin-1), mediate entry of most hsv-1 and hsv-2 st ... | 2001 | 11162814 |
| heat shock protein-peptide complexes elicit cytotoxic t-lymphocyte and antibody responses specific for bovine herpesvirus 1. | epitope-based vaccines offer a promising alternative to modified live vaccines against viruses such as herpesviruses which give rise to latent infections, and induce immunosuppression. the success of this approach depends on the ability to direct the ctl epitopes to the mhc class i antigen presentation pathway. the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the heat shock protein gp96 in this regard. a group of balb/c mice was injected with three murine ctl epitope peptides of bovi ... | 2001 | 11163665 |
| use of pcr and immunofluorescence to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants. | homologous recombination occurs frequently between strains of the same alphaherpesvirus species. studies of this phenomenon require techniques that can differentiate parental strains from putative recombinant progeny viruses. usually, progeny viruses generated by co-infection of two distinguishable parental strains are first cloned by selection of a single plaque and then characterised by pcr. an assay designed to investigate recombination between two bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strains lacking ... | 2001 | 11164923 |
| the zinc ring finger in the bicp0 protein encoded by bovine herpesvirus-1 mediates toxicity and activates productive infection. | the bicp0 protein encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is believed to activate transcription and consequently productive infection. expression of full-length bicp0 protein is toxic in transiently transfected mouse neuroblastoma cells (neuro-2a) in the absence of other viral genes. however, bicp0 does not appear to directly induce apoptosis. although bicp0 is believed to be functionally similar to the herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded icp0, the only protein domain that is well conserved is a ... | 2001 | 11172088 |
| induction of immune responses in cattle with a dna vaccine encoding glycoprotein c of bovine herpesvirus-1. | a dna vaccine expressing glycoprotein c (gc) of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was evaluated for inducing immunity in bovines. the plasmid encoding gc of bhv-1 was injected six times intramuscularly or intradermally into calves at monthly intervals. after immunization by both routes neutralizing antibody and lymphoproliferative responses developed. the responses in the intradermally immunized calves were better than those in calves immunized intramuscularly. however, the intradermal (i.d.) route w ... | 2001 | 11182496 |
| reduction in serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in natural cases of pneumonia in calves. | in experimental calf pneumonia induced by inoculations of pasteurella haemolytica or bovine herpesvirus-1, lipoprotein lipid concentrations and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat) activity decrease. the purpose of this study was to examine whether similar changes in lipoproteins occur in natural cases of calf pneumonia. when monitored in a time-course study, the activity of lcat, and the concentrations of free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were steadily ... | 2001 | 11214669 |
| efficacy of a live glycoprotein e-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine in cattle in the field. | to assess the efficacy of a live glycoprotein e-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccine to reduce transmission of bhv1 in cattle, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial including 84 herds was conducted in the netherlands. the incidence of bhv1 infections during 17 months was monitored by detecting antibodies against bhv1 glycoprotein e. in the placebo-treated group 214 seroconversions in 3985 paired sera, and in the vaccinated group 67 seroconversions in 3601 paired sera ... | 2001 | 11228362 |
| modelling the effect of surveillance programmes on spread of bovine herpesvirus 1 between certified cattle herds. | for the eradication of an infectious agent, like bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), surveillance and certification can be used to reduce the transmission between herds. the goal of surveillance is that a certified herd that becomes infected is detected timely so that infection of several other certified herds is prevented. what counts is whether the reproduction ratio r, i.e. the average number of certified herds infected by one infected certified herd can be kept below 1. to support policy makers in ... | 2001 | 11240099 |
| genotyping of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from cattle in northern italy. | following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of bvd genotype ii virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of bvdv genotypes in italy became highly relevant. for this purpose, the genotype of 78 bvdv-positive specimens, obtained in 1998-1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was character ... | 2001 | 11243658 |
| organization of the rat tage4 gene and herpesvirus entry activity of the encoded protein. | the tage4 gene (tumor-associated glycoprotein e4) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily overexpressed in rat colon tumors and min mouse intestinal adenomas. the tage4 cdna presents approximately 60% identity with the human cd155, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily coding for a transmembrane protein capable of serving as an entry receptor for poliovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and bovine herpesvirus 1. we determined the structure of the tage4 gene. this gene covers approximate ... | 2001 | 11255021 |
| immunization of livestock with dna vaccines: current studies and future prospects. | early studies using dna immunization suggest the potential benefits of this form of immunization including: long-lived immunity, a broad spectrum of immune responses (both cell-mediated immunity and humoral responses) and the simultaneous induction of immunity to a variety of pathogens through the use of multivalent vaccines. using marine and cow models, we studied methods to enhance and direct the immune response to polynucleotide vaccines. we demonstrated the ability to modulate the magnitude ... | 2001 | 11257380 |
| stochastic modelling as a tool for planning animal-health surveys and interpreting screening-test results. | traditionally, the planning of surveys (in particular, sample-size calculations) has relied on assumptions including the assumption of perfect screening tests. this paper presents a novel approach that can be used for planning animal-health surveys and interpreting screening-test results in the context of these surveys. a stochastic simulation model developed to assess the properties of herd-level sampling schemes and surveys has been adapted for large surveys aimed at substantiating freedom fro ... | 2001 | 11267684 |
| porcine hvec, a member of the highly conserved hvec/nectin 1 family, is a functional alphaherpesvirus receptor. | human herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec) is an alphaherpesvirus receptor which binds to virion glycoprotein d (gd). we identified porcine hvec and studied its interaction with pseudorabies virus (prv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gd. porcine and human hvec have 96% amino acid identity and hvec from african green monkey, mouse, hamster, and cow are similarly conserved. porcine hvec mediates entry of hsv-1, hsv-2, prv, and bovine herpesvirus type 1. truncated soluble forms of hsv-1 and ... | 2001 | 11277703 |
| [outbreak of bovine virus diarrhea on dutch dairy farms induced by a bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine contaminated with bovine virus diarrhea virus type 2]. | on 23 february 1999, the dutch animal health service advised all dutch veterinary practices to postpone vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) immediately. the day before severe disease problems were diagnosed on four dairy farms after vaccination with the same batch of bhv1 marker vaccine. using monoclonal antibodies, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 2 was found in the vaccine batch. this paper describes an outbreak of bvdv type 2 infection caused by the use of a batch of modif ... | 2001 | 11285633 |
| [did vaccination with an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) marker vaccine on thirteen cattle farms give rise to chronic wasting among dairy cattle?]. | at the end of may 1999 the author was asked by the dutch animal health service (gd) to evaluate problems with 'chronic wasting' cows on 13 farms. the cows were thought to have become ill after vaccination with an ibr marker vaccine. on nine farms a number of cows aborted shortly after vaccination. on eight farms lameness was a problem, as was mastitis. diarrhoea occurred on four farms. a number of farms had problems with stillbirth, subfertility, abomasal displacement, and decreasing body condit ... | 2001 | 11285634 |
| [analysis of symptoms associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccination]. | between 1 may 1998 and 22 february 1999, it was compulsory for dutch cattle farmers to take measures against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1). cattle on farms that were not certified as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr)-free had to be vaccinated twice a year. during the vaccination programme, both farmers and veterinarians reported side-effects of the vaccine. these reports were collected by the stichting ibr/bvd schade (sis; foundation for ibr/bvd damage) in order to draw up a damage report. i ... | 2001 | 11285635 |
| [detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine]. | in february 1999, 12 dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) could be isolated. all vaccine batches that were on the dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for bvdv. in total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. batch numbers tx3607, vb3914, vb3915, vb4046, tw3391, and tv3294 were positive for bvdv type 1, and batch number wg4622 was positive for bvdv type 2. this latter batch in ... | 2001 | 11285638 |
| [comparison of performance of dairy herds that were or were not vaccinated with a bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine in 1998]. | this study analysed the effects of the use of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccine on the performance of dairy cattle. in spring of 1999, vaccination of 12 herds with the bhv1 marker vaccine resulted in severe animal health problems and mortality. the vaccines used on these farms were all from a batch that appeared to be contaminated with bovine virus diarrhoea virus type 2. this led to a general call to farmers and veterinary practitioners to report side-effects of this vaccine. as a resu ... | 2001 | 11285639 |
| [management and herd performance of dairy herds with and without chronic wasting disease]. | 'chronic wasting' in cattle acquired a special meaning in the netherlands in 1999. it was used to define animal health problems that were thought to be associated with the use of bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine. criteria have not been set by which an objectively independent inventory of the problems could be made. the objective of this study was to determine management factors associated with the problem of 'chronic wasting' prior to the use of the bhv1 marker vaccine. knowledge about these ... | 2001 | 11285640 |
| [vaccination of calves with contaminated batches of bovine herpes virus 1 vaccines did not result in infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus]. | the aim of the experiment was to study whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccine batches known to be contaminated with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1 could cause bvd in cattle. for this purpose, four groups of cattle were used. the first group (n = 4 calves, the positive control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch contaminated with bvdv type 2. the second group (n = 4 calves, the negative control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch that was not cont ... | 2001 | 11285641 |
| [the effect of a high dose bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine in pregnant heifers: virological, bacteriological, immunological, and pathological findings]. | to determine a possible relationship between the compulsory vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and cattle wasting disease, the effects of bhv1 vaccination on heifers were investigated. twenty heifers in the third trimester of pregnancy were randomly allotted to a vaccine and a control group. the vaccine group was vaccinated twice with a 50-fold dose of bhv1 vaccine and the control group was inoculated with the diluent. the experiment was performed double blind. after vaccination, th ... | 2001 | 11285642 |
| [vitamin b12 supplementation and milk production on farms with 'chronic wasting' cattle]. | from early 1999 onwards, cattle health problems accompanied by chronic wasting of unknown aetiology were reported on a number of dairy farms. an association between these health problems and the compulsory use of ge-negative marker vaccines against bovine herpesvirus 1 was presumed by farmers. on one dairy farm an increased milk production of 50% was reported within a few days after parenteral vitamin b12 treatment. therefore, the current study was designed to determine the effect of parenteral ... | 2001 | 11285643 |
| [possibilities for further research of chronic wasting in dairy cows]. | in this study, we reviewed the research that has been conducted in relationship with the problem of 'chronic wasting' in dairy cows in the netherlands as was experienced during 1998 and 1999. emphasis was drawn towards three aspects of this 'chronic wasting'; the definition, the magnitude, and the possible cause or causes. it appeared that a clear, objective definition of 'chronic wasting' in cows, and of farms with a problem of 'chronic wasting' cows is still lacking. furthermore, the incidence ... | 2001 | 11285644 |
| identification of a mutant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in post-arrival outbreaks of ibr in feedlot calves and protection with conventional vaccination. | outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) have recently been observed in vaccinated feedlot calves in alberta a few months post-arrival. to investigate the cause of these outbreaks, lung and tracheal tissues were collected from calves that died of ibr during a post-arrival outbreak of disease. bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), the causative agent of ibr, was isolated from 6 out of 15 tissues. of these 6 isolates, 5 failed to react with a monoclonal antibody specific for one of the epitope ... | 2001 | 11346260 |
| risk factors for introduction of bhv1 into bhv1-free dutch dairy farms: a case-control study. | in may 1998, a compulsory eradication programme for bhv1 started in the netherlands. in december 1999 approximately 24% of dutch dairy farms were certified bhv1-free (animal health service (ahs)). ninety-three certified bhv1-free dairy farms participated in a cohort study that investigated the probability of introduction of infectious diseases. the probability of introduction of bhv1 was determined from march 1997 until april 1999. ninety of these farms remained bhv1-free and could be used as co ... | 2001 | 11361102 |
| genetic x environment interactions on blood constituents of angus, brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows and calves grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue. | over a 2-yr period, effects of genotype and forage on blood metabolites, enzymes, and minerals were determined in angus, brahman, angus x brahman (sire x dam), and brahman x angus cows, and 129 calves from these cows sired by hereford bulls. cows and calves continuously grazed either common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected 'kentucky-31' tall fescue pastures throughout the year. blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture in april, august, october (weaning), and november (after 30 d i ... | 2001 | 11374533 |
| [integrated disease control in dairy herds. a case study from the veterinarians' viewpoint]. | integrated control of bovine virus diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and salmonella dublin in dairy herds may provide economic benefits superior to those obtained by sequential disease control, because, among other things, it allows optimization of voluntary culling. however, in practice there are no adequate instruments to establish priorities in voluntary culling. therefore, in this stu ... | 2001 | 11392987 |
| clinical study of the disease of calves associated with mycoplasma bovis infection. | clinical, bacteriological and serological examination of 35 calves from the age of 5 to 26 days was performed in a holstein-friesian dairy herd endemically infected with mycoplasma bovis. m. bovis was isolated from 48.6% of nasal swabs taken from the calves at the age of 5 days, and from 91.4% of the same calves at the age of 26 days, indicating the gradual spread of infection. the isolation rate of pasteurella multocida did not change much, and varied from 28.6 to 25.7%. no p. haemolytica could ... | 2000 | 11402656 |
| comparative pathogenesis of acute and latent infections of calves with bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5. | this study was conducted to compare the pathogenesis of acute and latent infections with closely related bovine herpesvirus types 1 (bhv-1) and 5 (bhv-5) in their natural host. two groups of eight calves were inoculated intranasally with bhv-1 or bhv-5. although bhv-1 and bhv-5 similarly replicate in the nasal mucosa after inoculation, both viruses differ markedly in their ability to cause disease, bhv-5 being responsible of some fatal encephalitis while bhv-1 inducing rhinotracheitis. virus iso ... | 2001 | 11402854 |
| [risk and economics of disease introduction to dairy farms]. | a more closed farming system will enhance the success of disease eradication programmes, because the introduction or re-introduction of infectious diseases is less likely. the objective of the study was to obtain input for the development of an on-farm decision support model to calculate the economic consequences of a more closed farming system. the input was based on bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), since there were numerous data on this disease, but a more closed farming system will prevent introd ... | 2001 | 11436606 |
| use of chimeric nectin-1(hvec)-related receptors to demonstrate that ability to bind alphaherpesvirus gd is not necessarily sufficient for viral entry. | human nectin-1 (hvec, prr1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a receptor for the entry of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), binds to viral gd. for hsv-1, hsv-2, and prv, the gd-binding region of nectin-1 has been localized to the n-terminal v-like domain. to determine whether the two c-like domains of nectin-1 influenced gd binding and entry activity, genes encoding chimeric proteins were constructed. portions ... | 2001 | 11437670 |
| a genetic immunization adjuvant system based on bvp22-antigen fusion. | dna vaccines must induce a greater immune response to be effective in the biomedical industry. therefore, we tested the trafficking trait of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) protein vp22 (bvp22) fused to an antigen and applied this unique trait to genetic immunization. dna immunization with bvp22-antigen stimulates immune responses superior to that of standard dna immunization. mice were injected intramuscularly with gene constructs expressing the antigen yellow fluorescent protein (yfp), yfp fu ... | 2001 | 11440628 |
| a retrospective analysis of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (bovine herpes virus-1) surveillance program in norway using monte carlo simulation models. | serological surveillance for antibodies against bovine herpes virus type i (bhv-1) which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis has been carried out since 1992 in norway. since 1993 (when a single infected herd was detected) all bulk-milk and pooled-serum samples have been negative for bhv-1 antibodies. this paper describes the use of monte carlo simulation models for the analysis and interpretation of the results of the surveillance and provides support ... | 2001 | 11448499 |
| [structure of over lapping region of icp18.5 and gb genes of type 1 bovine herpesvirus strain tk-a]. | nucleotide sequence of dna fragment coding 3'-terminal of ico 18.5 gene that overlaps the regulatory region and 5'-terminal of open reading frame of gb gene of bovine herpesvirus (bhv-1, subtype 1.3), strain tk-a, was determined. comparative analysis of the sequence with the corresponding dna regions of bhv-1, subtype 1.1, equine herpesviruses of the first and fourth types, and porcine pseudorabies virus was performed. | 2001 | 11450144 |
| overexpression of the cd155 gene in human colorectal carcinoma. | the tage4 gene (tumour associated glycoprotein e4) is overexpressed in rat colon tumours and min mouse intestinal adenomas. the rat tage4 protein has approximately 40% identity with human cd155, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily coding for a transmembrane protein capable of serving as an entry receptor for poliovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1. analysis of the rat tage4 gene has revealed structural and functional similarities with the human cd155 gene. we ther ... | 2001 | 11454801 |
| establishment of latency associated with glycoprotein e (ge) seroconversion after bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in calves with high levels of passive antibodies lacking ge antibodies. | this study was conducted to investigate the glycoprotein e (ge) antibody response raised after inoculation with a low infectious dose of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in six calves possessing high levels of passive immunity from cows repeatedly vaccinated with ge deleted marker vaccine. four out of the six calves developed ge antibodies 3-5 weeks after infection, whereas the two other ones remained seronegative to ge. after 5 months of infection, the six calves were treated with dexamethasone. vi ... | 2001 | 11470543 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 tegument protein vp22 interacts with histones, and the carboxyl terminus of vp22 is required for nuclear localization. | the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) ul49 gene encodes a viral tegument protein termed vp22. ul49 homologs are conserved among alphaherpesviruses. interestingly, the bhv-1 vp22 deletion mutant virus is asymptomatic and avirulent in infected cattle but produces only a slight reduction in titer in vitro. attenuation of the bhv-1 vp22 deletion mutant virus in vivo suggests that vp22 plays a functional role in bhv-1 replication. in herpes simplex virus type 1, the vp22 homolog was previously shown to in ... | 2001 | 11483770 |
| a mutation in the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 leads to impaired ocular shedding in acutely infected calves. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated in the ocular or nasal cavity. like other alphaherpesviruses, bhv-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons but has the potential of reactivating from latency and spreading. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna, which is alternatively spliced in trigeminal ganglia during acute infection (l. r. devireddy and c. jones, j. virol. 72:7294-7301, 199 ... | 2001 | 11507196 |
| the ul41-encoded virion host shutoff (vhs) protein and vhs-independent mechanisms are responsible for down-regulation of mhc class i molecules by bovine herpesvirus 1. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein of alphaherpesviruses causes a rapid shutoff of host cell protein synthesis. we constructed a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) deletion mutant in which the putative vhs gene, ul41, has been disrupted. whereas protein synthesis is inhibited within 3 h after infection with wild-type bhv1, no inhibition was observed after infection with the bhv1(vhs-) deletion mutant. these results indicate that the bhv1 ul41 gene product is both necessary and sufficient for shutoff ... | 2001 | 11514716 |
| transcription from the gene encoding the herpesvirus entry receptor nectin-1 (hvec) in nervous tissue of adult mouse. | both human and murine forms of nectin-1 (hvec, prr1) can serve as entry receptors for several neurotropic herpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1. hsv-1, hsv-2, and prv can cause lethal neurological disease in mice whether inoculation is directly into the central nervous system or by peripheral routes. expression of nectin-1 transcripts in cells of the adult mouse nervous system was assessed by in situ hyb ... | 2001 | 11531408 |
| tyrosine phosphorylation of bovine herpesvirus 1 tegument protein vp22 correlates with the incorporation of vp22 into virions. | tyrosine phosphorylation has been shown to play a role in the replication of several herpesviruses. in this report, we demonstrate that bovine herpesvirus 1 infection triggered tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins with molecular masses similar to those of phosphorylated viral structural proteins. one of the tyrosine-phosphorylated viral structural proteins was the tegument protein vp22. a tyrosine 38-to-phenylalanine mutation totally abolished the phosphorylation of vp22 in transfected cells. ho ... | 2001 | 11533164 |
| three herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript mutants with distinct and asymmetric effects on virulence in mice compared with rabbits. | herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (lat)-null mutants have decreased reactivation but normal virulence in rabbits and mice. we report here on dlat1.5, a mutant with lat nucleotides 76 to 1667 deleted. following ocular infection of rabbits, dlat1.5 reactivated at a lower rate than its wild-type parent mckrae (6.1 versus 11.8%; p = 0.0025 [chi-square test]). reactivation was restored in the marker-rescued virus dlat1.5r (12.6%; p = 0.53 versus wild type), confirming the impo ... | 2001 | 11533165 |
| an economic model for on-farm decision support of management to prevent infectious disease introduction into dairy farms. | a more-closed farming system can be a good starting point for eradication of infectious diseases from within a herd. the economic implications of a more-closed farming system will not always be obvious to farmers. the management decisions are related to different parts of the farm and are farm-specific. to support these decisions, a model was developed of the economic consequences of a more-closed system (a simple static and deterministic design was used). the risk factors in the model were base ... | 2001 | 11535286 |
| latency and reactivation of a glycoprotein e negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine: influence of virus load and effect of specific maternal antibodies. | the effects of the vaccination of neonatal calves with a glycoprotein e (ge)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) were investigated in naïve and passively immunised calves either with the recommended dose or a 5-fold concentrated one. after inoculation (pi), all calves excreted the virus vaccine except three passively immunised calves inoculated with the lower titre. no antibody response could be detected in passively immunised calves, whatever the dose used, and they all became bhv-1 sero ... | 2001 | 11535332 |
| latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in goats and of caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1) in calves. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1) are related members of the herpesvirus family. since their natural hosts are often kept in close contact with each other, concern was raised that a reservoir might be established in the heterologous host in addition to the homologous host. to investigate this possibility, cross-infection experiments with bhv-1 in goats and caphv-1 in calves were performed. bhv-1 infected goats developed mild disease signs during acute infection, wh ... | 2001 | 11556709 |
| the bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early protein (bicp0) associates with histone deacetylase 1 to activate transcription. | infected-cell protein 0 encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) (bicp0) is necessary for efficient productive infection, in large part, because it activates all 3 classes of bhv-1 genes (u. v. wirth, c. fraefel, b. vogt, c. vlcek, v. paces, and m. schwyzer, j. virol. 66:2763-2772, 1992). although bicp0 is believed to be a functional homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded icp0, the only well-conserved domain between the proteins is a zinc ring finger located near the amino terminus of b ... | 2001 | 11559788 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells eight months postinfection. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from 5 calves (3 controls and 2 vaccinates) used in a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) vaccine study with a bhv-1 cooper strain challenge were collected 6 months after challenge. the pbmcs from the control animals were positive by immunofluorescence for the bhv-1 glycoprotein d (gd) while the vaccinates were negative. the pbmc samples from 4 of the 5 animals were examined for bhv-1 dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and for gd immunofluorescence at 8 mo ... | 2001 | 11580067 |
| involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes. | 2001 | 11592313 |
| expression kinetics of the transcript and product of the ul28 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1. | we report that the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) ul28 orf, a homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) ul28 gene, represents a functional gene encoding a viral specific protein. the bhv1 ul28 orf, located at positions 53058-->55538 of the viral genome, encodes a viral specific transcript of 3.4 kb detected at 6 h post-infection (p.i.) after which its levels accumulated up to 12 h p.i. and then remained constant up to 24 h p.i. transcription of the bhv1 ul28 was determined to initiate 95 bases up ... | 2001 | 11597745 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein e and use for the differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. | a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) was obtained. for that purpose, mice were either tolerized to bhv-1 ge-negative virus and then immunized with wild type bhv-1 or immunized with plasmid dna expressing the ge and gi glycoproteins. the mabs were characterized by their reactivity with the ge protein or the ge/gi complex and by competition experiments. results showed that the mabs were directed against three antigenic ... | 2001 | 11600264 |
| fusion of c3d molecule with bovine rotavirus vp7 or bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d inhibits immune responses following dna immunization. | the binding of the complement c3d molecule with receptors on b cells and/or follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) influences the induction of humoral immune responses. for example, c3d fused to an antigen has been shown to have a strong adjuvant effect on antibody production. we investigated the possibility that co-expression of antigen and c3d as a fusion protein could enhance antigen-specific immune responses, following plasmid immunization. one or two copies of murine c3d-cdna, c3d or (c3d)(2), r ... | 2001 | 11604163 |
| suppository-mediated dna immunization induces mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle. | mucosal surfaces are the primary sites for the transmission of infectious agents including viruses, so effective vaccines generally should induce mucosal immunity. furthermore, noninvasive delivery is desirable because of the ease of application, the high degree of patient compliance, and the improved safety for patients and clinicians due to the elimination of needles. unfortunately, most of the conventional vaccines are parenterally administered and result in systemic rather than mucosal immun ... | 2001 | 11689054 |
| transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the ul25 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1.1. | we investigated whether the bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv1) orf, a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul25 gene, represented a functional gene. the bhv1 ul25 orf, which is located at positions 60602<--62398 of the viral genome, generated a 4.5 kb transcript accumulating at low abundance as soon as 3 hours p.i. after which the levels increased up to 12h p.i. and remained constant up to 24 hours p.i. in addition, ul25 transcription initiated at 303 bases upstream from the translation ini ... | 2001 | 11699956 |
| reverse immunogenetic and polyepitopic approaches for the induction of cell-mediated immunity against bovine viral pathogens. | the control of several infectious diseases of animals by vaccination is perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment of veterinary medicine in the last century. even the eradication of some pathogens is in sight, at least in some parts of the world. however, infectious diseases continue to cost millions of dollars to the livestock industry. one of the reasons for the failure to control certain pathogens is the limited emphasis placed on cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in the design of vaccines again ... | 2000 | 11708596 |
| development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of bovine herpesvirus-1 and -5. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bhv-5) are closely related viruses which exhibit some important differences at the genetic and immunogenic levels which may explain the differences in their pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) was developed to detect and differentiate between bhv-1 and bhv-5. in this m-pcr two pairs of primers (tk1, tk2 and gd1, gd2) were used in the same reaction mix to amplify a thymidine kinase ... | 2001 | 11708680 |
| defective infection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in non-permissive murine cells. | the defective growth of bovine herpesvirus i (bhv-1) was analyzed in non-permissive murine embryo fibroblast, balb/3t3 a31-1-1 (a31) cells. bhv-1 was able to attach and penetrate into a31 cells at similar levels that were seen in semi-permissive cells. once penetrated into a31 cells, bhv-1 was efficiently transported to nuclei, but the onset of expression of immediate early (ie) protein and viral dna replication was not observed. these data suggest that the viral replication of bhv-1 in a31 cell ... | 2001 | 11714033 |
| priming by dna immunization augments t-cell responses induced by modified live bovine herpesvirus vaccine. | dna vaccines have several advantages over conventional vaccines. one of the most important characteristics is the presentation of antigen via both mhc class i and class ii receptors. although this generally results in strong t-cell responses, antibody production and protection achieved by dna immunization are unfortunately not always adequate. in contrast, modified live virus (mlv) vaccines usually induce adequate antibody and moderate cellular responses, whereas killed vaccines tend to elicit w ... | 2001 | 11714981 |
| [the preparation phosprenyl suppresses diarrhea and cattle infectious rhinotracheitis virus multiplication in sensitive cell cultures]. | fosprenil suppressed the multiplication of cattle diarrhea virus in calf coronary vessel cell culture. added to the culture of infected cells in a dose of 200 mg, the drug decreased the virus titer 30-fold in comparison with infected control cultures. antiviral activity of fosprenil towards infective rhinotracheitis virus multiplication was still higher: in a dose of 100 mg it decreased the virus titer in fetal calf lung culture 100-fold in comparison with the control. moreover, the cytopathogen ... | 2001 | 11715710 |
| advances in bhv1 (ibr) research. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) is the aetiological agent of a number of diseases and not only of ibr, namely infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ipv), infectious balanoposthitis (ibp), conjunctivitis, encephalomyelitis, mastitis, abortion, enteritis, and lesions in the interdigital space. the serological identical strains differ, however, in some aspects. typical genital strains usually cause a mild illness, sometimes not even detected clinically, but serologically. they hamper eradication pro ... | 2001 | 11721589 |
| expression kinetics of the late ul12 gene encoding the bovine herpesvirus 1 alkaline nuclease. | we characterized the expression kinetics of the transcript and protein generated from the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul12 gene that encodes a viral alkaline nuclease. the bhv1 ul12 coding sequence, which was previously shown to express in e. coli a protein exhibiting nuclease activity, is located at positions 82776-->84239 of the viral genome. northern blot analysis of rna from bhv1-infected cells with a single strand rna probe complementary to ul1 ... | 2001 | 11722011 |
| a novel approach to induce cell cycle reentry in terminally differentiated muscle cells. | during terminal differentiation, skeletal muscle cells permanently retract from the cell cycle. we and others have shown previously that this cell cycle withdrawal is an actively maintained state that can be reversed by transient expression of the sv40 large t antigen. in an attempt to avoid the hazards of gene transfer and the difficulties of regulating transgene expression, we have now used this cellular system as a model to test whether direct protein delivery could constitute a feasible alte ... | 2002 | 11729099 |
| virus neutralising antibodies against 22 bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates in vaccinated calves. | seven of nine colostrum deprived calves, free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), were vaccinated with a commercially available vaccine containing two inactivated strains of bvdv, an inactivated strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 and modified-live strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and para-influenza-3 virus. the two other calves were kept as controls. the virus neutralising (vn) antibodies induced by vaccination were tested against 22 antigenically diverse bvdv isolates, including ... | 2002 | 11749137 |
| the importance of interleukin-8 as a neutrophil chemoattractant in the lungs of cattle with pneumonic pasteurellosis. | interleukin-8 (il-8), an in vitro and in vivo neutrophil chemoattractant, is expressed at high levels in the lesions observed in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. because of the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis, we investigated the relative importance of il-8 as a neutrophil chemoattractant in this disease. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid was harvested from calves experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 and challenged with mannheimia haemolytica. ne ... | 2001 | 11768129 |
| a gene capable of blocking apoptosis can substitute for the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript gene and restore wild-type reactivation levels. | after ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection, the virus travels up axons and establishes a lifelong latent infection in neurons of the trigeminal ganglia. lat (latency-associated transcript), the only known viral gene abundantly transcribed during hsv-1 neuronal latency, is required for high levels of reactivation. the lat function responsible for this reactivation phenotype is not known. recently, we showed that lat can block programmed cell death (apoptosis) in neurons of the tri ... | 2002 | 11773398 |
| a blocking elisa with improved sensitivity for the detection of passively acquired maternal antibodies to bhv-1. | four serological tests were evaluated for their ability to detect passively acquired maternal antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1. a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated superior sensitivity in the detection of such antibodies in calves up to 9-11 months old, versus calves up to 7 months old for other tests. | 2002 | 11802669 |
| nylon membrane-immobilized pcr for detection of bovine viruses. | bridge technology is an amplification technique in which pairs of primers are immobilized on a solid support, allowing amplification only at the location of the primer pair spot. the technique has diagnostic potential since an array of primer pairs, each specific for a different pathogen, can be used with a diagnostic sample without inter-pair interactions that plague the development of multiplex pcrs. as a result, one assay should be able to determine which of multiple pathogens are present and ... | 2002 | 11808702 |
| the significance of the golgi complex in envelopment of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as revealed by cryobased electron microscopy. | nucleocapsids of herpesviruses originate in the nucleus of host cells and bud through the inner nuclear membrane acquiring tegument and envelope. the release of the enveloped virus particle from the perinuclear space is unknown. cryobased electron microscopic imaging revealed enveloped virus particles within cisterns associated with the perinuclear space, a pre-golgi compartment connecting golgi cisterns to the perinuclear space, and enveloped virus particles in golgi cisterns where they are pac ... | 2002 | 11814872 |
| induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus type 1 in cattle by intranasal administration of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein gc or gd. | replication-defective human adenoviruses type 5 (had5) expressing the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gc or gd under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter/enhancer (adcmvgc or adcmvgd) or the 5' regulatory region of the human desmin gene (addesmgc or addesmgd) were generated. a preliminary experiment performed on rabbits showed that the intranasal administration of adcmv elicited higher levels of bhv-1 neutralizing antibodies than the intramuscular admi ... | 2002 | 11818166 |
| oral dna vaccination in utero induces mucosal immunity and immune memory in the neonate. | infectious diseases are responsible for a significant number of deaths during the first weeks of life. some of the salient pathogens include hsv, hiv, hepatitis b virus, group b streptococcus, haemophilus sp., and chlamydia sp. the vertical transmission of many of these pathogens significantly increases the risk of neonatal infection. we recently reported that oral dna immunization in utero induced high serum ab titers and cell-mediated immunity in fetal lambs. in this study, we demonstrate immu ... | 2002 | 11823522 |
| effect of experimental infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) on the ex vivo interaction of bovine leukocytes with mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin. | mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica a1 produces an extracellular leukotoxin (lkt) that is reported to bind the beta(2)-integrin cd11a/cd18 (lea-1) on ruminant leukocytes. lkt binding induces activation, and subsequent cytolysis, of these cells. it is well known that active viral infection greatly increases the susceptibility of cattle to pasteurellosis. to better understand the mechanism by which this occurs, we investigated the effects of experimental in vivo infection of cattle with bovine he ... | 2002 | 11825601 |
| vaccination of calves against bovine herpesvirus-1: assessment of the protective value of eight vaccines. | eight separate, but related experiments, were carried out in which groups of six calves were vaccinated with one of eight commercial vaccines. in each experiment the vaccinated calves were subsequently exposed to three calves infected with virulent bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). in each experiment, all infected donor calves developed a typical severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) infection and excreted virus in their nasal secretions of up to 10(8.00) tcid50/0.1 ml. one live bhv-1 ge-ne ... | 2002 | 11831745 |
| demonstration of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and mannheimia haemolytica antigens in specimens stored for up to 22 months in buffered formalin. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and mannheimia haemolytica antigens were demonstrated in lung tissues that were stored in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin for 1 to 22 months using the immunoperoxidase method. there were no differences observed in terms of labelling intensity and distribution of m. haemolytica antigens between specimens stored for 1 and 22 months. the labeling intensity in sections from 2-cm thick specimens was comparable to those from 0.2-cm thick specimens. there was n ... | 2002 | 11858651 |
| varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 2 encodes a membrane phosphoprotein that is dispensable for viral replication and for establishment of latency. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes six genes that do not have homologs in herpes simplex virus. one of these genes, vzv open reading frame 2 (orf2), was expressed as a 31-kda phosphoprotein in the membranes of infected cells. unlike equine and bovine herpesvirus type 1 orf2 homologs that are associated with virions, vzv virions contained no detectable orf2 protein. the orf2 deletion mutant established a latent infection in cotton rats at a frequency and with a number of vzv genomes similar to ... | 2002 | 11884583 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein g is necessary for maintaining cell-to-cell junctional adherence among infected cells. | glycoproteins ge and gg of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) are involved in viral cell-to-cell transmission. we have compared the subcellular localizations of ge and gg and examined the cell-to-cell adherence of bovine kidney (mdbk) cells infected with bhv-1 mutants lacking ge or gg. in bhv-1-infected mdbk cells, ge was observed at cell junctions but did not localize at apical or basal plasma membranes. bhv-1 gg was primarily found in the cytoplasm and was also observed at boundaries among infected ... | 2002 | 11886262 |
| detecting antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bvd virus infections using milk samples from individual cows. | | 2002 | 11888111 |
| glycoprotein m of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is nonessential for replication in cell culture and is involved in inhibition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus f protein induced syncytium formation in recombinant bhv-1 infected cells. | cell cultures infected with bhv-1/f(syn), a recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) which expresses a synthetic open reading frame encoding the fusion (f) protein of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), showed a cytopathic effect (cpe) indistinguishable from that induced by wildtype bhv-1 although transient transfection experiments demonstrated that expression of the f protein leads to formation of large syncytia. since it has been shown that glycoprotein m (gm) of pseudorabies virus ... | 2002 | 11888688 |
| improvement of serological discrimination between herpesvirus-infected animals and animals vaccinated with marker vaccines. | control/eradication plans of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and suid herpesvirus 1 (shv1) infections involve vaccination with inactivated or attenuated ge-deleted marker vaccines and associated companion serological tests to discriminate naturally infected from vaccinated animals. blocking or competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been designed for the detection of specific antibodies against bhv1 or shv1 ge glycoprotein. the antigen source usually consists of a crude viral pr ... | 2002 | 11888690 |
| search for physical interaction between bicp0 of bovine herpesvirus-1 and p53 tumor suppressor protein. | the immediate-early (ie) protein bicp0 of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) may have other functions besides transactivation of viral promoters. recently, we observed that bicp0, delivered to cultured cells by a helpervirus-free amplicon system, forms spherical or doughnut-like structures in which the tumor suppressor protein p53 is sequestered. the objective was to determine whether bicp0 and p53 interact physically, we used both yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems. as a bait plasmid, pva3 which ... | 2002 | 11888693 |
| analysis of bovine trigeminal ganglia following infection with bovine herpesvirus 1. | following primary infection of the eye, oral cavity, and/or nasal cavity, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes latency in trigeminal ganglionic (tg) neurons. virus reactivation and spread to other susceptible animals occur after natural or corticosteroid-induced stress. infection of calves with bhv-1 leads to infiltration of lymphocytes in tg and expression of ifn-gamma (interferon-gamma), even in latently infected calves. during latency, virus antigen and nucleic acid positive non-neural ce ... | 2002 | 11888697 |
| transduction of vero cells and bovine monocytes with a herpes simplex virus-1 based amplicon carrying the gene for the bovine herpesvirus-1 circ protein. | herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) based amplicon vectors are promising gene delivery vehicles because they have a large transgene capacity and can efficiently transduce many different cell types, including non-dividing cells, of various animal species. the circ protein of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is a myristylated virion component of unknown function. preliminary experiments with a circ gene deletion mutant indicated that circ may influence the host's immune response by downregulating mhc-ii ex ... | 2002 | 11888699 |
| transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul51 homologue gene. | we characterized the expression kinetics of the transcript and protein generated from the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul51 gene. the bhv1 ul51 orf, located at positions 7236-->7967 of the viral genome, generated a major 1.05 kb transcript accumulating at very low abundance as soon as 3 h post-infection (p.i.), after which its levels increased to reach a plateau from 6 to 12 h p.i., and then slowly decreased up to 24 h p.i. as determined by s1 nuclea ... | 2002 | 11900845 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing, and characterization of bovine transporter associated with antigen processing 2 ( botap2). | the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) 1/2 heterodimer is essential for the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) inhibits bovine tap (botap) activity, as a means of down-regulating mhc class i expression on the cell surface, and hence evasion of the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response of the host. identification of bhv-1 protein(s) responsible for tap inhibition, and elucidation of the mechanism o ... | 2002 | 11976789 |
| the associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. | blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. eleven groups were housed in feedlots in ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in alberta. serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), mycoplasma dispar and m. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (bcv) from a previous study were investigated for t ... | 1999 | 12001336 |
| th1/th2 biasing effects of vaccination in cattle as determined by real-time pcr. | real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is now becoming an accepted tool for measuring gene expression at the transcriptional level. in this study, a direct comparison between real-time pcr, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (elispot) assay was performed. when interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) gene expression was assessed, both elisa and elispot data strongly correlated to results obtained by real-time pcr. real-time pcr was subsequently used to measure ... | 2002 | 12009200 |
| sequence analysis of the alpha trans-inducing factor of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5). | bovine herpesvirus (bhv), a member of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, is classified into neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent subtypes on a basis of differential neuropathogenicities. transcription of viral immediate early (ie) genes during alphaherpesvirus gene expression, is mediated by a multi-component immediate early complex (iec) integrated by the viral tegument protein alpha trans-inducing factor (alpha-tif), a host cell protein (hcf), and a host octamer protein (oct). in this paper, we ... | 2002 | 12018705 |
| characterization of the glycoprotein b gene from ruminant alphaherpesviruses. | the complete open reading frame and promoter region of the glycoprotein b (gb) gene has been identified and sequenced from five poorly characterized alphaherpesviruses of ruminants, bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5), buffalo herpesvirus 1 (buhv-1), cervine herpesvirus 1 (cerhv-1), rangiferine herpesvirus 1 (ranhv-1), and caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1). one of the two regions identified with considerable sequence and length variation is also target of the immune system, as two b cell epitopes have be ... | 2002 | 12018712 |
| bhv-1 dna vaccination: effect of the adjuvant rn-205 on the modulation of the immune response in mice. | it is well documented that adjuvants improve the immune response generated by traditional viral vaccines, but less is known about the effects of adjuvants on the immune response elicited by dna vaccines. in this study, we have investigated the use of rn-205 (immunomodulator containing a membrane rich in lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria) as an adjuvant and analyzed the humoral and cellular specific immune responses elicited by dna vaccines based on the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) g ... | 2002 | 12034090 |
| construction and manipulation of an infectious clone of the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome maintained as a bacterial artificial chromosome. | the complete genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) strain v155 has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). following electroporation into escherichia coli strain dh10b, the bohv-1 bac was stably propagated over multiple generations of its host. bac dna recovered from dh10b cells and transfected into bovine cells produced a cytopathic effect which was indistinguishable from that of the parent virus. analysis of the replication kinetics of the viral progeny indicated that inserti ... | 2002 | 12050379 |
| a mutation in the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 disrupts the latency reactivation cycle in calves. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. following acute infection, the primary site for bhv-1 latency is the sensory neuron. reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna, suggesting that it mediates some aspect of latency. an lr mutant was constru ... | 2002 | 12050390 |
| of the three tegument proteins that package mrna in herpes simplex virions, one (vp22) transports the mrna to uninfected cells for expression prior to viral infection. | an earlier report has shown that herpes simplex virus 1 virions package rna. experiments designed to reveal the identity of the virion proteins capable of binding the rna and to show whether the mrna carried in the newly infected cells was expressed showed the following: (i) (32)p-labeled riboprobe generated by in vitro transcription of the u(s)8.5 orf bound three proteins identified as the products of u(s)11, u(l)47, and u(l)49 (vp22) genes. (ii) viral rna was bound to u(l)47 or u(s)11 proteins ... | 2002 | 12060774 |
| amino acid substitutions in the v domain of nectin-1 (hvec) that impair entry activity for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 but not for pseudorabies virus or bovine herpesvirus 1. | the entry of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into cells requires the interaction of viral glycoprotein d (gd) with a cellular gd receptor to trigger the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. nectin-1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, can serve as a gd receptor for hsv types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) as well as for the animal herpesviruses porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). the hsv-1 gd binding domain of nectin-1 is hypothesized to overlap ami ... | 2002 | 12072525 |
| bhv-1-specific cd4+, cd8+, and gammadelta t cells in calves vaccinated with one dose of a modified live bhv-1 vaccine. | expression of the high-affinity interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain (cd25) was used to monitor antigen-specific activation of t lymphocyte subsets (cd4+, cd8+, and gammadelta t cells) from cattle immunized with modified live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). calves seronegative for bhv-1 were either vaccinated with one dose of modified live vaccine containing bhv-1 or not vaccinated to serve as negative controls. two animals vaccinated 7 and 5 weeks before the start of the experiment with two doses o ... | 2002 | 12081020 |
| adenine and deazaadenine nucleoside and deoxynucleoside analogues: inhibition of viral replication of sheep mvv (in vitro model for hiv) and bovine bhv-1. | a series of n(6)-cycloalkyl-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives has been prepared by coupling of 2,6-dichloropurine to protected 2,3-dideoxyribose, followed by reaction with appropriate cycloalkylamines. synthesized compounds, along with other purine nucleoside analogues previously synthesized in our laboratory, have been tested for their antiviral activity against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and sheep maedi/visna virus (mvv), the latter being an in vitro and in vivo model of human immunodeficie ... | 2002 | 12110319 |
| probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into dutch spf dairy farms: a cohort study. | a 2-year cohort study was conducted to investigate the probability of disease introduction into dutch dairy farms. the farms were tested regularly for diseases and were visited biannually to collect management data. ninety-five specific pathogen-free (spf) dairy farms were selected from a database of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1)-free farms to study the probability of, and risk factors for, introduction of bhv1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype ... | 2002 | 12114014 |
| viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review. | this review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. subclinical mastitis has been induced after a ... | 2002 | 12119136 |
| cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides augment and switch the immune responses of cattle to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d. | the adjuvanticity of a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cpg motifs (cpg odn) was determined in cattle. calves were immunized with a truncated secreted version of glycoprotein d (tgd) of bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) formulated with alum, cpg odn, or a combination of both. bhv-1 tgd formulated with cpg odn or with alum and cpg odn induced a stronger and more balanced immune response than tgd in alum. this level of immunity was of sufficient magnitude to minimize weight loss ... | 2002 | 12126915 |
| a study on latency in calves by five vaccines against bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. | four bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) commercial vaccines, three of which (vaccines b, d, e) were modified live vaccines (mlv) and one (vaccine a) identified as a live strain of bhv-1 ge negative, were used for vaccination of calves, using three calves for each vaccine. three months after vaccination calves were subjected to dexamethasone (dms) treatment following which virus was recovered from calves inoculated with vaccine b and from those given vaccine d. no virus reactivation was obtained in cal ... | 2002 | 12135235 |
| induction of apoptosis in rabbit kidney cell under high-level expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 u(s) orf8 product. | the open reading frame 8 (orf8) within the short unique (u(s)) region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genome was predicted to encode a protein with homology to u(s)9 protein of other alpha herpesviruses. the aim of this study is to identify the protein encoded by the u(s) orf8 and to examine the effect of its expression in mammalian cells. | 2002 | 12145540 |